Climate change brings Eiger to earth

July 9, 2006

The Sunday Times July 09, 2006 Climate change brings Eiger to earthSteven Swinford A SLAB of rock weighing millions of tons is poised to break away from the Eiger, one of Europe’s most treacherous mountains, and crash into the valley below, a geologist has warned. Hans-Rudolf Keusen,

who monitors the Bernese Alps for the Swiss government, said 2m cubic metres of the Eiger mountain are set to collapse, in what would be Europe’s biggest rock fall for 15 years. The limestone slab is equivalent in volume to two Empire State Buildings. “It will be a spectacular sight,” said Keusen. “There aren’t any houses underneath, so nobody is going to get hit by a rock on the head.” Keusen first spotted the fissure between the limestone slab and the rockface at the beginning of June. It measured 8in then, but has since widened to just over 16ft and is growing at a rate of 35in a day. According to Keusen, the crack has been caused by the retreat of the Grindelwald glacier, which previously supported

the rockface. As it has shrunk, holes in the limestone have opened and been eroded by water. He said: “In the past 25 years the glacier has regressed very quickly, by up to a metre a year. We believe this accelerated regression is the result of climate change. Without the support of the glacier, small fissures have opened in the rock which have widened significantly. This is happening very fast, and the rock could fall within days.” In the past week tourists have been gathering in the nearby town of Grindelwald in the hope of catching the dramatic collapse, which will see 5m tons of limestone fall over 650ft. The rockfall will not pose a direct threat to the nearby community, but Keusen said debris could settle on glaciers, blocking water flowing out of them and affecting water supplies. For climbers, the Eiger, 13,025ft high, has long held a special resonance. Its treacherous north face was first climbed by Heinrich Harrer in 1938, the pioneering

Austrian mountaineer who later sparked controversy when he became a member of the SS. The mountain was also the setting for the 1975 Clint Eastwood film, The Eiger Sanction. According to Doug Scott, the first Briton to conquer the summit of Everest, the Alps are now more dangerous than ever: “In the past few years the alpine climbs like the Dru and the Eiger have become more and more threatened by snowfall and massive collapses. I first climbed the Alps in 1957, but they are far more dangerous today.” While it is natural for the Alps to erode, there is growing evidence that they are collapsing at a faster rate. Two years ago three lumps of the Dolomites in northern Italy came loose, with one 250ft chunk falling more than a quarter of a mile and landing on a hikers’ trail. According to Professor Michael Davies of Dundee University, a civil engineer and member of the International Permafrost Association, the increased rockfalls are occurring because the

permafrost that stabilises the surface of the Alps is melting. There are also concerns that climate change will have an impact on tourism. A study for the United Nations environment programme predicted that half of all ski resorts in the Alps could be forced out of business in the next 25 years by rising temperatures. Dr Rolf Bürki, who led the project, said: “Climate change will have the effect of pushing winter sports higher and higher up the mountains, concentrating impacts in ever-decreasing areas. As ski resorts in lower altitudes face bankruptcy, so the pressure on highly environmentally upper-altitude areas rises.”Peter H

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