Going through the Gita - Page 2

Tarun · 08-06-2001, 10:05 AM

asmAkaM tu viziSThA ye
tAn nibodha dvijottama
nAyakA mama sainyasya
saMjnArthaM tan bravImi te ||7||
-------------------
bhavAn bhISmaz ca karNaz ca
kRpaz ca samitiNjayaH
azvatthAmA vikarNaz ca
saumadattis tathaiva ca ||8||
--------------------
anye ca bahavaH zUrA
mad-arthe tyakta jIvitAH
nAnA zastra praharaNAH
sarve yuddha vizAradAH ||9||

Tarun · 08-08-2001, 12:49 PM

Yesterday in class we came across a BhAgavatam verse in 1st Canto, Chapter 19 "Zukadev's Appearance" with the word vavande.
1st syllable duplicated!?

Tarun · 01-08-2002, 09:30 PM

Jagatji: can you continue?
Can we pick up where we left off?
In depth analysis of 1-2 verses/week is more than enough.

Jagat · 02-10-2002, 11:34 AM

This seems like a worthwhile endeavor, so I will indeed try to get back to it, Tarunji.

The -au ending is masculine dual in nominative and accusative. The form here is interesting as Srinivas Acharya divides the six goswamis into three pairs, and then makes all the adjectives agree with the dual form.

There are two kinds of alankaras, sabdalankara and arthalankara, sound and meaning. The way things sound is very important in Sanskrit--you get a lot more alliteration and internal rhyme (usually based on inflection) in Sanskrit poetry than you do in English, though line-end rhyme is rarer.

Jagat

Jagat · 02-10-2002, 11:51 AM

zuzrUSoH zraddadhAnasya

Though reduplication is present in both the above words, it is not being used in the same way in both examples. Reduplication takes many different forms and is used in the imperfect tense (as in vavande), in the desiderative, in the third conjugation in the present tense (and in some irregular verbs), and in the intensive (which is quite rare outside of kavya literature.

zuzrUSu <-- derived from /zru, "to hear"; desiderative form, "one who desires to hear." The noun meaning "desire to hear" is zuzrUSA (feminine). This has come to mean "service" and "servant," since one who wishes to hear from the guru must serve him. The -oH ending is either ablative ("from, than") or genitive ("of"). So "of one who wishes to hear."

zraddadhAnasya <-- You will recognize that this word is related to the familiar zraddhA, "faith." This word is unusual in that it is a combination of a rare prefix "zrad" and the verb root "dhA", which has many, many derivatives in various forms including most words that have dhi in them (though not "buddhi").

The dhA root is in the third conjugation, which reduplicates the root in the present tense. The third person singular is dadhAti. So if you want to say, "I have faith in him," you would say, "tasmin zraddadhAmi."

Another verb of this class is dA (dadAti, dadAmi buddhi-yogaM tam).

zraddadhAna is a present participle "having faith". the -asya ending is genitive. So zuzrUSoH zraddadhAnasya means "of one who is serving (with the desire to hear) and has faith."

Tarun · 02-10-2002, 11:17 PM

So every 3rd conjugation root duplicates in present tense.
If "dadAti pratighRNAti" is put into past or future tense,
then duplicated da prefix drops?
A few more examples?
Sometimes we see consonant change & duplication:
veda, vidyA-vadhU, vit, vetti, vettha, viThThala:
vedAnta kRT veda-vit
evam yo vetti tattvataH
yei KRSNa-tattva vettha sei guru haya (Bangla-bhAsA)

Jagat · 02-11-2002, 09:03 AM

I'm not sure what you mean in all these examples, none of which show reduplication of the verb stem or root.

vid is a verb root that is conjugated according to two different systems with different meanings. It produces a lot of different forms as a result.

The reduplicated forms would be
vividiSati for desiderative ("he wants to know") vividiSA ("the desire to know"), vividiSu ("one who wants to know")
viveda for the perfect ("he knew")
vevidyate (or vevetti) for the intensive ("he really knows, he keeps on knowing")

The present tense conjugation
vedmi I know
vetsi you know
vetti he knows
vidmaH we know
vettha you know
vidanti they know

vettR (nom. vettA) "knower", vit ("knower," at end of compounds, as in veda-vit.

viTThala is something totally different.

vi- is also a prefix, so that may add to the confusion, but I don't think there is any form of the verb vid with a vi- prefix.

Avinash · 08-23-2003, 11:01 PM

In Bhagavad Gita 18.1, a word 'veditum' is used. It is translated as 'to know'.

Could somebody describe the usage of 'tum' prefix in more detail (by giving some examples)?

Thank you

09-26-2005, 12:31 PM

Dear sir,
Do you have the Gita in sanskrit prose form?(Anvaya). Is there an internet site where I can find it? My address is kedhar123@yahoo.com. thanks.
Ramanathan