Conquering Cancer Through Vitamin C & Other Antioxidants

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Conquering Cancer Through Vitamin C & Other Antioxidants

_http://www.newmediaexplorer.org/chris/2006/10/09/conquering_cancer_through_vi

tamin_c_other_antioxidants.htm_

(http://www.newmediaexplorer.org/chris/2006/10/09/conquering_cancer_through_vita\

min_c_other_antioxidants.htm)

 

The following excerpt form " _Cancer: Nutrition and Survival_

(http://www.newmediaexplorer.org/chris/2005/12/12/cancer_nutrition_and_survival.\

htm) " is an

important bit of information that needs more application, and many have

asked, hence this excerpt. The citations can be found in the said book.

" The toxicity of current chemotherapeutic drugs might lead us to suppose

that it is hard to find agents that will kill cancer cells without poisoning

the

patient. This is a misconception. Numerous common substances exist, which

offer the property of selectively killing cancer cells, while leaving normal

cells unharmed. Indeed, taking vitamin C as an example, these substances can

often be beneficial to healthy cells. "

Here is a more detailed update from Dr. Hickey (PhD) end stage cancer.

 

" In this case oral vitamin C is given in divided doses to bowel tolerance

level or the maximum the subject can otherwise tolerate. If a person cannot

take high doses of standard vitamin C, or they want to get the maximum possible

blood levels, they could try liposomal vitamin C. This may be easier to

tolerate and allow higher oral doses.

 

I know one doctor's cancer protocol for IV sodium ascorbate (not vitamin C

for IV!) is 75g three times a week supported by oral doses. A cycle of IV

therapy lasts 5-6 weeks but the oral doses continue indefinitely. This protocol

seems about right to me. The methods/techniques used for IV sodium ascorbate

have been described by _Cathcart_ (http://www.orthomed.com/civprep.htm) and

_Riordan_ (http://www.canceraction.org.gg/inext.htm#top) and are available

from the net.

There is limited evidence on the sustained dose of alpha-lipoic acid.

However, up to about 3-5g per day in divided doses (say 500mg 6 times daily)

can be

well tolerated with few if any side effects. R-alpha-lipoic acid absorbs

more readily and is more available to the tissues. "

Chris Gupta

See also:

_The 1982 Letter On Vitamin C and Cancer_

(http://www.newmediaexplorer.org/chris/2006/09/25/the_1982_letter_on_vitamin_c_a\

nd_cancer.htm)

_Some Cancer Resources_

(http://www.newmediaexplorer.org/chris/2003/08/14/some_cancer_resources.htm)

-------

Conquering cancer

Copyright © Dr Steve Hickey (2005). All rights reserved

One of the first duties of the physician is to educate the masses not to

take medicine.†Sir William Osler

Throughout this book, we have referred to different methods of fighting

cancer. Although we have discussed these treatment methods separately, some of

them work even better in combination. This exciting possibility could allow the

development of alternative treatments, with the potential to overcome cancer

in the majority of cases.

The microevolutionary model suggests two broad approaches to limiting cancer

growth, based on population control and extinction. For population control,

the aim would be to establish an environment that inhibits the division and

evolution of cancer cells. A sufficiently slowgrowing tumour would have a

negligible effect on a patient’s expected lifespan. If growth can be limited

at

an early stage, so the tumour remains small, its effect on the patient’s

health might be inconsequential. Population control methods could allow

patients

to live out their normal lifespan, though this outcome is not certain. For

example, when treating patients with chemotherapy, physicians consider tumour

shrinkage a measure of success. In evolutionary terms, shrinkage reflects a

period of negative population growth. Unfortunately, it also corresponds to a

period of intense selection pressure on the remaining cancer cells; those that

resist the drug are more likely to survive. At the end of the treatment,

growth of these more resistant cancer cells can resume. The only way to avoid

this re-growth would be to continue therapy until no more cancer cells

remained.

In this case, the population would be extinct.

Extinction of cancer cells is the most effective therapy and a true cure for

cancer. This means keeping the cancer cells in a state of negative

population growth, until they all die. This is easier said than done, since the

intrinsic biological diversity of a typical cancer means that a proportion of

cells

are likely to be resistant to any particular therapy. Large tumours contain

a variety of cell types, including normal cells, relatively benign cells,

invasive cancer cells and infiltrating white blood cells.1 Furthermore, tumours

in secondary locations are even more diverse. This explains why secondary

cancers (metastases) can be more difficult to destroy than primary ones.

The toxic nature of many conventional anti-cancer drugs limits their use as

agents for the total extinction of cancer cells. Clearly, if the treatment is

toxic to the patient, the cancer must become extinct before the patient

dies, or is permanently disabled. For this reason, non-toxic therapies have an

advantage in the treatment of intractable cancers.

Patients can take safe therapies indefinitely, and physicians can combine

such treatments for maximal effectiveness. We will consider non-toxic therapies

shortly, after a brief reiteration of the development and characteristics of

cancer.

Understanding cancer

There are two main approaches to cancer, which differ with respect to the

importance accorded to the biological diversity found in cancer cells. Some

physicians view cancer as a single disease, with many manifestations. From this

viewpoint, the diversity of cancer is secondary to its common features.

Others stress the biological diversity, regarding cancer as a collection of

diseases, which share common attributes, such as abnormal growth and genetic

changes. Cancer cells are highly abnormal, with damaged chromosomes and genetic

divergence from healthy cells. A feature of all cancers is the abnormal growth

of cells within the body. Malignant cancer is characterised by unrestrained

spread to different tissue locations.

Another way of looking at cancer uses the microevolutionary model _described

in this book_

(http://www.newmediaexplorer.org/chris/2005/12/12/cancer_nutrition_and_survival.\

htm) . According to this theory, the different

manifestations of cancer are the results of a common evolutionary process, in

which

selection pressures favour the development of ‘species of cancer. In

microevolutionary terms, the abnormal spread of cancer cells is the natural

response of an

independent organism – the cancer. Reproduction and spread are primary

activities of biological organisms, including the single-celled creatures from

which animals and plants evolved. The characteristics of living cells have

evolved over billions of years, allowing them to survive, initially as single

cells

and, later, as multicellular organisms.

Cancer is common, because it does not have to evolve from scratch: we all

possess the mechanisms for cancer within our cells. Every cell in a

multicellular animal retains the biology of its single-celled ancestors. In

single-celled creatures, the biological mechanisms for survival stimulate

growth,

movement and dispersion of cells. The cells of higher animals suppress these

actions, in favour of cooperation and structural integrity. They can do this

because

they have evolved ways to limit the growth of individual cells. However, if

something damages these controls, or removes them from a particular cell,

then that cell and its descendents will proliferate, reverting to ancient

patterns of division and growth. Such cells become what we call cancer.

Causes of cancer

The individual causes of cancer are manifold. Practically any insult, which

leads to inflammation or an increase in oxidative stress in the body, can

increase the risk of cancer. The minimum requirement for the formation of

cancer

appears to be an increase in erroneous cell division. Microevolutionary

processes then apply selection pressure, which eventually results in the

features

of malignant cancer. The standard mechanisms of ecology and evolution

describe this process well.

How cancer develops

Cancer is an almost inevitable result of microevolution. Whenever cells in

the body divide abnormally or erroneously, they accumulate genetic damage and

may become polyploid. Researchers have shown that cancer cells are

_aneuploid_ (http://dictionary.reference.com/search?q=aneuploid) , containing

abnormal

numbers of damaged chromosomes. _Polyploidy_

(http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Polyploidy) , the generation of abnormal

numbers of sets of

chromosomes, is considered a mechanism for the instantaneous generation of new

species.

Cells that become polyploid, as in cancer, are likely to behave as

independent organisms, rather than members of their original species. Such

abnormal

cells behave in the same way as any other biological organism, reproducing and

spreading, in the process known as cancer.

Antioxidant control of cancer

Antioxidants have a central role in the microevolutionary model of cancer

development. _Redox _ (http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Redox) mechanisms

occur throughout nature, being widely used for the control of cell division,

differentiation and growth. Their involvement in cancer is not surprising,

since they are of fundamental importance to the basic chemistry of all living

organisms. Numerous genes, enzymes and small molecules are used in controlling

the cell, signalling growth, proliferation and death.

_Redox_ (http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Redox) mechanisms play an

integral part in all aspects of cancer development. Free radicals are involved

from the start of the process. Throughout its progress, increased free

radical damage and internal oxidation drives the growth of cancer cells. Raised

levels of oxidants initiate cell proliferation and growth. Later, _lack of

oxygen restricts growth_

(http://www.newmediaexplorer.org/chris/2004/02/03/otto_warburg_cancer_and_oxygen\

..htm) , until the cancer cells evolve mechanisms to

stimulate the formation of blood vessels. The resulting blood supply allows the

tumour to expand rapidly and spread to distant sites in the body.

Dietary advice to prevent cancer and slow its early development can be

stated succinctly. A diet to prevent cancer is low in carbohydrates, with a

high

proportion of antioxidants. The consumption of a variety of coloured

vegetables and fruit in the diet will reduce the incidence of cancer, because

of the

antioxidants they contain. Supplementation with a range of antioxidant

_vitamins and minerals _

(http://www.newmediaexplorer.org/chris/2006/09/13/ideas_for_cancer_selftreatment\

..htm) will also hinder the initiation and

microevolutionary development of cancer.

Anticancer agents are surprisingly common

The toxicity of current chemotherapeutic drugs might lead us to suppose that

it is hard to find agents that will kill cancer cells without poisoning the

patient. This is a misconception. Numerous common substances exist, which

offer the property of selectively killing cancer cells, while leaving normal

cells unharmed. Indeed, taking vitamin C as an example, these substances can

often be beneficial to healthy cells.

In our discussion of non-toxic anti-cancer therapies, we have concentrated

on redox-cycling antioxidants, such as vitamin C. Other antioxidants and

nutrients, such as curcumin, may act through cellsignalling, or by modification

of

gene expression. Cancer occurs because of the way animals have evolved from

a single-celled to a multi-celled state. The success of multi-cellular

organisms suggests they have evolved ways of dealing with cancer. Hence, the

microevolutionary approach predicts that large numbers of agents that prevent

or

kill cancer cells should occur naturally. This is indeed the case: safe

anticancer agents are common and relatively easy to find. However, the medical

establishment is apparently unaware of them.

A diet to avoid cancer

Nutrition is one of the most important ways in which a person can alter

their behaviour to minimise their risk of cancer.* The primary feature of a

diet

to reduce the incidence of cancer is a high intake of antioxidants. These

keep the cells in a reducing environment, whereas the a development of cancer

requires cellular oxidation, to promote error prone division. Eating a wide

range of antioxidants will provide maximal benefit. This agrees with

conventional advice, which recommends a high intake of vegetables.

*We are assuming that people do not smoke or otherwise actively engage in

contact with carcinogens.

However, the idea that people should increase their intake of vegetables

rather than using antioxidant supplements appears to be based on magical

thinking, rather than science. Vegetables contain substances that can inhibit

cancer

growth and development. The identification, isolation and purification of

such substances are central features of reductionist science. Once this has

been done, the anticancer substances can be made available in concentrated

forms, as food supplements.

The advice not to use food supplements might appear holistic or natural, but

it is not good science. Historically, the chemical isolation of vitamins and

other essential dietary factors represents an increase in knowledge, which

has benefited the health of humanity. While there may also be advantages to

eating plants that cannot be repackaged in supplement form,** this hardly

represents a scientific argument for avoiding those factors that can be

isolated

and used for maximal benefit. Surely, the optimal approach is to eat a wide

range of vegetables, while also using safe supplements. In the absence of

complete data, we can suggest that the supplementation should cover a range of

antioxidants in their natural forms. In particular, a dynamic flow of vitamin

C,*** together with a _reduced intake of sugars and starches_

(http://www.newmediaexplorer.org/chris/2004/08/04/the_negative_impact_of_sugar_o\

n_vitamin_c.htm)

, is likely to be beneficial.

** Herbal remedies are an obvious example of the potential for the use of

whole plants and their extracts.

*** Dynamic flow requires at least 2-3 grams per day, in divided doses, for

a health young adult.

Supplements that kill cancer

We have described the action of vitamin C in detail. Vitamin C illustrates

the basic mechanism for killing and controlling cancer cells. Taken alone, it

has been shown to be completely effective in a relatively limited range of

cancers; however, it potentiates the action of many other nutrients and drugs.

The cytotoxic action of vitamin C requires high doses. At low doses, cancer

cells can use the ascorbate as a nutrient, whereas massive doses kill cancer

cells selectively, by generating hydrogen peroxide. The optimal balance of

nutrients for elimination or control of cancer has not yet been established, so

we will outline a possible therapeutic regime, based on current scientific

knowledge.

Oral therapy

It is possible to produce and sustain high blood plasma levels using

frequent doses of oral vitamin C.15 Such ascorbate levels will kill some

susceptible

types of cancer cell, but not all. Evidence suggests that tumours accumulate

ascorbate to higher levels than healthy tissues, which could explain the

increased bowel tolerance seen in cancer patients. Cancer cells take in

ascorbate preferentially, especially when glucose is restricted. This suggests

that

it may be possible to achieve higher ascorbate levels in tumours than

previously considered possible. Orally sustained plasma levels may be high

enough to

allow ascorbate to be accumulated within tumour tissue, and could be

cytotoxic. Use of _liposomal preparations of vitamin C_

(http://livonlabs.com/Lypo-Spheric-Vitamin-C.html) may increase its

effectiveness, blurring the

distinction between oral and intravenous therapies.

Oral therapy has practical advantages over intravenous therapy. For example,

it could be self-administered by a patient attending an outpatient clinic.

However, the principal advantage is that it can be sustained, in a dynamic

flow.15 Patients on oral vitamin C therapy can assault the cancer with a

continuous redox pressure, over months, or even years. This means the cancer

cells

do not have periods of respite, during which the more resistant cells can

flourish. Laboratory studies of cytotoxicity generally involve short periods of

exposure, often of the order of a day. The effects of continuous exposure on

the viability of cancer cells have not been established, but could be far

greater than intermittent treatment.

With a limited carbohydrate intake, to deny the cancer the nutrients it

requires for easy growth, cancer patients on oral redox-active nutrient therapy

might enjoy _similar benefits to those described by John Ely_

(http://faculty.washington.edu/ely/JOM4.html) . Further restriction of calories

and nutrients

could provide additional benefits. Arthur Robinson suggests that the expected

lifespan of a terminally ill cancer patient could increase by at least an

order of magnitude. This means that a patient given one year to live could hope

for a further ten years, or more.

We suggest the use of natural vitamin C, as L-ascorbate, for oral

administration, as it is more available to cells. Liposomal preparations may

enhance

the effectiveness of oral vitamin C. In addition, R-alphalipoic acid increases

the cytotoxic effectiveness of ascorbate, by a factor of more than five. Like

ascorbate, it is safe for healthy cells. Oral therapies that combine

ascorbic and alpha-lipoic acids move the achievable plasma levels towards the

cytotoxic range.**** Sustained blood levels of L-ascorbate and R-alpha-lipoic

acid

will lead to accumulation of high concentrations within tumours. Experimental

data suggest an intake of R-alpha-lipoic of at least 10% of the ascorbate

intake - 100mg or more for each gram of vitamin C. R-alpha-lipoic acid has low

toxicity, although safety data on high doses over extended periods is not

available. On current evidence, a combination of vitamin C and alpha-lipoic

acid

is the least toxic approach to oral cancer therapy.

****A one millimolar concentration of ascorbate is at the beginning of the

cytotoxic dose response curve for ascorbic acid.

Alternatively, vitamin K3’ or another of the redox-cycling quinones, could

be used in place of R-alpha-lipoic acid; these are also synergistic with

ascorbate. The combination of vitamins C and K3 is 10 to 50 times more

effective

against cancer than is either agent alone.854 Vitamin K3 may be more effective

than alpha-lipoic acid, but is also more toxic and requires careful

administration. Once again, evidence indicates that levels sufficient to kill

many

types of cancer could be generated using oral doses.

In addition, it is possible to vary the administration of these treatments;

for example a period with vitamin C and K3 could be followed by a period with

ascorbate and alpha-lipoic acid. Periods of vitamin C and vitamin E

succinate might also be employed.

Redox synergy

It is clear that vitamin C interacts with several different nutrients that

create free radicals selectively within cancer cells. Vitamin K3 and

alpha-lipoic acid each increase the cancer killing effectiveness of vitamin C.

It is

not yet known to what extent use of multiple agents might further improve the

effect. The effects of combined use of alpha-lipoic acid with vitamin K3 are

not established. It is reported that alpha-lipoic acid acts as an

antioxidant, inhibiting the effects of K3, but this result may apply only to

lower

concentrations of alpha-lipoic acid, in the absence of ascorbate.

John Ely has suggested the use of _coenzyme Q10 _

(http://www.newmediaexplorer.org/chris/2003/07/31/cq10_coenzyme_q10_and_cancer.h\

tm) with vitamin C.

Since coenzyme Q10 and vitamin K3 are chemically similar, both being quinones,

they may have a similar pharmacology in large doses. The addition of vitamin E

succinate to the therapy may destroy cancer cells more effectively and prevent

resistance developing. An analogous approach is used for treatment of

tuberculosis (TB), in which a combination of antibiotics is taken over a period

of

months, to prevent development of drug resistance.

Levels of oral anticancer nutrients need to be increased slowly. There are

reports of cancers that are highly sensitive to the actions of vitamin C and

redox cycling. Killing such a cancer quickly may produce a life-threatening

shock. Having reached a maximal intake, the supplement regime should be

continued indefinitely and the progress of the tumour monitored clinically and

with

medical imaging.

More than one approach

Viewing cancer as microevolution provides multiple approaches to fighting

it. The first is to drive the population of cancer cells to extinction by

sustained oxidation, generated by selective pressure from vitamin C and related

substances.

If the cancer cells develop resistance to direct redox killing, it is

possible to utilise an alternative approach of population growth control, by

preventing oxidation within the cancer cells. For example, use of the metal

binding

supplement, IP6, can remove iron from the tumour, slowing growth. Combined

with supplemental antioxidants and gene inhibitors, such as curcumin, cancer

growth could be slowed by driving the cancer cells into a reducing state, in

which cell division is impeded. This antioxidant approach makes cancer cells

less oxidising, to prevent cell growth, rather than generating additional free

radicals within the cancer cells. It is likely to be less effective with

advanced disease.

Oral therapy for terminal cancer

We can see no reason for physicians not to recommend oral redox therapy for

all terminal cancer patients, following conventional treatment. The toxicity

is low; indeed, there have been reports of improved quality of life in people

on ascorbate, in marked contrast to conventional therapies. Furthermore, the

treatment might prolong the patient’s life and, in some cases, could even

cure the cancer. Such possibilities demand urgent investigation. Failure to

carry out such these studies could mean that people go on suffering, or die

unnecessarily early deaths.

In the case of patients that have apparently been cured by surgery, oral

redox therapy could minimise the risk of recurrence, by destroying small

pockets

of remaining cancer. There is substantial evidence that this approach would

be both non-toxic and effective. What we cannot predict is the number of pa

tients who would benefit, since the required studies have not yet been carried

out.

The combined therapy of oral redox-active nutrients and a low carbohydrate

diet could be made an option for terminal cancer patients. The risk is small,

provided the patient is monitored by competent medical staff. Such patients

have little to lose, whereas the potential gain is huge. No one knows what

proportion of terminal cancer patients would be cured, although studies are

clearly essential. Neither do we know the number of “terminal†patients who

might survive for years, eventually dying from an unrelated cause. However, the

proportion may well be large.

Terminal patients are being written-off, without the option of a therapeutic

approach that is cheap, harmless and stands a good chance of being

effective. Who among medical decision makers and politicians will take

responsibility

for what is potentially a reckless waste of human life?

Intravenous therapy

Intravenous infusions of sodium ascorbate, in combination with vitamin K or

alpha-lipoic acid, will kill cancer cells. However, intermittent treatments

might cause the cancer cells to become resistant. In microevolutionary terms,

if the therapy selects tumour cells for resistance to redox-induced

apoptosis, then the gain in life expectancy might be limited.

One strategy to avoid such resistance would be to combine intravenous

infusions with frequent large oral doses of vitamin C, to maintain high blood

levels. Such a regime is needed to establish a dynamic flow of ascorbate

through

the body,15 using intakes close to bowel tolerance levels. This therapy might

include a synergistic agent, such as alpha-lipoic acid or, perhaps,_

motexafin gadolinium_

(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed & cmd=Display & dopt=pubmed\

_pubmed & from_uid=11704327) . The aim would be to keep the

cancer under consistent redox pressure.

A second limitation on intravenous therapy is more practical. Such therapy

requires monitoring by a physician, together with appropriate nursing care.

Any intravenous treatment has associated dangers. The therapy can take several

hours per session, which has an associated cost. Although the substances

employed may be inexpensive, the costs of preparation, therapy and supervision

may be significant. However, they would still be far lower than would those of

the corresponding chemotherapeutic drugs.

Benefits of anticancer nutrition

According to the microevolutionary model, cancer occurs in multicelled

organisms when cells escape the body’s controls and start to behave like

their

single-celled ancestors. Such changes are triggered by oxidation and damage,

which result in erroneous cell division. The environment in which cancer cells

develop favours anaerobic cells, which use glucose as their main source of

energy. This is in contrast to healthy cells, which tend to use aerobic forms

of

metabolism and can utilise varied food sources.

Over geological timescales, animals and plants have developed ways to stop

their cells reverting to primitive forms. Hence, anticancer substances are

common throughout nature. Therapies based on these nutrients take advantage of

metabolic differences between cancer cells and healthy cells, to destroy the

cancer cells while doing no harm to, or even helping, the healthy cells.

Clinical trials are urgently needed to test such non-toxic therapies, before

more

people die unnecessarily.

Fundamental biological research suggests that cancer is a treatable

condition. Right now, people who have been given a terminal prognosis may be

able to

survive in reasonable health, for a prolonged period. Although the current

data is not sufficient to indicate the degree of life extension achievable,

many “terminal†cancer patients might die of other causes, long before the

canc

er kills them. Cancer patients deserve to be offered this opportunity.

 

 

 

__

posted by Chris Gupta on Monday October 9 2006

updated on Tuesday October 10 2006

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