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Water crisis looms as Himalayan glaciers melt

 

Friday, September 9, 2005; Posted: 11:11 a.m. EDT (15:11 GMT)

 

NEW DELHI, India (Reuters) -- Imagine a world without drinking

water.

 

It's a scary thought, but scientists say the 40 percent of humanity

living in South Asia and China could well be living with little

drinking water within 50 years as global warming melts Himalayan

glaciers, the region's main water source.

 

The glaciers supply 303.6 million cubic feet every year to Asian

rivers, including the Yangtze and Yellow rivers in China, the Ganga

in India, the Indus in Pakistan, the Brahmaputra in Bangladesh and

Burma's Irrawaddy.

 

But as global warming increases, the glaciers have been rapidly

retreating, with average temperatures in the Himalayas up 1 degree

Celsius since the 1970s.

 

A World Wide Fund report published in March said a quarter of the

world's glaciers could disappear by 2050 and half by 2100.

 

" If the current scenario continues, there will be very little water

left in the Ganga and its tributaries, " Prakash Rao, climate change

and energy program coordinator with the fund in India told Reuters.

 

" The situation here is more critical because here they depend on

glaciers for drinking water while in other areas there are other

sources of drinking water, not just glacial. "

 

Experts are alarmed.

 

About 67 percent of the nearly 12,124 square miles of Himalayan

glaciers are receding and in the long run as the ice diminishes,

glacial runoffs in summer and river flows will also go down, leading

to severe water shortages in the region.

 

The Gangotri glacier, the source of the Ganga, India's holiest

river, is retreating 75 feet a year. And the Khumbu Glacier in

Nepal, where Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay began their ascent of

Everest, has lost more than 3 miles since they climbed the mountain

in 1953.

 

" The cry in the mountains is that water has gone down and springs

have dried up, " Jagdish Bahadur, an expert on Himalayan glaciers.

 

" Global climate change has had an effect, but water has also dried

up because agriculture in the mountains has increased, " he said.

 

In Nepal, there are more than 3,000 glaciers that work as reservoirs

for fresh water and another 2,000 glacial lakes.

 

Experts estimate numerous rivers originating in Nepal's mountains

contribute about 70 percent to the pre-monsoon flow of the Ganges

that snakes through neighboring India and Bangladesh.

 

" The glaciers are shrinking due to global warming posing a risk to

water availability not only in Nepal but also in parts of South

Asia, " said Arun Bhakta Shrestha, an expert on Himalayan glaciers at

the government Hydrology and Meteorology Department.

 

" But how soon or to what extent this problem will arise is difficult

to say now. "

 

Tulsi Maya, a farmer on the outskirts of Kathmandu, has never heard

of global warming or its impact on the rivers in the Himalayan

kingdom, but she does know that the flow of water has gone down.

 

" It used to overflow its banks and spill into the fields, " the 85-

year-old farmer said standing in her emerald green rice field as she

looked at the Bishnumati river, which has ceased to be a reliable

source of drinking water and irrigation.

 

" Maybe God is unkind and sends less water in the river. The flow of

water is decreasing every year, " she said standing by her grandson,

Milan Dangol, who weeds the crop.

 

In the Indian Himalayas, there are already signs of water shortages

in the summer: Tourists in the rugged mountains of Ladakh and

Himachal Pradesh have to carry buckets of water while trekkers say

temperatures are much warmer than a decade ago.

 

The effect can also be seen in the rest of the country.

 

During the summer, thousands of people in India's villages trek for

miles in search of water and even in cities water is a precious

commodity, sometimes leading to street fights.

 

Indian scientists studying Himalayan glaciers fear an acute shortage

of natural drinking water in Himachal Pradesh state based on studies

of the Beas and Baspa basins from 1962 to 2001.

 

Two scientists from India's Space and Research Organization using

remote sensing satellites found a 23 percent drop in glacial water

in 19 of 30 glaciers mapped in the region.

 

Already, the impact of climate change is evident in the soaring

summer temperatures in South Asia, which go up to 122 degrees

Fahrenheit, and the erratic nature of the monsoon, one of the

world's most widely watched phenomena.

 

" Our research indicates the economy of the region may be affected

due to these conditions and investigations suggest that all glaciers

are reducing which could create an acute scarcity of water, " said

Anil Kulkarni, who headed the team studying the Himachal Pradesh

glaciers.

 

 

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