Jagadguru Shri Kripaluji Mahararaj (Maharajji)'s Sat Sang

[Guest guest]

Namaste again from Bhuvaneshvar.

Sri Maharaj ji has given instructions to play his audio tape

on 'SATSANG' - at all JKP Ashram on every morning after 'Mangala

Arati'.

 

The lecture is so thourough and clearly explained in Hindi and sheds

immense light upon understandig what SATSANG is!

 

I am enjoying Sriji's speech every morning and noted down a few

points to share with all our devotees and spiritual seekers.

 

Hope non-Hindi speaking aspirants too could enjoy Sri Maharaj ji's

well explained familiar word - Sat Sang in its true sense.

I like to provide the necessary quotes from Scriptures but for now my

time on internet is being limited and expensive, I chose to edit this

post on a later date.

 

--------

 

The word Sat Sang consits of two words combined together.

The first one is - Sat

The second word is - Sang

 

Both words have to be understood correctly and applied accordingly.

Otherwise, the Divine results are not fully achieved.

 

Sri Maharaj ji has explained the term 'Sat' stands for true God

realized Saints and Divine Personalities.

 

The word Sat is really meant for only those Maha Purusha described in

the Scriptures - as 'zrotriyam brahma niSTham.' (Theoritical as well

as Practical and accomplished)

If the teacher with just theoritical knowledge is not God-realized

(practical) but still simply acts like (Sant) one, the spiritual

benefits are nil. Only ego of learning is accumulated. No Divine

experience will result.

 

>From time immemorial many Saints and Prophets have descended on earth

for the spiritual welfare and guidance of souls in bondage. They are

still there. The earth is never bereft of such great God-realized

souls. But, inspite of their continuous presence in this world many

have not attained their spiritual goal. Even after the innumerable

descensions of God, the Divine incarnations of the Lord, many souls

have not achieved true spiritual benefit. The saints as well are

eternally present on earth for the ultimate good of the seekers.

 

Then why everyone is not realizing God?

 

Now coming to the second word - Sang means getting together, meeting

or union, or true association.

This association with Saints and God is done in three ways.

We all have with us the three things- body, mind and soul so that we

can unite them with Divine personalities. The union of material body

and mind as well as the spirit is called - Sang in true sense. This

alone has to be accomplished by the seekers of Sat Sang.

 

It also quoted in Scriptures - 'sarvAtma bhAvena..'

 

Among the three things, mind stands very important in Sang.

 

Mind has been divided into four parts by Advaita Philosophers,

Mana- mind, Buddhi- intellect and reason, Chitta- heart, ahamkaar-

ego.

 

But only two are considered very essential according to Gita as the

Lord asks Arjuna to surrender his 'mind and intellect' to Him -

 

mayyeva mana Adhatsva mayi buddhim nivezayaH..'

 

The Mind which makes the wishes and proposals (sankalpa as well as

vikalpa) and the Intellect, the decision making power, which decides

the thoughts of the mind to be put into real action.

 

Out of these two again, Buddhi, the intellect and wisdom is more

powerful and in full control of the individual. It is our experience

that inspite of our likes and dislikes, we act according to our

wisdom and according to what our wisdom and knowledge dictates us.

Sriji quoting the verse from Kathopanishad while

explaining the components like body, mind, intellect, soul and so on.

 

It is declared in Veda:

 

AtmAnam rathinaM viddhi zarIram ratham eva tu...

 

As given in the verses Kathopanishad 1.3.3-9.

 

There is the chariot with its traveller seated inside. The chariot is

driven by five strong horses through whose mouths five powerful reins

are fastened to control the horses. The driver takes hold of the five

controlling reins and directs the five horses.

 

All this essential equippment for a successful journey is given to

each and every individual soul. The Supreme Lord, Krishna is simply

waiting for the arrival of all travelers, thus hoping to see them

reach their blisful destination of Peace and eternal happiness.

 

The material body is compared to a chariot. The five senses of the

body are the five horses of the chariot while the mind is the reins

that holds and controls the horses. The power of reason with the so

called knowledge "buddhi" is the driver of the chariot. The passenger

of the chariot seated inside is the individual spirit soul. Under the

direction and control of the knowledge (wisdom), the five senses with

the help of mind ropes, relentlessly serving the passenger, the spirit

soul, who is continuously seeking and traveling to the destination of

divine happiness in every life.

 

Try to understand this analogy more deeply - The passenger as the

soul, the body as the chariot, five senses as the five sense organs

consisting of eyes, ears, nose, tongue and skin, the mind as the reins

that hold the horses, the driver as the intellect and wisdom, the

spiritual journey is going on from time immemorial to reach the divine

destination. Not even for a second the travel is interrupted.

 

But being misguided by buddhi, the descriminative knowledge and

wisdom,

the individual soul is lost its proper directions to reach its

Supreme goal.

Instead it is just wandering in wrong places and objects mistaking

 

them as the real destination. But Who has suppied us with this

equippment for successful journey is waiting patiently for the soul

to reach His blissful embrace. If only the individual soul recognizes

its wrong path and corrects the direction given by its material mind

and wisdom by uniting it - in 'True Sang' with the God-realized

Saint's Divine instructions and wisdom, the supreme goal can be

attained, eternal Divine bliss is realized.

 

But most of the time this goal is obstructed by our material

intellect and knowledge which throw road blocks on the path of Real

surrender or True Sat Sang.

 

We do control our mind, on many occasions, it is not such a difficult

thing as we complain.

 

Even a penniless, small boy who is tempted by mouthwatering delicious

sweets at the candy shop controls his urge as he is aware of the

consequences if he would steal them.

So also our daily activities 99% of them are done by the wisdom and

knowledge but not necessarily by mind's choice alone.

 

 

So in true Sang, one has to unite one's Buddhi- intellect with the

saintly wisdom of the God-realized soul. Then only it can become Sat

Sang. But most of the aspirants fail to do so. For many many lives,

the seekers have come across many Saints but they failed to unite

their intellect and knowledge with Spiritual Master's Divine wisdom.

Most of the time our material knowledge had always made us critical

of the Lord and His Saints.

 

With our limited knowledge, we neglect

the instructions given for our spiritual welfare. We believe in our

own achieved material knowledge (B.A, M.A, Ph.D , etc) and act

accordingly with wrong decisions.

 

We never accept the teachings of Saints wholeheartedly nor

apply their instructions sincerely in our Sadhana.

 

For example, scriptures and Saints have declared the material

prosperity and attachments are detrimental to devotion and they would

be removed by Divine Grace and adversities are bestowed upon

chosen devotees by the Lord.

 

Though Bhagavatam and Padma Purana

had given the declaration of the Lord:

 

He on whom I am going to bestow my grace, I slowly deprive him of all

his wealth. When his wealth is gone, his friends, kith and kin desert

him, making him sink into utmost sorrow and despair.

- The Bhagavatam 10.88.8

When his further efforts to gain wealth also fail, thanks to my will,

he becomes filled with dispassion and gets associated with my

devotees. On such a one I bestow my grace.

 

- The Bhagavatam 10.88.9

 

"yasyAhamanugRhNami vittaM tasya harAmyaham,

karoti bandhu vicchedaM sa tu duHkhena jIvati.

santApeSvapi kaunteya yadi mAM na parityajet,

dadAmyahaM svIya padaM devAnAmapi durlabham."

 

Lord Krishna gave similar message again to Arjuna in Padma Purana:

 

"He on whom I am going to bestow My grace, I take away all his

wealth, separate him from his family and friends, so that he may live

his life in utter sorrow bereft of all his possessions.

Though fully distressed with his material conditions, if he doesnot

give up My devotion in this suffering state, I extend to that sincere

devotee My own abode which is impssible to attain even by celestial

beings."

 

 

But we have chosen to ignore this fact

according to our own mis conceptions.

Then how one can progress in following thouroughly the Divine

instructions of the Saint?

We totally discard this fact and accept that material wealth and

family, fame etc., as God's Grace. We are not ready to agree with the

sayings of God-realized Masters. We do not hesitate to contradict the

wise God-men. For true Sang, one should avoid this mistake of 'head

on collision' with the Divine wisdom of the Master.

 

The essential part of - 'Saranagati' - Surrender to a Saint or the

Lord is to accept their Divine instructions without applying our

contaminated, limited, material knowledge.

 

The Divine instructions of the Saint, God-realized Spiritual master

have to be wholeheartedly accepted and applied in seeker's Sadhana-

spiritual endeavors if the seeker has to receive the true benefits

of Sat Sang.

 

In Bhaja Govindam also it is described:

 

satsangtve nissangatvam

nissangatve nirmOhatvam

nirmohatve nizcala tattvam

nizcala tattve jIvanmuktih

 

(Sri Shankara's Bhaja Govindam. 9)

 

Company of GOOD (Godly men) leads to detachment true,

Detachment gets you past the delusion dense

No longer deluded, the CHANGELESS REALITY dawns.

Experience of the Real gives the LIBERATION sure! (9)

 

 

(to be continued...)

 

 

Jaya Sri Radhey!

 

, pyari_h <no_reply> wrote:

>

> Namaste all from my pilgrimage place at Bhuvaneshvar, Orissa, India.

> Like to share a post with members from my group.

>

> Dr. Jaya

[Guest guest]

Namaste all.

The lecture is continued:

 

True Sat- Sang can only achieved if the Saint is God-relized and the

association is done totally with spiritual, physical, mental as

well as intellectual faculties. This results in complete surrender

and the sincere seeker must arrive here to receive the full benefits

of 'True

Sat-Sang'.

 

Most of the seekers believe they have surrendered cent percent to the

Saint.

 

But who is deciding this? Again the material intellect and mind

making this decision.

In the first place, the same material mind has been the source of

obstruction in

the process of sel-surrender to the saintly Master

for the innumerable past lives.

Naturally the seeker is mislead by his/her own material wisdom.

 

This powerful faculty of intellect, Buddhi which has control even

over the mind is the main reason in not surrendering to the Saint and

his instructions for sadhana, for spiritual effort.

 

That is why true 'Sang' is not accomplished though the true Saints'

company is

received by many spiritual seekers.

 

Every action as well as instruction of the Saint to the seeker have

to be realized as an act of Divine Grace. Without doubts the seeker

has to follow his saintly Master's wishes with total surrender of

mind, intellectual knowledge and with a spirit of dedication.

 

Out of praise or criticism, the seeker should welcome his Divine

master's wisdom

in pointing out his own mistakes and shortcomings in sadhana so that

the seeker

would improve upon his Sadhana, correcting his existing faults.

 

Even when treated unfavorably by the Saint, the desciple should feel

fortunate to be under the kind guidance and costant supervision of

his Master

without getting offended by the behavior of his spiritual Guide.

 

Then only the seeker will make spiritual progress.

Without any question or doubt in mind, without applying the material

wisdom or

knowledge, if the seeker follws wholeheartedly the saintly master and

his

orders, 'True Sat-Sang' has been established.

 

Now Spiritual success of the seeker is definte and guaranted.

 

The hunter, Valmiki following the spiritual advice of his God-

realized master by chanting the mantra 'mara .. mara.. mara...'

without any

question, made him a great soul.

While Spiritual or philosophical truths revealed by spiritual masters

are not

even helping the devotional process to many seekers, just a simple

chanting of

Lord's holy name backwards had worked out as a wonder since Valmiki

had put full

faith in his spiritual master.

 

He never doubted about the saintly wisdom nor asked for the

significance of the

holy name given to him as 'mara..' and never questioned even for how

long the

chanting had to be continued and when his Master would return!

 

Maharshi Valmiki became God-realized by putting full faith in Divine

Grace while

sincerely carrying out the instructions of the Saint with total

surrender of all

his mental faculties.

 

The astonishing results were evident and his spiritual attainment was

well known to all.

 

Similarly when true total surrender is practiced, the full benefit of

Sat-Sang is achieved. Since God-realized Saints have been around us

from time

immemorial but the failure in total surrender of mind, buddhi by the

seeking

souls has become the chief reason for not attaining spiritual benefit

and

God-realization.

 

(more to be added soon...)

 

Jaya Sri Radhey!

 

Dr. Jaya

 

, pyari_h <no_reply wrote:

>

> Namaste again from Bhuvaneshvar.

> Sri Maharaj ji has given instructions to play his audio tape

> on 'SATSANG' - at all JKP Ashram on every morning after 'Mangala

> Arati'.

>

> The lecture is so thourough and clearly explained in Hindi and sheds

> immense light upon understandig what SATSANG is!

>

> I am enjoying Sriji's speech every morning and noted down a few

> points to share with all our devotees and spiritual seekers.

>

> Hope non-Hindi speaking aspirants too could enjoy Sri Maharaj ji's

> well explained familiar word - Sat Sang in its true sense.

> I like to provide the necessary quotes from Scriptures but for now

my

> time on internet is being limited and expensive, I chose to edit

this

> post on a later date.

>

> --------

>

> The word Sat Sang consits of two words combined together.

> The first one is - Sat

> The second word is - Sang

>

> Both words have to be understood correctly and applied accordingly.

> Otherwise, the Divine results are not fully achieved.

>

> Sri Maharaj ji has explained the term 'Sat' stands for true God

> realized Saints and Divine Personalities.

>

> The word Sat is really meant for only those Maha Purusha described

in

> the Scriptures - as 'zrotriyam brahma niSTham.' (Theoritical as

well

> as Practical and accomplished)

> If the teacher with just theoritical knowledge is not God-realized

> (practical) but still simply acts like (Sant) one, the spiritual

> benefits are nil. Only ego of learning is accumulated. No Divine

> experience will result.

>

> From time immemorial many Saints and Prophets have descended on

earth

> for the spiritual welfare and guidance of souls in bondage. They are

> still there. The earth is never bereft of such great God-realized

> souls. But, inspite of their continuous presence in this world many

> have not attained their spiritual goal. Even after the innumerable

> descensions of God, the Divine incarnations of the Lord, many souls

> have not achieved true spiritual benefit. The saints as well are

> eternally present on earth for the ultimate good of the seekers.

>

> Then why everyone is not realizing God?

>

> Now coming to the second word - Sang means getting together, meeting

> or union, or true association.

> This association with Saints and God is done in three ways.

> We all have with us the three things- body, mind and soul so that we

> can unite them with Divine personalities. The union of material body

> and mind as well as the spirit is called - Sang in true sense. This

> alone has to be accomplished by the seekers of Sat Sang.

>

> It also quoted in Scriptures - 'sarvAtma bhAvena..'

>

> Among the three things, mind stands very important in Sang.

>

> Mind has been divided into four parts by Advaita Philosophers,

> Mana- mind, Buddhi- intellect and reason, Chitta- heart, ahamkaar-

> ego.

>

> But only two are considered very essential according to Gita as the

> Lord asks Arjuna to surrender his 'mind and intellect' to Him -

>

> mayyeva mana Adhatsva mayi buddhim nivezayaH..'

>

> The Mind which makes the wishes and proposals (sankalpa as well as

> vikalpa) and the Intellect, the decision making power, which decides

> the thoughts of the mind to be put into real action.

>

> Out of these two again, Buddhi, the intellect and wisdom is more

> powerful and in full control of the individual. It is our experience

> that inspite of our likes and dislikes, we act according to our

> wisdom and according to what our wisdom and knowledge dictates us.

> Sriji quoting the verse from Kathopanishad while

> explaining the components like body, mind, intellect, soul and so

on.

>

> It is declared in Veda:

>

> AtmAnam rathinaM viddhi zarIram ratham eva tu...

>

> As given in the verses Kathopanishad 1.3.3-9.

>

> There is the chariot with its traveller seated inside. The chariot

is

> driven by five strong horses through whose mouths five powerful

reins

> are fastened to control the horses. The driver takes hold of the

five

> controlling reins and directs the five horses.

>

> All this essential equippment for a successful journey is given to

> each and every individual soul. The Supreme Lord, Krishna is simply

> waiting for the arrival of all travelers, thus hoping to see them

> reach their blisful destination of Peace and eternal happiness.

>

> The material body is compared to a chariot. The five senses of the

> body are the five horses of the chariot while the mind is the reins

> that holds and controls the horses. The power of reason with the so

> called knowledge "buddhi" is the driver of the chariot. The

passenger

> of the chariot seated inside is the individual spirit soul. Under

the

> direction and control of the knowledge (wisdom), the five senses

with

> the help of mind ropes, relentlessly serving the passenger, the

spirit

> soul, who is continuously seeking and traveling to the destination

of

> divine happiness in every life.

>

> Try to understand this analogy more deeply - The passenger as the

> soul, the body as the chariot, five senses as the five sense organs

> consisting of eyes, ears, nose, tongue and skin, the mind as the

reins

> that hold the horses, the driver as the intellect and wisdom, the

> spiritual journey is going on from time immemorial to reach the

divine

> destination. Not even for a second the travel is interrupted.

>

> But being misguided by buddhi, the descriminative knowledge and

> wisdom,

> the individual soul is lost its proper directions to reach its

> Supreme goal.

> Instead it is just wandering in wrong places and objects mistaking

>

> them as the real destination. But Who has suppied us with this

> equippment for successful journey is waiting patiently for the soul

> to reach His blissful embrace. If only the individual soul

recognizes

> its wrong path and corrects the direction given by its material mind

> and wisdom by uniting it - in 'True Sang' with the God-realized

> Saint's Divine instructions and wisdom, the supreme goal can be

> attained, eternal Divine bliss is realized.

>

> But most of the time this goal is obstructed by our material

> intellect and knowledge which throw road blocks on the path of Real

> surrender or True Sat Sang.

>

> We do control our mind, on many occasions, it is not such a

difficult

> thing as we complain.

>

> Even a penniless, small boy who is tempted by mouthwatering

delicious

> sweets at the candy shop controls his urge as he is aware of the

> consequences if he would steal them.

> So also our daily activities 99% of them are done by the wisdom and

> knowledge but not necessarily by mind's choice alone.

>

>

> So in true Sang, one has to unite one's Buddhi- intellect with the

> saintly wisdom of the God-realized soul. Then only it can become Sat

> Sang. But most of the aspirants fail to do so. For many many lives,

> the seekers have come across many Saints but they failed to unite

> their intellect and knowledge with Spiritual Master's Divine wisdom.

> Most of the time our material knowledge had always made us critical

> of the Lord and His Saints.

>

> With our limited knowledge, we neglect

> the instructions given for our spiritual welfare. We believe in our

> own achieved material knowledge (B.A, M.A, Ph.D , etc) and act

> accordingly with wrong decisions.

>

> We never accept the teachings of Saints wholeheartedly nor

> apply their instructions sincerely in our Sadhana.

>

> For example, scriptures and Saints have declared the material

> prosperity and attachments are detrimental to devotion and they

would

> be removed by Divine Grace and adversities are bestowed upon

> chosen devotees by the Lord.

>

> Though Bhagavatam and Padma Purana

> had given the declaration of the Lord:

>

> He on whom I am going to bestow my grace, I slowly deprive him of

all

> his wealth. When his wealth is gone, his friends, kith and kin

desert

> him, making him sink into utmost sorrow and despair.

> - The Bhagavatam 10.88.8

> When his further efforts to gain wealth also fail, thanks to my

will,

> he becomes filled with dispassion and gets associated with my

> devotees. On such a one I bestow my grace.

>

> - The Bhagavatam 10.88.9

>

> "yasyAhamanugRhNami vittaM tasya harAmyaham,

> karoti bandhu vicchedaM sa tu duHkhena jIvati.

> santApeSvapi kaunteya yadi mAM na parityajet,

> dadAmyahaM svIya padaM devAnAmapi durlabham."

>

> Lord Krishna gave similar message again to Arjuna in Padma Purana:

>

> "He on whom I am going to bestow My grace, I take away all his

> wealth, separate him from his family and friends, so that he may

live

> his life in utter sorrow bereft of all his possessions.

> Though fully distressed with his material conditions, if he doesnot

> give up My devotion in this suffering state, I extend to that

sincere

> devotee My own abode which is impssible to attain even by celestial

> beings."

>

>

> But we have chosen to ignore this fact

> according to our own mis conceptions.

> Then how one can progress in following thouroughly the Divine

> instructions of the Saint?

> We totally discard this fact and accept that material wealth and

> family, fame etc., as God's Grace. We are not ready to agree with

the

> sayings of God-realized Masters. We do not hesitate to contradict

the

> wise God-men. For true Sang, one should avoid this mistake of 'head

> on collision' with the Divine wisdom of the Master.

>

> The essential part of - 'Saranagati' - Surrender to a Saint or the

> Lord is to accept their Divine instructions without applying our

> contaminated, limited, material knowledge.

>

> The Divine instructions of the Saint, God-realized Spiritual master

> have to be wholeheartedly accepted and applied in seeker's Sadhana-

> spiritual endeavors if the seeker has to receive the true benefits

> of Sat Sang.

>

> In Bhaja Govindam also it is described:

>

> satsangtve nissangatvam

> nissangatve nirmOhatvam

> nirmohatve nizcala tattvam

> nizcala tattve jIvanmuktih

>

> (Sri Shankara's Bhaja Govindam. 9)

>

> Company of GOOD (Godly men) leads to detachment true,

> Detachment gets you past the delusion dense

> No longer deluded, the CHANGELESS REALITY dawns.

> Experience of the Real gives the LIBERATION sure! (9)

>

>

> (to be continued...)

>

>

> Jaya Sri Radhey!

>

> , pyari_h <no_reply> wrote:

> >

> > Namaste all from my pilgrimage place at Bhuvaneshvar, Orissa,

India.

> > Like to share a post with members from my group.

> >

> > Dr. Jaya

>

[Guest guest]

Namaste all.

 

Sri Kripaluji Maharaj insists that the seekers should never think

they have completely understood the teachings and Divine Love

philosophy given by their Spiritual Master. The seeker has to

repeatedly hear as well as reflect upon his Master's wisdom and

devotional instructions so that his understanding would become

strong, thorough and longlasting.

 

Especially in Kaliyuga the memory of inviduals is very short and

learning process itself is sluggish. No one shoud ever think that one

knows all scriptures and the teachings of the Saints fully well.

There is always plenty of room for expanding seeker's spiritual

knowledge and wisdom constantly.

 

So this tape on 'Sat-Sang' is daily heard at JKP Ashrams by the

devotees to improve their understanding about True Sat Sang.

 

Jaya Sri Radhey!

 

Dr. Jaya

Barsana, U.P. India

 

, pyari_h <no_reply wrote:

>

> Namaste all.

> The lecture is continued:

[Guest guest]

Knowledge and Experience are different things.

 

Deceple is gaining knowledge through sadguru,while

sadguru is giving knowledge through experince.

Knowledge is always bound to be forgotten,hence it

needs rememberence,Experince is hard to forget,and

doesnt get shaken with illusions.

 

There is always room available because the knowledge

is activity of "intellect" which is powered by "atman"

and every individual have different intelect,hence the

experince is differetly explained in many ways

although the experince is same.This is certain that

the deceple is bound to be confused with this, who

approach multiple sadgurus and try to follow many of

them.

 

Therefore sudguru is only the right person who decides

what is illusion and what is real.A single sadguru and

a single path as said by Lord Shri Krishna "Eka bhakti

Vishisthate" needs to be followed.

 

Intellect is perfectly right or say must,, till a

sadguru is found.Then it is perfect to forget the

intelect while receiving and accepting his discourses.

 

 

 

--- pyari_h <no_reply> wrote:

 

> Namaste all.

>

> Sri Kripaluji Maharaj insists that the seekers

> should never think

> they have completely understood the teachings and

> Divine Love

> philosophy given by their Spiritual Master.

 

 

 

 

 

[Guest guest]

knowledge is total=universe

sadguru knows only a little bit

he cant give every thing

but can guide to learn from the total

namasivayam

 

--- "udaykumar S.K." <udaykumar001 wrote:

 

> Knowledge and Experience are different things.

>

>

[Radha-kinkari]

 

Namaste all.

 

Sri Kripaluji Maharaj insists that the seekers should never think

they have completely understood the teachings and Divine Love

philosophy given by their Spiritual Master. The seeker has to

repeatedly hear as well as reflect upon his Master's wisdom and

devotional instructions so that his understanding would become

strong, thorough and longlasting.

 

Especially in Kaliyuga the memory of inviduals is very short and

learning process itself is sluggish. No one shoud ever think that one

knows all scriptures and the teachings of the Saints fully well.

There is always plenty of room for expanding seeker's spiritual

knowledge and wisdom constantly.

 

So this tape on 'Sat-Sang' is daily heard at JKP Ashrams by the

devotees to improve their understanding about True Sat Sang.

 

Jaya Sri Radhey!

 

Dr. Jaya

Barsana, U.P. India

 

, pyari_h <NO_REPLYwrote:

>

> Namaste all.

> The lecture is continued:

 

Radhey Radhey Jaya ji,

 

How are you? I just saw your name and remembered our time in Massouri together. I just went to Barsana Dham to see Maharajji. He just gave live lecture and it was excellent!!!

 

madhu