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Avinash

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Posts posted by Avinash

  1. Posted · Report reply

    Let me again emphasize that centrifugal force is not a real force.

    Consider a disc, which is rotating. Since it is rotating, this means some centripetal force is acting on it. Put some object(say a ball) on the disc. You will see the ball move radially outward. You may think that there is some force, which moves the ball outward. This force is called as centrifugal force. But this is not a real force. If it is not real, then how does it cause the ball to move outward?

    To know the answer, consider the part of the disc on which the ball is kept. This part experiences centripetal acceleration radially inward because of centripetal force. The ball does not experience this force. This is why compared to this part of the disc, the ball tends to move outward. The friction between the ball and the disc tries to stop the ball from moving outward. But, if the acceleration of the ball, caused by the friction is less than the centripetal acceleration on the part of the disc, then the friction is not sufficient to stop the ball from moving outward.

    To understand it better, consider an analogy. Suppose I am in a car, which is moving at constant velocity. I take my hand outside and drop some object. Neglecting air drag, I will see the object just below where I dropped it. But if the car's speed is increasing, then the car will move ahead and the object will be behind. It is important to note that there is no real force on the object, because of which it fell back. The real force is on the car, because of which the car accelerates. This is why, when seen from the car, it seems as if the ball fell back. To explain this, we assume some force on the object if we are observing the object's motion from the car's frame. In reality, this force does not exist. But we assume this force to study the object's motion in car's frame, which is a non-inertial frame. This force is a pseudo force.

    Likewise, there is no real force on the ball because of which it moves out. In reality, force exists on the disc and this force is centripetal, i.e. radially inward. Therefore, if we study the ball's motion in the disc's frame of reference, then we assume a radially outward force on the ball. This force, which is fictitious(or pseudo) is called as centrifugal force.

  2. Posted · Report reply

     

    just like a child sitting on a carousel is not forced towards the center of the carousel but towards the outside.

     

    In my previous post, I already talked about centrifugal force. The child is forced towards the outside with respect to the carousel. This means that we have to fix the frame of reference on the carousel. The carousel is rotating; which means it is non-inertial frame of reference. Therefore, we apply pseudo force radially outward. This pseudo force is centrifugal force. Because of this centrifugal force, the child is forced outside. I already talked about centrifugal force in my previous post.

  3. Posted · Report reply

     

    It's true that, due to it's rotation, there are centripetal forces being exerted upon the earth's surface (and below). However, if those forces were greater than the force of gravity due the mass of the Earth, we would all have been flung into space long ago. Also note that, due to the relationship between linear and angular velocity, the centripetal forces at the surface of the Earth are far greater than those near the core (at the center of rotation, there are *no* centripetal forces).

    Let me tell something about centripetal and centrifugal forces. In a given frame of reference, if some object moves in a circular path with constant speed, then the force is towards the center of the path. That force is called as centripetal force. If the speed is not constant, then we can find a component of the total force towards the center. That component is called as centripetal force.

    To give an example, Earth is rotating. Take an object on the surface of the Earth. That object is rotating in a circular path. The object experiences force of gravity from Earth.

    Case A: If the object is on equator, then the gravity is towards Earth's center and the object is also rotating in a circular path whose center is Earth's center. In this case, the force of gravity on the object is itself the centripetal force on the object.

    Case B: If the object is not on equator, then gravity is towards the center of the Earth, but the center of the path is some other point. In this case, find the component of the gravity towards the center of the path. That component is centripetal force.

    It is important to note that centripetal force is not an extra force. Rather, in the above example, the force of gravity itself or a component thereof, is called as centripetal force. Since centripetal force is not separate from gravity, it is meaningless to talk about what will happen if centripetal force is more than gravity. In case A, gravity itself is centripetal force. So, how can centripetal force be greater than gravity? In case B, centripetal force is a component of gravity. A component of a force can never be greater than the force itself.

     

    Now, let me talk about centrifugal force. Centrifugal force is not a real force in the sense that there is nothing that applies this force. This is a pseudo(also called fictitious force). Pseudo forces are assumed to apply Newton's laws in non-inertial frames.

    Again consider an object at some point on the surface of the Earth. If we fix the frame of reference on that point itself, then the object is at rest. But we know that it experiences centripetal force. Because of centripetal force, it should be accelerated towards the center of the path. But, its acceleration is zero. So, what to do? To solve this problem, we assume a force on the object equal in magnitude to the centripetal force but opposite to the centripetal force. Therefore, centrifugal force is radially outward, while centripetal force is radially inward. Since centrifugal force is equal in magnitude to centripetal force and since centripetal force can never be greater than gravity, therefore centrifugal force also can never be greater than gravity.

    In light of the above, please explain your following statement:-

    "However, if those forces were greater than the force of gravity due the mass of the Earth, we would all have been flung into space long ago."

    Edit:-

    I read your post again and found that perhaps you want to say something else. You have written that there is centripetal force because of rotation. This is not so. Rather some force causes rotation and we call that force as centripetal force. So, centripetal force is the cause of rotation and not the result of rotation. Your statement indicates that centripetal force is result of rotation.

    However, I do agree that if force which Earth's rotation is more than the force of gravity that an object on Earth experiences, then that object will be flung into space.

    May be this is what you also wanted to say. But I first objected because your sentence indicated something else.

  6. Posted · Report reply

    My answers are in blue. I have left one question unanswered. The question is how many years King Janamejaya’s snake-sacrifice last? As I remember from reading Mahabharata, I did not find it mentioned anywhere. I did not find it anywhere in Bhagavatam also. May be it is in some other scripture.

    If you have read it in Mahabharata, kindly let me know the verse number.

    1.)With whom did Kunti stay when the Pandavas were exiled?

    a.Vidura

    b.Dhritarastra

    c.Dushashana

    d.The Pandavas themselves

     

    2.)To whom does Yudisthira offer first worship at the Rajasuya Yajna?

    a.Bheeshma

    b.Dronacharya

    c.Krishna

    d.Kripacharya

     

    3.)With what weapon does <st1:place w:st="on">Krishna</st1:place> kill Sishupala?

    a.arrow

    b.mystical energy

    c.his club, Kaumodaki

    d.his discus, Sudarsana

     

    4.)For how many days was the Mahabharata war fought?

    a.365

    b.11

    c.1,000,000,000

    d.18

     

    5.)For how many days did Bheeshma fight as the commander of the Kaurava army?

    a.10

    b.76

    c.5

    d.3

     

    6.)Who kills Jarasandha in a wrestling challenge?

    a.Duryodhana

    b.Krishna

    c.Bhima

    d.Ghatotkacha

     

    7.)What was the name of the kingdom ruled by Jarasandha?

    a.Chedi

    b.Magadha

    c.Nishada

    d.Madras

     

    8.)Who takes Drupada prisoner at the command of Dronacharya?

    a.Arjuna

    b.Duryodhana

    c.Yudisthira

    d.Aswathama

     

    9.)Who suggests that the Pandavas be sent to Varanavata to Dhritarastra, and how did he make the real plot sound unsuspicious?

    a.Shakuni, saying there is a very proud dice player who could teach the Pandavas how to play dice there

    b.Vidura, saying that they should go on pilgrimage for their father’s sake and that on the way they could stop at Varanavata because his mother’s relative had recently moved there and Vidura needed someone to take a letter from him to her anyway

    c.Duryodhana, saying that Dhritarastra should invite them to the fun fair there which would take place soon

    d.Purochan, saying that the Pandavas needed to live in a temporary palace of their own and Varanavata would be the best place for them to stay a while and enjoy their new palace

     

    10.)What was Draupadi’s real name (not nickname or epithet)?

    a. Krishnaa

    b. Panchali

    c. Savitri

    d. Kurumaraa

     

    11.)For whom was the epithet Vasudeva used?

    a.Balarama

    b.Krishna

    c.Satyaki

    d.Sini

     

    12.)Among the sons of Pandu who were the twins?

    a.Nalakuvera and Manigriva

    b.Nara and Narayana

    c.Nakula and Sahadeva

    d.Ashwin and Ashwini

     

    13.)Who was the son of Hidimbi and Bhima?

    a.Iravan

    b.Ghatotkacha

    c.Babhruvahana

    d.Abhimanyu

     

    14.)What was the name of Dronacharya son?

    a.Kripacharya

    b.Bahlika

    c.Yuyutsu

    d.Aswathama

     

    15.)What was the name of the kingdom ruled by Drupada?

    a.Panchala

    b.Matsya

    c.Draupad

    d.Nishada

     

    16.)For how many years did King Janamejaya’s snake sacrifice last?

    a.2

    b.4

    c.12

    d.8

     

    17.)Who killed the rakshasa Kirmira?

    a.Krishna

    b.Bhima

    c.Arjuna

    d.Sahadeva

     

    18.)Who first recited the Mahabharata in public?

    a.Vyasadeva

    b.Vaishampayana

    c.Dhaumya

    d.Valmiki

     

    19.)Who was the husband of Dushala?

    a.Sishupala

    b.Karna

    c.Duryodhana

    d.Jayadratha

     

    20.)Who curses Nahusha and turns him into a python?

    a.Agastya Rsi

    b.Dhaumya Rsi

    c.Jamadagni Rsi

    d.Parvata Rsi

    None of the given options is correct. As per Mahabharata, it was Bhrigu who cursed Nahusha. Nahusha yoked Agastya to his chariot. Bhrigu, assuming a very small size, was hidden inside Agastya's matted locks. Nahusha kiccked Agastya with foot. At this, Bhrigu cursed Nahusa.

    Some scriptures say that Agastya cursed Nahusha. But the test is on Mahabharata. As per Mahabharata, Bhrigu cursed Nahusha.

     

    21.)How has the Kauravas arranged their army on the 13<sup>th</sup> day of the battle?

    a.Crow formation

    b.Circle formation

    c.Needle formation

    d.Eagle formation

     

    22.)Who was the mother of Vedavyasa?

    a.Ganga devi

    b.Saraswati devi

    c.Satyavati

    d.Ambalika

     

    23.)What was the color of the flag of Bheeshma?

    a.red

    b.green

    c.yellow

    d.white(I accept that I am not very sure about this. :( I do not remember what color I read in Mahabharata. But I remember that white color was mentioned in TV serial Mahabharata. :))

     

    24.)How does Duryodhana win Shalya over to his side?

    a.He uses Shakuni to play a dice game with him and the wager was that Shakuni come over to his side. Duryodhana then won the dice game

    b.He prepares lavish hospitality to Shalya without revealing his identity

    c.He glorifies Madri to him

    d.He uses his knowledge of illusions to make Shalya think the Kauravas were the Pandavas

     

    25.)What made Duryodhana want to give up his life after the fight with the gandharvas?

    a.The shame that the Pandavas had saved his life and he was eternally indebted to them

    b.He was suffering from too much pain from the Gandharva’s arrows

    c.He felt embarrassed that he had put the Pandavas in danger

    d.He was to scared to ask forgiveness from the Pandavas

  7. Posted · Report reply

    As per Sanskrit vocabulary, the word "Bhisma" means what I answered. Though Devvrata was given the name Bhisma for what is written in D because that also is an example of a very difficult task.

     

    Yes, you are right about question 19. I was answering for ring but I was thinking about ball. May be because I was thinking about the incident shown in B.R. Chopra's Mahabharat TV serial in which he pulls out the ball using blades of grass.:)

    But, as you said, he pulls out the ring using his arrow. I would like to have just a very small disagreement from you. He does not throw his ring after taking out the ball. Rather, he throws the ring even before he tries taking out the ball. He says that he will take out both the ball and the ring in exchange for food. (So sad, he must be very hungry.:crying2:)

    As Sambhava Parva of Mahabharat says:-

     

    The princes were very sad that the ball had gone inside the well. Dronacharya said that being kshatriyas, it was shameful for them that they were not able to take out the ball. He also said that if he was promised food, then he would take out not only the ball but also his ring. Then he threw the ring inside the well.

    Yudhisthir promised that Drona would get something, which would last him for life.

    Drona took some grass and chanted some mantra. The grass blades became weapons. He piereced the ball with one grass. With another blade, he pierced first blade and so on. This way, he made a chain. By pulling that chain, he could take out the ball.

     

    The amazed princes asked Drona to take out the ring also. Drona took up a bow an arrow. He hit the ring with the arrow and took out the ring.

    (What would happen if Dronacharya was still alive and he participated in Olympics.:idea:)

    Note:- You must already be knowing this story, but I still wrote for the benefit of those, who may not know.

  10. Posted · Report reply

    I have highlighted correct options in blue. In some places I have also put some comment.

     

    Who is the real mother of Karna?

    <u1:p></u1:p>a.Radha

    <u1:p></u1:p>b.Gandhari

    <u1:p></u1:p>c.Kunti

    <u1:p></u1:p>d.Satyavati

    <u1:p></u1:p>

    2.)What is the name of Karna’s foster mother?

    <u1:p></u1:p>a.Radha

    <u1:p></u1:p>b.Gandhari

    <u1:p></u1:p>c.Kunti

    <u1:p></u1:p>d.Satyavati

    <u1:p></u1:p>

    <u1:p></u1:p>3.)How many children did Gandhari have?

    <u1:p></u1:p>a.50

    <u1:p></u1:p>b.75

    <u1:p></u1:p>c.100

    <u1:p></u1:p>d.101 (Gandhari had 100 sons and 1 daughter Dushala, so total 101. Let me also add one more thing here. Often people say that Dhritrashtra had 100 sons. That is wrong. Gandhari had 100 sons but Dhritrashtra had 101 sons. Yuyutsu, who sided with Pandava's in Mahabharata war was not born from Gandhari. Including 1 daughter, Dhritrashtra had total 102 children.)

    <u1:p></u1:p>

    <u1:p></u1:p>4.)Where does Dronacharya go after he is insulted by King Drupada?

    <u1:p></u1:p>a.Indraprastha

    <u1:p></u1:p>b.Hastinapura

    <u1:p></u1:p>c.Dwaitavana forest

    <u1:p></u1:p>d.The ffice:smarttags" /><st1:place w:st="on"><st1:place u2:st="on">Himalayas</st1:place></st1:place>

    <u1:p></u1:p>

    <u1:p></u1:p>5.)Where was the palace in which Duryodhana wanted to burn the Pandavas?

    <u1:p></u1:p>a.Virat

    <u1:p></u1:p>b.Hastinapura

    <u1:p></u1:p>c.Varanavata

    <u1:p></u1:p>d.Khandavaprastha

    <u1:p></u1:p>

    <u1:p></u1:p>6.)What was the name of Nakula’s mother?

    <u1:p></u1:p>a.Kunti

    <u1:p></u1:p>b.Madri

    <u1:p></u1:p>c.Dushala

    <u1:p></u1:p>d.Gandhari

    <u1:p></u1:p>

    <u1:p></u1:p>7.)Who was the father of Bheeshma?

    <u1:p></u1:p>a.Santanu

    <u1:p></u1:p>b.Bahlika

    <u1:p></u1:p>c.Kripacharya

    <u1:p></u1:p>d.Dronacharya

    <u1:p></u1:p>

    <u1:p></u1:p>8.)What is the name of the word Bheeshma?

    (Do you want to know the meaning of the word "Bheeshma"? Or, do you want to know the reason for Devavrata being given the name Bheeshma. I am assuming that you are asking for meaning. As per Sanskrit, Bheeshma means one who has done something terrific or something, which is considered by others to be impossible. Therefore, I am selecting c. But if you want to know the reason, then it will be d.)

    <u1:p></u1:p>a.the son of a mighty king

    <u1:p></u1:p>b.the valiant one

    <u1:p></u1:p>c.one who has done the impossible

    <u1:p></u1:p>d.one who has taken a great/terrible oath

    <u1:p></u1:p>

    <u1:p></u1:p>9.)Whom did Ekalavya consider as his guru?

    <u1:p></u1:p>a.Kripacharya

    <u1:p></u1:p>b.Parshurama

    <u1:p></u1:p>c.Dronacharya

    <u1:p></u1:p>d.Maitreya Rsi

    <u1:p></u1:p>

    <u1:p></u1:p>10.)Who crowns Karna as the King of Anga?

    <u1:p></u1:p>a.King Dhritarastra

    <u1:p></u1:p>b.Duryodhana

    <u1:p></u1:p>c.Lord Surya, Karna’s worshipable Lord ordered Karna to rule over the <st1:place u2:st="on"><st1><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype id="_x0000_t75" coordsize="21600,21600" o:spt="75" o:preferrelative="t" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" filled="f" stroked="f"> <v:stroke joinstyle="miter"/> <v:formulas> <v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"/> <v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"/> <v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"/> <v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"/> <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"/> <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"/> <v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"/> <v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"/> <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"/> <v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"/> <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"/> <v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"/> </v:formulas> <v:path o:extrusionok="f" gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect"/> <o:lock v:ext="edit" aspectratio="t"/> </v:shapetype><v:shape id="_x0000_i1025" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="" style='width:12pt; height:12pt'> <v:imagedata src="file:///D:\DOCUME~1\VISHAR~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image001.gif" o:href="http://www.indiadivine.org/audarya/images/smilies/tongue.gif"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]-->:P<!--[endif]-->laceType w:st="on">kingdom</st1><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1026" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="" style='width:12pt;height:12pt'> <v:imagedata src="file:///D:\DOCUME~1\VISHAR~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image001.gif" o:href="http://www.indiadivine.org/audarya/images/smilies/tongue.gif"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]-->:P<!--[endif]-->laceType> of <st1><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1027" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="" style='width:12pt;height:12pt'> <v:imagedata src="file:///D:\DOCUME~1\VISHAR~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image001.gif" o:href="http://www.indiadivine.org/audarya/images/smilies/tongue.gif"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]-->:P<!--[endif]-->laceName w:st="on">Anga</st1><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1028" type="#_x0000_t75" alt="" style='width:12pt;height:12pt'> <v:imagedata src="file:///D:\DOCUME~1\VISHAR~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image001.gif" o:href="http://www.indiadivine.org/audarya/images/smilies/tongue.gif"/> </v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]-->:P<!--[endif]-->laceName></st1:place> in a dream

    <u1:p></u1:p>d.King Drupada

    <u1:p></u1:p>

    <u1:p></u1:p>11.)Who was the husband of Dushala?

    <u1:p></u1:p>a.Jayadratha

    <u1:p></u1:p>b.Sishupala

    <u1:p></u1:p>c.Yudisthira

    <u1:p></u1:p>d.Bhima

    <u1:p></u1:p>

    <u1:p></u1:p>12.)Who offered poisoned sweets to Bhima when he was young?

    <u1:p></u1:p>a.Dushashana

    <u1:p></u1:p>b.Vikarna

    <u1:p></u1:p>c.Duryodhana

    <u1:p></u1:p>d.Shakuni

    <u1:p></u1:p>

    <u1:p></u1:p>13.)Who sends the man to dig a tunnel in the shellac palace at Varanavata fearing that something unwanted may happen to the Pandavas?

    <u1:p></u1:p>a.Karna

    <u1:p></u1:p>b.Vikarna

    <u1:p></u1:p>c.Duryodhana

    <u1:p></u1:p>d.Vidura

    <u1:p></u1:p>

    <u1:p></u1:p>14.)Who is the brother of Draupadi?

    <u1:p></u1:p>a.Duryodhana

    <u1:p></u1:p>b.Dhristadhyumna (Shikhandi was also Draupadi's brother. Shikhandi was born as a female but a spirit turned her into a male.)

    <u1:p></u1:p>c.Kripacharya

    <u1:p></u1:p>d.Kritavarma

    <u1:p></u1:p>

    <u1:p></u1:p>15.)Who came to Draupadi’s rescue when she was being disrobed in the Kaurava court?

    <u1:p></u1:p>a.Lord Rama

    <u1:p></u1:p>b.Lord Surya

    <u1:p></u1:p>c.Lord <st1:place w:st="on">Krishna</st1:place>

    <u1:p></u1:p>d.Lord Agni

    <u1:p></u1:p>

    <u1:p></u1:p>16.)Why is Arjuna called Partha?

    <u1:p></u1:p>a.Because he is the son of Pritha or Kunti

    <u1:p></u1:p>b.Because he is handsome therefore the word pretty has been derived from Pritha

    <u1:p></u1:p>c.His chariot had a unique partition therefore today we know the word pretty has been derived from Partha

    <u1:p></u1:p>d.That was <st1:place u2:st="on">Krishna</st1:place>’s favorite name for him

    <u1:p></u1:p>

    <u1:p></u1:p>17.)For how many days was Dronacharya the commander of the Kaurava army?

    <u1:p></u1:p>a.2

    <u1:p></u1:p>b.7

    <u1:p></u1:p>c.3

    <u1:p></u1:p>d.5(Bhisma fell on 10th day. On 11th day, Drona became commander. Drona died on 15th day. Thus he was commander for total 5 days (11,12,13,14,15).

    <u1:p></u1:p>

    <u1:p></u1:p>18.)Who was the charioteer of Karna when he assumed command of the Kaurava army?

    <u1:p></u1:p>a.Adiratha, his father

    <u1:p></u1:p>b.<st1:place u2:st="on">Krishna</st1:place>

    <u1:p></u1:p>c.Shalya

    <u1:p></u1:p>d.Bhurisrava

    <u1:p></u1:p>

    <u1:p></u1:p>19.)With what instrument does Dronacharya take out the ring in the well?

    <u1:p></u1:p> a.blades of grass(He threw a blade of grass, chanted a mantra because of which the blade of grass became like a spear and attached itself to the ring. Then Dronacharya pulled out the ring with the help of that grass-blade.)

    <u1:p></u1:p> b.an arrow

    <u1:p></u1:p>c.a Bramastra

    <u1:p></u1:p>d.a mace

    <u1:p></u1:p>

    <u1:p></u1:p>20.)Once, when the Pandavas had gone on a hunting expedition, who stopped their barking of their dog and how?

    <u1:p></u1:p>a.Bhima, by roaring so loudly that the dog stopped in his tracks and fainted on the ground

    <u1:p></u1:p>b.Arjuna, by killing the dog

    <u1:p></u1:p>c.Ekalavya, by sealing the dog’s mouth shut by arrows

    <u1:p></u1:p>d.<st1:place u2:st="on">Krishna</st1:place>, by touching the dog with his flute

    <u1:p></u1:p>

    <u1:p></u1:p>21.) What disguise did the Pandavas wear when they went to the Swayamvara of Draupadi?

    <u1:p></u1:p>a.Brahmanas (Note: I have noticed some people saying sanyasis. But Mahabharata says brahmanas. Moreover, the same person can be both a sanyasi and a brahmana. But sanyasis did not take part in swyamvaras. Therefore, it is better to say that Pandavas disguised as brahmanas.)

    <u1:p></u1:p>b.Sanyasis

    <u1:p></u1:p>c.Snatakas

    <u1:p></u1:p>d.Potters

    <u1:p></u1:p>

    <u1:p></u1:p>22.)What was the real name (not nickname or epithet) of Bheeshma?

    <u1:p></u1:p>a.Gangeya

    <u1:p></u1:p>b.Brahmacari

    <u1:p></u1:p>c.Devavrata

    <u1:p></u1:p>d. Satyeya

    <u1:p></u1:p>

    <u1:p></u1:p>23.)Who killed Jayadratha in the Mahabharata War?

    <u1:p></u1:p>a.Bhima

    <u1:p></u1:p>b.Karna

    <u1:p></u1:p>c.Satyaki

    <u1:p></u1:p>d.Arjuna

    <u1:p></u1:p>

    <u1:p></u1:p>24.)Why did Gandhari keep her eyes covered with a piece of cloth?

    <u1:p></u1:p>a.she hated to see the bad sights of the world and to prevent that from happening at any moment, she always kept her eyes covered

    <u1:p></u1:p>b.her husband, Dhritarastra, was blind and she did not want to place herself in a superior position than him

    <u1:p></u1:p>c.to show she was not lusty

    <u1:p></u1:p>d.she did not want to look upon the beautiful sights of the world which would make her uninterested in spiritual life

    <u1:p></u1:p>

    <u1:p></u1:p>25.)Who was the charioteer of Arjuna in the Mahabharata war?

    <u1:p></u1:p>a.Satyaki

    <u1:p></u1:p>b.Dhristadhyumna

    <u1:p></u1:p>c.<st1:place u2:st="on">Krishna</st1:place>

    <u1:p></u1:p>d.Abhimanyu

    <u1:p></u1:p>

  16. Posted · Report reply

    Sikhs believe that Rama is one name of God. But they do not believe that Ramachandra was God. According to them the only similarity between Rama(God) and king Rama(son of Dashrath) is that they have same names. But similarity ends here. Suppose my neighbours name is Rama. His name is Rama but he is not God. Likewise Sikhs say that Rama is one name of God but this Rama is not the same as son of Dashrath. According to Sikhs, son of Dashrath was an ordinary human being just like my neighbour is an ordinary human being. Sikhs believe God never incarnates. They believe God is formless.

     

    It is true that most Hindus believe Rama and Krishna to be God incarnates and also the supreme Truth. But Sikhs do not believe in incarnation.

  17. Posted · Report reply

    There is a difference. Hindus say that Ramachandra was human but not ordinary human; rather God who incarnated as human.

    According to Sikhs, Ramachandra is just ordinary human (no incarnation). Let me give an analogy. At present there are many people with names Rama, Gopala, Krishna etc. We do not consider them as God. Likewise Sikhs do not consider Ramachandra as God.

  18. Posted · Report reply

    Sikhs use the word Rama in both senses. In some verses in Guru Granth Sahib, Rama has been used to mean king Rama (son of Dashrath). But here Rama is not glorified; rather he has been treated as a human being.

     

    In some other verses Rama is used to mean God i.e. Supreme. But this Rama is different from Ramachandra(son of Dashrath).

  20. Posted · Report reply

    <center>Creation of various kinds of beings</center> (Source:- Srimad Bhagavat Mahapuran)

    The material universe is temporary while spritual universe is eternal. Material universe has 14 parts called lokas. One of them is Bhu i.e. Earth where we live.(Some say that what we call as Earth is only a part of entire Bhu lok). There are seven lokas below Earth:-

    Atal, Vital, Sutal, Talatal, Rasatal, Mahatal, Patal.

     

    There are six locas above Earth:-

    Bhuvar, Suvar, Mahar, Jan, Tap, Satya.

    Lord Brahma lives in Satya lok.

     

    Time is not the same in all lokas. Below, one year as measured on Earth is written as Earth year. Please note that 1 Earth year = 360 day nights and not 365 or 366. This is because in scriptures of Hinduism, one year equals 360 day nights.

     

    There are 4 yugs. Their durations in Earth years are as given below:-

    Satya yug(also called Krit yug) - 1,728,000

    Treta yug - 1,296,000

    Dwapar yug - 864,000

    Kali yug - 432,000

    ___

    Total - 4,320,000

     

    One revolution of the four yugs is called one Maha yug or one Divya yug. So, one Maha yug equals 4,32,000 Earth years.

    One day of Brahma equals 1000 Maha yugs i.e. 4.32 billion Earth years. His one night is of the same duration.

     

    When Brahma's night arrives, then he sleeps. At that time except the top four i.e. Mahar, Jan, Tap, Satya, the other ten lokas are destroyed. When Brahms's 100 years are over then all the 14 lokas i.e. the entire material universe is destroyed and Brahma's life is over. After 100 years are over, then the start of the next day, another Brahma comes and creates all the 14 lokas.

    In between on any new day, Brahma creates 10 lokas which were destroyed the previous night.

     

    Out of the 100 years of the present Brahma, 50 years are already over. The 1st day of his 51st year is going on. One day of Brahma is called as kalp. Let us go through creation in the current day of Brahma:-

     

    In the beginning of his current day, Brahma got up. He came out of a lotus flower coming out of Lord Vishnu's navel. He created four sons from his mind. They are called as Kumar brothers and their names are Sanak Kumar, Sanand Kumar, Sanatan Kumar and Sanat Kumar. In spite of being very old, they always look like children. But they are highly knowledgeable. They were not interested in family life. Not only that, they were not interested in any material pleasures. So, they did not have children.

     

    Brahma created following sages: -

    Marichi, Atri, Angira, Pulastya, Pulah, Kratu, Bhrigu, Vashishth, Daksh, Narad, Kardam.

    Brahma thought that this was not sufficient to have enough population in the world. In order for population to sustain, he needed to create both male and female. He projected another body just like himself. That body divided into two parts - male and female. Male was named Swyambhuv and female was named Shatrupa.

     

    Swyambuv and Shatrupa became husband and wife. Swyambhuv and Shatrupa had two sons Priyavrat and Uttanpad and three daughters Akuti, Devhuti, Prasuti.

     

    Akuti married Ruchi, Devhuti married Kardam, Prasuti married Daksh. Kardam and Daksh were created by Brahma. (If I remember reading correctly, then Marichi created Ruchi from his mind but I am not sure. Somebody help me here.) Marichi was created by Brahma. The descendants of the five children of Swyambhuv filled the world with population. This is why Swyambhuv was given the tile of Manu, which means father of mankind. In one day of Brahma there are 14 manus. Swyambhuv was the first manu. At present, there is seventh manu named Sraddhadev; he is also called Vaivasvat Manu because he is the son of Sun god Vivasvan.Before Akuti's marriage to Ruchi, Akuti's father Swyambhuv Manu said that Swyambhuv himself would raise the first male child of Ruchi and Akuti.

    Ruchi and Akuti had a son named Yagya and a daughter named Dakshina. Yajna got the post of Lord Indra at that time i.e. in the time of Swyambhuv Manu. During different manus, there are different Indras. Yajna was partial incarnation of Vishnu and Dakshina was partial incarnation of Laxmi. As had been agreen upon, Swambhuv brought Yajna to his home while Dakshina remained with Ruchi. When Yajna and Dakshina grew up, they married each other. This is one instance of brother-sister marriage.

     

    Yajna and Dakshina had 12 sons. They all became gods. As mentioned earlier, Yajna himself became Indra i.e. king of gods.

     

    Kardam and Devhuti had nine daughters and one son. The son was sage Kapil who was an incarnation of Vishnu. The nine daughters were

    Kala, Ansuya, Shraddha, Havirbhu, Gati, Kriya, Arundhati(also called Urja), Chitti, Khyati.

     

    Kala married Marichi. They had one son Kashyap and one daughter Punima.

    Ansuya married Atri and gave birth to Som, Dattatreya and Durvasa. Som became moon god. Dattatreya and Durvasa became sages. Som was part of Brahma, Dattatreya was part of Vishnu and Durvasa was part of Shiv.

    Shraddha married Angira and gave birth to four daughters and two sons. One son Brihaspati was a great scholar and he became the guru of gods.

    Havirbhu married Pulastya and gave birth to two very famous sages Agasyta and Vishrava.

    Gati married Pulah and gave birth to three great sages.

    Kriya married Kratu and gave birth to sixty thousand great sages.

    Arundhati married Vashishth and gave birth to seven great sages, the eldest of whom was Chitraketu, who was a great devotee of Vishnu.

    Chitti married Atharv and gave birth to a son named Ashwashir.

    Khyati married Bhrigu and had two sons and one daughter.

    Thus the nine daughters of Kardam married sages created by Lord Brahma.

     

    Daksh had thousands of sons. Following Narad's suggestion, they became renunciates and did not have any children. After that Daksh had 60 daughters who married sages and gods. One daughter Sati married Lord Shiv.

    Seventeen daughters of Daksh married sage Kashyap. These seventeen were mothers of majority of living beings and gave births to various kinds of beings - gods, demons, gandharvas, apsaras, animals, birds, snakes.

  21. Posted · Report reply

    Kashyap had different wives, who were daughters of Daksh. From different wives, different kinds of beings were born-birds, animals, snakes, gods, demons etc.

    Kashyap was the son of Marichi and Kala. Brahma created Marichi from his mind. Kala was Kardam and Devhuti's daughter. Brahma created Kardam. Devhuti was the daughter of Swyambhuv Manu and Shatrupa.

    Swyambhuv Manu and Shatrupa were created from Brahma's body.

  23. Posted · Report reply

    One example of name Rama existing before Ramachandra is Parashu Rama.

    Hindus say that Ramachandra was the son of Dashrath. They also use name Rama to mean God. They say that both are same in the sense that God incarnated on Earth as Ramachandra. Likewise Krishna is God and also Krishna is son of Vasudev and Devki. Hindus say that both Krishna's mean the same.

     

    But when Sikhs talk about Ramachandra(Dashrath's son) and Krishna(Vasudev's son), then they mean ordinary human beings. When they use the names Rama and Krishna to refer to God, then they mean the Supreme, who is different from Dashrath's son and Vasudev's son.

  24. Posted · Report reply

    The name Rama definitely existed even before Lord Rama(son of Kaushalya) was born. But let us see what Sikhs believe.

    Sikhs use the words Rama, Krishna etc. to refer to God. But by Rama, Krishna, they do not mean Rama, Krishna who incarnated as human beings. By these words, they simply mean God just like we use words like Bhagvan, Ishvar, Parmatma etc. to refer to God.

    Sikhs do not believe in incarnation.

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