World wildlife warning

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http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/sci/tech/newsid_1318000/1318157.stm

 

Tuesday, 8 May, 2001, 09:15 GMT 10:15 UK

World wildlife warning

 

By BBC News Online's environment correspondent Alex Kirby

 

A report by two international scientific groups says global wildlife faces

the greatest extinction risk since the dinosaurs disappeared.

 

It says conservation strategies are failing, with nearly half the world's

major nature reserves being heavily used for agriculture.

 

Yet hunger and malnutrition are widespread in many biodiversity-rich areas.

 

The authors urge a new approach that will both feed hungry people and also

protect wildlife.

 

The report, Common Ground, Common Future: How ecoagriculture can help feed

the world and save wild biodiversity, is published by the Swiss-based IUCN

(The World Conservation Union) and Future Harvest, a Washington DC

agricultural research group.

 

Forest clearing

 

If forest clearing continues at present rates, it says, the world's forests

could lose more than half their remaining species by 2050.

 

It says nearly 24% of mammal species, more than 12% of birds and almost 14%

of plants are threatened with extinction today.

 

Yet the strategy of setting aside protected areas for wildlife is not

working, the report says.

 

A total of 45% of the world's major nature reserves are heavily used for

agriculture, or surrounded by intensively farmed land.

 

And people living in at least 16 of the world's 25 key biodiversity

hotspots, where wildlife is most at risk, suffer extreme malnutrition and

hunger, placing even greater stress on conservation efforts.

 

The authors say that if only the existing protected areas continue as

wildlife habitat, they will lose from 30% to 50% of their species, because

they do not contain large enough populations to maintain the species.

 

'Dying biodiversity'

 

The chief scientist of IUCN, Dr Jeffrey McNeely, says: " Protected areas are

fast becoming islands of dying biodiversity because of the agricultural

areas that surround them.

 

" Many animals need the ability to migrate in order to avoid extinction.

 

" Limited reserve areas cannot fill this need, and the lands that would be

needed for the massive expansion of protected areas are already being used

to feed local people and fuel local economies. "

 

The remedy proposed by the report is ecoagriculture - helping farmers to

grow more food while conserving habitats critical for wildlife.

 

The authors include several dozen case studies of what they say are

successful ecoagriculture systems being used in Australia, the UK and other

European countries, the US, Canada, Asia, Africa and Latin America.

 

Common ground

 

The strategies include:

 

*establishing networks of wildlife habitat in non-farmed areas and linking

these with larger protected areas;

 

*integrating perennial plants into farming systems to mimic natural

habitats;

 

*using less polluting farming methods;

 

*increasing productivity on land already being farmed to reduce the need for

more land;

 

*making cropland more attractive to wildlife;

 

*and establishing protected areas near farmed land.

 

Dr McNeely says the strategies are based on evidence that humans and wild

species can share common ground.

 

" Many people believe that biodiversity can be preserved simply by fencing it

off, " he says.

 

" Our report shows that agriculture and biodiversity are inextricably linked.

 

 

" To avert widespread extinctions and feed the world, we must integrate

biodiversity preservation into all landscapes. "

 

New mindset

 

His co-author, Professor Sara Scherr, of the University of Maryland, says:

" Many of the new approaches in ecoagriculture will require a change in

mindset for many farmers.

 

" For centuries, farmers have generally done their best to clear land of

natural vegetation and keep wildlife off their farms.

 

" This was the sign of a good farmer. Now we're asking farmers to let some of

the wild back in. "