Marketing Milk and Disease (Crohn's)

[Guest guest]

Marketing Milk and Disease (Crohn's)

JoAnn Guest

Dec 03, 2004 09:58 PST

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Thank you, Dr. McDougall!

 

Marketing Milk and Disease

 

Each year, just as white strawberry blossoms transform into

tiny green berries, and as Spring days grow longer and warmer,

the milk industry declares June to be: " National Dairy Month. "

 

This year, America's most respected physician, Dr.

John McDougall, honors the milk marketers with his own

very special tribute. I enjoy receiving Dr. McDougall's

Internet newsletter. You can too. To , go to:

http://www.drmcdougall.com

___________

 

Marketing Milk and Disease by John McDougall, MD

------------------------

The Dairy Industry is really big business, with sales of

over $11 billion for milk and $16 billion for cheese

annually in the USA alone, so you might expect hard line

marketing from them, but would you expect them to

aggressively sell their products if they were known to be

harmful to people, especially to women and children?

 

The Dairy Management Inc., whose purpose is to build demand

for dairy products on behalf of America's 80,000-plus dairy

producers, has just released the Dairy Checkoff 2003 Unified

Marketing Plan (UMP) with a budget of $165.7 million. (1)

 

The United Marketing Plan explains, " This ongoing program

area (referring to the section Dairy Image/Confidence) aims

to protect and enhance consumer confidence in dairy products

and the dairy industry.

A major component involves conducting and communicating the results of

dairy nutrition research showing the healthfulness of dairy products, as

well as issues and crisis management. "

(1)(Most likely, I fall under the heading of " issues and crisis

management. " )

 

A significant portion of the money from the 2003 Unified

Marketing Plan is specifically targeted to children ages 6

to 12 and their mothers. The goal is " to guide school-age

children to become life-long consumers of dairy products,

2003 activities will target students, parents, educators and

school foodservice professionals. " (1)

(Similar words and intentions have been attributed to the tobacco

industry.)

 

All this marketing is working, too: annual fluid milk

consumption among kids 6 to 12 increased to 28 gallons per

capita, the highest level in 10 years. Children under 18

drink 46% of the milk consumed in the USA.

 

Realize that when I say milk in this article, I'm also

implicating all dairy products that are made from milk:

 

non-fat milk, low-fat milk, buttermilk, cheeses, cottage

cheese, yogurt, ice cream, whey and butter.

 

All of them share a similar nutritional profile (plus or

minus the fat, protein, and sugar), and as a result, all

of them contribute to a wide range of health problems.

 

Will the UMP Inform You of the Contamination?

E. Coli, AIDS and Leukemia Viruses?

 

Last month I left you with some very disturbing facts

about the contamination of milk with loads of bacteria

and millions of white blood cells (pus cells) which are

there to help fight off the infections found in cows and

milk (see the April 2003 Newsletter found at

http://www.drmcdougall.com).

 

Will the 2003 Unified Marketing Plan specify money to

inform you of this upsetting information? You will never

see an advertisement with a famous movie star proudly

wearing a white mustache, properly labeled as containing

300,000 white blood cells and 25,000 bacteria.

 

Dairy products were the foods most often recalled by the

U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) from the period

October 1, 1993 through September 30, 1998 because of

contamination with infectious agents, mostly bacteria. (2)

 

They are commonly tainted with disease-causing bacteria,

such as salmonella, staphylococci, listeria, deadly E. coli

O1573

 

and Mycobacterium paratuberculosis

(possibly one of the agents causing Crohn's disease;

a form of life-threatening chronic colitis),

 

as well as viruses known to cause lymphoma and leukemia-like diseases,

and immune deficiency in cattle.

 

AIDS and Leukemia Viruses

 

Dairy cattle are infected with bovine immunodeficiency

viruses (BIV) and bovine leukemia viruses (BLV), worldwide.

(Bovine immunodeficiency viruses can also be properly

referred to as bovine AIDS viruses.)

 

In the United States, results show an average 40% of beef

herds and 64% of dairy herds are infected with BIV. (5)

 

In Canada (6-7), the infection rate is 70% and in Argentina

( the rate is 84% for BLV.

 

Herds infected with the BIV are usually infected with the

leukemia virus (BLV) also. (5)

 

Both viruses can cross species lines thus infecting other

animals, like sheep, goats, and chimpanzees – and they

develop disease. (5)

 

Nationwide and worldwide, leukemia is more common in the

higher dairy consuming populations. (9,10)

 

An increased incidence of leukemia has been found among

dairy farmers in multiple studies. (11-14)

 

BIV infection has been reported in a person. (15)

 

The bovine leukemia virus has been classified in the same

group as the

 

Human T-cell Leukemia/Lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1),

which is known to cause leukemia and lymphomas in humans

 

(Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma). (16)

 

BIV is structurally and genetically closely related to

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type-1 (the virus causing

human AIDS). (17)

 

Pasteurization kills many types of microorganisms, but it is

not foolproof.

 

There is also concern that pasteurization may break the viruses into

fragments that may become even more dangerous. (1

 

Has it been shown that the bovine AIDS and/or leukemia viruses

will infect you and cause disease? No.

Nor has it been proved that they will not.

 

Compared to the efforts to try to convince you of the bone-building

benefits of milk, almost nothing has been spent to establish whether or

not it is safe to feed your family dairy products teeming with bovine

immunodeficiency and

bovine leukemia viruses (and/or viral fragments).

 

Some countries take this matter very seriously. For example, in many

European countries, health officials have conducted programs to

eradicate infected herds;

 

Finland' program has successfully eradicated

BLV from its cattle. (19)

 

If you live in a region with a high incidence of herd infection

with these viruses you can be pretty sure you will be consuming

dairy products containing whole viruses or fragments of these

viruses, since the milk from many dairy farms is mixed in large

vats at the dairy factory before processing and packaging.

 

 

Since the industry will not act responsibly in many countries,

consumers are left with one choice: eliminate all dairy

products from their diet.

 

If eliminating dairy products would prevent even a small risk of human

disease, it would be well worthwhile, especially since, as you learned

in the April 2003

McDougall Newsletter, they are completely unnecessary for

excellent health.

 

Will the UMP Market the Pain and Suffering Caused Children?

 

The Dairy Management Inc. has specifically targeted children

in their campaign. (1) This will raise no public concern,

because most people consider cow's milk the healthiest of all

food choices, especially when it comes to children.

 

Over 25% of children are overweight in Western countries and cow's milk,

cheese, yogurt, ice cream, butter, and sour cream, with all

their fat and calories, contribute greatly to this deadly

epidemic.

 

Many of these overweight children are now developing

type-2 diabetes. However, the most common variety of diabetes

found in children is still type-1 or insulin dependent

diabetes (IDDM).

 

Type-1 Diabetes

 

The evidence incriminating cow's milk consumption in the cause

of type-1 diabetes is sufficient to cause the American Academy

of Pediatrics to issue these warnings,

 

" Early exposure of infants to cow's milk protein may be an important

factor in the initiation of the beta cell

 

(insulin-producing cells of the pancreas)

 

destructive process in some individuals. " (20)

 

" The avoidance of cow's milk protein for the first several months

of life may reduce the later development of IDDM or delay its

onset in susceptible people. " (20)

 

Exposure to cow's milk protein early in life, when the

intestinal tract is immature, sometimes results in the milk

protein entering the blood stream where antibodies to this

foreign substance, cow's milk, are made by the immune system.

 

 

Unfortunately, these same antibodies also attack the insulin-

producing cells of the pancreas.

 

By glassful of milk after spoonful of ice cream, over a period of about

5 to 7 years, the child destroys his or her own pancreas – and is left

 

with a lifelong, life-threatening, handicap: diabetes.

 

The pancreas is forever destroyed and the child will have to take

insulin shots daily.

 

Complications, such as blindness, kidney failure, and heart disease will

be a real threat during his or her shortened lifespan.(See my July 2002

McDougall

Newsletter for a discussion of type-1 diabetes).

 

Constipation

 

Not as life-threatening as diabetes, but for some as mentally

and physically distressing, is chronic constipation.

As a doctor who has cared for hundreds of children, I can tell you they

suffer

with pain, bleeding, hemorrhoids, and embarrassment. The causal

effects of cow’s milk were clearly demonstrated in a study of 65

severely constipated children published in the New England Journal

of Medicine. (21)

 

These boys and girls complained of only one bowel movement every

3 to 15 days and many didn't even respond to strong laxatives

(lactulose and mineral oil).

 

Forty-four of the 65 (68%) found relief of their constipation when

taken off the cow's milk.

 

Evidence of inflammation of the bowel was found on biopsy, and

anal fissures and pain were commonly associated with the

constipation " elimination of the cow's milk solved these problems. "

 

When cow's milk was reintroduced into their diet 8 to 12 months

later, all of the children developed constipation within 5 to 10

days. For constipation alone, cow's milk should be banned from

the School Milk Programs, worldwide.

 

Rhinitis and Otitis Media

 

The multitude of snotty-nosed kids frequently visiting the

pediatrician's office for ear infections is much more obvious

than the constipated crowd, and these problems less devastating

than type-1 diabetes, but these complaints also can be due to

consuming the foreign proteins intended for calves. (22-25)

 

In addition, these same children are likely to suffer from

gastroesophageal reflux, asthma and/or eczema from their

unnatural habit of drinking cow's milk.

 

Diseases of Foreign Protein

 

Many conditions can be traced back to reactions to cow's milk.

 

Milk contains more than 25 different proteins that can induce

adverse reactions in humans. (26)

 

Our immune system perceives these foreign proteins as alien invaders,

like a virus or

bacteria, and launches an attack in response, as in the case

of type-1 diabetes discussed above and many other allergic

and autoimmune diseases.

 

DISEASES CAUSED BY, OR LINKED TO, DAIRY PROTEINS

 

General: Loss of appetite, growth retardation.

 

Upper Gastrointestinal:

 

Canker sores (aphthous stomatitis), irritation of tongue, lips and

mouth, tonsil enlargement, vomiting, gastroesophageal reflux (GERD),

Sandifer's syndrome, peptic ulcer disease, colic, stomach cramps,

abdominal distention, intestinal obstruction, type-1 diabetes.

 

Lower Gastrointestinal:

 

Bloody stools, colitis, malabsorption, diarrhea, painful defecation,

fecal soiling, infantile colic, chronic constipation, infantile food

protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES), Crohn's disease,

ulcerative colitis.

 

Respiratory:

 

Nasal stuffiness, runny nose, otitis media (inner ear trouble),

sinusitis, wheezing, asthma, and pulmonary infiltrates.

 

Bone and joint:

 

Rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, lupus,

Beheta's disease, (possibly psoriatic arthritis and ankylosing

spondylitis).

 

Skin:

 

Rashes, atopic dermatitis, eczema, seborrhea, hives (urticaria)

 

Nervous System (Behavioral):

 

Multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, autism, schizophrenia,

irritability, restlessness, hyperactivity, headache, lethargy,

fatigue, " allergic-tension fatigue syndrome, " muscle pain,

mental depression, enuresis (bed-wetting).

 

Blood:

Abnormal blood clotting, iron deficiency anemia, low serum

proteins, thrombocytopenia, and eosinophilia.

 

Other:

 

Nephrotic syndrome, glomerulonephritis, anaphylactic shock and

death, sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS or crib or cot death),

injury to the arteries causing arteritis, and eventually,

atherosclerosis.

 

References are available through the National Library of

Medicine, http://www.nlm.nih.gov - Search cow's milk and

any of the diseases listed above.

 

All dairy products contain milk proteins, including skim milk,

yogurt, cheese, and butter, and many butter substitutes.

 

Milk proteins are listed in packaged food products with a variety of

names, such as milk solids, skim milk powder, casein, caseinates,

whey, and albumin.

 

Milk is also often put into packaged foods and not declared on the label

- this is illegal and punishable by FDA action.

 

Even with all of this disease in children the American School Food

Service Association and the dairy industry have developed a School

Milk Pilot Test to demonstrate that kids will drink more milk in

school if certain product enhancements are made. (27)

 

The result was milk sales increased by an average of 18 percent

and consumption increased by 35 percent when schools provided

flavored milks and other package enhancements. (2

 

The UMP Will Try to Deceive You about the Fattening Nature of

Dairy Foods.

 

" Independent research confirming dairy's role in weight reduction

is mounting, " said Dr. Greg Miller, senior vice president of nutrition

and scientific affairs for the Dairy Checkoff. (29)

 

" This helps to position dairy foods as part of the solution to

America's growing obesity epidemic. " And Miller added, " Informing the

public about

dairy's role in the fight against obesity will help increase

consumption of milk, cheese and yogurt, among other dairy products. "

 

Shouldn't the idea of milk acting as an " antiobesity " food

strike you as fundamentally contradictory?

 

After all, the biologic purpose of cow's milk is to provide large

amounts of energy and nutrients to grow the young animal from 60 to

600 pounds.

 

So how does milk become a weight loss product in the 21st century?

 

This idea began with the observation that underprivileged people, who

have poor diets in general, are often obese, and also consume few dairy

products. (30)

 

Some experiments that followed showed people and animals on calorie-

restricted diets lost a small amount of extra weight when

calcium or dairy foods were part of their diet.

 

The " antiobesity " effects of dairy are difficult to explain, but

may be due to calcium binding fat in the intestine, preventing its

absorption. (30)

 

A thorough search of the literature for properly designed studies

shows only one of 17 randomized studies found weight loss in people

taking calcium pills, and of the nine randomized studies where

fluid milk was added, two showed significant weight gain, and none

showed significant loss.

 

In one study funded by a grant from the International Dairy Foods

Association, 204 healthy men and women were asked to increase

their intake of skim or 1% milk by three cups a day for 12 weeks;

those consuming the extra milk gained an average of 1.32 pounds

(0.6 Kg).

 

Can you imagine what their weight gain would have

been if they had been asked to add whole milk, cheese, butter,

and ice cream to their diet, instead of skim and low-fat 1% milk?

 

The result of all this research was well summed up by one of the

dairy industry's frequent spokespersons at the Dairy Management

Inc. sponsored Symposium: Dairy Product Components and Weight

Regulation, held April 21, 2002 in New Orleans, with this statement,

 

" In conclusion, the data available from randomized trials of dairy

product or calcium supplementation provide little support for an

effect in reducing body weight or fat mass. "

 

Yet the consumer will hear from Dr. Miller and the rest of the

industry, eat more dairy products and you will lose weight.

 

Dairy products are loaded with fats that are easily stored under

your skin as " body fat. " The fats in the cold glass of milk, the

little bite of cheese, and that small bowl of ice cream will move

from your lips to your hips effortlessly.

 

In fact, it moves with so little effort that the chemical structure of

the fat isn't even changed.

 

Cow's milk contains a unique kind of fat with double

bonds located at the C-15 and C-17 position on the fat's carbon

chain.

 

Examination of a person's fatty (adipose) tissues following

a biopsy will show the amount of this kind of fat present, which

will be in direct proportion to the amount of dairy products

the person consumes. (33)

 

All that fat the dairy industry asks us to eat is associated with

higher risks of heart disease, diabetes, hypertension, and breast,

prostate, uterine and colon cancer.

 

Yet, as a marketing scheme,

the dairy industry has teamed up with the National Medical

Association to write articles about " the role of dairy in helping

reduce the risk of heart disease, hypertension, and other serious

health issues. " (34)

 

The National Medical Association promotes the collective interests

of physicians and patients of African descent. Please explain to me

how this association came about when the vast majority of people of

African descent (80% to 90%) cannot drink milk because of lactose

intolerance; causing them diarrhea, stomach cramps and gas. (35)

 

Not only is this dairy fat unattractively worn and a health

hazard, but it is also a source of large quantities of

environmental chemicals, like dioxins and DDT, that affect your

health and the health of a mother's offspring during pregnancy

and nursing. (36)

 

One reason a young girl needs to start thinking

about a healthier diet early is because the accumulation of these

chemicals in her own body fat occurs over her entire lifetime.

 

The UMP Will Try to Confuse You about Bone Health and Animal Protein

 

Osteoporosis is caused by several factors; however, the most

important one is diet; especially the amount of animal protein

and acid in the foods we eat.

 

The high acid foods are

meat, poultry, fish, seafood, and hard cheeses, parmesan cheese

is the most acidic of all foods commonly consumed. " (40)

 

Once consumed, this food-derived acid must be neutralized in the

body.

 

Fruits and vegetables can do this neutralizing (these foods

are alkaline in nature).

 

However, because the diet of the average Westerner is so deficient in

fruits and vegetables and so high in acid foods, the primary neutralizer

of dietary acid becomes their

bones.

 

The bones dissolve to release alkaline materials.

 

Worldwide, the highest rates of hip fractures are among populations

that consume the most animal food (including dairy products) like

people from the USA, Canada, Norway, Sweden, Australia, New Zealand,

etc. (41,42)

 

The lowest rates are among people who eat little or no

dairy foods (these people are on lower calcium diets) like people

from rural Asia and rural Africa. (41,42)

 

The basic experiments published in the 1980s clearly show protein

causes bone loss, and calcium offers little or no protection. (43)

 

 

Even the foremost scientists hired by the dairy industry know protein is

harmful to the bones.

 

(44) In my April 2003 Newsletter I explained there was only one properly

designed study testing the effects of

fluid milk on the bone health of postmenopausal women, and the results

were: those who received the extra milk for a year lost more bone than

those who didn't drink the milk. (44)

 

The authors, funded by the

National Dairy Council, explained in their paper, " The protein content

of the milk supplement may have a negative effect on calcium balance,

possibly through an increase in kidney losses of calcium or through a

direct effect on bone resorption. "

 

Trying to explain why those

receiving the milk were in worse calcium balance, they said, " this

may have been due to the average 30 percent increase in protein

intake during milk supplementation. "

 

Unfortunately, all this damning information does not sit well with

the powerful dairy industry, so they have started the " 3-A-Day of

Dairy " program to battle the calcium crisis in America by promoting

milk, cheese and yogurt for " stronger bones " and they have been busy

doing their own research to prove protein is good for the bones.

(45-4

 

Regrettably for them, their designing means were just revealed

in the May 2003 issue of the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.

 

(49) The article in this journal exposed the way they made the

results show protein is good for the bones.

 

To devise research

that appears to contradict hundreds of articles published over

the past 35 years, you only have to provide sufficient alkaline

material in the diet of the people being studied to neutralize

the acid from the animal foods.

 

This was accomplished by

studying populations that have diets high in neutralizing fruits

and vegetables; the other approach employed was to add a strong

alkali source to the experiment, such as an antacid pill (wafer),

calcium citrate (like Citracal).

 

Once the acid from the food is neutralized, then any bone building

factors that might be present in meat and dairy can exert their

effects.

 

High protein foods, and especially dairy foods, raise the

levels of a powerful growth-stimulating hormone in the body, called

insulin-like growth factor-1 or IGF-1.

 

Stimulation of bone growth

by this hormone is now being offered as the reason dairy products

build strong bones. It has long been necessary for them to find a

more scientifically supportable explanation, because the bulk of

the research shows the calcium in dairy foods has little or no

benefit for bone health. (50-52)

 

The UMP Will Not Promote the Fact that IGF-1 is a Powerful

Cancer Promoter

 

Consumption of animal products increases the levels of

insulin-like growth factor-1 in your body. However, modern

dairy technology has made dairy products an even more potent

source of this growth stimulant.

 

Since 1985, U.S. dairy

farmers have been allowed to inject cows with recombinant bovine

growth hormone (rbGH), a genetically engineered bovine growth

hormone that increases milk production. RbGH treatment produces

an increase in IGF-1 in cow's milk, by as much as 10-fold. (53,54)

 

IGF-1 is not destroyed by pasteurization. (53) The overall effect

is that milk seems to raise IGF-1 levels in people more than any

other component of our diet. (55)

 

The direct evidence of the effects of cow's milk on IGF-1 levels

in people has been provided by the dairy industry's own efforts.

 

 

Two recent studies, one on adolescent girls and the other on

post-menopausal women, showed increasing milk consumption actually

raises

plasma levels of IGF-1 in the person's body by an average of 10%.

(56,57)

 

Their take on this is, " this is a beneficial effecT " because IGF-1

stimulates bone growth. But, the actual lasting consequences should

deliver the final deathblow to dairy products: IGF-1 promotes the

growth of cancer.

 

This growth promoter has been strongly linked to

the development of cancer of the breast, prostate, lung, and colon.

(5 Excess IGF-1 stimulates cell proliferation and inhibits cell

death - two activities you definitely don't want when cancer cells

are involved. (5

 

There is more to cancer promotion by dairy foods than IGF-1. Most

dairy products are high in saturated fat - and fat is the number

one suspect when it comes to the cause of most common cancers in

Western societies (for example, breast, prostate, colon, kidney,

pancreas).

 

Recent studies have linked the sugar (lactose) and fat

in milk with ovarian cancer, (59,60) and the calcium in milk

lowers concentrations of a specific form of vitamin D that protects

against prostate cancer, raising men's overall risk. (61,62)

 

 

(See my February 2003 Newsletter for more information on diet and

prostate cancer.) Hormones (estrogens) are also involved in cancers

of reproductive organs, like breast and uterine cancer.

 

There are

several reasons dairy products raise a woman's hormone levels

causing a variety of hormone-dependent problems from early onset

of menstruation (menarche) to PMS and uterine fibroids - but one

is unique to cow's milk. Cows are milked even while they are

pregnant. As a result of the pregnancy, cows secrete high levels

of estrogen into their milk. (63)

 

Will the UMP Advertise that Dairy Is Simply Liquid Meat?

 

Red meat has become a " dirty word " when it comes to health.

At the opposite end of the spectrum of opinions on food is

cow's milk - one of the world'S most trusted foods.

 

Do you

remember the " Basic Four Food Groups? " Dairy was usually placed

first in this chart which was hung in every schoolroom (and by

no coincidence the dairy industry also provided the chart).

 

Dairy products are deficient in iron and beef is deficient in

calcium; both contain too little dietary fiber, essential fat

(linoleic acid), and vitamin C and B3 (niacin) to meet human

nutritional requirements. (64)

 

Heavy consumption of either of

these food groups - loaded with fat and cholesterol - will result

in the diseases common to affluent societies, such as obesity,

heart disease, strokes, type-2 diabetes and cancer, to name

just a few serious problems. (65)

 

If a patient bargained with me, " I'll give up only one of the

first two food groups " meat or milk " - hopes of getting well, "

my recommendation for almost all common health problems in

Western society would be, " You're likely to get the most benefits

if you give up the dairy products. "

 

1) Dairy Management Inc.

http://www.dairycheckoff.com/news/release-012403.asp

 

2) Wong S. Recalls of foods and cosmetics due to microbial

contamination reported to the U.S. Food and Drug

Administration. J Food Prot 2000 Aug;63(:1113-6

 

3) Chapman PA. Sources of Escherichia coli O157 and

experiences over the past 15 years in Sheffield, UK. Symp

Ser Soc Appl Microbiol. 2000;(29):51S-60S.

 

4) Lund BM. Pasteurization of milk and the heat resistance

of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis: a critical

review of the data. Int J Food Microbiol. 2002 Jul 25;77(1-

2):135-45.

 

5) Gonda M. Bovine immunodeficiency virus. AIDS. 1992

Aug;6(:759-76

 

6) Sargeant JM. Associations between farm management

practices, productivity, and bovine leukemia virus infection

in Ontario dairy herds. Prev Vet Med. 1997 Aug;31(3-4):211-

21.

 

7) VanLeeuwen JA,. Seroprevalence of infection with

Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, bovine

leukemia virus, and bovine viral diarrhea virus in maritime

Canada dairy cattle. Can Vet J. 2001 Mar;42(3):193-8.

 

Trono KG. Seroprevalence of bovine leukemia virus in

dairy cattle in Argentina: comparison of sensitivity and

specificity of different detection methods. Vet Microbiol.

2001 Nov 26;83(3):235-48.

 

9) Hursting SD. Diet and human leukemia: an analysis of

international data. Prev Med. 1993 May;22(3):409-22.

 

10) Howell MA. Factor analysis of international cancer

mortality data and per capita food consumption. Br J

Cancer. 1974 Apr;29(4):328-36.

 

11) Kristensen P. Incidence and risk factors of cancer

among men and women in Norwegian agriculture. Scand J Work

Environ Health. 1996 Feb;22(1):14-26.

 

12) Reif J. Cancer risks in New Zealand farmers. Int J

Epidemiol. 1989 Dec;18(4):768-74.

 

13) Blair A. Leukemia cell types and agricultural

practices in Nebraska. Arch Environ Health. 1985 Jul-

Aug;40(4):211-4.

 

14) Donham KJ. Epidemiologic relationships of the bovine

population and human leukemia in Iowa. Am J Epidemiol. 1980

Jul;112(1):80-92.

 

15)Jacobs RM. Detection of multiple retroviral infections

in cattle and cross-reactivity of bovine immunodeficiency-

like virus and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 proteins

using bovine and human sera in a western blot assay. Can J

Vet Res. 1992 Oct;56(4):353-9.

 

16) Johnson J. Molecular biology and pathogenesis of the

human T-cell leukaemia/lymphotropic virus Type-1 (HTLV-1).

Int J Exp Pathol. 2001 Jun;82(3):135-47.

 

17) Whetstone CA. Examination of whether persistently

indeterminate human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Western

immunoblot reactions are due to serological reactivity with

bovine immunodeficiency-like virus. J Clin Microbiol. 1992

Apr;30(4):764-70.

 

1 Ferrer JF. Milk of dairy cows frequently contains a

leukemogenic virus. Science. 1981 Aug 28;213(4511):1014-6.

 

19) Nuotio L. Eradication of enzootic bovine leukosis from

Finland. Prev Vet Med. 2003 May 30;59(1-2):43-9.

 

20) Work Group on Cow’s Milk Protein and Diabetes

Mellitus. Infant feeding practices and their possible

relationship to the etiology of diabetes mellitus.

Pediatrics 94:752, 1994.

 

21) Iacono G. Intolerance of cow's milk and chronic

constipation in children. N Engl J Med. 1998 Oct

15;339(16):1100-4.

 

22) Yimyaem P. Gastrointestinal manifestations of cow's

milk protein allergy during the first year of life. J Med

Assoc Thai. 2003 Feb;86(2):116-23.

 

23) Juntti H. Cow's milk allergy is associated with

recurrent otitis media during childhood. Acta Otolaryngol.

1999;119(:867-73.

 

24) Tikkanen S. Status of children with cow's milk allergy

in infancy by 10 years of age. Acta Paediatr. 2000

Oct;89(10):1174-80.

 

25) Oranje AP. Natural course of cow's milk allergy in

childhood atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome. Ann Allergy

Asthma Immunol. 2002 Dec;89(6 Suppl 1):52-5.

 

26) Bahna S. Allergies to Milk. Grune and Stratton, New

York.

 

27) School Milk Pilot Test:

http://www.nationaldairycouncil.org/lvl04/nutrilib/relresearch/pilot_test2.html

 

 

2 Results of School Milk Pilot Test:

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