IMPORTANT New Findings Regarding LymeDisease

[Guest guest]

Lyme Disease Transmitted by a Biting Fly N Engl J Med 1990 Jun 14;322(24):1752 To the Editor: Lyme disese, first described by Steere et al. in 1977,1 was identified as adisease transmitted by the bite of ixodes ticks.2 Burgdorfer, Barbour, andcolleagues then isolated the infectious agent, a spirochete now known asBorrelia burgdorferi.3 the spirochete has been shown to be transmitted by avariety of ixodes ticks, including Ixodes dammini, I. ricinus, I. pacificus,and I. persulcatus.4 B. burgdorferi has been identified in biting flies, andthere has been anecdotal mention of possible transmission of B. burgdorferiby such flies. 5,6 This repost describes a case of Lyme disease transmittedby a fly bite. On July 10, 1989, while jogging with no shirt on, a 42-year-old man from OldLyme, Connecticut, an area in which Lyme disease is endemic, was bothered bya large fly that he believed to be either a deerfly or a horsefly. Afterswatting at it unsuccessfully, he was bitten by the fly several times on theright side of the chest. The bites were acutely painful. The area around thebites was swollen for one to two days; the swelling then subsided. Thepatient was not aware of any tick bites in teh previous three months. OnJuly 23, he presented with classic erythema migrans surrounding the bitearea, headache, chills, fever, myalgias, arthralgias, and fatigue. The patient had a temperature of 37.2°C and a pulse of 76 per minute.Examination disclosed a 16-cm by 11-cm rash (erythema migrans) on the rightside of the chest, with several small papular areas in it's centerconsistent with fly bites No regional adenopathy was present, and nocardiac, joint, or neurologic abnormalities were found. A diagnosis of Lymedisease was made, and treatment was initiated with amoxicillin (500 mg threetimes a day) and probenecid (500 mg three times a day) for 10 days. On thefirst night after treatment the patient had a Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction,with a fever and worsening of his headache and myalgias. At his 10- and 30-day follow-up visits he was asymptomatic, and has remained well since. Antibody titres to B. burgdorferi were determined by enzyme-linkedimmunosorbent assays in the acute phase and at the 10- and 30- day follow-upvisits. These analyses confirmed a more than four-fold rise in antibodies toB. burgdorferi (Table 1). Results of other laboratory tests were withinnormal limits. Table 1. Antibody Response to B. burgdorferi in the Patient and According toDiagnostic Criteria. AntibodyPatientNegative Indeterminate PositiveDay 1 Day 10 Day 30IgM <1:100 1:25,600 >1:6400 <1:100 1:100–1:200 >1:200IgG <1:400 1:400 >1:400 <1:400 1:400 >1:400 The patient was bitten by a biting fly (an act he both saw and felt) andsubsequently presented with Lyme disease, with erthema migrans at the siteof the bite. Serologic testing confirmed a more than fourfold rise inantibodies to B. burgdorferi. In contrast to the painless bite of I.dammini, the bite of flies is painful and not likely to be overlooked by thepatient as a means of transmission of Lyme disease. I conclude that althoughin most cases Lyme disease is transmitted by the bite of ixodes ticks, itmay rarely be transmitted by biting flies. Steven W. Luger, M.D.8 Davis Rd Old Lyme, CT 06333 Steere AC, Malawista SE, Snydman DR, et al. Lyme arthritis: en epidemic ofoligoarticular arthritis in children and adults in three Connecticutcommunities, Arthritis Rheum 1977; 20:7-17 Steere AC, Malawista SE. Cases of Lyme disease in the United States:locations correlated with distribution of Ixodes dammini. Ann Intern Med1979:91:730-3. Burgdorfer W, Barbour AG, Hayes SF, Benach JL, Brunwaldt E, Davis JP. Lymedisease -- a tick borne spirochetosis? Science 1982; 216:1317-9. Steere AC, Lyme disease. N Engl J Med 1989; 321:586-96 Magnarelli LA, Anderson JF, Barbour AG. The etiologic agent of lyme diseasein deer flies horse flies, and mosquitoes. J Infect Dis 1986; 154:355-8 Magnarelli LA, Anderson JF. Ticks and biting insects infected with theetiologic agent of Lyme disease, Borrelia burgdorferi. J Clin Microbiol1988; 26:1482-6 ============================== Diseases vectored via insect, such as Lyme . . . etc : http://flash.lymenet.org/ubb/ultimatebb.php?ubb=get_topic;f=1;t=029917 Methods of Transmission - Fleas Mosquito’s Food Etc http://www.samento.com.ec/nutranews/story005.html " W.T. Harvey, MD, MS, MPH and Patricia Salvato, MD of Diversified MedicalPractices in Houston, Texas recently published the article- Lyme disease:ancient engine of an unrecognized borreliosis pandemic. They were puzzled bythe high number of patients testing positive for Lyme disease. Many of thesepatients presented with "established" criteria for Lyme disease, but othersdid not. The fact that southeastern Texas is a ‘non-endemic’ region, andthat many of the patients had no history of erythema migrans rash, led thedoctors to question established methods for Lyme disease consideration.Careful reflection of published research leads them to conclude thefollowing. First, the arthropod is not the exclusive vector of Lyme disease.In addition to ticks, Borrelia burgdorferi may be carried and transmitted byfleas, mosquitos, and mites. Second, Lyme disease is not exclusivelyvector-borne. Compelling evidence supports horizontal (sexual) and vertical(congenital) human to human transfer. . ." (click link to read the rest ofthe article) Transmission Etc Discussion with examples, statistics (fleas? mites?): http://flash.lymenet.org/ubb/Forum1/HTML/032820.html Black Flies & Lyme - more discussion, examples, and reference links: http://flash.lymenet.org/ubb/Forum3/HTML/013131.html And don't forget that they are also tinkering with genetically engineeredbugs and release them into the environment.Ingrid http://www.newswise.com/articles/view/542096/ Discovery of Lyme Disease Bug Clone May Explain Disease Spread Newswise — Benjamin Luft, M.D., Professor of Medicine, Stony BrookUniversity Medical Center, and colleagues discovered that a certain clone ofBorrelia burgdorferi, the spirochete that causes Lyme disease, appears to bethe most common strain causing Lyme disease in North America and Europe, andmay account for the increase in cases for the past 20 years. Theirinvestigation and findings of the ospC-A clone are reported in the July 2008issue of Emerging Infectious Diseases, which is currently available on lineat http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/eid/upcoming.htm. According to Dr. Luft, Lyme disease is the most common vector-bornedisease in the United States with more than 20,000 cases reported annually.While B. burgdorferi is the primary pathogen in the United States, clones ofthe pathogen are known to cause major disease. The ospC-A clone was one ofthe first strains ever identified. In “Wide Distribution of a High-Virulence Borrelia burgdorferi Clonein Europe and North America,” Dr. Luft and colleagues detail various methodsof genetic testing of 68 B. burgdorferi isolates from Europe and NorthAmerica. Based on the findings of their tests, the researchers concludedthat the ospC-A clone dispersed rapidly and widely in the recent past and inboth regions of the world. “I believe this discovery will make an important contribution sinceit identifies an identical and high virulence clone of Borrelia in bothEurope and North America,” said Dr. Luft. “This may explain the recentspread of Lyme disease in North America.” The researchers report that the isolates of the clone were prevalenton both continents and uniform in DNA sequences, which suggests a recenttrans-oceanic migration. More specifically, they explained: “The Europeanand North American Populations of B. burgdorferi sensu stricto have divergedsignificantly because of genetic drift. Plasmid genes evolved independentlyand showed various effects of adaptive divergence and diversifyingselection…genetic variation within the two continents contributed to most ofthe total sequence diversity, which suggests recent common ancestry,migration, or both, between the European and North American populations.” The research was funded partly by the Lyme Disease Association andthe National Institutes of Health. Dr. Luft’s colleagues include: Wei-GangQui, Ph.D., and William D. McCaig, Hunter College of the City University ofNew York; John F. Bruno and Yun Xu of Stony Brook University; Ian Livey,Baxter Vaccine AG, Orth/Donau, Austria, and Martin M. Schriefer, of theCenters of Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado. © 2008 Newswise. . --~--~---------~--~----~------------~-------~--~----~To to this group, send email to: MedicalConspiracies- (AT) googl (DOT) com

[Guest guest]

Here is another report you should read on Lyme

Disease: http://www.dorway.com/lymedis.txt

 

Betty

www.mpwhi.com, www.dorway.com, and www.wnho.net

 

At 09:46 PM 6/29/2008, NWRaven wrote:

 

>Lyme Disease Transmitted by a Biting Fly

>

>N Engl J Med 1990 Jun 14;322(24):1752

>

>

>To the Editor:

>

>Lyme disese, first described by Steere et al. in 1977,1 was identified as a

>disease transmitted by the bite of ixodes ticks.2 Burgdorfer, Barbour, and

>colleagues then isolated the infectious agent, a spirochete now known as

>Borrelia burgdorferi.3 the spirochete has been shown to be transmitted by a

>variety of ixodes ticks, including Ixodes dammini, I. ricinus, I. pacificus,

>and I. persulcatus.4 B. burgdorferi has been identified in biting flies, and

>there has been anecdotal mention of possible transmission of B. burgdorferi

>by such flies. 5,6 This repost describes a case of Lyme disease transmitted

>by a fly bite.

>

>On July 10, 1989, while jogging with no shirt on, a 42-year-old man from Old

>Lyme, Connecticut, an area in which Lyme disease is endemic, was bothered by

>a large fly that he believed to be either a deerfly or a horsefly. After

>swatting at it unsuccessfully, he was bitten by the fly several times on the

>right side of the chest. The bites were acutely painful. The area around the

>bites was swollen for one to two days; the swelling then subsided. The

>patient was not aware of any tick bites in teh previous three months. On

>July 23, he presented with classic erythema migrans surrounding the bite

>area, headache, chills, fever, myalgias, arthralgias, and fatigue.

>

>The patient had a temperature of 37.2°C and a pulse of 76 per minute.

>Examination disclosed a 16-cm by 11-cm rash (erythema migrans) on the right

>side of the chest, with several small papular areas in it's center

>consistent with fly bites No regional adenopathy was present, and no

>cardiac, joint, or neurologic abnormalities were found. A diagnosis of Lyme

>disease was made, and treatment was initiated with amoxicillin (500 mg three

>times a day) and probenecid (500 mg three times a day) for 10 days. On the

>first night after treatment the patient had a Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction,

>with a fever and worsening of his headache and myalgias. At his 10- and 30-

>day follow-up visits he was asymptomatic, and has remained well since.

>

>Antibody titres to B. burgdorferi were determined by enzyme-linked

>immunosorbent assays in the acute phase and at the 10- and 30- day follow-up

>visits. These analyses confirmed a more than four-fold rise in antibodies to

>B. burgdorferi (Table 1). Results of other laboratory tests were within

>normal limits.

>

>

>Table 1. Antibody Response to B. burgdorferi in the Patient and According to

>Diagnostic Criteria.

>

>Antibody

>Patient

>Negative Indeterminate Positive

>Day 1 Day 10 Day 30

>IgM <1:100 1:25,600 >1:6400 <1:100 1:100–1:200 >1:200

>IgG <1:400 1:400 >1:400 <1:400 1:400 >1:400

>

>

>The patient was bitten by a biting fly (an act he both saw and felt) and

>subsequently presented with Lyme disease, with erthema migrans at the site

>of the bite. Serologic testing confirmed a more than fourfold rise in

>antibodies to B. burgdorferi. In contrast to the painless bite of I.

>dammini, the bite of flies is painful and not likely to be overlooked by the

>patient as a means of transmission of Lyme disease. I conclude that although

>in most cases Lyme disease is transmitted by the bite of ixodes ticks, it

>may rarely be transmitted by biting flies.

>

>Steven W. Luger, M.D.

>8 Davis Rd

>

>Old Lyme, CT 06333

>

>

>

>Steere AC, Malawista SE, Snydman DR, et al. Lyme arthritis: en epidemic of

>oligoarticular arthritis in children and adults in three Connecticut

>communities, Arthritis Rheum 1977; 20:7-17

>

>Steere AC, Malawista SE. Cases of Lyme disease in the United States:

>locations correlated with distribution of Ixodes dammini. Ann Intern Med

>1979:91:730-3.

>

>Burgdorfer W, Barbour AG, Hayes SF, Benach JL, Brunwaldt E, Davis JP. Lyme

>disease -- a tick borne spirochetosis? Science 1982; 216:1317-9.

>

>Steere AC, Lyme disease. N Engl J Med 1989; 321:586-96

>

>Magnarelli LA, Anderson JF, Barbour AG. The etiologic agent of lyme disease

>in deer flies horse flies, and mosquitoes. J Infect Dis 1986; 154:355-8

>

>Magnarelli LA, Anderson JF. Ticks and biting insects infected with the

>etiologic agent of Lyme disease, Borrelia burgdorferi. J Clin Microbiol

>1988; 26:1482-6

>

>==============================

>

>Diseases vectored via insect, such as Lyme . . . etc :

>

><http://flash.lymenet.org/ubb/ultimatebb.php?ubb=get_topic;f=1;t=029917>http://\

flash.lymenet.org/ubb/ultimatebb.php?ubb=get_topic;f=1;t=029917

>

>

>Methods of Transmission - Fleas Mosquito’s Food Etc

>

><http://www.samento.com.ec/nutranews/story005.html>http://www.samento.com.ec/nu\

tranews/story005.html

>

> " W.T. Harvey, MD, MS, MPH and Patricia Salvato, MD of Diversified Medical

>Practices in Houston, Texas recently published the article- Lyme disease:

>ancient engine of an unrecognized borreliosis pandemic. They were puzzled by

>the high number of patients testing positive for Lyme disease. Many of these

>patients presented with " established " criteria for Lyme disease, but others

>did not. The fact that southeastern Texas is a ‘non-endemic’ region, and

>that many of the patients had no history of erythema migrans rash, led the

>doctors to question established methods for Lyme disease consideration.

>Careful reflection of published research leads them to conclude the

>following. First, the arthropod is not the exclusive vector of Lyme disease.

>In addition to ticks, Borrelia burgdorferi may be carried and transmitted by

>fleas, mosquitos, and mites. Second, Lyme disease is not exclusively

>vector-borne. Compelling evidence supports horizontal (sexual) and vertical

>(congenital) human to human transfer. . . " (click link to read the rest of

>the article)

>

>

>

>Transmission Etc Discussion with examples, statistics (fleas? mites?):

>

><http://flash.lymenet.org/ubb/Forum1/HTML/032820.html>http://flash.lymenet.org/\

ubb/Forum1/HTML/032820.html

>

>Black Flies & Lyme - more discussion, examples, and reference links:

>

><http://flash.lymenet.org/ubb/Forum3/HTML/013131.html>http://flash.lymenet.org/\

ubb/Forum3/HTML/013131.html

>

>

>

>And don't forget that they are also tinkering with genetically engineered

>bugs and release them into the environment.

>Ingrid

>

>

>

><http://www.newswise.com/articles/view/542096/>http://www.newswise.com/articles\

/view/542096/

>

>

> Discovery of Lyme Disease Bug Clone May Explain Disease Spread

>

> Newswise — Benjamin Luft, M.D., Professor of Medicine, Stony Brook

>University Medical Center, and colleagues discovered that a certain clone of

>Borrelia burgdorferi, the spirochete that causes Lyme disease, appears to be

>the most common strain causing Lyme disease in North America and Europe, and

>may account for the increase in cases for the past 20 years. Their

>investigation and findings of the ospC-A clone are reported in the July 2008

>issue of Emerging Infectious Diseases, which is currently available on line

>at

><http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/eid/upcoming.htm>http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/eid/upcom\

ing.htm.

>

> According to Dr. Luft, Lyme disease is the most common vector-borne

>disease in the United States with more than 20,000 cases reported annually.

>While B. burgdorferi is the primary pathogen in the United States, clones of

>the pathogen are known to cause major disease. The ospC-A clone was one of

>the first strains ever identified.

>

> In “Wide Distribution of a High-Virulence Borrelia burgdorferi Clone

>in Europe and North America,” Dr. Luft and colleagues detail various methods

>of genetic testing of 68 B. burgdorferi isolates from Europe and North

>America. Based on the findings of their tests, the researchers concluded

>that the ospC-A clone dispersed rapidly and widely in the recent past and in

>both regions of the world.

>

> “I believe this discovery will make an important contribution since

>it identifies an identical and high virulence clone of Borrelia in both

>Europe and North America,” said Dr. Luft. “This may explain the recent

>spread of Lyme disease in North America.”

>

> The researchers report that the isolates of the clone were prevalent

>on both continents and uniform in DNA sequences, which suggests a recent

>trans-oceanic migration. More specifically, they explained: “The European

>and North American Populations of B. burgdorferi sensu stricto have diverged

>significantly because of genetic drift. Plasmid genes evolved independently

>and showed various effects of adaptive divergence and diversifying

>selection…genetic variation within the two continents contributed to most of

>the total sequence diversity, which suggests recent common ancestry,

>migration, or both, between the European and North American populations.”

>

> The research was funded partly by the Lyme Disease Association and

>the National Institutes of Health. Dr. Luft’s colleagues include: Wei-Gang

>Qui, Ph.D., and William D. McCaig, Hunter College of the City University of

>New York; John F. Bruno and Yun Xu of Stony Brook University; Ian Livey,

>Baxter Vaccine AG, Orth/Donau, Austria, and Martin M. Schriefer, of the

>Centers of Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado.

>

> © 2008 Newswise. .

>

>--~--~---------~--~----~------------~-------~--~----~

>To to this group, send email to:

>

><MedicalConspiracies- (AT) googl (DOT) com>MedicalConspiracies-subs\

cribe (AT) googl (DOT) com

>