Herbs for Hepatitis: Mothernature.com

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Hepatitis is a liver disease that can result from long-term alcohol

abuse, infection, or exposure to various chemicals and drugs.

Because hepatitis is potentially very dangerous, a healthcare

professional should be involved in its treatment.

 

http://www.mothernature.com/Library/Ency/index.cfm?id=1027000

 

Checklist for Hepatitis

Rating- Nutritional- Supplements- Herbs

 

Flavonoids (catechin)

Betaine (for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis)

S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) (for liver cholestasis)

Thiamine

Thymus extracts

Zinc (as zinc-L-carnosine, in combination with interferon, for

hepatitis C) Bupleurum

Licorice (intravenous glycyrrhizin)

Milk thistle

Peony

Phyllanthus

Alpha lipoic acid

Phosphatidylcholine

Selenium

Vitamin B12

Vitamin C

Vitamin E Andrographis

Astragalus

Chinese scullcap

Licorice (oral glycyrrhizin)

Picrorhiza

Reishi

Schisandra

Shiitake

 

Reliable and relatively consistent scientific data showing a

substantial health benefit.

 

 

 

What are the symptoms of hepatitis? Acute viral hepatitis varies

from a minor flu-like illness to an overwhelming infection resulting

in liver failure and death. The early phase is characterized by loss

of appetite, malaise, nausea and vomiting, and fever. Signs include

a darkening of the urine and jaundice (yellowing of the skin and

whites of the eyes). Chronic hepatitis may be asymptomatic, or may

manifest as malaise, fatigue, loss of appetite and a low-grade fever.

 

 

 

How is it treated? Acute hepatitis generally resolves without

treatment. Treatment of chronic hepatitis includes cessation of

causative drugs (e.g., alcohol). Autoimmune hepatitis is usually

treated with corticosteroids. Therapy for chronic hepatitis B and C

is evolving and may include interferon, and antiviral and immune-

modulating drugs. In the late stages of certain types of hepatitis

(not hepatitis B, generally), liver transplantation may be required

to preserve life.

 

 

 

Lifestyle changes that may be helpful: Avoiding alcohol is the most

obvious way to avoid the liver damage it causes.

 

A variety of prescription drugs can, on rare occasions, cause

hepatitis, as can large amounts of niacin or niacinamide (forms of

vitamin B3). Excessive intake of acetaminophen or other painkillers

can damage the liver, so excessive intake of these drugs should be

avoided. People with hepatitis C who failed to respond to interferon

therapy have been found to have a higher amount of iron within the

liver.1 People with hepatitis C should, therefore, avoid iron

supplements. People with any type of hepatitis should ask their

physician whether any medication they are taking poses a risk to the

liver.

 

For infectious (viral) hepatitis, good hygiene is necessary to avoid

spreading the infection. The hepatitis A virus can be spread very

easily through food that is handled by infected individuals;

therefore, people with hepatitis A should wash their hands very

carefully after using the restroom and should not handle food at

work. The hepatitis viruses B and C are both transmitted by blood

and sexual contact.

 

 

 

Nutritional supplements that may be helpful:

 

Catechin,-

a flavonoid, has helped people with acute viral hepatitis,2 as well

as individuals with chronic hepatitis,3 though not all trials have

found a benefit.4 A typical amount used in successful trials is 500–

750 mg three times per day.

Although catechin is found in several plants, none contain

sufficient amounts to reach the level used in the trials; thus,

catechin supplements are needed.

However, because of its potential to cause side effects on rare

occasions,5 catechin should be used under medical supervision.

 

Proteins from the thymus gland, an important part of the immune

system, may have a beneficial effect in people with chronic

hepatitis B.

Initial trials done in Poland used injected thymus proteins with

good results.6 Further trials using a variety of thymus extracts by

mouth have found that they can improve blood tests that measure

liver damage as well as improve immune cell numbers.7 8 Preliminary

evidence also suggests these extracts may help patients with

hepatitis C.9 The standard recommendation for supplementation is 200

mg three times per day of crude extracts or 40 mg three times per

day of purified proteins.

 

S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe)

(1,600 mg/day orally or 800 mg/day intravenously) has been shown to

aid in the resolution of blocked bile flow (cholestasis), a common

complication of chronic hepatitis.10 11

 

Taking 3 grams per day of phosphatidylcholine (found in lecithin)

was found to be beneficial in one investigation of people with

chronic hepatitis B.12 Signs of liver damage on biopsy were

significantly reduced in this trial.

 

 

 

Vitamin E-

levels have been shown to be low in people with hepatitis,13 as well

as in those who later develop liver cancer from long-standing

hepatitis.14 Vitamin E levels in the liver may also be decreased in

some people with hepatitis.15 In a controlled trial of individuals

with hepatitis B, 600 IU of vitamin E per day for nine months

resulted in all signs of hepatitis disappearing in five of twelve

people.16 In a preliminary trial of adults with hepatitis C,

administering 1,200 IU per day of vitamin E for eight weeks appeared

to reduce liver damage to some extent.17 In a preliminary trial of

people with hepatitis C, 544 IU of vitamin E per day for 24 weeks

improved the response to interferon/antioxidant therapy, although

the results did not reach statistical significance.18 However, in

children with viral hepatitis, daily injections of vitamin E (300

IU) for seven days did not produce any benefit.19

 

Vitamin C -

in the amount of 2 grams or more per day was reported in a

preliminary trial to prevent hepatitis infection in individuals

receiving blood transfusions.20 This report was followed up by a

double-blind trial, in which 3.2 grams per day of vitamin C was

reported to have no protective effect against post-transfusion

hepatitis.21 (However, in the latter trial, vitamin C actually

reduced the incidence of hepatitis by 29%, although this reduction

was not statistically significant.) An older trial suggested that

injections of vitamin C may be helpful in treating viral hepatitis.22

 

A potent antioxidant combination may protect the liver from damage

in people with hepatitis C, possibly decreasing the necessity for a

liver transplant. In a preliminary trial,23 three people with liver

cirrhosis and esophageal varices (dilated veins in the esophagus

that can rupture and cause fatal bleeding) caused by hepatitis C

received a combination of--

 

Alpha lipoic acid (300 mg twice daily), silymarin (from milk

thistle; 300 mg three times daily), and selenium (selenomethionine;

200 mcg twice daily).

 

After five to eight months of therapy that included

other " supportive supplements, " such as vitamin C and B vitamins,

all three people had significant improvements in their liver

function and overall health. Larger clinical trials are needed to

confirm these promising preliminary results.

 

Vitamin B12-

(with or without folic acid) has been reported in trials from the

1950s to help some people with hepatitis.24 25 Vitamin B12

injections are likely to be more beneficial than oral

administration, though 1,000 mcg (taken orally) each day can also be

supplemented.

 

In a preliminary report, three patients with chronic hepatitis B had

an improvement in the severity of their hepatitis after taking 100

mg of thiamine (vitamin B1) per day.26

 

In a preliminary trial, supplementation with betaine (20 grams per

day) for 12 months improved signs of liver inflammation in seven

patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, a type of liver

inflammation. No significant side effects were seen.27

 

Supplementation with 17 mg of zinc twice a day (in the form of a

zinc complex of L-carnosine) enhanced the response to interferon

therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C, in a preliminary

trial.28 It is not known whether this benefit was due primarily to

the zinc or the carnosine, or whether other forms of zinc would have

the same effect.

 

Are there any side effects or interactions? Refer to the individual

supplement for information about any side effects or interactions.

 

 

 

Herbs that may be helpful:

 

Silymarin, the flavonoid extracted from milk thistle, has been

studied for treating all types of liver disease. The standard amount

used in most trials has delivered 420 mg of silymarin per day. For

acute hepatitis, double-blind trials have shown mixed results.29 30

A preparation of silymarin and phosphatidylcholine was reported to

help sufferers of chronic viral hepatitis. One small preliminary

trial found that at least 420 mg of silymarin was necessary each

day.31 A controlled trial found that silymarin decreased liver

damage.32 One trial has suggested that silymarin may be more

effective for hepatitis B as opposed to hepatitis C.33

 

Recent findings have shown that silymarin has the ability to block

fibrosis, a process that contributes to the eventual development of

cirrhosis in persons with inflammatory liver conditions secondary to

alcohol abuse or hepatitis.34 While there are no published clinical

trials in people with hepatitis C to date, this action makes milk

thistle extract potentially attractive as a supportive treatment for

the condition—particularly for those that have not responded to

standard drug therapy. The effectiveness of silymarin (particularly

its antifibrotic actions) needs to be studied in larger numbers of

persons with hepatitis C to determine whether it is an effective

treatment for this condition.

 

Phyllanthus (Phyllanthus amarus), an Ayurvedic herb,-

 

has been studied primarily in carriers of the hepatitis B virus, as

opposed to those with chronic active hepatitis. In one trial,

administering this herb for 30 days appeared to eliminate the

hepatitis B virus in 22 of 37 cases (59%).35 However, other trials

have failed to confirm a beneficial effect of Phyllanthus amarus

against hepatitis B.36 37 A West Indian species, Phyllanthus

urinaria (not widely available in the United States or Europe), has

achieved much better results than Indian Phyllanthus amarus. 38

Thus, the specific plant species used may have a significant impact

on the results. The amount of phyllanthus used in clinical trials

has ranged from 900–2,700 mg per day.

 

A crude extract of red peony root-

was shown in a small, preliminary trial to reduce cirrhosis in some

people with chronic viral hepatitis.39 Other preliminary trials

published in Chinese demonstrated that red peony root was helpful

(by reducing liver enzyme levels or symptoms or both) for people

with viral hepatitis.40

 

Preliminary trials have shown that the bupleurum-containing formula

sho-saiko-to-

 

can help reduce symptoms and blood liver enzyme levels in children

and adults with chronic active viral hepatitis.41 42 43 44 Most of

theses trials were in people with hepatitis B infection, though one

preliminary trial has also shown a benefit in people with hepatitis

C.45 Sho-saiko-to was also found, in a large preliminary trial to

decrease the risk of people with chronic viral hepatitis developing

liver cancer. However, people who had a sign of recent hepatitis B

infection were not as strongly protected in this trial.46 The usual

amount of sho-saiko-to used is 2.5 grams three times daily. Sho-

saiko-to should not be used together with interferon drug therapy as

it may increase risk of pneumonitis - a potentially dangerous

inflammation in the lungs.47

 

One of the active constituents in licorice,-

glycyrrhizin, is sometimes used in Japan as an injected therapy for

hepatitis B and C.48 49 Glycyrrhizin also blocks hepatitis A virus

from replicating in test tubes.50 One preliminary trial found that

use of 2.5 grams licorice three times per day providing 750 mg

glycyrrhizin was superior to the drug inosine polyIC in helping

people with acute and chronic viral hepatitis.51 Because

glycyrrhizin can cause high blood pressure and other problems, it

should only be taken on the advice of a healthcare practitioner.

 

A series of cases of acute viral hepatitis were reported by one

group in India, showing picrorhiza,-

 

combined with a variety of minerals, to be helpful in hastening

recovery.52 A variety of similar reports have appeared in the Indian

literature over the years, although no double-blind clinical trials

have yet been published. Between 400 and 1,500 mg of powdered,

encapsulated picrorhiza per day has been used in a variety of

trials. Andrographis, another traditional Indian herb, has shown

preliminary benefit for people with chronic viral hepatitis.53

 

Preliminary human research demonstrates some efficacy for the

mushroom reishi-

 

in treating chronic hepatitis B; however, additional clinical

trials are needed.54

 

An uncontrolled trial found that shiitake formulations-

 

containing Lentinus edodes mycelium (LEM— the powdered mycelium of

the mushroom before the cap and stem grow) may help decrease blood

markers of liver inflammation.55 One marker of hepatitis B infection

in the blood (HBeAg) disappeared in 14% of the patients in this

trial. Given the preliminary nature of the research, more

information is needed to determine if LEM is effective for hepatitis.

 

Modern Chinese research suggests that compounds called lignans in

schisandra-

 

promote regeneration of liver tissue that has been damaged by

harmful influences, such as hepatitis viruses or alcohol. In a

controlled trial, Chinese patients with chronic viral hepatitis were

given 500 mg schisandra extract three times daily or liver extract

and B vitamins.56 Among those given schisandra, serum glutamic

pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) levels declined to normal levels in 68%

compared to 44% of the control group. Lower SGPT levels suggest less

liver inflammation. There was also a reduction in symptoms such as

insomnia, fatigue, loose stools, and abdominal tension in the

schisandra group. A preliminary trial in 5,000 people with various

types of hepatitis found normalizations in SGPT or related liver

enzymes in 75% of cases using an unspecified amount of schisandra.57

 

Early clinical trials in China suggest astragalus root--

 

might benefit people with chronic viral hepatitis, though it may

take one to two months to see results.58 Textbooks on Chinese herbs

recommend taking 9–15 grams of the crude herb per day in decoction

form. A decoction is made by boiling the root in water for a few

minutes and then brewing the tea.

 

Another Chinese herb, Chinese scullcap,

 

might be useful for liver infections. However, the research on this

is generally of low quality.59

 

Are there any side effects or interactions? Refer to the individual

herb for information about any side effects or interactions.

 

 

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