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Today for you 33 new articles about earth's trees! (260th edition)

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earthtreenews-

Weblog: http://olyecology.livejournal.com

 

--British Columbia: 1) $100K for GBR Logging / 'protection', 2)

Stillwater plan, 3) Saving the Caribou means reducing logging, duh!

--Washington: 4) 444 trees to be logged at Evergeen State College?

--Oregon: 5) How fire affects thinned forests, 6) Studying

catastrophic wildfire history,

--California: 7) Gary Snyder, 8) Burned Area Emergency Response

Assessment Report, 9) Save Smith's trees, 10) Bohemian Club wants to

double cut,

--Montana: 11) Environmentalists with common sense? 12) B-D Partnership,

--Minnesota: 13) Dredging ancient logs form a sand pit

--Maryland: 14) Army will cut nearly 300 acres of forest at Fort Meade

--New York: 16) Chlorinated flame retardant Dechlorane Plus in the bark of trees

--Georgia: 17) Save Moutaintown in Chattahoochee NF

--Canada: 18) Ban logging in Algonquin Provincial Park?

--UK: 19) New land rush for those who can't buy a home, 20) key to cutting CO2,

--Czechoslovakia: 20) Selling off some of the country's state-owned forests

--Ecuador: 21) Natives seek $12 Billion from Chevron

--Argentina: 22) Logging Ban passes!

--Brazil: 23) Protected forests can survive climate change, 24) An

amazing satellite sensor, 25) Perfect Storm in the Amazon,

--Japan: 26) Blossoming unseasonably this fall, 27) Forestry teachings,

--Australia: 28) Ban on logging in Wielangta overturned, 29) $25,000

fine for logging, 30) Save the Weld Valley,

--World-wide: 31) Deforestation emissions send a destructive ripple

effect, 32) Parrots endangered, 33) Mass tree planting effort grows,

 

British Columbia:

 

1) Scotiabank today announced a $100,000 donation to the Great Bear

Rainforest Campaign. The donation to Tides Canada Foundation supports

an innovative, globally-significant sustainability model and will

contribute to a permanent conservation endowment fund to support

science and stewardship jobs in First Nations communities. British

Columbia's Great Bear Rainforest is a global environmental treasure.

It supports tremendous biodiversity and is home to the rare white

Spirit Bear and ancient First Nations cultures. The coastal forest

stretches north from Bute Inlet on B.C.'s south coast to the Alaskan

border. Covering 6.4 million hectares, the Great Bear Rainforest

represents 25 per cent of the earth's remaining ancient coastal

temperate rainforests. " This is a great opportunity for Scotiabank to

demonstrate our commitment to the environment, " said David Poole,

Senior Vice-President, B.C. & Yukon Region, Scotiabank. " We're pleased

to support this innovative initiative that protects not only important

biodiversity areas but the livelihoods and communities where many of

our employees and customers live and work. " " We are thrilled that

Scotiabank is supporting this made-in-B.C conservation solution that

successfully integrates environmental protection and sustainable

economic development, " said Ross McMillan, President of Tides Canada

and one of the principal architects of the conservation financing

program that helped protect the Great Bear Rainforest. The model

brings together multiple stakeholders: environmental organizations

(sic), First Nations, logging companies, governments, and other

businesses operating in the region. " Protecting the environment is a

responsibility we all share, " said Kaz Flinn, Vice-President,

Corporate Social Responsibility, Scotiabank. " Our donation to Tides

Canada allows us to partner with a leading Canadian philanthropic

organization and to support important sustainable forestry and habitat

conservation practices. "

http://www.newswire.ca/en/releases/archive/November2007/29/c5531.html

 

 

2) The investigation resulted from public complaints about the new

plan, prepared under the Forest and Range Practices Act (FRPA). The

Stillwater plan was produced under the Forest Practices Code as part

of a pilot project the provincial government set up to test a

results-based approach to forest regulation. Since government approved

the original Stillwater plan, the forest licence has changed hands

twice and the legislation governing forest practices changed from

prescriptive to results-based. The complaints that prompted the board

investigation were about the difficult format of the new forest

stewardship plan, changes made to the membership of the local

community advisory group, and the loss of objectives that were in the

pilot plan. While the board noted that both the licensee and the

forest district had made efforts to make the new plan more accessible,

it also found that the planning requirements have changed under FRPA

from providing clear, detailed information about proposed forest

practices and community values, to providing broad and more general

objectives. This made it difficult for the public to interpret and

provide meaningful comment on the forest stewardship plan or to track

existing commitments. The plan also covered all of the licensee's

coastal operations including Vancouver Island, the Queen Charlotte

Islands and the mainland, which added to the difficulty. The result is

a plan that obscures at least some of the values identified by the

community with its pilot plan, putting at risk public confidence in

forest management for the area. " As we continue to develop and

implement FRPA-based forest stewardship plans and to rely on voluntary

advisory processes as the primary vehicle for more detailed public

involvement, we need to ensure that we maintain the public trust, "

said Fraser. The Forest Practices Board is BC's independent watchdog

for sound forest and range practices, reporting its findings and

recommendations directly to the public and government. Interested

readers can view the entire report at http://www.fpb.gov.bc.ca

 

 

3) Six weeks ago the BC Government announced that logging companies,

environmentalists, heli-ski companies and snowmobile clubs had

collaborated on a plan to protect the endangered mountain caribou.

Large tracts of old-growth forest are essential for the survival of

the mountain caribou. Both the BC government and the environmental

groups that helped to create the plan are promoting it as a huge

achievement in forest protection: 2.2 million hectares of protected

mountain caribou habitat, of which 380,000 hectares will be new

protection. " What the government did not tell us then is that the plan

will allow NO REDUCTION OF THE ALLOWABLE ANNUAL CUT (yearly rate of

logging on public land) for five years, " says Anne Sherrod, a director

of Valhalla Wilderness Watch. " The negotiating parties who agreed to

this plan have failed to grasp the meaning of the mountain caribou

crisis: our rate of logging is driving species to extinction. We

either have to cut back drastically, or be honest and admit that we

intend to maintain an extravagant and unsustainable rate of logging no

matter what other species we wipe out. " Today VWW is releasing a new

26-page analysis of the plan entitled " Mountain Caribou Greenwash. "

The analysis is largely based upon the Habitat Terms of Reference

posted on the website of BC's Species at Risk Coordination Office, as

well as many scientific reports. " There is much we still do not know

because the plan was negotiated under the cover of confidentiality

agreements, " says Sherrod. " But we wanted to let the public know that

the Habitat Terms of Reference do not support the view that the plan

is a 'big victory' for anyone but the logging companies. There are

alarming aspects which, if implemented, would predict extinction for

the mountain caribou. " The report can be found at

http://www.inlandtemperaterainforest.org

 

Washington:

 

4) A small but vocal group of students is questioning how authorities

at the nearly 1,000-acre college manage trees that might pose a hazard

to pedestrians, cars and buildings. At the center of the disagreement

is a Comprehensive Hazard Tree Maintenance Plan that, when delivered

to staff in September, called for the removal, topping or pruning in

the next five years of about 458 high-risk trees. They were deemed

unhealthy and close enough to trails, roads and buildings to

potentially topple and threaten people and property. " We want to make

every effort to preserve trees, " Evergreen graduate student Deane

Rimerman said. " We'll do everything we can to make sure no healthy

trees are cut down. " Concerned students might organize tree sit-ins,

depending on how everything unfolds, Rimerman said. When the college's

Campus Land Use Committee, which consists of faculty, staff and

students, received the draft hazard tree report, the committee changed

the major recommendation. The plan approved by the committee Monday

calls for removing 14 of the most hazardous trees and putting the 444

others on a monitoring list. " Ten of the trees have been cut down,

much to the chagrin of Rimerman, Environmental Resource Center

coordinator Maya Elson and others. That group hired Braun

Arboricultural Consulting of Hood River, Ore., to come to campus Nov.

16-17 for a hazard tree assessment workshop and on-site inspection of

about 10 of the high-risk trees. David Braun's assessment differed

from the previous one, including a second-growth Douglas fir next to

Seminar II that was cut down because of root rot that Braun found no

signs of. " While I looked at only eight to 10 trees, it seemed like a

high rate of error, perhaps a quality-control problem with the

collection and entering of data, " Braun said Tuesday from his Hood

River office. " I'm not passing judgment on the report, " Braun said.

" On paper, it seemed reasonable, but it raised enough questions that

the school is owed a second look. " Rimerman said his major goal is to

stimulate long-range planning for how to sustain and restore the

forest ecology on campus in the face of ever-increasing development

around the property. Steve Herman, a retired Evergreen faculty member,

said the unmanaged forests at Evergreen are the college's greatest

environmental asset. " Think of 2050, " Herman said. " The college campus

forests could be a gem, if they don't sterilize the place. "

http://www.theolympian.com/570/story/283641.html

 

Oregon:

 

5) The research team measured the effects of fuel treatments in a

Douglas-fir--tanoak forest. Scientists were fortunate to have data

collected before the Biscuit Fire with which to directly quantify the

relationship between forest structure and fire severity. The

effectiveness of two fuel treatments at reducing tree damage and

mortality was measured by comparing treated and untreated forests that

burned in the fire. " The number of trees killed in the Biscuit Fire

was highest in the thinned areas we studied, most likely due to slash

left after the thinning treatment, " Raymond explains. " Overstory tree

mortality was lowest in sites that were thinned and then underburned,

and moderate in sites that were not treated prior to the Biscuit Fire.

Thinning ladder fuels is just the first step in effective fuel

treatment for most forests. " Ladder fuels are the small trees that

carry fire from the ground to the overstory tree crowns. Fuel

treatments intended to minimize damage to the overstory are more

effective if fine fuels on the ground are reduced following removal of

understory trees. " We have known this in principle for many years, "

says Peterson, a research biologist at the Station, " and the Biscuit

Fire gave us a chance to validate the effectiveness of on-the-ground

fuel treatments. " Federal agencies are mandated to reduce fuel

accumulations in dry forests throughout the West. However, studies

like the one conducted by Raymond and Peterson that validate the

effectiveness of fuel treatments are rare. " Data from the Biscuit Fire

provide new scientific evidence that will help improve techniques for

treating fuels. As more wildfires burn through treated areas, we will

have additional opportunities to document how well those treatments

are working, " adds Peterson.

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2006/03/060312211341.htm

 

6) Zybach is a former reforestation contractor who earned a Ph.D in

2003 from Oregon State University, studying catastrophic wildfire

history in western Oregon. He has spent the summer studying the South

Santiam and Blue River headwaters on contract from the Grand Ronde

Indian nation. His 80-page report on how the forests were used by

Santiam Molalla Indians between 1750 and 1850, before white settlers

began arriving in droves, is going through peer review by other

scientists and experts, and he will speak on some of his findings to

the South Santiam Watershed Council tonight at the Lebanon Senior

Center. He said he plans to focus on the difference between the ways

the Kalapuya and Molalla tribes used the forest for commercial

purposes and how those uses have changed since white settlement. " The

history of land use will be the main theme and I'll talk about how

that is reflected in water quality and fish numbers, " he said. Zybach,

59, was born into a family of loggers, though his father owned a

tavern. He started planting trees as a schoolboy in the Tillamook Burn

45 years ago and later ran Phoenix Reforestation Inc. in Western

Oregon for some 20 years that was the subject of an Inc. Magazine in

1982. " My crews did about 80,000 acres of reforestation and I

personally planted over 2 million trees, " he said. " How did I become

unemployed? He has been involved in a wide variety of studies since

then and runs a company called Northwest Maps, through which he does

consulting work, political opinions and scientific research and

communication. He also has been program manager for Oregon Watersheds

and Websites Inc., which offers on-line tools for the learning about

and stewardship of Oregon's watershed resources. " The important thing

that people in Washington D.C. need to know is that the forests to the

east of Sweet Home have deteriorated significantly in the last 50

years and created an extreme wildfire risk to rural and urban

residents in the Sweet Home area, " he said in an interview last week.

http://www.sweethomenews.com/news/story.cfm?story_no=7669

 

California:

 

7) Snyder's lifelong passion and commitment to place and the natural

world flourished in his forested setting. When logging trucks began

lumbering down his road carrying large-diameter trees, his concern

helped form the Yuba Watershed Institute in 1990. The close-knit Ridge

community founded the group to help protect the last stands of

old-growth trees in the area and the wildlife such as spotted owls

that nested there. The Yuba Watershed Institute and the Bureau of Land

Management now cooperatively manage 1,800 acres of public and private

forested land by thinning brush and small trees to help " speed up the

process " of reaching an old growth forest. " That's a different kind of

relationship than most environmental groups. We're critical of

agencies, but we don't demonize them, " Snyder said. In the coming

century, the institute's goal is to selectively harvest a few quality

old growth trees to show how sustainable forestry can be done. " The

Yuba Watershed Institute is not intrinsically against logging, " Snyder

said. The land became known as the 'Inimim Forest, paying tribute to

the Native Americans who once lived there. 'Inimim is the Maidu word

for ponderosa pine. Every year, the partners clear brush and small

trees with equipment and control burns to give remaining trees room to

grow. http://www.theunion.com/article/20071128/NEWS/111280130

 

8) Roughly a month after the Ranch Fire blazed through the Angeles and

Los Padres national forests, an assessment report has been released

and the U.S. Forest Service has allocated $114,562 to implement the

report's recommended treatment methods. Under the Burned Area

Emergency Response Assessment Report, approved treatment methods for

the Ranch Fire include: 1) road stabilization to restore road drainage

function, culvert and side drain repair and maintenance of Piru Lake

Road, 2) strengthen waterbars and dips and outslope the trail tread on

Potholes Trail, 3) placement of six warning signs, 4) conduct a

noxious weeds survey --- " We received the authorization to work on the

treatment methods, " said Kathy Good, Public Affairs Officer for Los

Padres National Forest. According to Good, the team of analysts who

prepare the report include specialists knowledgeable about each aspect

of forest life and terrain. Each specialist recommends the issues that

need be addressed immediately after the fire is contained. " One of the

processes of the Burned Area Emergency Response Assessment Report is

to assess the threat immediately and make recommendations on what

needs to be addressed upon completion of the report, " she said.

http://www.the-signal.com/?module=displaystory & story_id=51929 & format=html

 

9) John Smith knows sidewalks. He is, after all, the former Inyo

County director of public works. So it's with a growing sense of

frustration that Smith is trying to prevent Caltrans from ripping out

trees on and near his property to build what he calls " sidewalks to

nowhere. " His lifelong domain has been a wood-frame house in a grove

of elms and sycamores at the north end of this isolated burg on the

eastern flank of the Sierra Nevada. Caltrans engineers say 100 trees

are standing in the way of plans to widen a stretch of Highway 395,

the town's main thoroughfare, from two to four lanes and line it with

about 400 feet of sidewalks. The project, they say, would improve

safety and the flow of vehicles on the rural fringe of the community

200 miles north of Los Angeles, where a third of the traffic on any

given day consists of Southern Californian vacationers. Though

sidewalks appear intermittently in Independence, none run the length

of the town, and the extra 400 feet proposed by Caltrans wouldn't

change that. West of Highway 395, the sidewalks would front vacant

land, not houses.Standing beside one of his massive sycamore trees a

stone's throw from wide-open high desert country, Smith shook his

head. " I've lived here all my life, " he said, " and through it all,

these trees have provided shade to my home, my family and my gardens,

so I'd hate to see them go. " I want Caltrans to come up with something

more rational than sidewalks in the desert, " he added. " But when I ask

for one good reason why they want to cut down our trees, they say, 'It

fits our regulations.' I say regulations should be adjusted if they

don't make sense. "

http://www.latimes.com/news/printedition/california/la-me-trees26nov26,1,2019334\

..story?coll=la

-headlines-pe-california & ctrack=2 & cset=true

 

10) The Bohemian Club's board proposes harvesting as much as 1 million

board feet (305,000 meters) of redwood and other trees annually, which

it says will help protect the remaining trees from wildfires. Some

members disagree -- at least one to the point of quitting. California

redwoods are the tallest trees in the world. The 2,700-acre

(1,100-hectare) Bohemian Grove also has tanbark oaks and Douglas firs

among its hundreds of thousands of trees, says Ralph Osterling, a

30-year club member and licensed forester. The lumber the club seeks

to cut each year is the equivalent of about 1,000 average-size

redwoods, according to Brian Steen, executive director of the

Sempervirens Fund, a Los Altos, California-based land preservation

group. The Bohemian Club will take on its critics, including the

Sierra Club, at a public hearing before the California Department of

Forestry and Fire Protection as early as next month. For two decades,

the Bohemian Club used short-term permits to cut an average of 500,000

board feet of lumber a year. In May 2006, the board petitioned the

forestry department for the right to harvest about twice that much

annually in perpetuity. The club doesn't think enough trees are being

cut down to reduce the fire risk sufficiently, Osterling says. It

wants the right in perpetuity because obtaining short-term permits is

time-consuming. The Bohemians won't touch old-growth stands, where

some trees are more than 1,000 years old, unless they are sick or on

the verge of collapse, he says. Proceeds of the lumber sales will be

used for forest management, Osterling says. A million board feet would

sell for about $253,000, based on current prices for January lumber

futures at the Chicago Mercantile Exchange. Outsiders as well as

members are divided on whether thinning the trees will hurt or help.

Philip Rundel, distinguished professor of biology at the University of

California, Los Angeles, says removing trees may backfire. Opening

gaps in a mature redwood forest encourages growth of small, flammable

plants, creating ``fuel ladders'' that allow fire to spread, he says.

California politicians disagree about the plan. Assemblywoman Patty

Berg, whose district includes Monte Rio, says it could undermine a

valuable natural resource. Assemblyman Roger Niello, a Bohemian Club

member, says he supports the proposal.

http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601103 & sid=a5c73co5CkN0 & refer=us

 

Montana:

 

11) The Big Sky Coalition is moving forward with legislation, hopes to

participate on the Bitterroot National Forest's restoration committee,

and may seek to launch education campaigns directed at East Coast and

West Coast environmentalists, organizers told the Chronicle Tuesday.

The group, which characterizes itself as " environmentalists with

common sense, " drew an eye-popping 650 people to a public

informational meeting in Hamilton earlier this month, with the crowd

overwhelmingly in support of increased logging on the national forests

as a way to mitigate catastrophic wildfires. The group has already

received over $10,500 in donations. The summer's smoke in the

valley--again--frustrated a lot of Bitterrooters, explained organizer

Tom Robak. " After the smoke started to die down, we spent a lot of

time talking to people, and everybody had the same message---this is

getting old. We need to try something different. " He and his wife

Charlotte decided to rent the county fairgrounds, advertise a meeting,

and find out if other people felt the same way. " We have no ties to

the logging industry. We're not loggers. Let's find out what would

happen if we did that. " The first guy he approached wrote a check for

$3,000, Tom said. " I went, 'Wow, I guess I've got to do this now.' "

Organizer Sonny LaSalle explained, " This is just not the timber

industry saying, 'We need more logs.' This is the common everyday

citizen saying, 'I'm tired of the situation the way it is. It's only

going to get worse and we want something done.' We believe there is

something that can be done, and that the silent majority needs to

become the vocal majority. "

That silent majority has felt disenfranchised and helpless, he said,

watching from the sidelines while the courts and Forest Service

interact only with litigants. " We in the Coalition honestly believe

there are things we can do, and the way we can do it is by speaking

with one large voice to our elected officials at the state and the

national levels. "

http://www.clarkforkchronicle.com/article.php/20071128124546340

 

12) In attempt to divvy up lands on the BDNF, the Montana Wilderness

Association (MWA), National Wildlife Federation (NWF), and Trout

Unlimited (TU) have reached a joint agreement with representatives of

the timber industry and other interest groups called the Beaverhead

Deerlodge Partnership (BDP). With the support of these conservation

groups, this plan proposes logging up to 730,000 acres of the BDNF in

exchange for timber industry support of 570,000 acres of new

wilderness areas. Not only is this proposal a tripling of logging over

what the BDNF originally determined as suitable for timber cutting in

its forest plan, but it also involves potential entry into 200,000

acres of roadless lands. The BDP is based upon false premises. To

justify this increased logging, these conservation groups have adopted

the pejorative language of the timber industry, including words such

as " unhealthy " forests, " catastrophic " fires, and other terms that

feed public misconceptions about our forests and associated natural

processes like wildfire and periodic insect population increases. And

in what can only be called Orwellian, these conservation groups also

support increased logging to fund rehabilitation of past, present and

future logging impacts. This is like advocating the construction of

casinos and using their profits to fund rehabilitation of gamblers.

Nearly all of the roadless lands proposed for wilderness lie outside

of what the FS considers the suitable timber base. In other words, the

timber industry would never get to log these lands anyway. With the

full complicity of the MWA, TU, and NWF, the timber industry is

getting access to more logs than they could even get from the Forest

Service, while giving up virtually nothing by supporting wilderness.

http://www.counterpunch.org/wuerthner11292007.html

 

 

Minnesota:

 

13) Forestry consultant Justin Miller was on site when the MDOT heavy

equipment operators found themselves dredging up more logs than sand.

Miller, who had been preparing a management plan for the forested

sections of Myllyla's property, was a 2000 graduate of Michigan

Technological University's School of Forest Resources and

Environmental Science, and he knew just whom to call. " I'll rush right

down and take a look, " James Schmierer responded. The forester from

Michigan Tech was there within 24 hours. What he saw amazed him. " We

find a lot of trees lying on the forest floor, but this was the first

time I've seen so many trees thousands of years old and so well

preserved in the soil, " he said. Dozens were tangled together, some of

them 20 feet long and more than 2 feet in diameter. " What could bury a

whole forest 15 feet underground? " Schmierer wondered. " It had to be a

single catastrophic, violent event, and it must have happened a long

time ago for 15 feet of soil to build up. " Schmierer and his

colleague, Michael Hyslop, a GIS analyst and instructor of

geomorphology and vegetation at Michigan Tech, speculate that the

trees were either transported or mowed down by the last glacier to

move across the Keweenaw, before Lake Superior covered the peninsula.

" That would make them more than 10,000 years old, " he said. Schmierer

and Hyslop have recovered some of the logs and are hoping to

carbon-date them. Schmierer also hopes to identify the species of

tree. " If I had to guess, I'd say it was an elm, " said Miller, " but I

really don't know. I'll be real curious to find out how old they are

and what species. " Schmierer plans to make two displays from chunks of

the ancient trees, one to put on exhibit at Alberta Village, the

Michigan Tech School of Forestry's field site, and the other for the

atrium of the U.J. Noblet Forestry Building on campus. " And Michigan

Tech is going to give me one as a momento, " said Myllyla.

http://www.terradaily.com/reports/A_Prehistoric_Forest_Emerges_From_A_Farmer_Pon\

d_999.html

 

Maryland:

 

14) The U.S. Army will cut nearly 300 acres of forest to move

sensitive departments at Fort Meade closer to the installation's

center and expand for incoming military employees. The Army released

its final report on how it will accommodate nearly 6,000 new jobs and

an additional 5 million square feet of office space accompanying the

Base Realignment and Closure program. The report listed environmental

impacts, disturbance of wildlife and transportation as the most

significant negative effects new construction will create. The Army

wants to build over its two golf courses in the center of the fort to

make way for the new employees and buildings and to provide better

security. But all golf is not lost — Fort Meade will build two new

golf courses on 367 acres of wooded property near Route 175. The

Department of the Interior suggested the Army use golf courses in Anne

Arundel and limit development by private contractors, but the Army

said the number of golfers would be too great to share the county's

golf courses, according to the report released Monday. The Army plans

to mitigate the effect with stormwater management practices approved

by the Maryland Department of Environment. The Army also will monitor

nutrients from the golf course entering the watershed of the

neighboring Patuxent Wildlife Refuge. " Use of this land as a golf

course rather than as a site for construction of new facilities still

strikes us as the most responsible use of the space, " said fort

spokesman Travis Edwards, who added that the golf courses fund youth

services at the fort.

http://www.examiner.com/a-1072621~Army_to_raze_forests_at_Meade.html?cid=rss-Bal\

timore

 

New York:

 

15) A study by Indiana University researchers found the chlorinated

flame retardant Dechlorane Plus in the bark of trees across the

northeastern United States, with by far the highest concentrations

measured near the Niagara Falls, N.Y., factory where this chemical is

produced. The study, by Xinghua Qui and Ronald A. Hites of the IU

School of Public and Environmental Affairs, was published online last

week by the journal Environmental Science & Technology. Hites is a

Distinguished Professor and director of the Environmental Science

Research Center at SPEA; Qui is a postdoctoral research scientist.

Hites said the study demonstrates that tree bark can be used as

nature's own passive sampling device for detecting the presence and

relative concentrations of chemicals in the air. Rough, porous and

high in lipids, tree bark soaks up airborne gases and particles, then

keeps them protected from the elements. The study, " Dechlorane Plus

and Other Flame Retardants in Tree Bark from the Northeastern United

States, " provides the first data on the prevalence of the chemical in

the atmosphere outside of the Great Lakes area. It identifies the

epicenter of DP concentrations as being near the factory where the

chemical is produced by OxyChem (Occidental Petroleum Corp.).

Concentrations in tree bark within a few miles of the factory were

several thousand times higher than those found in bark at more distant

sampling sites, including Indiana, Virginia and Maryland.

http://www.treehugger.com2007/11/northeastern_us_1.php

 

Georgia:

 

16) Mountaintown is a special place in the Chattahoochee National

Forest. It contains the headwaters for Mountaintown Creek, one of

Georgia's premier trout streams. The area is marked by steep ravines,

many creeks, rare plants and old-growth forests. Mountaintown is a

popular destination for traditional hunting, camping and fishing. From

the 1960s to 1996, the U.S. Forest Service was busily building

hundreds of miles of roads and clear-cutting thousands of acres of our

public forest. Here in Gilmer County, many landowners downstream of

these " improvements " were outraged as streams ran red with mud, old

hunting and fishing haunts were ruined by clear-cuts and the agency

wouldn't even maintain its logging roads. The Forest Service was not a

good neighbor, prompting concern about the future of special areas

like Mountaintown. Forest planning rolled around in 1997, and for five

years we understood that Mountaintown was included in the plan as

" Wilderness Study, " indicating agency support for designating the area

as wilderness. At the end of the planning process, the agency dropped

the " Wilderness Study " designation. Local folks were very

disappointed. Before long, we saw growing momentum for something to be

done to permanently protect Mountaintown. It was not long before a

local resolution for protection garnered more than 900 signatures.

Regular citizens and local leaders alike were realizing the new role

national forests were coming to play for our changing North Georgia

economy. Traditional uses like hunting and fishing continued, but many

new folks were coming to our area to recreate, to build second homes,

to retire, to start new businesses. Citizens realized special areas

should stay special. Deal was approached and suggested we hold a town

hall meeting and engage the U.S. Forest Service one last time. The

agency's position did not budge, but nearly 200 folks attended the

town hall meeting, most in support of further protection. Deal

listened to the local residents and is working with them to protect

Mountaintown as a National Scenic Area. That means no new roads, no

commercial timber harvest. Hunters and fishermen, hikers and campers,

nature lovers and anyone who just wants to walk in and get away from

their hectic life will find a place of beauty and solitude for

contemplating the Creator's handiwork. The Scenic bill will maintain

the area as it is and preserve it for future generations.

http://www.ajc.com/opinion/content/opinion/stories/2007/11/29/mountainsed_1130.h\

tml

 

Canada:

 

17) Just three weeks into the job, Natural Resources Minister Donna

Cansfield has angered environmentalists over whether to curb, or even

ban, logging in Algonquin Provincial Park. She'll probably come under

more pressure next week, when provincial environmental commissioner

Gord Miller releases his annual report. Although it's not usually

evident to the million or so people who camp, canoe or hike each year

in Ontario's oldest park, trees can be cut down and hauled out of more

than three-quarters of the popular " wilderness " preserve. While

logging areas and seasons are separated as much as possible from

tourist routes, " it's not a park with logging in it; it's an

industrial zone that permits canoeing, " says Evan Ferrari, of CPAWS

Wildlands League, an advocacy group – and chapter of the Canadian

Parks and Wilderness Society – originally formed to preserve the

park.Current practices threaten birds, animals and old-growth trees in

the 763,000-hectare park, four hours' drive north of Toronto, he said

in an interview yesterday.The league and other groups want Cansfield

to change a policy that's been a cornerstone of the park since it was

created in 1892.The province, they say, should at least adopt a recent

recommendation from the Ontario Parks Board, a government agency, that

the area protected from logging be increased from 22 per cent to 54

per cent. The move would allow logging to continue at its current

rate, but in a smaller area, the board said in a report made public

last May. The Algonquin Forestry Authority, the crown corporation that

allocates cutting areas in the park to forestry companies, said it

supports a protected area only slightly smaller than what the board

proposed. http://www.thestar.com/sciencetech/article/280575

 

UK:

 

18) It may be cold and damp with a chill wind in the air, but Brian

and Jill Woodward's sheltered clearing in the middle of their woodland

is always warm and welcoming. This is where they set up camp and cook

bacon and eggs on the stove. Sometimes they just sit in silence,

watching the wildlife and marvelling at nature. There are deer in

their woods and squirrels, as well as butterflies and birds including

woodpeckers, wrens and ravens. There are foxgloves, bluebells,

bilberries and blackberries and a host of wild mushrooms. It is their

sanctuary, an escape from the pressures of everyday life. " It is good

for your mind, to go somewhere different away from work and the house

and the garden, where there are always things you have to do, and just

switch off, " says Jill. The self-employed leather workers are part of

a growing band of people buying their own small patch of woodland -

with prices starting at about £5,000 an acre - purely for pleasure.

It's a way of ensuring that previously neglected woods are cared for,

although not all woodland experts agree that dividing up huge areas in

this way is the best way to protect biodiversity. Brian and Jill

bought the wood, at Brancepeth, near Durham, from Woodlands.co.uk, a

company which specialises in buying larger woodlands and parcelling

them into smaller plots to sell to individuals. The company's North of

England manager, Dan Watson, has seen sales more than double over the

past three years. He has sold about 70 small woods in the North in the

last six years, including 20 recently in Durham and at Wynyard, near

Billingham. Dan feels buyers like the idea of owning a part of the

great British countryside. " Most of all, they are buying for the love

of the woods, " he says. But it is also an investment opportunity.

" Previously, people who had some disposable income might have bought a

house as an investment, but now that is beyond most people's reach.

Instead of buying stocks and shares, conservation-minded families see

it as a medium to long term investment while being able to use and

enjoy it as well. "

http://www.thisisthenortheast.co.uk/features/leader/display.var.1868046.0.the_wo\

odlanders.php

 

 

19) Planting more trees could be the key to cutting CO2 emissions by

20 per cent by 2020, according to a new scientific study. Between 1990

and 2005 the expansion of forests in the 27 EU countries absorbed an

additional 126m tonnes of carbon each year - equal to 11 per cent of

the continent's emissions. The findings stunned a research team from

the University of Helsinki who had in 1992 estimated the rate of

increase of CO2 absorption through the expansion of forests at no more

than 5 per cent. " This shows that forests have been more important

than switching to renewables in combating carbon emissions. Renewables

have a part to play but they don't have as big a role as forests, "

said Professor Pekka E Kauppi who led the research. The researchers,

writing in UK journal Energy Policy, said meeting the ambitious goal

would require more than energy efficiency, new technology and

reduction of non-CO2 gasses such as methane. Giving carbon credit for

expansion of forests could also play a decisive role. The performance

of the forests as effective carbon sinks rate varied from 10 per cent

in the 15 old member states - Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland,

France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands,

Portugal, Spain, Sweden, UK - to 15 per cent in the 12 new states

(Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia,

Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia). In Latvia

forests more than offset per capita emissions and forests in

Lithuania, Sweden, Slovenia, Bulgaria and Finland absorbed a large

part of national emissions. But it did not have such a big impact on

lightly-forested countries such as Belgium, Ireland, the Netherlands,

Cyprus and Denmark. Last year Prof. Kauppi and his international team

revealed the shift from clearing to planting trees in the world's most

forested nations. They urged a more sophisticated approach to

measuring forest cover that considered not just the area of forest but

also the density of trees per hectare. The team calculated the biomass

and atmospheric carbon stored in forests and reported that forests had

in fact expanded over the past 15 years in 22 of the 50 countries with

most forest, including several EU members.

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/main.jhtml;jsessionid=WW44VN03JFY4NQFIQMFSFFWAV\

CBQ0IV0?xml=/ear

th/2007/11/29/eaforest129.xml

 

Czechoslovakia:

 

20) An announcement made by Agriculture Minister Petr Gandalovic on

Friday was surprising: the government, he said, was considering

selling off some of the country's state-owned forests to private

companies. I spoke to Vojtech Kotecky of the Friends of the Earth

organisation, which is very much against the idea. " I think it would

be bad for sustainable management of Czech forests because it would

substantially limit the government's ability to promote more

non-productive functions of our forest, like recreation or promotion

of biological diversity. " Q: So it would be difficult to control the

private companies in terms of nature protection. A: " The problem is

that the government can set standards in forestry law for sustainable

management. If the government owns the forests it can put sustainable

limits over timber production and it can use management practices that

wouldn't be used in purely commercial forestry. For example to improve

the health of our forests we need to reduce clear cutting and replace

it with more sustainable harvesting methods. " Q: So what do you think

are the main reasons behind the decision to privatise the forests? A:

" It seems that it is an immediate reaction of the minister to the

chaos within the commercial relationships between the state forest

company and private companies which provide it with services such as

logging trees. There have been long-term conflicts over those

contracts and many contractors sued the state forest company. Now it

seems that the minister wants to avoid future discussion over the

relationship between state forest and private contractors with simply

selling the state forest. " Q: If the forests were in private hands,

will it in any way limit the access of the public to the forests? A:

" No, the problem is not with the access of the public to the forests.

We have the right to roam and everybody has got a right to enter

private forest land. There has always been a tradition of state

forests in the Czech Republic and no-one ever questioned that. And

actually I don't think that this proposal will be successful because

it would meet with very strong reaction from the public and from the

political parties. " http://www.radio.cz/en/article/98066

 

 

Ecuador:

 

21) BBC Television Newsnight has been able to get close-in film of a

new Cofan Indian ritual deep in the heart of the Amazonian rainforest.

Known as " The Filing of the Law Suit, " natives of Ecuador's jungle,

decked in feathers and war paint and heavily armed with lawyers, are

filmed presenting a new complaint in their litigation seeking $12

billion from Chevron Inc., the international oil goliath. It would all

be a poignant joke - except that the indigenous tribe is suddenly the

odds-on favorite to defeat the oil company known for naming its

largest tanker, " Condoleezza, " after former Chevron director, US

Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice. For Newsnight, reporter Greg

Palast, steps (somewhat inelegantly) into a dug-out log canoe to seek

out the Cofan in their rainforest village to investigate their

allegations. Palast discovers stinking pits of old oil drilling

residue leaking into drinking water - and meets farmers whose limbs

are covered in pustules. The Cofan's leader, Emergildo Criollo, tells

Palast that when Texaco Oil, now part of Chevron, came to the village

in 1972, it obtained permission to drill by offering the Indians candy

and cheese. The indigenous folk threw the funny-selling cheese into

the jungle. Criollo says his three-year son died from oil

contamination after, " He went swimming, then began vomiting blood. "

Flying out of the rainforest, past the Andes volcanoes, Palast gets

the other side of the story in Ecuador's capitol, Quito. " It's the

largest fraud in history! " asserts Chevron lawyer Jaime Varela

reacting to the Cofan law suits against his company. Chevron-Texaco,

Varela insists, cleaned up all its contaminated oil pits when it

abandoned the country nearly 15 years ago - except those pits it left

in the hands of Ecuador's own state oil company.

http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/HL0711/S00417.htm

Argentina:

 

22) Pressure exerted by civil society and the creation of a

compensation fund were crucial in securing the passage of a national

law suspending all logging in native forests in Argentina, until such

time as each province has a land use plan defining forest areas to

remain untouched, and those that may be developed. In the early hours

of Thursday morning, the lower chamber unanimously approved the law on

minimum environmental protection standards for native forests, which

had been passed by the senate a week earlier, with amendments. It took

the bill 18 months to make it through Congress. Provincial governments

will not be able to grant logging permits for one year, and if they

delay their land use plan, for which strict guidelines are given in

the text of the law, the suspension will be extended. " This is a huge

stride, we have overcome a giant hurdle, and now we have a very good

instrument " to protect the forests, Hernán Giardini, coordinator of

the forest campaign in Greenpeace Argentina, which spearheaded the

lobbying for the law together with some 30 other environmental and

social organisations, told IPS. Native forests in this country covered

127 million hectares a century ago, but now there are only 31 million

hectares, mainly because of the uncontrolled expansion of the

agricultural frontier. According to satellite images provided by the

Secretariat of the Environment and Sustainable Development, 300,000

hectares of forest are being lost every year. The draft law ran into

heavy resistance from lawmakers from northern provinces, such as

Salta, Misiones, Chaco and Santiago del Estero, who are in favour of

maintaining the right to exploit the forests, even in nature reserves

or areas lived in by indigenous peoples who depend on forest

resources. In May 2006, a preliminary draft was submitted by

Greenpeace, the Argentine Wildlife Foundation (FVSA) and the

Environment and Natural Resources Foundation (FARN), among other

organisations, with the goal of declaring a one-year moratorium on

logging. http://www.ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=40277

 

Brazil:

 

23) The Amazon rainforest can withstand climate change and can help to

mend the global climate as long as enough forest cover is protected,

scientists said. Previous computer simulations by the Meteorological

Office's Hadley Centre suggested that if global average temperatures

rose more than 3ºC - the amount predicted by the end of this century -

the Amazon forest would be likely to dry out and the rainfall in the

region would drop. Researchers say there is mounting scientific

evidence that intact Amazon forests are more resilient to drying out

than was previously suggested because of their deep root systems and

because plants would acclimatise to increased temperatures and lack of

water. However, where fragmentation and clearing has already occurred,

forests are more vulnerable to drying out and the spread of fires,

according to an article in the journal Science. Scientists calculated

that the zone with the highest drought risk is in the south east, with

a 70-80 per cent risk, while the risk of drying out in the west is

only 20 per cent. Prof Yadvinder Malhi from Oxford university, which

led the research with the Met Office in conjunction with some of the

world's leading experts on the Amazon, said: " The latest science

points to intact rainforests being fairly resistant to a possibly

drier 21st century climate in the eastern half of Amazonia. " However,

this resistance breaks down when the forests are opened up and

fragmented by roads, logging and agriculture, and become vulnerable to

fires. Once burnt, a forest becomes even more vulnerable to the risk

of fires. " Once the forest starts breaking up, rainfall in the region

is likely to decline. Hence maintaining sufficient forest cover in

Amazonia is an effective means of protecting the region from climate

change, as well as directly contributing to slowing down global

warming. " Scientists involved in writing the paper will be among the

experts attending next week's UN conference in Bali next week where

new financial mechanisms for funding the protection of standing forest

will be high on the agenda.

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/main.jhtml?xml=/earth/2007/11/29/eaforest229.xm\

l

 

 

24) Dr. Josef Kellndorfer, who is leading the project for the Center,

says, " The Japanese Space Agency JAXA has launched an amazing sensor

which exhibits unprecedented geometric and radiometric accuracies

allowing us to generate high quality cloud free radar image mosaics

with nearly no user interaction required. The ALOS observation plan

will ensure, that these high-resolution data are acquired several

times per year for years to come. With a strong sensitivity of the

ALOS radar imaging sensor to vegetation structure, this marks a new

era in remote sensing of natural resources. " The image mosaic is a

composite of 116 individual scenes acquired by the Phased Array L-Band

SAR (PALSAR) carried on board ALOS. The acquisition was made over the

Xingu basin in Mato Grosso, Brazil, between June 8 and July 22, 2007.

From the mosaic, Dr. Kellndorfer's group has generated a preliminary

land cover classification with emphasis on producing an accurate

forest/nonforest map. In the forested areas, the sensitivity of the

PALSAR data to differences in aboveground biomass is also being

investigated in collaboration with the Amazon Institute of

Environmental Research (IPAM). " The area that is mapped with the

mosaic of images centers on the headwaters of the Xingu River, one of

the Amazon's mighty tributaries. The indigenous groups, soy farmers,

smallholders, and ranchers that live in this region are top candidates

to receive payments for reducing their carbon emissions. Where this

has previously taken us several months to prepare, this new mosaic

took only a few days, a turnaround window that carries real

significance. " says Woods Hole Research Center senior scientist Daniel

Nepstad. http://www.eorc.jaxa.jp/ALOS/index.htm

 

25) Perhaps the most cogent discussion in " The Perfect Storm in the

Amazon " is the recognition that deforestation is caused by individuals

responding to economic opportunity. The desire of the individual to

make money is often made to look like avarice, but the people involved

have a completely different perception of their actions. They feel

that they are building a nation and know they are supporting their

families; even agro-industrial magnates are convinced they do well by

providing jobs to rural and urban populations. To save the Amazon,

society must provide economically attractive alternatives to

individuals rather than invoking ecological disaster or moral

reprobation. Working with communities is essential, but ignoring the

motivations that govern the actions of the individual will lead –

indeed, has led – to failure. So how to create a new development

paradigm for the Amazon, one that embraces both the utilitarian and

utopian scenarios described earlier? The focus must be on economic

growth, job creation and forest conservation. Some of these ideas have

been around for decades but are now proposed in the context of an

integrated regional transportation system and access to global

markets. The more notable examples include long-rotational forest

management, fish farming and tourism, as well as the potential for

replicating the experience of Manaus to create urban economies based

on technology and services. The capital of Brazil's Amazonas State,

Manaus is home to a number of mobile phone manufacturing plants. The

potential for biofuels is a double-edged sword. Biofuels can transform

the productive capacity of approximately 65 m hectares of previously

deforested land, or lead to a massive new deforestation cycle if the

current development paradigm is replicated along the transportation

corridors planned by IIRSA.

http://environmentalresearchweb.org/cws/article/opinion/32013

 

 

Japan:

 

26) Ornamental cherry trees all over the Japanese archipelago have

been blossoming unseasonably this fall, according to local media

reports. A few sakura trees—as they are known in Japan—bloom in fall

most years. But with more blossoms appearing earlier this year, there

is concern that climate change is affecting a much-loved national

symbol of spring. The popular Somei Yoshino variety of cherry tree

produces buds in mid-summer, but a hormone in the leaves causes the

buds to hibernate. When the leaves fall from the tree in spring, the

flowers blossom, creating for a few short days a brilliant cloud of

white to pale pink blooms. If the tree loses its leaves prematurely

for any reason while the weather is warm, the buds may bloom early—and

once they have bloomed, they won't flower again that year.According to

Hiroyuki Wada, chief researcher at the Flower Association of Japan,

this year a number of factors have contributed to cherry trees' early

leaf loss. One was an unusually dry, hot summer followed by a severe

typhoon that stripped many trees of their leaves. Another was a warm,

late fall that allowed leaf-eating cherry caterpillars and fall

webworms to flourish.

http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2007/11/071127-cherry-blossoms.html

 

 

27) The speakers maintained an air of authority as they spoke

scientifically and bureaucratically about forest management. The

volunteers were left to listen and shuffle through a small mountain of

paper. By lunchtime all of us were itching to get outside--not so much

to be in the forest (as was the supposed goal of the day)--but just

out of sure boredom. After lunch we did finally begin our small trek

up to the bamboo forests at the top of what is known as Tennozan

mountain. At the foot of the mountain was a shrine whose bright orange

paint managed to pierce through the blazing red of the Japanese

maples. Bamboo stands also resided near the shrine and we visited a

makeshift studio used by local volunteers (exclusively middle-aged

men) to make various trinkets using the trees they have harvested--and

also, presumably, to escape their wives and children for an afternoon.

About halfway up the mountain the bamboo forest gave way, quite

starkly, to stands of akamatsu (red pine). A few more vertical meters,

followed by a sharp turn to the south, brought us back into the bamboo

forest. Stands on one side off the small mountain path were clean and

spaced so that someone walking with an opened umbrella could make

their way through, while those on the other were crowded and strewn

with deadfall. I saw several trees marked with a Japanese sa, which I

latter learned stood for sa-n-to-ri (Suntory), the local beer brewery.

After about a half an hour's walk we gathered within the bamboo to

listen to instructions from an experienced forester. The forester was

an 82 year old gentleman who had lived his entire life in a house near

the base of the mountain. He talked to us about the history of the

forest, how bamboo had not even existed in the location until after

the war, and stressed the need for thinning. As he began to discuss

felling techniques, I looked around and saw the markings of wild boar

that had been digging for takenoko (bamboo shoots)--a local delicacy

for boars and humans alike. The old forester exhibited how to fell a

bamboo tree, and how to use ropes in order to release it from the

grasp of neighboring branches and gently slip it to the ground. Next,

each of the volunteers had a chance to fell a couple of trees. After

each tree fell we stripped its branches and cut it into 2-3 meter

lengths, which we stacked on existing piles. Having volunteered two

weeks in a row now, I can tell you that it is great fun to fell trees.

After our destructive tendencies were satiated we made our way back

down the mountain, cleaned saws, and said our goodbyes.

http://ericjc.blogspot.com/2007/11/spirit-and-forests.html

 

Australia:

 

28) The Greens Leader, Senator Bob Brown, is considering a High Court

challenge after a decision by the Federal Court today to overturn a

ban on logging in Tasmania's Wielangta State Forest. Last year the

Federal Court ruled that logging the forest was illegal because it

impacted on 3 threatened species. Forestry Tasmania appealed against

the decision. Today a full bench of the Federal Court unanimously

decided in favour of the forestry company. The court said because the

forestry operations were done in accord with the Regional Forestry

Agreement they were exempt from the Environment Protection and

Biodiversity Conservation Act. Senator Brown says his battle to save

the forest from logging is not over. " Let me make this unequivocal, "

he said. " We will continue to pursue this matter of defending

Tasmania's great forests and their wildlife in the courts, in the

political arena and in the public arena and in the forests. "

http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2007/11/30/2106640.htm

 

29) Forestry Tasmania has received a $25,000 fine for logging in the

wrong area of the Arve Loop Forest Reserve in May. Forestry says the

overcut was not intentional and was caused by a combination of

equipment malfunction, human error and failure to follow correct

protocols for boundary marking. The Tasmanian Greens leader Peg Putt

says slapdash logging without accurate boundary markings is

unpardonable. The Greens say the only way to keep reserves safe is to

have a buffer zone between the reserve and logging operations.

http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2007/11/30/2105724.htm

 

30) The Weld Valley and the Upper Florentine bordering the World

Heritage Area will be the main focus of this summer's conservation

efforts, environment groups say. Alongside direct action will be

efforts to lobby the World Heritage Committee, which is due to visit

the state next March. Activists want the World Heritage Area extended

to include adjacent areas of high conservation value which are in

danger of being logged. The Wilderness Society aims to have 500,000

hectares added to the state's protected forests. " The Wilderness

Society isn't organising any forest protests at the moment, but there

are some obvious flashpoints when it comes to other groups and other

individuals as well as the Upper Florentine and also the Weld, "

spokesman Geoff Law said. " Those are the two obvious ones, simply from

the point of view of where protests have occurred in the past and also

Forestry Tasmania's proposed logging operations. " He said lobbying of

the newly elected Labor Federal Government would be a high priority.

" We'll wait and see who the environment minister is and then start

putting our position to them and see how we go. " The Wilderness

Society proposal is to extend the Tasmanian wilderness World Heritage

Area to include adjacent areas of unlogged wilderness forests -- that

includes places in the Florentine and the Weld as well as a number of

other valleys. " If you look at the proposals statewide it adds up to

approximately 500,000 hectares of additional formal reserves. " Jenny

Webber from the Huon Valley Environment Centre said her group would be

keeping a watching brief on the Weld Valley. " There's a proposed

bridge going over the Weld River that Forestry Tasmania wants to build

and that's a huge concern for the Huon Valley Environment Centre.

" That will access a huge unprotected wilderness area which is of world

heritage value. "

http://www.news.com.au/mercury/story/0,22884,22835252-3462,00.html

 

World-wide:

 

31) Hao said deforestation fires - 80 percent of which occur in

tropical areas in South America, Africa and Southeast Asia - send a

destructive ripple effect through the world's ecosystems. That ripple

threatens human health, air and water quality, the atmosphere and

global climate, he said. The IPCC, which formed in 1988, was

established by two governmental bodies, the World Meteorological

Organization and the United Nations Environment Program. The panel's

role was to assess the best available scientific and socioeconomic

information on climate change around the world. The panel was divided

into three main groups of 200 individuals each, with headquarters in

Colorado, England and the Netherlands. Running, a well-known ecologist

and climate-change expert at UM, was a lead author for his part of the

project, which researched the effects of global warming on North

America. Hao, a soft-spoken man who is lesser known outside the

science community, also was a lead author. His chapter focused on

coming up with a methodology to quantify nitrous oxide, methane and

other greenhouse gases produced by fires in different ecosystems. It

took Hao a year to compile and synthesize the material into eight

pages for the IPCC report. Hao, 54, a native of Taiwan, received his

doctorate from Harvard University and worked for a time in Germany,

where he first studied the then-emerging field of fire chemistry. Hao

said he hopes his research promotes public understanding of how people

are contributing to climate change. But he said he didn't have any

solutions for stopping deforestation burning, which is done by both

impoverished peasants and wealthy corporations. He said his role was

to provide sound science to help policy-makers find the answers. " How

do we tell them to stop the burning? " he said. " It's part of their

life. The people doing it understand the consequences of what they're

doing, but the economic reality is they just keep doing it. "

http://www.missoulian.com/articles/2007/11/25/news/mtregional/znews06.txt

 

32) Predators chomp them up at alarming rates. Human development has

consumed their forest habitats. And, most alarmingly, says Texas A & M

University parrot specialist Don Brightsmith, demand from bird

collectors has created a thriving market in wild-caught birds. " Rarity

and beauty all contribute to the desire to have new and cool birds, "

said Brightsmith, who recently came to A & M's Schubot Exotic Bird

Center. As a result, more than one-quarter of the world's parrot

species are threatened with extinction, according to BirdLife

International. The threat to the colorful, talkative birds comes as

scientists have only just begun to seriously study and understand

them. Among the mysteries that scientists such as Brightsmith are

trying to understand is why some South American parrots eat dirt.

Understanding this peculiar behavior is key, he said, because bird

trappers grab parrots at clay licks, where hundreds can congregate at

a time. There are two primary theories about why parrots eat soil. The

first says that the birds eat soil to get minerals they need, most

notably sodium. Most of the food eaten by parrots has about half the

salt content of iceberg lettuce. But at tall river banks in South

America, parrots can tap into clay licks that contain as much sodium

per bite as salted french fries from McDonald's. At the Tambopata

Research Center in Peru, which Brightsmith often visits, as many as

1,700 birds show up at the site each day. Mothers also carry

sodium-rich soil to their nests to feed babies. " As a biologist, when

you first see this in person, you're like 'Wow, something really,

really special is going on here,' " Brightsmith said. There's a second

possible explanation for the behavior: Birds consume the soil to help

clear toxins from their body that they ingest from other parts of

their diet. Compounding the mystery is that some birds regularly eat

at the clay licks, but some never do. Scientists have only recently

begun rigorous study of parrots, Brightsmith said, because their

habitats are typically remote. But now, among other developments, new

technology has enabled scientists to study birds in their habitats

atop the rain forest tree canopies.

http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/metropolitan/5327936.html

 

33) The Nairobi-based UN Environment Programme (UNEP) said the mass

tree planting, inspired by Nobel Peace laureate Wangari Maathai, will

help mitigate effects of pollution and environmental deterioration.

" An initiative to catalyze the pledging and the planting of one

billion trees has achieved and indeed surpassed its mark. It is a

further sign of the breathtaking momentum witnessed this year on the

challenge for this generation -- climate change, " UNEP chief Achim

Steiner said in a statement. " Millions if not billions of people

around this world want an end to pollution and environmental

deterioration and have rolled up their sleeves and got their hands

dirty to prove the point, " he added. UNEP said the total number of

trees planted is still being collated, but developing countries top

the list with more than 700 million and 217 million planted in

Ethiopia and Mexico respectively. Ethiopia's high demand for fuel wood

and land for cropping and grazing has slashed its forest cover from

about 35 percent of its landmass in the early 20th century to just 4.2

percent by 2000, environmentalist say. Others planters include: Turkey

150 million, Kenya 100 million, Cuba 96.5 million, Rwanda 50 million,

South Korea 43 million, Tunisia 21 million, Morocco 20 million,

Myanmar 20 million and Brazil 16 million. Maathai's Green Belt

Movement planted 4.7 million trees, double the number it had initially

pledged, according to UNEP. The army has participated in

re-afforestation drives in Kenya and Mexico.

http://www.terradaily.com/reports/More_than_a_billion_trees_planted_in_2007_UN_9\

99.html

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