Clinical Guide to the Use of Vitamin C

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Clinical Guide to the Use of Vitamin C

 

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(http://www.seanet.com/~alexs/ascorbate/198x/smith-lh-clinical_guide_1988.htm)

The Clinical Experiences of Frederick R. Klenner, M.D.,

abbreviated, summarized and annotated by

Lendon H. Smith, M.D.

2233 SW Market Street, Portland, Oregon 97201

Preface

 

After Frederick Klenner died in 1984, his friend (and mine), Arthur Rybeck,

a nutritionally-oriented dentist practicing in Wheeling, West Virginia, asked

if I would be interested in going over the 27 papers Klenner had written

from the early 1940’s to the early 1970’s. The whole idea would be to let

the

world know how thoughtful and careful a researcher he was, and to encourage

others to continue his work. If a compendium of Vitamin C (and other

nutritional) therapy could be compiled from the published work of Dr. Klenner,

maybe we

could get more traditional medicine-oriented doctors to use his methods for

the relief of sickness and suffering.

Standard doctors tend to believe studies and reports if published, but tend

to disbelieve hearsay stories about treatments that patients have read in a “

health†newsletter.

I have used Dr. Klenner’s methods on hundreds of patients. He is right. It

helps almost every condition and situation, and my failures were due to

inadequate amounts.

The timing of such a paper might be most appropriate. Doctors are suffering

from low public esteem because they are perceived to be money-grubbing and

mistake-laden. This would be a scientifically documented - from the medical

literature - therapy for a variety of conditions: cardiovascular, allergies,

infections, malabsorption, (see index), and even AIDS, for which prescription

drugs may be hazardous. Now the doctors can say, “We have a safe, reasonably

natural way of treating your condition that is fairly cheap. We might just keep

you out of the hospital.â€

That last part might make the insurance carriers perk up their ears. The

patients might dash back to the doctors’ offices because the word is getting

out

that doctors are helping people without side effects. Notice also, the dates

on these articles and references - these things were known decades ago.

Take this booklet to your M.D. and suggest that he read about these

documented studies. Take Dr. E. Cheraskin’s “Vitamin C Connection†along

for further

documentation. If your doctor doesn’t know, how can he help you?

 

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Foreword

by Linus Pauling, Ph.D.

The early papers by Dr. Fred R. Klenner provide much information about the

use of large doses of Vitamin C in preventing and treating many diseases.

These papers are still important. Dr. Lendon Smith has done a valuable service

in

making the work of Dr. Klenner available to the public.

 

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Introduction

I have before me the published words of Frederick Robert Klenner, B.S.,

M.S., M.D., F.C.C.P., F.A.A.F.P. He graduated from Duke University, School of

Medicine back in 1936. After three years of hospital training he entered the

private practice of medicine in Reidsville, North Carolina. His main

subspecialty was diseases of the chest, but he became interested in the use of

massive

doses of Vitamin C in the treatment of virus diseases and other illnesses as

well. He inspired Linus Pauling and Irwin Stone to expand the research on the

great benefits of Vitamin C. Dr. Klenner died in 1984.

What follows is a review, and abbreviation, a summary and a critique of the

27 scientific papers he wrote. In the light of the recent developments and

research in the use of Vitamin C, it is essential that the roots of its usage

be reviewed. Briefly, Vitamin C does attenuate most virus infections by aiding

the production of interferon, controls many cancers, relieves some

depression, modifies much pain and changes the course of many diseases, like

multiple

sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, spider bites, the bites of

poisonous insects and reptiles. The watchword is, “If in doubt, give Vitamin

C.â€

 

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Dedication

If Dr. Klenner had lived he would have wanted this book to be dedicated to

the following:

Anne Klenner for her patience and understanding.

Fritz for the lively discussions in chemistry.

Mary Anne and Gertrude for being ‘guinea pigs’.

 

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General Remarks

He believed in the healing power of nature, but believed that natural

remedies could enhance that power and were safer and usual1y more effective

than

drugs. Hippocrates said, “Of several remedies the physician should choose the

least sensationalâ€. Vitamin C fills that criterion.

In 1948, he published his first paper on the use of large doses of Vitamin C

in the treatment of virus diseases. In 1960, he realized, “Every head cold

must be considered as a probable source of brain pathology.†Hold on to this

thought; it is significant for the understanding of diseases like multiple

sclerosis. He also felt—as do Archie Kalikarinos and Glen Dettman of

Australia—

that the dreaded Sudden Infant Death Syndrome was basically a Vitamin C

deficiency. His maxim: the patient should “get large doses of Vitamin C in

all

pathological conditions while the physician ponders the diagnosis.â€

We have misled ourselves with the mistaken notion that all C was supposed to

do was keep us from scurvy. If, however, we base our needs on the amounts

other mammals manufacture with their intact enzyme it comes to 2-4 grams daily

in the unstressed condition. Under stress 70 kg of rats make 15 grams of C.

[burns; Salomon; Conney]

We are willing to accept the premise that some of us are born with genetic

defects that lead to problems that can be somewhat controlled with diet and

supplements (i.e. phenylketonuria, galactosemia, and alkaptonuria and

pernicious anemia). Can’t we accept the fact that we all have a genetic

deficiency of

the enzyme, l-gulonolactone oxidase and have to take Vitamin C for health,

even for life? [burns, 1959]

Irwin Stone calls this human genetic lack, this inability, hypoascorbemia.

The point that Dr. Klenner is making: “The physiological requirements in man

are no different from other mammals capable of carrying out this syntheses.â€

If one is anemic due to poor iron intake, is it cheating to swallow iron

tablets for a while? If you are hypoascorbemic because you cannot manufacture

Vitamin C from sugar, extra glucose in your diet will not help, you need to

take

Vitamin C.

He reports that one of the Pilgrim Fathers wrote to a friend in England in

1621: “Bring juice of lemon, and take it fasting. It is of good use.â€

Folklore has revealed to us what natural remedies have been helpful and even

curative. We have been lured into the trap of modern medicine which

prescribed a drug for every condition. But consider acerola: Puerto Rican

legend has

it that if the tree bearing this fruit is in one’s backyard, colds will not

enter the front door. This fruit bears 30 times the amount of C than oranges.

Dr. Klenner credits Boneset with the health of the Klenner family during the

great influenza pandemic of 1918. This plant was made into a tea, bitter but

curative. He assayed the tea for Vitamin C; they were getting 10-30 grams at

a time!

The small amount of Vitamin C, recommended by the RDA (75 mg then and 60 mg

now) is enough to protect the person from gross disease, but not the amount

to maintain good health. Dr. Klenner quotes Kline and Eheart, who in 1944

realized there are wide variations in the need for Vitamin C, in otherwise “

normal†individuals. In 1945 Jolliffe suggested that the optimum requirements

might be more than 10 times the small doses recommended.

Scurvy develops slowly. Crandon (in 1940) found that the Vitamin C level of

the blood plasma fell to zero for 90 days before there was obvious clinical

evidence and that this was as long as 132 days before the first signs

appeared.

 

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How it Works

How does it work: as an oxidizing agent massive amounts, i.e., 5-150 grams,

intravenously, for certain pathological conditions, if allowed to run in

rapidly (20 gauge needle), acts as a “Flash Oxidizer†and may correct the

condition in minutes. It can be a reducing agent. It neutralized toxins,

viruses

and histamine. The more serious the condition, the more C is required.

It appears that Vitamin C acts as a reducing agent, an oxidizing agent, an

anti-clotting agent, an antihistamine, and as an anti-infective agent.

He summarized the function of C in poliomyelitis:

1. Virus destruction.

2. Dehydrates the brain and the spinal cord safely.

3. Supports and normalized the stressed adrenal glands.

4. It preserves the lining of the central canal and maintains more

regular spacing and less crowding of ependymal cells (surface cells of the

spinal

cord).

Ascorbic acid enters all cells. It “proceeds to take up the protein coats

being manufactured by the virus nucleic acid, thus preventing the assembly of

new virus units.†Cells expand, rupture and die, but there is no virus

particles available to enter and infect new cells. If a virus has invaded a

cell,

the Vitamin C contributes to its breakdown to adenosine deaminase, which

converts adenosine to inosine. Purines are formed which are catabolized (broken

down) and cannot be used to make more virus nucleic acid.

Viral nucleic acid has a protein coat which protects this parasite as it

rides the blood or lymph highway to gain specific cell entry. [Larson] it is

possible that if the ascorbic acid can remove that protective protein coat in

the blood stream or in the cells, the white cell phagocytes and immune globulin

could then neutralize these vulnerable virus particles.

I like this from Dr. Klenner: “Ascorbic acid also joins with the available

virus protein, making a new macromolecule which acts as the repressor

factor.â€

(interferon?) Multiplication of new virus bodies is inhibited.

He summarizes the study of Lojkin, (1937), who discovered the inactivation

of one virus was due to a specific intermediate product formed in the course

of the oxidation of C but needed the stimulation of copper ions. It is a

peroxide and is decomposed as rapidly as it is formed. This study indicates why

Vitamin C works better in the body and not the test tube. Every function of

the body requires enzymes, some vitamins and some minerals to act as coenzymes.

If enough Vitamin C is supplied, the enzyme system that breaks down invading

viruses and bacteria, will be able to do its job properly. Quote: “Unless

the white blood cells are saturated with ascorbic acid, they are like soldiers

without bullets.â€

Vitamin C in vitro at body temperature inactivates certain toxins at an

unbelievable rate. Back in 1938 some researchers [Klegler] placed Vitamin C in

test tubes with toxins. After incubation for 48 hours the toxins were not

lethal to mice when injected. The more toxin in the tube, the faster the C

disappears. “The rate of disappearance of the C in toxin and ordinary broth

was

more striking the greater the concentration of Vitamin C.†Dr. Klenner

concluded: “The degree of neutralization in a virus infection will be in

proportion to

the concentration of the vitamin and the length of time which it is employed.

â€

This has been Dr. Klenner’s main complaint: failure to benefit from Vitamin

C use is usually due to inadequate amounts being used for too short a period

of time.

Vitamin C combines directly with the toxin/virus. This new compound is

oxidized by Vitamin C; the toxin/virus and the Vitamin C are destroyed. This

must

be why C has to be continued after the apparent cure.

It acts as a respiratory catalyst, aiding cellular respiration by acting as

a hydrogen transport. The liver has a better chance of detoxifying the blood

stream of poisons, toxins, viruses and bacteria if the plasma is saturated

with Vitamin C. Fever, toxins and bacteria reduce the level of C. Therefore,

Dr. Klenner theorizes, if a high level of C is maintained, all tissues return

to normal despite the fever and the bacteria; and because of its action “as a

respiratory catalyst, it enables the body to build up adequate resistance to

the invader.â€

The anaerobic condition in the tissue is relieved. Acidity is decreased and

large amounts of Adrenaline disappear. The constriction of the blood vessels

ceases and the liver and pancreas can receive the proper nutrients to

function. Properly calculated doses of C on a continuing basis will restore the

normal physiology of the body.

The adrenals and Vitamin C are interrelated. During an infection Vitamin C

is absent from the urine and is decreased or absent in blood, even when

moderate amounts are being given intravenously. Vitamin C in the adrenal glands

was

greatly reduced in animals succumbing to polio. (Dr. Klenner cites the

literature of 1934-35 to document this.) Hans Selye knew how the adrenals would

show damage with stress. He found that all patients ill with a virus would show

petechial hemorrhages (small leaks of blood into the skin) when a tourniquet

was applied to increase venous backpressure. Capillary weakness is a sign of

low levels of Vitamin C. Sugar in the urine, associated with the petechiæ,

disappeared when adequate serum levels of Vitamin C were obtained.

It is known the C regulates the intercellular substance of the capillary

wall. The collagen of all fibrous tissue structures is dependent on an adequate

level of Vitamin C. Increased capillary fragility is observed in individuals

when the blood level of C drops to 1 mg per liter. These weak capillary walls

may allow a simple virus to invade the brain (see “Insidious Virusâ€).

In addition, Vitamin C acts as catalyst in the assimilation of iron.

(Ascorbic acid is a necessary coenzyme in the metabolic oxidation of

tyrosine. The latter is necessary to break down protein to a usable amino

acid.)

Dr. Klenner states, “The importance of Vitamin C as an antibiotic and as the

precursor of antibody formation lack scientific appreciation because of its

simplicity.†The reluctance of the medical profession to employ it in massive

doses like antibiotics has allowed the appearance of allergies as a major

problem.

Vitamin C is known to be essential for life. He quotes the studies that show

that when Vitamin C is given intravenously to patients with a deficiency,

fibroblasts begin to form connective tissue and capillary buds invade blood

clots within just a few hours. In a similar time frame when used as an

antibiotic, fever falls and the white count climbs.

Dr. Klenner points out that the standard treatment of colds was based on the

alkalinizing effect of forcing juices down the patient’s throat. Highly

alkaline urine has less Vitamin C. The Vitamin C would be thus retained in the

tissues helping to guard against the viruses and bacteria. When Vitamin C

levels drop, glycogen in the liver is converted to glucose: a response to

stress.

Dr. Klenner is convinced that C will work in any problem but the negative

results reported are only because an insufficient amount was used. A tragic

error in judgment has been made by the National Academy of Science and the

National Research Council: the minimum daily requirement for C. All of us need

more; some need a lot more.

Factors that determine need:

1. age

2. habits, alcohol, drugs, tobacco

3. sleep, especially if drugged

4. trauma of infection, of physical injury, of work, of emotions, of

surgery

5. Kidney threshold

6. environment

7. physiological stress

8. climate changes

9. loss of C in stools

10. absorption

11. binders in tablets

12. individual difference in body chemistry

13. drugs, pesticides, carbon monoxide exposure

14. weight

15. poor storage.

Klenner quotes the Food and Life Year Book, 1939, published by the U.S.

Department of Agriculture (surely as conservative and orthodox a group as one

could ever find): “Even when there is not a single outward symptom of

trouble, a

person may be in a state of Vitamin C deficiency more dangerous than scurvy

itself. When such a condition is not detected, and continues uncorrected, the

teeth and bones will be damaged, and what may be even more serious, the

blood stream is weakened to the point where it can no longer resist or fight

infections not so easily cured as scurvy. Five grains of aspirin will not

relieve

kidney colic; don’t expect control of a virus with 100 to 400 mg of C.â€

 

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Dosage

The amount of C depends upon the severity of the disease but also upon the

efficiency of the victim’s immune system. The usual dose of 65 mg per kilogram

of body weight may be expected to take care of the usual virus infection

when given every 2-4 hours by needle. The more severe condition would respond

to

larger single injections.

However “if the activity of the pathogen is completely stopped, the

development of active immunity will be interrupted.†Therefore, modification

of

childhood diseases is the aim of Vitamin C treatment, not the complete

overnight

suppression that would prevent the body from making immune memory. To

accomplish modification, 250 mg per kilogram should be given intramuscularly.

If

necessary, half of this amount would be given in eight hours. Procaine 1.5-2%

can

be given with a separate syringe with the same needle just prior to the C.

The itch, the irritability, the pain, the vomiting of chicken pox measles

and mumps was assuaged in one hour with this last dose. Crusting of chicken pox

was present in 5 hours instead of 7-9 days. 250 mg per kilogram eliminated

the disease in contrast to the 65 mg which just suppressed it. 350 mg per

kilogram may be employed along with antibiotics in treating stubborn bacterial

infections. Because a virus infection will deplete the Vitamin C reserve,

bleeding from the nose or chest would indicate an emergency situation; Vitamin

C,

using the above noted dosage schedule, should be pumped in immediately.

He cites experimental work by others indicating that in monkeys smaller

doses of C could stop the disease from appearing during the incubation period

compared to the relatively large doses needed to suppress the disease once the

disease was diagnosed. It all suggests that most of us will not get any

serious virus disease if we would all take sufficient Vitamin C daily. We need,

however, to get a little sick so we will develop some immunity, but if we get

very sick a lot there is something missing, usually Vitamin C. He is suggesting

that the more serious the disease, the more Vitamin C should be used to

treat it. (We titrate the sickness, as Dr. Cathcart says: “Well, you’ve got

a

200 gram flu or a 50 gram cold.)

In Dr. Klenner’s review of his over 3000 cases about 15% required more

Vitamin C than the average. This ties in with the idea that we are all

different.

It also explains why some dogs, who make their own Vitamin C would die of

distemper. “I have cured many dogs suffering with distemper by giving several

grams of ascorbic acid, by needle, every two hours.†15% of 300 obstetrical

cases required 15 grams of C daily to remain within normal limits. The other

85% needed only 10 grams per day. He felt some spillage into the urine

indicated the body was saturated. “White blood cells are useless unless they

are full

of ascorbic acid.â€

Dr. Klenner argues that the recommended daily allowances are only to prevent

scurvy. “Acute scurvy and chronic hypovitaminosis are metabolically

different conditions.†We all are much more vulnerable to stress, infections,

and

pollution.

A shortage is produced from a poor diet but also poor hygiene, overcrowding,

dampness, cold and physical work (or play). There is a narrow margin between

health and pathological changes.

For a very severe illness, the dose he used was large and the most effective

route was intravenous, but the intramuscular route was satisfactory. He gave

at least 350 mg per kilogram of body weight. (A 70 kg man is 150 pounds;

thus 70 x 350= 24,500 mg. He would use a 25 gram dose for a 25 gram illness.)

This amount was put in 500 cc of sterile water, usually with dextrose, saline

or Ringer’s solution. It was diluted so that there was at least 18 cc of

diluent to each gram of C. In small children, 2 or 3 grams can be given

intramuscularly once every two hours. An ice cap to the buttocks will prevent

soreness

and induration. As much as 12 grams can be given in this manner into 2 or 3

different muscle sites with a 50 cc syringe; larger amounts must be diluted

with dextrose or saline and run in by I.V. drip. If big concentrated doses are

given by push (25 grams in a 100 cc syringe), the brain may become dehydrated

causing convulsive movements of the legs. Intramuscular injections are

always 500 mg to 1 cc solution. At least one gram of calcium gluconate must be

added to the fluids each day. Massive doses of C pull calcium ions from

platelets; and the clotting mechanism is weakened. Nosebleeds may occur. One

gram of

calcium gluconate is added to control acidity and to replace the calcium ion

loss

Sodium ascorbate is less painful. Some of us will put procaine, 2%, with

the Vitamin C when injected into the muscle. Vitamin C can also be taken orally

once the patient is recovering.

This dose is repeated every hour for 6 to 12 times and then every 2-4 hours

until recovery.

If using under 400 mg per kg body weight, it can be given with the sodium

salt. Doses over 400 mg per kg of body weight must be diluted to at least one

gram to 18 cc of solution.

He suggests the following for each bottle: 60 grams of C, 500 mg thiamin

HCl, 300 mg pyridoxine, 400 mg calcium pantothenate, 100 mg riboflavin, 300 mg

niacinamide. It is to be given once or twice daily.

He used a 23 gauge needle intravenously and a 22 gauge needle for

intramuscular use—one inch long for children and one and a half inch for

adults.

The idea of these big doses is to saturate the tissues; the white blood

cells will be able to destroy pathogens. “I have seen diphtheria, hemolytic

streptococcus infections clear within hours following an injection of ascorbic

acid in a dose ranging from 500-700 mg per kilogram of body weight given

intravenously as fast as the patient’s cardiovascular system will allow.â€

He got to know the vulnerability of viruses so well, he played games with

them. “When proper amounts are used it will destroy all virus organisms.â€

He

could give one gram of ascorbic acid every four hours and modify the disease

symptoms, but if he gave one gram every two hours by mouth for four days, he

had stopped the disease, apparently by killing the virus. If he gave this dose

for only two days, the symptoms returned. (He kept measles simmering in his

own children for a month by giving this dose for two days, then off for two

then on, etc.)

With 350 mg per kilogram of body weight every two hours, he could stop

measles and dry up chicken pox. If he could get in the vein, 400 mg per

kilogram

two to three times in 24 hours was all that was required (he published this

way back in 1951, in the Southern Medical Surgical Journal).

He used protamide and it seemed to shorten the course of the course of the

disease (it is a colloidal solution of denatured proteolytic enzyme). It was

especially valuable in herpes simplex and herpes zoster. Dr. Klenner felt that

Vitamin C is related to this enzyme, as it possesses the same anti-neuritic

properties. If used together, the results are more dramatic than either one

used alone (the C was used as usual and the protamide was limited to one

ampoule per day). Influenza and poliomyelitis also responded rapidly to this

dual

approach. He found calcium made a big difference as it duplicated the results

of the C. He used 10 cc of calcium gluconate (one gram of calcium) along

with the C daily. It can also be injected deep into the gluteus muscle.

 

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Tests for C

He noted a monitoring method: “In all virus infections the Benedict urine

reaction for sugar will run from two to four plus. After Vitamin C, this

reaction will clear in 18 to 36 hours.†We all know that Vitamin C is related

to

glucose and Vitamin C in the urine will show a reducing reaction, just as

glucose does. If a healthy individual is given one or two grams of C by

injection, the urine will show a positive Benedict sugar reaction for hours.â€

This

paradox, Dr. Klenner explains, indicates that Vitamin C and the virus bodies do

form a new compound, and not a reducing chemical, otherwise with all this

Vitamin C injected, there would be an increase in the response to the Benedict

test.

When the urine starts to show a positive test to Benedict’s test, it is a

sign that the virus is under control and the person is close to normal again.

The Benedict’s urine test is a guide to treatment with C.

More than 30 years ago, Dr. Klenner developed the silver nitrate urine test.

When treating severe pathological conditions, the test done every four hours

will reveal the level of Vitamin C saturation. If the urine test is

positive for Vitamin C, it means the tissues are saturated and the patient is

on the

right dose. It is not a waste; some spillage indicates saturation.

 

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Insidious Virus

In June, 1957, he wrote in the Tri-State Medical Journal, on the

‘Insidious’

virus. He recalled a 19 month-old baby, who had a minor cold for two weeks.

Then suddenly, instead of getting well, he developed a high fever and

seizures of his right arm and leg. He was stiff, undernourished, cold to the

touch

and semi-comatose. Two grams of C were injected on admission to the hospital

and another gram within the hour. Then it was one gram orally every four

hours. Mustard plasters and croup tent were provided. A cup of orange juice was

drunk from a bottle two hours after the first shot. The baby began to respond

to pain. Temperature was still high, 103.8°. The arm and leg were completely

paralyzed, but in eight hours, he began moving the right leg and could hold

the juice bottle with both hands. Penicillin “was given on the second and

third days to discourage secondary invadersâ€. He was home on the 5th day.

Dr. Klenner recalls six additional similar cases, all under four years of

age. Four of the children were seen by a physician who noted no fever and was

“

not impressed with the illness of the child.†All of these children died

within 30 minutes to two hours after that physician’s examination. No

treatment

was begun because there was no diagnosis. A virus infection was found at the

autopsy. “An insidious virus involvement of the brain.â€

He takes us through the examination and treatment of a near miss. An

eighteen month-old girl had a cold for a week; then choked on supper. Her

temperature was normal, but she was very restless and whining. On a hunch, Dr.

Klenner

sent her to the hospital. She was comatose on arrival, responding only to

pain. Temperature still normal, but pulse was 152 and respirations 32 per

minute. He felt she had the “Insidious Virus†and started Vitamin C. Two

and one

half grams initially intramuscularly; in 30 minutes she got another two grams.

Then every two hours for five doses and then every four hours. After 36

hours, it was injected every six hours. (30 grams altogether). Croup tent and

penicillin were used.

Shortly after admission, some water by mouth was tried and she immediately

choked, and the water came out of her nose—like bulbar polio. The normal

temperature at admission slowly rose to 102.4°. Six hours after admission, she

was

able to swallow. By the 11th hour the temperature was normal and she was

alert and swallowing. In 24 hours from the first dose of C she was drinking

freely from a bottle. She went home on the fifth day.

Dr. Klenner feels if she had been put to bed after supper that night, she

would have died in her sleep, like a case of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. He

calls it brain pathology caused by an insidious virus.

Dr. Klenner was reminded of the case of a 15-year old girl who had had a

lingering cold for several weeks. She complained of extreme fatigue at a dance

party, but other than that and her cold symptoms, she went to bed apparently

well. The next morning she was found dead. The autopsy was virus pneumonia. Dr

Klenner believed that the lung pathology was not enough to kill her, it was

the insidious virus that invaded her brain. He feels that the motor nuclei

have the shortest nerves, therefore the virus would reach them first. It could

lead to spasm of the diaphragm muscle and cessation of breathing.

He felt that ascorbic acid could not reverse the virus once the pathology

had progressed to a certain unknown point. He feels this maxim should guide all

treating doctors: large doses of Vitamin C should be given in all

pathological states, “It should be given by all physicians while they await

the

diagnosis.â€

These large doses should be reduced once the temperature approaches normal;

false temperature rise may result. If the C is taken from the ampoules and

swallowed in some juice, it will have about the same results as if it had been

injected.

In another similar paper published the next year, 1958, in the Tri-State

Medical Journal, he outlines two important stages:

Stage (A): 1) a history of having had the flu for two or three days

complicated by physical or mental stress, or 2) a mild cold with a runny nose

for

several weeks. Then the sudden onset of Stage (B) with either 1) convulsions,

2)

extreme excitability or dancing eyeballs, 3) severe chill, 4) strangling

during normal swallowing, 5) Collapse or stupor.

Stage (B) is usually associated with the following:

1. rapid pulse,

2. normal or moderately elevated temperature,

3. respirations twice the normal rate and sometimes an air hunger (which

is reminiscent of that seen in acidosis or aspirin poisoning),

4. dilated, unequal pupils,

5. normal urinalysis,

6. elevated white blood count (which elevation is usually associated

with a bacterial infection),

7. normal bowel action,

8. loss of bladder control when convulsions or coma occurred.

He felt that the rapid spread of the virus to the brain tissue was similar

to the speed of the onset of the symptoms after a severe head injury: “... a

margin of safety is so narrow that life and death are separated only by

minutes.†There is no time to wait for the laboratory results.

Case I: A 64-year old woman had a slight cold for a week, but no other

symptoms. She suddenly developed 104° (axillary) and slipped into a coma

(pulse

120). In the hospital she received achromycin and ascorbic acid. Dr. Klenner

put 26 grams of C into 375 cc of 5% dextrose in water, and let it drip

intravenously, 75 drops per minute. An oxygen mask was applied. The white blood

count was 18,000.

She became conscious an hour after this was begun but could not swallow and

was incontinent. The fever dropped to 102°, but by the ninth hour it was

again at 104°. Another I.V. was given (the same as above) with the antibiotic,

and the 26 grams of C was begun—R=36 per minute.

In another hour (24 hours after admission) her temperature was 100°, pulse

84, and respiration 28. By noon the next day (36 hours) she was suddenly able

to swallow again. She continued the achromycin daily and four grams of

Vitamin C orally every four hours.

Case II: A five-year old boy with no special symptoms suddenly developed a

convulsion and 104° (rectally), pulse 130 and respiration 18. He was

extremely restless. His throat was red and white count 9,000. He had another

convulsion in Dr. Klenner’s office. Dr. Klenner gave him four grams of C

intravenously and sent him into the hospital where he got three grams of C

intramuscularly. His dose was then four grams of C in orange juice every four

hours, plus

an antibiotic (chloromycetin, rarely used now). Temperature was normal in 12

hours. He continued treatment at home for three days.

Case III: A 16-month-old boy who had had a mild cold for two weeks suddenly

collapsed into unconsciousness. The pulse was over 200, and respiration 40

per minute and temperature 100° rectally. Oxygen was started and two grams of

C was given intramuscularly. He roused in ten minutes. Two grams of C was

given every two hours for five times, then every four hours for twelve more

doses. The examination and white blood count (10,000) indicated bilateral

pneumonitis so achromycin was added (50 mg every four hours). The temperature

was

normal by the third day. And he was home in a week.

Case IV: A two-and-a-half-year old boy had a lingering cold for ten days.

Temperature was 101° with red swollen tonsils. Ears and chest clear, but the

pulse was 130 and respirations were rapid and laboured. He was sent home to

have some prescriptions filled but had a convulsion at the pharmacy and was

brought back. Temperature then was 103°. He received three grams of C

intramuscularly plus oxygen. At the hospital he was given another two grams of

C. It

was repeated in one hour and then every two hours x 4. Penicillin was

administered along with terramycin. His temperature was normal in eight hours

after

admission and remained so; he was taking and retaining fluids. He was home on

the second hospital day.

Case V: Demonstrates the usual quick response to therapy, but also the

recurrence rate if the C is discontinued prematurely. The patient, a 73

year-old

male, was admitted three times in 24 days with the same disease. He had a

slight cold for a few days. Then abruptly, a severe headache was followed by a

chill and coma. T=103, p=138, resp.=36, BP=150/90, white blood count was

10,000. Moisture was detected in his lungs. Muscle jerks appeared. Nasal oxygen

begun. Intravenous achromycin and Vitamin C were begun; 20 grams of C was added

to 378 cc of 5% dextrose in water. It was repeated in eight hours. He became

conscious in 18 hours. He went home on the third day but returned in two

weeks with the same findings and received the same treatment and sent home. In

seven days he was back with the same symptoms. He was given 24 grams of C and

sent home on achromycin and ten grams of C daily indefinitely.

As these cases show Dr. Klenner was confident that the C would handle the

virus, but he needed the antibiotics to control the bacterial secondary

invaders.

The initial dose administered by needle is no less than 250 mg per kilogram

of body weight. For children the dose would be two to three grams

intramuscularly using a concentration of 500 mg per cc. Ice on the muscle after

injection will usually control pain. “Massive use of C is compatible with any

other

drug and in most instances it will enhance the value of these other

remedies.â€

 

He felt that the virus (or their toxins) act on the brain and can culminate

in diaphragmatic spasm with resultant dyspnea and even asphyxia.

He believed that the lingering “cold†had depleted the stores of Vitamin C.

The capillary beds in lungs and brain are damaged and the virus can invade

these tissues. The microscopic pathology in the brain shows thrombosis of

vessels, hemorrhages and proliferation of leucocytes. These are signs of

ascorbic

acid deficiency. If the patients are not given massive doses of C at this

critical time, they will experience permanent nerve injury or may succumb.

Pregnant women are thus more susceptible to polio because of their relatively

low

stores of C. “With the use of massive doses of Vitamin C, I have yet to see

a patient not fully recovered.†It will also shorten the illness by at least

one-half the usual sickness days, and the patients can be easily handled at

home. Indeed, he treated many of these patients with two and three visits a

day in the office for the Vitamin C shots. He did not exclude the use of

antibiotics.

In 1960 he re-emphasized the need for families and physicians to be vigilant

for the potentially fatal viral encephalitis. As published in The Tri-State

Medical Journal, February, 1960, he warned that “every cold must be

considered as a probable source of brain pathology.†Most doctors are not

impressed

with the seriousness of the runny nose, the sore windpipe and the dry cough

until this smoldering virus bursts through the defences and attacks the brain.

The point he is emphasizing is that the smoldering virus is depleting the

circulating Vitamin C, and when it gets low enough, the intercellular cement

is weakened; the virus can easily burst through to the susceptible brain. It

is like a metastasis of the pulmonary pathology to the brain (just like cancer

cells seeding into the brain).

The brain is the logical target of any virus floating about in the blood, as

the vascular system supplying the brain is the most extensive of all the

capillary beds in the body. Interference with the blood supply of the nervous

system can be disastrous, since the brain cannot accumulate an oxygen debt.

Biochemical techniques will some day indicate what is happening at the

cellular level. The proof lies in the results. Dr. Klenner recites some

classics

way back in 1953. A patient with virus pneumonia and a fever of 106° received

140 grams of C over a period of 72 hours. On the third day she was alert,

sitting in bed and swallowing fluids by mouth. Dr. Klenner believed that a

similar respiratory virus in a baby with a truncated immune system might spread

all over the body in minutes winding up in the brain as encephalitis, pneumonia

and diaphragmatic spasm. (The Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (S.I.D.S.) that

takes 8,000 babies in the U.S. between ages two and ten months of age.)

It is not just the lung pathology that takes these people; it is the brain

invasion. (It sounds a little like Reye’s syndrome—an innocent flu turns

into

a fatal encephalitis.) “It is necessary for everyone to take adequate

supplemental Vitamin C to guard against such disasters.â€

He had searched the literature and found studies reported in 1905 and 1907

that confirmed the virus lung-to-brain encephalitis pattern. All of Dr.

Klenner’s patients recovered. How do we get doctors to inject massive doses

of C

into their collapsed patients while they are “pondering the diagnosis?â€

He felt there were many pathways into the brain: nose, stomach, ears but the

basic fault might be the breakdown of the intercellular cement of the

capillary wall in regulating the permeability of the blood vessels of the

C.N.S.

Vitamin C is essential to the integrity of those capillary walls. It makes

sense to believe that the chronicity of the virus infection—mild though it

may

have been—could have finally depleted the body of an optimum supply of C for

maintenance of tissue repair. Capillaries break down, blood and viruses are

free to attack the brain. The theory and practice seem to fit. Vitamin C helps

control virus infections, and if there is a failure, usually it is because not

enough C was being used.

In another case, a seven year-old boy was treated for influenza off and on

for six weeks. He got sulfa, a form of penicillin and five to ten grams of C

orally. When he had the fourth recurrence, the antibiotics and C had no

effect. On the third day he suddenly became lethargic and then dropped into a

stupor. Temperature was 102.6°. Dr. Klenner quickly injected him with six

grams of

ascorbic acid intravenously. In five minutes he was awake, asking, “what

happened?†Another six grams in four hours and two more at six hour intervals.

Recovery complete in 24 hours without a trace of recurrence. The patient was

administered five grams of C in juice every eight hours for a week. The

patient was Dr. Klenner’s son.

Viral encephalitis can be associated with cold sores; one third of patients

die and 85% of survivors have brain damage. All of us are infected by the age

of five years but only 1% experience symptoms. The virus is harboured in a

dormant form until a physical or emotional hurt provokes the virus to

reproduce and manifest itself with the canker sore.

 

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Virus Pneumonia

He wrote an article about virus pneumonia (Southern Medicine and Surgery,

Feb. 1948), a persistent debilitating illness that responds poorly to

antibiotics. In his series of 42 cases he achieved excellent results with,

surprisingly, Vitamin C. Some doctors were using X-rays as therapy!

His routine: 1000 mg of Vitamin C intravenously every six to twelve hours

for a mild case. In children, 500 mg of C intramuscularly every six to twelve

hours was about right. Three to seven injections were all that was required

for complete clinical and X-ray resolution. Most patients felt better in just

one hour and definite improvement after two hours. Nausea and headache

disappeared after the first shot. Fever fell at least two degrees Fahrenheit in

several hours after the first injection.

He gave alkaline drinks as this impedes the excretion of the C through the

kidneys. Mustard plasters were used to relieve chest pain and constricted

breathing. In some patients cyanosis (blueness due to lack of oxygen in

tissues)

was immediately relieved by an additional injection of 500 mg of C.

He then reports the case of virus pneumonia which he treated in the early

1940’s. The man became blue but refused to be hospitalized; Dr. Klenner

wanted

to test the catalytic action of Vitamin C to serve as a gas transport (O2)

aiding cellular respiration. He gave him two grams of Vitamin C

intramuscularly and the cyanosis began to clear up in 30 minutes. Six hours

later that

patient was sitting up eating dinner; his fever had fallen three degrees. Dr.

Klenner suspected that the C had done more than act as a respiratory catalyst.

He was given a gram every six hours for three days. He was well by this time.

Here is “evidence to prove unequivocally that Vitamin C is the antibiotic of

choice in the handling of all types of virus diseases. Furthermore, it is a

major adjuvant in the treatment of all other infectious diseases.â€

Virus Pneumonia: female, 28 years, temperature = 106°, chest and head cold

two weeks, severe headache, stuporous, dehydration. Antibiotics were of no

help.

Treatment: 1000 cc of 5% dextrose in a saline solution and four grams of C.

Temperature to 100° in eleven hours. Then every two to three hours—two to

four grams of C was given intravenously. At 72 hours the patient was alert,

sitting up and swallowing fluids. Vitamin C treatment was maintained for

another

two weeks: two grams every twelve hours. Thiamin was given for deafness (due

to previous antibiotics and encephalitis); hearing normal in ten days. X-ray

did not clear up for another two to three months.

In a 58 year-old man with a severe viral pneumonia only one-half the

recommended dose was used (two grams every four hours). He slowly improved

(three

grams in six hours). His dose should have been four grams every four hours or

two grams in two hours. “The course emphasized the necessity of administering

massive doses of C at frequent regular intervals so as to maintain the proper

level of this ‘antibiotic’ in the tissues.â€

Dr. Klenner points out, as all doctors know, a secondary infection

frequently gets in “on top†of the original virus infection. Virus

pneumonia very

commonly allows a germ to produce a bronchitis, requiring an antibiotic.

 

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Poliomyelitis

In polio, Vitamin C destroys the virus, acts as a diuretic removing the

edema of the brain and prevents crowding of the cells lining the nervous system

(see p. 2). The swollen, infected tissue creates a pressure in the unyielding

bony vault and cuts off the blood supply to the motor cells, thus paralysis

follows.

Dr. Klenner reports the findings of a Dr. McCormick who attended 50 cases of

polio in Toronto, Canada (1949). The polio victims who were white bread

eaters developed paralysis, but the brown bread eaters were protected from

paralysis. B vitamins seem to give anti-paralysis protection. The Vitamin C

relieves the pressure on the vessels so the nutrient—including B1—can

nourish the

cells properly.

He reports the case of a five year-old girl with paralysis of both legs

accompanied by knee and back pain. Massage was given along with Vitamin C by

injection. Within four days she was able to move both legs. She was sent home

to

continue the Vitamin C orally at 1000 mg every two hours. She walked by the

eleventh day; the vitamin was stopped and B1 begun, only ten milligrams four

times each day. She was completely well by the 19th day after treatment had

been started.

Another polio case with 104.4° temperature (measured in the armpit) severe

headache, red eyes, vomiting and tightness in the hamstrings. Two grams of

Vitamin C was given intravenously immediately and again in two hours; then

every

four hours for 48 hours. In six hours after the first intravenous dose, his

temperature had fallen to 100°, his eyes cleared up, he was jovial, sitting

and drinking fluids. He would have them on 1500 mg of C by mouth every two

hours for a week. The C was discontinued, and he took 25 mg of B1 four times a

day. Dr. Klenner felt B1 should be continued for a period of at least three

months because nerve tissue is slow to recover.

In another article about viruses in 1949 (Southern Medicine and Surgery,

vol. 111, #7, July) he states his frustration at the lack of ability of

standard

researchers to recognize their failure in treating viral diseases; they did

not give big enough doses frequently enough. He found an unbelievable record

of these failed studies in the ten years before he wrote this article.

He concentrated on the response of poliomyelitis to Vitamin C in this

article. He knew that the virus was floating about in the blood stream and that

large doses of Vitamin C would destroy the virus before it got to the nervous

system. Dr. Klenner reviewed the literature in 1948 because he was having

consistent, positive responses with Vitamin C; he was encouraged when he read

that some investigators had discovered low levels of C in the urine of humans

and animals when infected with the polio virus. He felt there was a “

relationship between the degree of Vitamin C saturation and the infectious and

non-infectious state.†An Australian, Heaslip, showed a “correlation between

the

severity of the attack and the level of urinary excretion of the vitamin.†A

“

deficiency of Vitamin C in the diet predisposed to infection and to the

severity of the attack.â€

One report he cited was published by Jungeblut in 1937. If Vitamin C was

given during the incubation stage in monkeys, the subsequent disease was much

less severe. But if the disease was in its fifth day, much larger doses of C

were required. Even when but 100 mg of C were given in 24 hours to these

experimental monkeys, there were six times the number of non-paralytic

survivors as

in the control group.

Dr. Sabin attempted to discredit the use of Vitamin C in controlling polio

in monkeys but did not give enough (100mg), and the monkeys had unmodified

poliomyelitis. Scurvy is surely an invitation to infection, but the absence of

scurvy does not assure an adequate immune system—especially when an infection

invades. Malnutrition plays a definite role in susceptibility to virus

infections. “Thousands of children owe their paralyzed limbs to this

unfortunate

blunder of Sabin.â€

He arbitrarily adopted the following routine injection schedule: 1000 to

2000 mg initially depending upon age. The intramuscular route was used for

children under age four years. If the fever dropped in two hours, two more

hours

was allowed before the second dose. After 24 hours, if the fever remained

down, this same dose was given every six hours for the next 48 hours. All sixty

cases were well in 72 hours. Three however, had a relapse, so the C was

continued in all 60 cases for another two days every eight to twelve hours.

Home treatment was 2000 mg injected every six hours plus 1000 to 2000 mg

orally every two hours.

Two of the 60 patients had throat muscle paralysis and needed oxygen and

drainage but were recovering in 36 hours.

In a follow up article on “The Vitamin and Massage Treatment for Acute

Poliomyelitis†(Southern Medicine and Surgery, vol. 114, #8, August, 1952) he

summarized his years of treatment of this scourge that hit every summer. He

felt

much of the fear about the disease was due to reckless propaganda. It is a

dramatic disease mainly affecting children. At that time the standard treatment

was the splinting of the affected muscles for two to eight weeks to prevent

any kind of motion. Surgery was then used to correct contractions and

stabilize joints. At about that same time Sister Kenny was urging the use of

hot

moist packs and early passive motion to relieve spasm. Dr. Klenner used pillows

to rest the affected muscles, immediate and continuous massage and passive

motion, and, of course, Vitamin C to kill the virus, reduce the swelling in the

brain, support the exhausted adrenals and rehabilitate damaged nerve

tissue.

Reducing spinal fluid pressure is important to allow nutrients to reach the

shocked nerve cells. The edema fluid “pressure in the central nervous system

is the end result of the inflammatory reaction caused by the virus.†it is

probably augmented by a deficiency of Vitamin B1. Early researchers tried to

relieve this pressure by the use of hypertonic sugar (10% dextrose) solutions

designed to pull the fluid from the brain, relieving the headache and allowing

the circulation to open up sufficiently to permit nutriments into the dying

cells. It is known that virus infections deplete the Vitamin C content of the

adrenals. Chemical reactions follow resulting in high blood sugar; “

apparently the adrenal medulla is released from its inhibiting mechanism

allowing a

concentration of free adrenaline in the blood high enough to cause

vasoconstriction.†Glucose would only serve to aggravate this artificial

diabetes

(Maybe this is why some children develop diabetes after a virus infection,

notably

mumps).

Vitamin C works as a destroyer of the virus but also as a safe and potent

dehydrator and diuretic. (Most patients complain of thirst after an I.V. of

ascorbic acid.) “Given in massive doses it will relieve the edema pressure of

the cord and brain, thus allowing normal amounts of B1 to reach chemically

shocked nerve cells.†He occasionally used hypertonic sodium lactate as a

dehydrator.

Vitamin C is proven to be low in the blood and tissues of virus victims. In

a loading test, Heaslip found the urine of virus infected patients only

revealed 20% of the ingested dose compared to healthy controls who excreted 44%

of

the swallowed C.

Jungeblut, a Vitamin C researcher, observed:

1. If a paralytic dose of polio virus were injected into the brains of

monkeys, they all developed paralytic polio. If, however, Vitamin C was

injected along with the virus, the animals remained free of the disease.

2. If monkeys were infected with a high dose of the virus, Vitamin C by

injection failed to modify the disease course.

3. If less virus were given and the Vitamin C was kept at 100 mg per

day, the results were variable. Dr. Klenner felt that the virus dose was not

standard, and the Vitamin C was too small and too infrequently given.

Dr. Klenner felt the best time to treat the virus was during the viremia

stage; that is, when it was floating about in the blood stream and had not

invaded the tissues. He repeats: “For optimum results the vitamin must be

given in

massive doses, every two to four hours, around the clock.†Intestinal

absorption is inconsistent; it must be given by needle.

Dr. Klenner wondered if some of the manifestation of polio might be due to

mild scurvy. Fever, vomiting, diarrhea, aches are all seen with scurvy and

with polio. Certainly when Vitamin C is given all these symptoms and signs

disappear. Was it scurvy or polio?

He points out the similarities in pathology in the nerve cells of polio and

beri-beri (B1 deficiency). He believed this sequence: the virus causes a

Vitamin C deficiency which stresses the medulla of the adrenal gland.

Adrenaline

is released, which causes not only vascular constriction but affects

carbohydrate metabolism, that is, it causes the blood sugar to rise. B1,

thiamin, is

absolutely necessary for sugar metabolism, and most diets are low in B1. In

addition, absorption of vitamins and foods are decreased when a disease is

active. The Adrenaline-induced constriction of the blood vessels about the

intestines cuts some of the blood supply to the intestinal enzymes. Pyruvic

acid

accumulates at the neuromuscular junction. To metabolize pyruvates, an

enzyme, cocarboxylase, is required. This enzyme has two B1 molecules combined

with

phosphate; no B1, no action. When pyruvates accumulate at this area, fatigue

is the result. The flaccid paralysis of polio is related. B1 therapy is

indicated for polio and most cases of fatigue. “Nerve and muscle cells in a

flaccid extremity may be only tired, but it is reasonable to believe that

unless

they are relieved promptly, they may die.†Massage would improve the

circulation and help remove toxic agents during this emergency.

In 1956 Dr. Klenner published, “Poliomyelitis—Case Histories†(Tri-State

Medical Journal, Sept). He had a continuing supply of zingers he would throw at

doctors who insisted on disregarding his logic. He quotes Ratner, “There are

two ways of practicing the medical art: the first is to employ art; the

second is to employ fancy.†If one has used speculation, preconceived

opinions

and prejudice, then he is proceeding by emotions, faith and dreams. We must

proceed by REASON. Husky put it, “Science commits suicide when it adopts a

creed.â€

He was disturbed by the enthusiasm preached by the vaccine enthusiasts. They

claim that the dead Salk vaccine was safe and that it makes antibodies. He

was convinced that was not true. He argued for a live virus, which would be

more likely to give the recipients protective antibodies. 98% of all adults

possess these antibodies. He seems to be arguing for all of us to acquire a

natural immunity to all viral infections by taking enough Vitamin C to

attenuate

the disease no matter when it strikes.

He suggests for poliomyelitis:

1. Gentle massage for paralysis, continuous in the first few hours.

2. Ascorbic acid, best intravenously, at 300 to 500 mg per kg of weight.

In small children: two to three grams intramuscularly every two to four

hours. Ice on the injected muscle will assuage the pain.

3. He suggests penicillin and sulpha drugs would be worthwhile, (I would

disagree).

4. Desoxycortisone acetate is suggested daily x 3.

5. Thiamin, 100 to 250 mg a day for three months will help rehabilitate

the nerves.

6. And make the patient EAT.

He reports some severely ill adults with polio. They had a high fever, 4+

headaches on a scale of one to four, deep eye pain, stilt neck, muscle pain and

spasm in the hamstring muscles. Blood tests were negative for bacterial

infection.

Injections of twelve to twenty-two grams of Vitamin C were given every

twelve hours for six to eight times. The headaches and fever were improved in

48

hours, and most were well in six to ten days at which time oral C was

substituted: 1,500 mg or so at three to four hour intervals. Then the B1 for

three

months to heal the nerves.

 

__

 

Hepatitis

Vitamin C will cure viral hepatitis in two to four days and allow the

patient to resume his usual activities. (500-700 mg/kg body weight taken

orally;

approximately 30-grams/24 hours in orange juice). Dr. Klenner reports that Dr.

Bauer at the University Clinic at Basel, Switzerland used just ten grams

daily intravenously. It proved to be the best treatment available. He indicated

that hepatitis (infectious and serum) can be reversed in a few days using

intravenous Vitamin C. Heavy exercise had no effect on the outcome. [Freebern]

1) A 27 year old male with 103° temperature, nausea and jaundice of three

days. 60 grams of sodium ascorbate in 600 cc of normal saline was given

intravenously at 120 drops/minute. Five grams of Vitamin C was given orally

every

four hours around the clock. Fifteen grams of C was again given three hours

after the first I.V. Another 60 grams of C was given intravenously twelve hours

after the initial one (he used 5% glucose in water this time). That one took

75 minutes to accomplish. Then another fifteen grams of C intravenously after

two more hours.

For the 30 hours of treatment he received 270 grams intravenously and 45

grams orally—no diarrhea. Temperature was normal at this time and urine clear

of

bile. Discharged from the hospital, he was back to work. C sets in as a

flash oxidizer and helps the body manufacture interferon, a natural antiviral

agent.

2) A 22 year old male with chills and fever and a diagnosis of viral

hepatitis. His roommate had been admitted the day before. Fifteen grams of

sodium

ascorbate was given intravenously every twelve hours for three days, then once

daily for six days. Sodium ascorbate was swallowed at five grams every four

hours (135 grams intravenously, and 180 grams orally). No diarrhea appeared

with these doses. He was sent home on the sixth day with no fever and no bile

in the urine. Soon he was back to work. His roommate with just bed rest was in

the hospital for 26 days!

3) Another male contracted hepatitis in Central America. There, he got lemon

juice orally and rectally. Hot mud packs were placed over his liver. He had

104° degree temperature and was sent home. He was told to try bed rest and a

protein diet. When Dr. Klenner saw him, he was jaundiced, temperature = 101°

and had a very large tender liver. His I.V. was 30 grams sodium ascorbate and

one gram calcium gluconate. Oral C: five grams every four hours around the

clock for three days. 400 mg adenosine IM. 100,000 units of palmitate Vitamin

A given daily. On the fourth day he got 70 grams ascorbate intravenously and

one gram calcium. On the sixth day, he got another 70 grams intravenously,

and on the seventh day the bilirubin in the serum was down to 1.9 compared to

98 on the first day; SGOT had fallen from 450 to 45. At home he took fifteen

grams of C orally, 1,400 mg of choline three times a day plus a high protein

and carbohydrate diet—no sequelae.

4) A 42-year-old male suffering from chronic hepatitis had been

unsuccessfully treated with steroids for seven months. He was given B complex

and

Vitamin C: 45 grams of sodium ascorbate plus one gram of calcium gluconate in

500

cc of water with 5% glucose was given intravenously three times a week. He

took five grams of C orally every four hours. He was free of the disease in

five

months. Dr. Klenner felt if he had more massive and continuous doses in the

hospital he would have been well in a few weeks, but his peers on the staff

would have denied the patient this safe treatment.

Dr. Klenner re-emphasized the point, “Sodium ascorbate in amounts ranging up

to 900 mg per kilogram body weight every eight to twelve hours will effect

cures in two to four days.†Adenosine, 400 to 1,200 mg. intramuscularly,

daily.

He felt that the risk of serum hepatitis from dialysis machines could be

eliminated by flushing the machines with 50 grams of sodium ascorbate. When he

needed to give a patient a blood transfusion he always added ten grams of

sodium ascorbate to each pint. The Japanese, he said, have added but five grams

of C to each unit of blood; result, no hepatitis and in thousands of cases.

 

__

 

Herpes Simplex & Zoster

Adenosine, 400 mg is given intramuscularly upon diagnosis. Fifteen grams of

sodium ascorbate intravenously is next using a six-cc syringe intravenously.

Then a second dose of adenosine, 400 mg, 30 minutes after the C. Paint the

lesion with tincture of benzoin. Then apply calomine lotion with 5% phenol.

Continue to paint only the raw areas, but apply the calomine and phenol to

entire area. Continue the injections every twelve hours for three days then

daily

for several days. A B complex capsule with 100 mg of each of the B’s along

with “massive†amounts of Vitamin A orally are taken daily.

To control pain after the lesions heal, a daily I.V. is used containing

thiamin, 1000 mg; pyridoxine, 300 mg; niacinamide, 600 mg, diluted to twenty cc

with saline, daily for five days. He uses twenty-three gauge, one inch

needle.

Herpes simplex must he treated as above for 72 hours as recurrences are

common if treatment is shortened.

Fever blisters: three percent ointment of Vitamin C applied to the lips ten

to fifteen times a day in a water soluble base speeds up the cure. A

three-percent solution of ascorbic acid used as a douche will heal a cervical

erosion; direct application of this solution by the physician would be prudent.

Twenty grams of C orally each day would “erase this form of malignancy.â€

Dr.

Klenner points out that the cancer seems to hit those with a hereditary

tendency; a virus grows more eagerly in the susceptible. If there is a family

tendency, oral C in large doses as a preventative makes sense.

 

__

 

Chicken Pox

Vitamin C orally is less reliable. Dr. Klenner noted his own daughter

struggling with chicken pox. She was getting 24 grams a day, but papules spread

and

the itch was intense. After one gram of C intravenously, the itch stopped

and she slept well for eight hours. A new I.V. was then given and no new rash

appeared. (Untreated chicken pox victims break out for five full days). He

noted this ability of C to terminate the usual progress of virus diseases.

One to three injections of 400 mg per kg every eight hours will dry up

chicken pox in 24 hours. Controls nausea with one gram of C per five cc of

fluid.

Thirst is precluded if a glass of juice is drunk just before the I.V.

 

__

 

Hard Measles

He reports some cases:

1. A ten month old baby had the high fever, watery nose, dry cough, the red

eyes, and the Koplik spots that gave the disease away: hard measles. He gave

1000 mg of C every four hours. After twelve hours the temperature had fallen

to 97.5°; the cough had stopped and the redness of the membranes had cleared.

Just to see if this improvement happened to be the natural course of the

disease, he stopped the C for just eight hours. The fever rose to 103.4°. The

C

injections were resumed and the fever dropped in a few hours to 99°. 1000 mg

was given every four hours; no rash developed.

II. An eight-year-old developed measles and mumps closely followed by

encephalitis (T-104°). He could not eat, was stuporous and responded only to

pain.

Two hours after one injection of 2000 mg of Vitamin C, he sat up, ate a

hearty meal and then played. In six hours he started to revert to his previous

stupor, and the fever returned. Twelve hours after a second injection of two

grams, and 1000 mg every two hours by mouth, he recovered. Dr. Klenner said,

“

The rude irritability shown prior to the first injection of Vitamin C was

strikingly absent.†I think what he wants the reader to grasp is that the

symptoms

of these devastating virus diseases are similar to the clues seen in

scorbutic patients.

The bloody nose is common in measles, but can be relieved with one or two

injections of Vitamin C (one to four grams depending on individual

differences). Bleeding tendencies are common with scurvy. Did the disease allow

the

scurvy to become manifest? These symptoms are due to acute Vitamin C loss and

are

nature’s way to ask for help.

 

__

 

Mumps

He reports cases of influenza, encephalitis, and measles easily cured with

Vitamin C injections and oral doses. A 23-year-old male developed mumps plus

bilateral orchitis; his fever was 105°, and he was in overwhelming pain with

“

testicles the size of tennis balls.†After one 1000-mg injection of Vitamin

C intravenously the pain began to subside and after six more shots spaced

every two hours the pain was gone. The fever was normal in 36 hours. He was up,

about and well in 60 hours. Total dose 25,000 mg.

 

__

 

Mononucleosis

Dr. Klenner felt mono is related to cancer because the same virus

(Epstein-Barr) is found in Burkett’s lymphoma. The disease, mono, can be

eliminated

with an I.V. of C in just a few days, “The actual time being directly

proportional to the amount of the vitamin employed in relation to the severity

of the

infection.†(Most of us use Dr. Cathcart’s formula for the amount of C to

be

given: “I think this is a 50 gram disease: some fever, generalized aches, but

ambulatory.â€) In one patient who was given the last rites by her church, the

girl’s mother took things into her own hands when the attending physician

refused to give ascorbic acid. In each bottle of I.V. fluid she would secretly

and quickly “tap in†20 -30 grams of Vitamin C. The patient made an

uneventful recovery. Her mother has her BS in nursing and has been a long time

advocate of massive “C†therapy. (100 gram disease: 102-103°, holding down

fluids

but needs to stay in bed, miserable. 200 gram disease: 104 degree

temperature, semi-comatose, somewhat dehydrated; hospitalization a good idea.)

The theory behind the use of adenosine: ascorbic acid stimulates an enzyme

which breaks down the nucleic acid in the virus. Some individuals cannot

manufacture enough adenosine to aid this enzyme activity. Purines are

catabolized

and are thus unavailable for the production of new viral nucleic acid.

 

__

 

Other Diseases

Dr. Klenner tells the reader about curing diphtheria with Vitamin C

intravenously or intramuscularly. Bacillary dysentery is stopped in 48 hours

with

injections of C.

Pancreatitis. He treated but one case of this. He put 60 grams of sodium

ascorbate in 1000 cc of 5% dextrose in water and let it drip in rapidly and the

patient was able to go home in twelve hours.

Cardiovascular diseases, hypermenorrhea, peptic and duodenal ulcers,

postoperative and radiation sickness, rheumatic fever, scarlet fever,

poliomyelitis,

acute and chronic pancreatitis, tularemia, whooping cough, and

tuberculosis.

In one case of scarlet fever, antibiotics had no effect, but the fever

responded dramatically when 50 grams of C was given intravenously.

Others - Massive doses for rheumatic fever. C will cure TB by removal of the

organism’s coat. Also pneumonia—(so it does not matter if one has a viral

or bacterial pneumonia, it works).

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever. Dr. Klenner was an authority in the treatment

of this rather debilitating, serious disease because his practice was right

in the middle of a constant locus of infection for tick bite fever.

Dr. Klenner had been taught in his training that there was no cure for it,

only supportive. So when he was confronted with an obvious case—104.4°

degree

temperature, spots over body, coma, and positive blood test—he quickly gave

30 grams of C intravenously every six hours. The patient was given

para-aminobenzoic acid orally, six grams, every two hours x3, then 4 grams

every two

hours for 24 hours, then 4 grams every 4 hours until his fever was gone for 24

hours. At about the sixth hour of treatment he became conscious and rational.

He was sent home on the sixth day, fully recovered.

He reported the story of a twelve-year-old female with spots and 105°

temperature. She was given chloroamphenicol and PABA but with only a poor

response

on the third day, so she was given an I.V. with 30 grams of C. In two hours

she was almost well, cheerful and responsive. She was given 30 grams every

eight hours and was well and home in seven days.

He wrote of his son, sick with R.M.S.F. who almost died. He needed Vitamin

C, vibramycin (an antibiotic), PABA. Thiamin 1000 mg, B2 300 mg, and B3 500 mg

were added to the I.V.’s daily. On the third day his temperature was still

up (105 degrees); he was losing interest, and candida was developing. He

finally got well on the fourth day.

What Dr. Klenner shows and tells us that with a devastating disease like

R.M.S.F.; everything known to be helpful should be used. It seems obvious that

antibiotics have a place, but Vitamin C is extremely useful. He pointed out

one medical centre used the large doses of PABA, and had no fatalities, except

a six year old who was given only one half the calculated dose.

The C is given around the clock and at the 500-900 mg per kg body weight

level. The disease “can always be reversed.â€

Dr. Klenner even treated trichinosis. In the Tri-State Medical Journal for

April, 1954, an article entitled, “The Treatment with Massive Doses of

Vitamin

C and Para-Amino-Benzoic Acid†Dr. Klenner pointed out that sixteen percent

of humans in the U.S. have these worms. An acute case will have puffy

eyelids, high eosinophil count in the blood stream, pain and swelling of the

muscles, fever, profuse sweating, cough and profound weakness. The eosinophil

count

is high with some allergies also. He found that the lymphocytes stimulate

anti-body formation and that the lymphocytes rise with the patient’s

recovery.

He reported the case of a man who had eaten sausage. He came down with a

fever (104°), very puffy skin of the eyelids, hacking cough. Tests were

positive

for trichinosis and the eosinophil count was fifteen percent (normal less

than four percent).

He was given large doses of C by needle because it would aid antibody

formation and to detoxify him. Calcium gluconate, one gram every day for

several

days. Antibiotics were worthless.

Fever rose to 106°, and he lapsed into a semi-coma. As it reminded Dr.

Klenner of tick bite fever, he forced para-aminobenzoic acid down his throat.

Four

grams initially, then 3 grams every 2 hours. Eight hours after this was

started he ate a full breakfast—the first in several days. His profuse

sweating

stopped. His temperature returned to normal. The PABA was stopped after two

days to see the effect; in 36 hours the fever was back up to 101°. The

sweating

recurred.

The PABA was restarted at three grams every 2 hours during the day and every

three hours at night. After 9 days he was well, the PABA was stopped and

there was no recurrence.

Another patient, a woman, age 33, had a fever (103.4°), swollen lids,

eosinophils 30%, cough. She took 6 grams of PABA and then 3 grams every three

hours

for 37 hours then that amount every 4 hours. Fruit juice also. Twelve grams

of C was given every twelve hours. Ten grams of C orally daily. She returned

to work in eight days.

Dr Klenner had no explanation as to why PABA was a curative for

trichinosis.

Tetanus (Lockjaw). In two articles in the Tri-State Medical Journal for June

and July of 1954, he again scored some points for Vitamin C in “The History

of Lockjawâ€, and “Recent Discoveries in the Treatment of Lockjaw.â€

He stated that lockjaw is not difficult to cure. He believed that doctors

rely on antitoxin as the sole therapy because some “authority†recommends

it.

Many patients are sedated “to the point of narcosis.â€

He felt that the practice of injecting the tetanus antitoxin into the

tissues near the wound was for medico-legal reasons as it had no benefit and

might

even be harmful. The antitoxin “cannot travel from the circulation into the

nervous system and unless it be injected into the nervous tissue, it is

relatively valueless.â€

Dr. Klenner reports on other research: Vitamin C inactivates the toxin of

tetanus.

He recounted the history of a six-year-old boy who had never had any

immunizations and developed tetanus after falling off his pony into some brush.

Over

a period of three weeks the boy developed increasing muscle tightness,

abdominal cramps, inability to smile or open his mouth. Liquids were all he

could

manage. If stimulated his back would arch so his body was as a bridge resting

on heels and back of head.

Dr. Klenner used Tolserol to control the convulsive spasm without sedating

the senses unduly (the FDA has taken it off the market; Methocarbamol can be

used intravenously with comparable results). The boy was treated with Vitamin

C, penicillin, tetanus antitoxin and Tolserol. He spent eighteen (18) days in

the hospital, but the use of tetanus antitoxin seemed to aggravate the

seizures and required more Vitamin C, sedatives and its use definitely

prolonged

the hospitalization.

He received 2 to 4 grams of Vitamin C every four to six hours depending upon

the symptoms and within one hour he would be calm and free of spasms. The

idea was to help the body’s natural detoxifying process. He also developed

hives from the TAT or the penicillin and needed Benadryl and Adrenaline for

that.

He summarized the treatment of tetanus:

1. debride and clean any wound thoroughly. (He felt ether was good

because it kills most bacteria without destroying tissue.)

2. 75,000 units antitoxin deep intramuscularly above the wound,

3. intravenous fluids,

4. massive doses of Vitamin C intravenously around the clock,

5. intradermal tetanus toxoid, 0.1 cc for five consecutive days,

6. intravenous Tolserol—now Methocarbamol. He felt all states should

pass legislation requiring tetanus toxoid for all ages.

He felt that the number of fatalities from the disease were equal to the

number of those who die from the treatment. He emphasized some principles of

treatment 30 to 40 years ago that many of us have forgotten: namely, do no

harm,

and the body has tremendous restorative powers if the doctor will supply it

with the raw materials to promote recovery.

Urethritis: Dr. Klenner points to the study done by Rous in 1971. Only three

grams of Vitamin C per day stopped the pain and frequency of urination in

just four days. Apparently alkaline urine allows phosphate crystals to form;

Vitamin C acidified the urine and the crystals went back into solution.

Chronic cystitis is usually associated with alkaline urine. Germs grow more

easily in this alkaline urine. Vitamin C will discourage these bacteria and

cut the chance of an ascending infection which might devastate the kidneys

(pyelitis). Ten grams of C per day are suggested.

 

__

 

Other Conditions

Antabuse is a chemical used to discourage alcoholics from drinking. Alcohol

and Antabuse in the body form acetaldehyde; the person feels awful; weak,

headaches even coma as this case illustrates. Dr. Klenner felt he may have been

the first to recommend Vitamin C in the control of this chemical reaction.

The man was on Antabuse. At one Christmas holiday his “friends†persuaded

him

to drink with them. Shortly thereafter he was brought to the emergency room

where Dr. Klenner happened to be. He was unconscious with BP of 90/60. He

suffered from shock (same clinical picture with barbiturate poisoning.) His I.V.

was 500 ml of 10% glucose in water with 50 grams of sodium ascorbate. After

30 grams had run in, he awakened, felt well and wanted to go home. He got the

whole 50 grams in three hours and was sent home. He also received oxygen by

nasal mask.

The company that manufactures Antabuse suggests but one gram intravenously

as an antidote calling it “massive.†Dr. Klenner felt that amount was “

without value.â€

For acute alcoholism Dr. Klenner has given 1000 mg of thiamin

intramuscularly every two hours until recovery. Pyridoxine, 500 mg is given

every six

hours. 40 grams of C intravenously will detoxify the patient.

Arthritis: Vitamin C counteracts the damaging effects of aspirin. C is the

number one precursor for collagen formation. If serum levels of C are high,

synovial fluid is thinner allowing for easier joint movement. Those taking 15

to 25 grams daily will experience commensurate benefit. Prevention seems

prudent. “A person who will take ten to twenty grams of ascorbic acid a day

along

with other nutrients might very well never develop arthritis.â€

Cancer: He cites Schlegel’s (Tulane University) use of ascorbic acid (1.5

grams a day only) in preventing bladder cancer recurrence. “This is the so

called wasted Vitamin C.â€

He “demonstrated that in the presence of ascorbic acid, carcinogenic

metabolites will not develop in the urine. They suggested that spontaneous

tumor

formation is the result of faulty tryptophan metabolism while urine is retained

in the bladder.†Other researchers report that the depletion of mast cells

from guinea pig skin was due to ascorbic acid deficiency. It suggests Vitamin C

is necessary for the formation and maintenance of mast cells.

Vitamin C will control myelocytic leukemia with 25-30 grams orally daily. “

How long must we wait for someone to start continuous ascorbic acid drip for

two to three months, giving 100 to 300 grams each day, for various malignant

conditions?

Small basal cell epithelioma: 30% Vitamin C ointment.

He cites a disturbing study: particles resembling viruses were found in some

breast milk samples of women with breast cancer. Could this help to explain

why some cancers seem to be “inherited?†It makes sense that all members of

cancer prone families should be taking at least ten grams of C daily.

His protocol for treating cancer is printed here in total, although I do not

understand the rationale for some of the ingredients. All of this is

designed to kill the cancer cells by shoring up the immune system. He even

recognized the therapeutic value for a positive attitude.

1. Use radioactive cobalt when and where indicated.

2. Give 45 grams of sodium ascorbate intravenously every twelve hours for

one month. Then use 60 to 65 grams in 500 cc of normal saline or 5% dextrose in

water for five days a week until a cure is obtained. It usually takes five

months.

3. Each bottle is to contain one gram of calcium gluconate, a cc of some B

complex, plus 1,200 mg of thiamin, 300 mg of pyridoxine, and 600 mg of

niacinamide.

4. Oral sodium ascorbate, 5, 10, 20, grams daily. The dose depends upon the

bowel tolerance.

5. Vitamin A palmitate, 50,000 units, daily, orally.

6. Pantothenic acid, (B5) one gram orally four times a day.

7. Amino acid protein powder with all the eighteen amino acids. 60 tablets

each day or, if a powder, several tablespoons daily. This supports the immune

system and the enzymes. Tyrosine should be taken separately, if possible, as

this one makes the others work better; 500 mg tablets—six daily.

8. In addition, a high protein diet using white chicken meat, fresh fish,

chicken livers, and brown-shelled eggs. Beef (but once a week) should be as

lean as possible: lean stew beef or sirloin tip are the best but have the

butcher grind it three times. Hamburgers? Only once a week. No sugar and no

starches. Fruit and fruit juices are permitted. Almonds are excellent.

9. 30 to 40 apricot almonds should be chewed every day in divided doses

until a continuous bitter almond taste develops. At this point the patient cuts

the dose in half. “This will form cyanide by way of the stomach acid. Cyanide

will kill cancer cells. Vitamin C will protect one against the lethal effects

of cyanide. It is the antidote. 500 mg tablets of vitamin B17 are

available. One after each meal and at bed time.†(Not everyone would agree

with this

part of the therapy. Cancer victims are still getting amygdalin B17, as

injections from Mexico, but there is some doubt as to its efficacy. LHS)

10. Vitamin E, d-alpha tocopheryl acetate, 400 International unit size,

3,200 units daily. Don’t take iron with it.

11. One pint of grape juice daily.

12. B complex tablets with 100 mg of each of the B’s and 100 mcg of B12.

Six to eight tablets daily. Theragran-M or a similar capsule with all the

minerals to replace what is being pulled out by the C.

13. Maintain the hemoglobin at 13 grams.

14. Keep a good attitude.

He reported a case of a man with lymph glands all over his body. He got the

above treatment and although the glands increased in size for a while, his

liver and spleen were back to normal size in four months. Dr. Klenner noticed a

‘parachute-like’ substance in the urine. Microscopic examination revealed

they were clumps of cancer cells.

Another case was that of a woman who had an adenocarcinoma of two years

duration. She had had chemotherapy, two surgeries and extensive radiation over

her chest, especially the neck area where the cancerous glands were. The cancer

had spread to her lungs, her abdomen and six glands in her neck. Dr. Klenner

gave her the above protocol. In three months the lesion in her lung had

cleared and gone were the glands in her neck. After six months of intravenous

Vitamin C and the B complex, the abdominal masses had disappeared, but she

could

not swallow food. The radiation had scarred her esophagus beyond dilatation

and she refused more surgery. The cancer was gone; she died from starvation

due to the radiation.

Dr Klenner summarized this paper with this: “The results suggest that larger

daily amounts could be given in a hospital with faster results. I would

suggest at least 100 grams in 1000 cc of fluid and given every twelve to 24

hours. The vitamins and the calcium gluconate also must be given.†He thought

interferon could be assayed while the patient is in the hospital. “How long

will

it take for the general population to challenge the drug cartel?â€

There is a relationship of Vitamin C and cholesterol. Scorbutic guinea pigs

have high cholesterol levels. Way back in 1947 high intravenous doses of

Vitamin C were found effective in lowering cholesterol levels. One researcher

[spittle, 1971, Lancet] postulated that arteriosclerosis might be the end

result of a long term deficiency or negative balance of Vitamin C. [Hecker] He

and

Dr. Klenner saw the cholesterol levels in the blood of subjects vary with

the amount of C used. In one patient the cholesterol was lowered 42 mg percent

in six weeks when his oral intake of Vitamin C was increased from 10 grams a

day to 20 grams a day.

This all makes sense as “the main pathway of cholesterol catabolism is in

conversion to bile salts.†Vitamin C aids in the enzymatic conversion. Guinea

pigs, who like humans cannot manufacture their own Vitamin C, will use up

dietary Vitamin C if fed a high cholesterol diet. “Guinea Pigs fed a diet

free of

ascorbic acid showed a 600% acceleration in cholesterol formation in the

adrenal glands.†The Soviets have published many articles demonstrating these

effects. This might explain why colds and virus flu are more common in the

winter because fresh fruits and vegetables are less available and fat in the

diet

in the winter might use up Vitamin C faster. Gallstones can be made to

develop in guinea pigs when fed a diet rich in cholesterol and low in C.

(In Medical School we were given the mnemonic to aid in the diagnosis of the

gall stone victims: “Fair, fat, and forty.†Susceptibility plus dietary

factors; it makes a lot of sense.)

Dr. Klenner quotes the literature as to the use of Vitamin C in coronary

artery disease in animals as well as humans. Arteriosclerosis develops in

guinea

pigs when fed a high cholesterol diet but develops rapidly in scorbutic

animals even without exogenous cholesterol. Extra C was able to absorb the

plaques. The diet is important, but extra C seems to be critical especially in

those with a family tendency.

“We must protect our hearts from stress. Adequate Vitamin C is one answer.â€

Where did Linus Pauling learn about his need for large doses? Probably from

Dr. Klenner. “Mortality rate for middle-aged people dropped significantly

with increased doses of Vitamin C†[Dr. Klenner was quoting J. Stamler from

Comprehensive Treatment of Essential Hypertensive Diseases. Monograph on

Hypertension, Merck, Sharp and Dohme.] Pauling currently takes 18 grams a day.

He

seems to be doing well at the age of 86 years (July, 1987). [Dr. Pauling lived

to 93 years –ed.]

Cavities: A gram of Vitamin C every day for each year of life (five grams a

day for the five year old) will prevent cavities. Ten grams a day from age

ten years for a lifetime should maintain that advantage.

He quotes Shaw who felt that deposits on the teeth represent a pre-scurvy

condition and that those so afflicted should be taking 2000 mg a day of C

before some nasty virus strikes.

Disc, ruptured intervertebral: will be prevented with the ten-grams-a-day

dose. Adequate amounts seem necessary for disc metabolism and maintenance.

Corneal ulcers: healed with but 1.5 grams of C daily. The pain of a corneal

burn was relieved immediately with twelve grams of C intravenously. The

cornea was normal in 24 hours. [boyd & Campbell]

Diabetes: He noted back in 1951 that the urine in his patients showed a

reducing substance; severe virus infections will allow sugar to spill into the

urine. Vitamin C acts as a reducing agent and it would appear that diabetes has

been induced.

He reported the story of a seven year old diabetic, who developed measles,

and his insulin requirements went from 5 units to more than 90 units a day,

but with one gram of Vitamin C every four hours his infection and elevated

blood sugar came under control. In these diabetic cases, the Vitamin C can be

cut

back to reasonable levels after the infection is under control. Large

prolonged doses of “Vitamin C might prove undesirable due to its dehydrating

and

diuretic powers.â€

He feels that the pathological condition in this case means that adrenaline

was flooding the boy’s system. The regulator of the adrenaline mechanism had

been removed so the constant supply caused a prolonged vascular constriction.

This action on the blood vessels creates asphyxia of the tissues leading to

acidosis. This acidity leads to adrenaline hyperglycemia. “Slight blood sugar

elevation can be controlled with sodium bicarbonate. This vascular

constriction is operative in the pancreas and could restrict the production of

insulin

and pancreatic enzymes.â€

As a matter of fact Dr. Klenner had been studying the effects of ten grams

of C per day orally in patients with diabetes mellitus; 60% were able to

control the condition with diet and C. The other 40% were able to reduce the

insulin dose. Wounds healed more readily. The C assists the liver in its

function

of carbohydrate metabolism.

Glaucoma: Dr. Klenner was disturbed that marijuana was being used for the

reduction of intraocular pressure. â€One would need to be a chain smoker to

maintain worthwhile levels.“ He quotes Bietti who used large C doses;

Virno’s

patients use 35 grams of C (100 mg/kg after meals and bedtime) in divided doses

during the 24 hours and this osmotic dehydration of the eyeball was safe and

effective. “The size of the dose does make a difference—a real

difference.â€

 

Dr. Klenner has found in his investigation of over 300 pregnancies, that the

stress of the condition pushed the needs for C in women up to 15 grams a

day. The human fetus is a parasite draining available C from the mother. We are

all different and our needs for Vitamin C vary depending upon heredity,

environment, stress—or its perception. He reminds us of Roger Williams’

research

in 1968 showing that some guinea pigs needed twenty times more Vitamin C than

others to maintain their health. (The usual dose for pregnant humans: 4

grams daily in the first trimester; 6 grams daily in the second trimester; 8 to

10 grams in the third trimester). He obtained excellent results with these

large doses of C in women who had been habitual aborters. [Greenblatt] One

woman

had had five miscarriages and then with the Vitamin C went on to have two

normal pregnancies. The German literature is full of cases of these good

results. Hemoglobin was easier to maintain, leg cramps were less (Vitamin C

enhances iron and calcium and magnesium absorption). Striae gravidarum (stretch

marks) were seldom encountered. Labour was shorter and less painful. No post

partum hemorrhage. The perineum was more elastic and if Vitamin C was

maintained, it continued to remain firm.

Infants are robust with this Vitamin C. None required resuscitation. 50 mg

of ascorbic acid was begun on the infant’s second day and was gradually

increased as time went on. A set of quadruplets in this series were healthy and

taking milk on the second day. It is especially helpful for the rapidly growing

connective tissue, teeth and blood vessels. [King]

Schizophrenia: Dr. Klenner reminds us of Hoffer and Osmond’s work with

niacin and Vitamin C back in the early 1950’s. Six to 8 grams of C a day made

the

niacin work. One schizophrenic took one gram every hour for 48 hours and was

completely recovered for six months with no further treatment. These

megadoses halved the suicide rate. It has been demonstrated that schizophrenics

burn

up C ten times faster than the normal population. Most people show some

spill of C in the urine at 4 grams per day; schizophrenics have to take ten

times

this amount before it can be detected. Dr. Klenner noticed this spillage in

patients severely affected with a virus only after two to three days of large

doses of C and improvement had begun. (Could schizophrenia be due to a

virus?)

Burns: can be treated with Vitamin C. “30-100 grams of Vitamin C is the

proper amount to employ.†(500 mg per kg of body weight diluted to at least

18 cc

per gram of C using 5% dextrose or saline in water or Ringer’s solution,

repeated every eight hours for several days, then at twelve hour intervals.

Calcium gluconate is added.) “Vitamin C is given until healing takes

place.†It

takes seven to thirty days depending upon the degree of the burn. It may

prevent the need for grafting as it keeps the tissues oxygenated thus

preventing

the blood from sludging. [Kniseley] On the fourth to fifth day the malodorous

burn eschars will fall off leaving normal tissue. Vitamin C also eliminates

pain; opiates are less necessary. (It stimulates endorphin production in the

brain.)

In an article he published in the ICAN Journal (there is no date, but it

was probably published in 1973 or 74) he states that Vitamin C is truly a

miracle substance. He believed that large doses of intravenous Vitamin C early

in

the post-burn phase would eliminate the third degree burn with its infection

and scarring. Blood sludging seems to be the basic villain that leads to

rigid masses of eschar. [berkeley] Oxygen is cut off. Tissue destruction is

added

to already burn-damaged skin. Vitamin C levels in the blood and urine drop.

[Lund & Levenson; Lam] Vitamin C is necessary for granulation tissue and skin

formation. [bergman] Three percent ascorbic acid solution is used as a spray

every two to four hours for five days. [Klasson]

Pseudomonas: (a nasty bacteria, often seen in burn patients; very resistant

to antibiotics): three percent spray plus massive injections.

Heat stroke: 500 mg per kg of body weight will reverse it.

Sunburn: One gram taken every one to two hours during exposure will prevent

sunburn; an I.V. injection will quickly relieve the pain and erythema. Even

second-degree burns will be healed.

Prickly heat, heat stroke, heat collapse can all be treated; the latter

needs twelve to forty grams intravenously. Electric shock patients must be

given

Vitamin C immediately after the accident—including lightning victims.

Vitamin C will control the side effects of radiation including radiation

burns. “Who can say what 100 to 300 grams given intravenously daily for

several

months might accomplish in cancer? The potential is so great and the

employment so elementary that only the illiterate will continue to deny its

use.â€

Vitamin C inhibits the deaminizing enzymes from the damaged cells (due to

burns, injury, infections). Histamine is produced by these enzymes. The shock

is controlled. [Chambers & Pollock; Clark & Rossiter]

Surgery: Way back in 1960 and again in 1966, Dr. Klenner delivered papers

before the Tri-State Medical Society calling attention to the “scurvy

levelsâ€

of C in post-operative patients. The levels began to fall six hours after

surgery and by 24 hours the levels were 3/4 lower than pre-op. Tensile strength

o

f healing wounds is lowered if the plasma drops to scurvy levels. The lower

the C levels the poorer the wound heals. [bartlett, Lanman) Even as little a

dose as 500 mg of C orally “was remarkable successful in preventing shock and

weakness,†following dental extraction, he quotes Schumacher.

He remembers a surgery case in 1949 when he assisted a surgeon in a

potentially hopeless case. Extensive adhesions of the viscera defied

separation. The

surgeon repaired twenty tears and closed the abdomen. She should not have

survived. The patient was given two grams of C every two hours intravenously

for

48 hours and then four grams per day. In a day and a half she was up walking

and in a week discharged home with normal bowels and no pain.

30 grams should be given intravenously daily—post-operatively, until food

and pills are tolerated orally.

Dr. Klenner used 10 grams preoperatively intravenously and ten grams in each

post-operative bottle and then ten grams orally when eating was resumed.

Surgical wounds rarely separated with this method. Fractures healed faster.

(Some surgeons will give ten grams of Vitamin C at the end of the operation,

and

the patient is awake and alert in 60 seconds. No need for the nausea and

vomiting in the recovery room.)

 

__

 

Toxins & Heavy Metals

Heavy Metal Poisonings: Especially lead and mercury—are controlled with

Vitamin C injections and oral intake. An intake of Vitamin C daily will protect

animals—and by extrapolation, humans—from fatal doses of mercury. If a

guinea pig needed 200 mg one day to protect it from an otherwise fatal dose of

mercury, the human would need 14 grams daily. Smaller doses would be able to

protect the body from smaller amounts of the toxin.

Lead poisoning: 350 mg of Vitamin C per one kg of body weight taken

intramuscularly every two to four hours; recovery in less than 72 hours.

Dr. Klenner found that the amount of C used “in any case is the all

important factor. In 28 years of research we have observed that 30 grams each

day is

critical in terms of response†regardless of age and weight. (Barbiturate

intoxication, snake bite and viral encephalitis may require larger doses in

some

individuals.)

Carbon monoxide (CO): poisoning is on the rise due to smoking and city

living. CO interferes with oxygenation of tissues as it ties up hemoglobin.

(The

affinity of CO for hemoglobin is 300 times that of oxygen.) It would be

especially dangerous in hearts already compromised by diseased coronary

vessels;

those vessels cannot dilate in times of extra need, e.g., CO poisoning.

Smokers, and by inference, anyone exposed to CO or pollution should be taking

extra

Vitamin C. He points to the report [Pelletier] that shows when smokers quit,

their “ascorbic level approaches that of the non-smoker.†In acute CO

poisoning: if 12 to 50 grams of Vitamin C is injected rapidly into the blood

stream, it acts as an oxidizer and will “pull CO from hemoglobin to form

carbon

dioxide†which is easily exhaled. A burn victim should immediately receive a

dose of 500 mg of C per kg of body weight intravenously. It will “neutralize

the CO or smoke poisoning while at the same time it will prevent blood sludging

which in the major factor in the development of third degree burns.â€

An accidental carbon monoxide poisoning was reversed in ten minutes with 12

grams of ascorbic acid in a 50 cc syringe using a twenty gauge needle. (â€We

employ a twenty-gauge needle when using a 50 cc syringe; a twenty-one gauge

for a thirty-cc syringe, a twenty-two gauge for a twenty cc syringe and a

twenty-three gauge needle for a ten cc syringe“).

Two boys were sprayed with pesticide; one received Vitamin C (10 grams)

every eight hours and went home on the second day. The other boy only fluids;

his skin showed a bad chemical burn; he died on the fifth day.

Vitamin C will reverse the shock and low blood pressure from barbiturates,

muscarine, and formic acid. One suicidal patient ingested 2640 mg of

barbiturate. Twelve grams was administered using a 50 cc syringe. In ten minutes

the

blood pressure rose from 60/0 to 100/60. 100 grams was given in the vein for

three hours at which time the patient was awake. The use of large doses of C

should be routine in these cases of chemical shock. “The needle used to give a

syringeful of C was attached to a bottle of 5% dextrose in water with 50

grams of ascorbic acid. She received 125 grams of C. C not only assists with

hepatic metabolism but also as a major diuretic, flushing these compounds out

by

way of the kidneys. Oxygen by nasal tube ran constantly.â€

Another patient had taken 2400 mg of Seconal plus para-aldehyde. She was

awake after 42 grams of C was administered. The C was injected as fast as a

twenty-gauge needle could carry the flow. Consequent doses of 75 grams

intravenously and thirty grams of C taken orally over a period of 24 hours

saved her

life.

 

__

 

Bites, Toxins, Allergies

In another Tri-State Medical Journal of December, 1957, he outlined the

physiology and treatment of Black Widow Spider poisoning in a case history.

Some

of those bitten are not affected at all because the spider was out of poison,

but some can be devastated and may die, partly because of poor resistance

but also due to the quantity injected.

It can be confused with pancreatitis, renal colic, food poisoning, tetanus,

angina, bowel obstruction, pneumonia, and perforated ulcer. The abdominal

wall muscles become rigid, the victims have cold sweat, their temperature and

blood pressure shoot up, they vomit, have muscle twitches and spasms, cyanosis,

chills, convulsions and delirium. The painful muscle spasms occur within

minutes of the original bite. The cramps occur in all the large muscles of the

body; the victims roll and toss and moan in agony.

Until someone used calcium gluconate, there were 90 ineffective treatments.

An anti-venom is on the market, but severe reactions and even death have been

attributed to its use.

The treatment Dr. Klenner suggests is his friend, Vitamin C, 350 mg per kg

of body weight intravenously along with calcium gluconate.

His three and a half year old patient had been getting worse for 24 hours

with abdominal cramps which the parents assumed were due to food poisoning. She

became quieter, feverish, constipated and her abdomen was exquisitely

tender. She was becoming stuporous.

Dr Klenner noted the red, swollen area around her naval, and two tiny spots

about one eighth of an inch apart were noted in the middle: the fang marks of

a Black Widow Spider. He gave one gram of calcium gluconate and 4 grams of

Vitamin C intravenously. In 6 hours she was more responsive, and her

temperature had dropped from 103 degrees to 101 degrees and she was given

another

four grams I.V.

In another six hours, her temperature was but 100 degrees, and she could

swallow fluids. The next day she was active, and 50% of the discoloration had

disappeared. She received another 4 grams of C intravenously and 3 grams

intramuscularly. At home she swallowed one gram of C every three to four hours.

An

enema produced a bloody return. When she recovered, she remembered brushing “

a big black bug off her stomach,†before she took ill.

Dr. Klenner had treated eight cases of Black Widow Spider bites. “It is

criminal to give these patients an opiate to relieve their pain, for in so

doing

you might add to their distress and actually precipitate a fatality.â€

“Some ascorbic acid behaves much like calcium in the body, and also acts

synergistically with it, we elected to observe its action.†The child was

destined to die. “Some physicians would stand by and see their patient die

rather

than use ascorbic acid because in their finite minds it exists only as a

vitamin.â€

Dr. Klenner was very confident about the benefits of intravenous Vitamin C

to treat the poisonous effects of insects and reptiles,. He felt all emergency

rooms should be adequately stocked. He used sodium ascorbate, 7.5 grams in

30 ml. The syringes are 5 to 60 cc. The needles are 20 gauge (big), one inch

long to 31 gauge (I have trouble believing this) one inch long. I get

“miracle

like responses.â€

Case 1: An eighteen-year-old female was treated just twenty minutes after a

hornet bite. She was covered with hives and had shortness of breath and

difficulty swallowing. In minutes after twelve grams of sodium ascorbate

intravenously were pushed in with a 50 cc syringe her allergic symptoms were

gone.

Dr. Klenner took ten grams of C dissolved in water orally and again in

fifteen minutes to counteract the stings of fifteen yellow jackets. No

symptoms.

Snakebite: He reported on a four-year-old girl bitten by a Highland

Moccasin. She had severe pain in her leg and was vomiting within twenty minutes

after

the bite. Dr. Klenner gave four grams of C intravenously and within half an

hour she had stopped crying and could now drink orangeade and began to laugh.

“I’m all right now.†She slept well all night, but because of a slight

fever and tenderness, Dr. Klenner gave her another four grams intravenously and

again that late afternoon. No antibiotics and no anti-serum were necessary.

Dr. Klenner had worked the schedule out on dogs and published it in hunting

and fishing magazines. He has had many testimonials from satisfied doctors.

“All the venom that will be encountered exists as you see the patient. It is

important to give sufficient sodium ascorbate to neutralize the bite. The

more you give; the faster will be the cure. We now routinely give 10 to 15

grams sodium ascorbate depending on the weight of the victim. Then as much of

the

drug as can be tolerated by mouth is given, usually 5 grams, every four

hours.â€

Usually without the use of Vitamin C patients are stuck in the hospital

requiring hot packs, antibiotics, anti-serum and nursing care. Many end up with

much scarring.

He recited the case of a man who was treated at another emergency room. The

doctor tried to cut out the local bite area.

When Dr. Klenner saw him it was badly infected and the temperature was 104°.

Fifteen grams of C intravenously twice daily, 5 grams of C orally every four

hours. Penicillin injected for the infection. He was back to work in seven

days.

“Sodium ascorbate will cure any type of snake bite.†The amounts and the

speed of injection are critical. Forty to 60 grams intravenously as a starter.

Klenner cites the 6500 deaths a year from snake bites, but many more from

insects, bees, spider, plants and some caterpillars. They produce formic acid,

histamine and specific toxin albumins. Some are neurotoxins; some cause

capillary damage and hemorrhage. When cells are damaged proteins are

deaminized,

producing histamine and other toxic products; shock may occur. These

deaminizing enzymes from the damaged cells are inhibited by Vitamin C. The pH

of cells

changes when cells are damaged; enzymes become destructive instead of

constructive. C reverses this. Vitamin C is reduced in the serum of those in

shock.

350-700 mg per kg body weight is the saving intravenous dose. In children up

to two grams can be given in each of several areas (a twenty kg five year old

could get two grams in each of four sites. Ice before and after the

injection would control the pain).

He reports a case of a bite by a Puss caterpillar. The patient was going

into shock with asphyxia and cyanosis. Dr Klenner whipped out his trusty

syringe, filled it with 12 grams of C, squirted it into the man’s veins and

before

he was done, the patient was improved enough to exclaim, “Thank God.†And

thank Dr. Klenner for figuring out what to do; the man would have died from

shock if it had not been for the rapid infusion of C. Again, Dr. Klenner’s

maxim

adds weight: Give the C while pondering the diagnosis.

Mosquito bites: eleven grams of C per day and 200 to 400 mg of B complex

daily, both by mouth.

Poison Oak or Ivy: oral Vitamin C plus a paste of C powder will control the

contact allergy in 24 hours.

 

__

 

Multiple Sclerosis & Myasthenia Gravis

Dr. Klenner also turned his attention to other nervous system diseases. In a

paper entitled, “Response of Peripheral and Central Nerve Pathology to

Mega-doses of the Vitamin B complex and other Metabolites,†he focuses on

Multiple

Sclerosis and Myasthenia Gravis. (Journal of Applied Nutrition, Vol. 25,

#304, 1973).

He felt fatigue was the key to the understanding of the nervous system and

its physiology. Substances are consumed for the production of energy in the

muscles. Products of this process accumulate in the tissue. Some diseases will

prevent this use of available energy. The junction between neuron and neuron

and the connection between motor nerves and the fibers of skeletal muscle are

the two locations for normal fatigue.

Plants will wilt if fatigued; improper atmosphere and inadequate soil are

responsible. Animals and humans need food, oxygen and faith to stay alive and

healthy. He felt a sharecropper working in fresh open air would be less

fatigued than a factory worker. Oxygen supply has much to do with fatigue.

If a muscle is repeatedly stimulated, it will become so exhausted it will

fail to respond. Either the glycogen is used up, or the lactic acid has

accumulated to a poisonous level.

(At this point he describes the aerobic and anaerobic metabolism of muscles.

Phospho-creatine, adenosine triphosphate, calcium, magnesium and stored

glycogen are all necessary for muscle function. Oxygen and small amounts of

protein play a part in muscle contraction. Acetylcholine and its esterase are

essential; too much or too little of any of these substances may prevent or

slow

down muscle action.)

Myasthenia Gravis is a disease in which too much pyruvic acid, due to faulty

metabolism, affects the interaction of acetylcholine at the junction of the

nerve and the muscle. He felt at that time that Multiple Sclerosis was due to

“sluggish and bizarre muscle activity due to the inability to utilize

essential factors because of mechanical and chemical road blocks.â€

He felt chemical fatigue was common. Body lassitude is the result of

ingestion of sedatives, hypnotics, tranquilizers and even sodium bicarbonate.

The

latter can displace oxygen from hemoglobin, cutting down oxygenation of

tissues. But Vitamin C will prevent this type of energy loss. Smoking

aggravates

this fatigue.

A person’s muscle exhaustion point is determined by his oxygen absorbing and

carbon dioxide discharging ability. At rest we use 200 to 300 cc of oxygen

per minute. With sudden exertion this will rise to 2000 to 4000 cc. The more

oxygen absorbed, the more lactic acid will be removed. Efficient use of oxygen

is the key to adequate energy production and removal of wastes.

He described mental fatigue, active and passive. Passive is neurasthenia or

brain fog: sensations of pressure in the head, poor memory, loss of ability

to concentrate, irritability of temper, insomnia, anorexia and a variety of

aches and pains.

Active mental fatigue is caused by continuous work, and this change is due

to the sensory-motor exhaustion and not the mental work per se. The primary

area of fatigue is at the synapses which beg only diversion of interest and

activity.

Adequate oxygen is assured if the lungs and hemoglobin are normal, but also

by taking 10 to 30 grams of ascorbic acid by mouth every 24 hours. Oxygen is

released for tissue use when ascorbic acid becomes dehydroascorbic acid.

Enzymes are necessary to make all these reactions possible. Genetic faults

manifest themselves through enzymatic deficiencies.

He outlines the nineteen stops from glucose to pyruvic acid which provides

energy. This energy release depends upon oxygen and, Dr. Klenner emphasized,

it is important to maintain good ventilation capacity, and, of course, a

substantial intake of Vitamin C.

He felt pyruvic acid metabolism was important for the understanding of

Myasthenia Gravis. Coenzyme A (COA, the active form of pantothenic acid) is in

limited supply in M.G. It, COA, intercepts pyruvic acid at the end point of

glucose metabolism. Another enzyme, cocarboxylase, splits the carboxyl group

(COOH) away from pyruvic acid to form CO2 and free hydrogen. The remaining

two-carbon fragment (acetate) join with coenzyme A to form acetyl coenzyme A. A

high-energy package named NADH2 is formed from the carboxyl group from pyruvic

acid and a sulfur group from coenzyme A.

Thiamin is important in all this energy production as two molecules of

thiamin combined with two molecules of phosphoric acid become cocarboxylase.

This

enzyme must be present for the continuance of the metabolic cycle. When

thiamin is deficient, pyruvates and lactate accumulate, and at the

neuromuscular

junction the nerve end plate becomes swollen and poorly operative. That same

enzyme is necessary for the syntheses of acetylcholine, the neurotransmitter

that initiates muscle contraction. “Thiamin deficiency inhibits lactic acid

metabolism.†A thiamin deficiency means a cocarboxylase deficiency. Liver

enzymes are mainly responsible for the phosphorylation of thiamin to

cocarboxylase. Liver disease would obviously reduce this synthesis. “The

activity of

choline esterase (breaks down acetylcholine) is inhibited by this same double

thiamin unit.†(See also p. 20.)

In the conversion of fatty acids to energy some of the same enzymes are

necessary: coenzyme A, hydrogen carriers (niacin-adenosine-dinucleotide) and

Vitamin C. The latter acts as a hydrogen transport.

He puts Myasthenia Gravis and Multiple Sclerosis in the same therapeutic

group as he found thiamin was the key to the therapy. M.G. is a genetically

transmitted disease and M.S. is triggered by a virus and mimics poliomyelitis.

Nerve damage in M.S. is due to microscopic hemorrhages in the nervous system.

During healing, scar tissue contracts clamping off capillary flow and

nutrition. This wasting results in loss of the myelin sheath protection.

He felt that remyelinating these damaged nerves was every bit as hopeful as

the myelination that occurs normally in infancy with nothing more spectacular

than breast milk. It requires two years of treatment to repair the damage

caused by one year of the disease.

He cites works in the late 1930s by Stern at Columbia University who used

thiamin intraspinally for the treatment of Multiple Sclerosis with astonishing

results. After 30 mg of thiamin was injected into the spinal canal of

paralyzed MS. victims, they had a temporary remission. They could walk for a

while.

And Stern felt it was a B1 a vitaminosis. It was known at that time that

polyneuritis can cause degeneration of myelin sheaths.

Dr. Klenner felt that both M.G. and M.S. were basically a disturbance of

supply and demand and not a functional defect nor impaired diffusion. He

followed the belief of Dr. Leon Rosenberg (Yale) who distinguishes between

vitamin

deficiency diseases and vitamin dependency diseases. Some diseases would

require 1000 times the calculated minimal daily requirement. Another

investigator

[Moore] used high intravenous doses of nicotinic acid (B3) in the control of

M.S.

Dr. Klenner’s protocol for M.G. and M.S. in the 1950’s:

1. Thiamin, (B1), orally: 300 to 500 mg 30 minutes before meals and at

bedtime. Intramuscularly: 400 mg daily. Intravenously: 1000 mg (or 20 mg per

kg body weight) two to three times a week. A 20 cc to 30 cc syringe with a one

inch 22 gauge (or smaller) needle is used. The patient is to be supine and

the pulse counted as the solution is injected. If the pulse rises, the

solution is being injected too rapidly. Thiamin can be toxic but as soon as it

is

phosphorylated (in seconds) it becomes cocarboxylase, a necessary enzyme.

Benadryl® intramuscularly stops any allergic reaction. Dr. Klenner reassures

us

that if injected slowly, no problem is encountered. The preservatives are more

likely to cause reactions than the thiamin.

2. Niacin or nicotinic acid, (B3), orally: 100 mg to 3000 mg thirty

minutes before meals and at bedtime. The dose should be enough to produce a

strong body flush. As it dilates the blood vessels—“even those that have

been

compressed by scar tissueâ€â€”a greater amount of the nutrients reach the

muscle

and nerve cells. Dr. Klenner felt it would be better to have a constant

flush.

3. Pyridoxine, (B6), orally: 100 to 200 mg before meals and at bedtime.

Intramuscularly: 100 mg daily. Lack of B6 causes anemia and neurological

lesions. Intravenously: 300 mg. It is necessary for the metabolism of fatty and

amino acids.

4. Cobalamin, (B12), intramuscularly: 1000 mcg three times a week. B12

is a factor in the synthesis of myelin. In the treatment of neurological

diseases, B12 reduces the requirement of choline.

5. Ascorbic acid, orally: 10 to 20 grams are to be taken daily in

divided doses. Vitamin C will prevent a superimposed infection and aids in

metabolism.

6. Riboflavin, (B2), orally: 25 mg before meals and at bedtime.

Intramuscularly: 40 to 80 mg daily. It is essential for metabolism of

carbohydrates

and in the regulatory function of the hormones involved in carbohydrate

metabolism.

7. d-alpha tocopherol acetate, (Vitamin E), orally: 800 Units before

meals and at bedtime. A deficiency results in demyelinization and distortion of

the spinal cord nerves.

8. Crude Liver, daily injections. It contains factors still unknown but

essential in metabolism. (Not manufactured now.)

9. Adenosine-5-monophosphoric acid. By adding this, all the chemistry

dealing with cell metabolism is enhanced. It is essential to muscle function

and, thus, energy.

10. Choline, orally: 700 to 1400 mg after each meal

and at bedtime. It is in fat and nerve tissue. Acetylcholine plays an

important role in humoral transmission of nerve impulses to effector organs

like

muscles.

11. Lecithin, orally: 1200 mg of soybean lecithin

after each meal. Lecithin contains choline. It plays an important part in the

structure of cell membranes. It is the lipid used in nerve tissue.

12. Magnesium, orally: 300 mg after each meal. Muscle

activity requires magnesium. It also serves as an enzyme activator.

13. Calcium gluconate, orally: ten-grain tablets.

Two tablets after each meal and bedtime. Intravenously: one gram twice weekly.

Helps muscle activity.

14. Calcium pantothenate, orally: 500 mg after each

meal and at bedtime. This is a coenzyme A. It participates in the acetylation

of amines and metabolism of carbohydrates and fatty acids.

15. Aminoacetic acid, (Glycine), orally: one heaping

tablespoon of the powder in a glass of milk four times a day. It is

concerned with the syntheses of glutathione which is involved with

intracellular

oxidation and reduction. It stimulates the combustion of other tissue

constituents. It has an adaptability in the detoxification process.

16. The hemoglobin should be kept to at least

thirteen grams.

17. The diet is to be high protein, including two to

three eggs for breakfast.

18. One Theragran-M capsule daily for trace

minerals.

19. Dantrium to relieve tremors. Sysmmetrol to

relieve stiffness.

20. Zinc gluconate, orally: 20 mg three times a day

helps Myasthenia Gravis.

This treatment works dramatically in M.G. An abbreviated schedule can be

effective. One gram thiamin four times a day, niacin, enough to produce a flush

four times a day, 200 mg calcium pantothenate four times a day, 100 mg

pyridoxine four times a day, 10 grams of C in divided doses, glycine one tablet

four times a day. This treatment is effective, but the full therapy will afford

more dramatic response.

Dr. Klenner felt that most cases (80%) of Multiple Sclerosis had their

origin in an illness—probably a coxsackie virus—compatible with a summer

“fluâ€.

He mentioned other theories of the etiology of M.S., but was convinced that

the scar tissue that forms around the nerves and produces the symptoms “is

the

end result of microscopic hemorrhages following virus invasion.â€

He believed that in M.G. the thymus gland was hyperplastic in many cases,

and that muscle antibodies might account for others, but the importance of the

excessive pyruvates at the neuromuscular junction has to be recognized as the

basic cause of the hypotonia.

Here followed a number of a case histories of neurological diseases. One

case of M.S. was of a male confined to a wheel chair in the hospital for two

years. After a month of the treatment listed above his physician realized the

improvement and sent him home. In three years he was free from the disease and

remained so as he continued in a modified treatment.

One M.G. case was of a male receiving prostigmine to which he was becoming

unresponsive; thiamin was given intramuscularly along with other B vitamins

three times a day. He was off the prostigmine in a year. He lived a normal life

for eighteen years. He died of an unrelated cerebral accident.

A woman with polyneuritis began her illness with pain, burning and jerking

of her legs accompanied by a high fever for ten days. Paralysis on left side

plus weakness of the hands. She received oral and intramuscular injections. In

several months intravenous vitamins were begun. In sixteen months she began

to move her right leg. In five years from the beginning of the illness she

began to get around with knee braces and a walker. In one more year she was

able to move about without a back brace. Dr. Klenner felt if she had had 200

grams of ascorbic acid early, she would not have had the paralysis. She was

also

given 300 mg ribonucleic acid four times a week.

Another woman developed weakness in her extremities and was diagnosed as

M.S. superimposed by a viral encephalitis. She was sent home with a wheelchair

and was expected to die. She fully recovered on Dr. Klenner’s protocol and

continued to take her supplements.

A male, aged 28, developed numbness and loss of muscle control from the

waist down about two years before he came to Dr. Klenner’s treatment. He also

had

loss of bladder control. Dr. Klenner felt he had M.S. and put him on the

above treatment. He was so much better in five weeks that he stopped treatment

but the symptoms returned in three weeks, so he went back on the full

treatment. Within a year he was back to full employment and able to follow his

hobby

as a crack pistol shooter.

A white 57 year old female began to be fatigued seven years before coming to

Dr. Klenner. She had normal function after a night’s sleep but had drooping

eyelids and could not chew food after a few bites. Some doctors had called it

psychosomatic. But it was quite obvious to Dr. Klenner that she had M.G.

After 1000 mg of thiamin and 300 mg of pyridoxine administered intravenously in

ten-minute intervals, she was able to chew and make facial movements for the

first time in three years. She has no symptoms as long as she continues the

Klenner program.

He was quite definite: “Any victim of Multiple Sclerosis who will

dramatically flush with the use of nicotinic acid and has not yet progressed to

the

stage of myelin degeneration, as witnessed by sustained ankle clonus, can be

cured with the adequate employment of thiamin, B complex proteins, lipids,

carbohydrates and injectable crude liver.†“We had patients in wheel chairs

who

returned to normal activities after five to eight years of treatment.†He

also

noted that if M.S. patients had a course of ACTH or cortisone, it extended

the recovery period.

He noted the peripheral neuritis that is due to thiamin deficiency is common

in chronic alcoholism.

“The treatment of M.G. is that of any pathology dealing with the

interruption of the normal physiology of nerve cells.†He had found that

after

successfully treating poliomyelitis victims with Vitamin C, he had to follow up

with B

vitamins for the nerve repair. He found the same results when treating

damage to the spinal cord, whether trauma or viral infection. B1 restores the

ability of the nervous system to handle pyruvic acid and dextrose properly.

Cocarboxylase may be the “food required for nerve life.â€

Since M.G. does not suffer the loss of myelin sheaths in vital areas, it

does not have to be treated as rigorously as M.S. But the chemistry is more

complex because muscles are involved. 900 different enzymes have been

identified;

therefore vitamin therapy must be intense. Of course, good liver function is

necessary for good results. Dr. Klenner stumbled on a liver test: a test

tube is filled with a morning urine specimen. In 24 hours there is usually a

gelatinous mass accumulation at the bottom; the more the amount, the more the

stress to the liver. Choline will prevent this from appearing. These are

phosphates.

In an article, “Fatigue—Normal and Pathologicalâ€, [southern Medicine and

Surgery, Volume III, #9, Sept. 1949], he had already had success with the

vitamin treatment of MS. and M.G. Dr. Klenner felt that fatigue is a warning

signpost along the road of infectious disease. Heavy muscular exercise throws a

great burden on the defensive mechanisms. The tissue of the adrenal cortex of

rats is increased in weight after repeated periods of exercise.

He pointed out the importance of oxygen in the etiology of fatigue. If the

air that is inhaled has but 0.1 percent of carbon monoxide, half the

hemoglobin will be bound to the CO and unavailable for carrying oxygen to the

tissues.

Poorly oxygenated blood can come from drugs, analgesics, and even sodium

bicarbonate. A deficiency of B1 will reduce tissue (which breaks down

acetylcholine needed at the nerve ending to activate the muscle). Shots of it

are to

be given daily from one to three weeks and then a 15 mg tablet orally every

six hours.

B1, 100 mg intramuscularly three times a day are given along with oral

glycine. The other members of the B complex were added.

“Avitaminotic nerve fibers have a hunger for this vitamin (B1), and it is

easy to know when the optimum return of function is obtained. When the nerve

structure has been repaired, the patient will become irritable, the appetite

will be lost and he or she will experience a sensation of heaviness and

stiffness of the muscles of the extremities. Sufficient Vitamin C is then given

by

mouth to maintain optimum therapeutics.â€

As to M.S. the diagnosis is determined by the “evidence of lesions affecting

chiefly the white matter, scattered in time and space: palsy of one of the

oculomotor nerves, nystagmus, slight ataxia of arms, absence of abdominal

reflexes and other scattered neurological anomalies (such as poor bladder

control

and patchy sensory changes).

Subtle forms of encephalitis might cause changes in the nervous system

preventing a normal supply of Vitamin B1 from reaching distal parts of the

nervous

system. He noted the increased incidence of M.S. after the encephalitis

epidemic of 1920-26 and in 1934. Also unrecognized cases of poliomyelitis may

be

an important factor in the cause of avitaminotic symptoms in the central

nervous system. This could happen in these disease conditions even with

sufficient B1 in the diet; the vitamin is not diffused properly. Initially it

is the

virus and when that dies down, it is scar tissue blocking the circulation.

The capillaries must be opened and extra B1 must be supplied with the protocol

cited above.

In a letter to the editor of the Tri-State Medical Journal, Oct. 1954, he

boldly stated that he was curing Myasthenia Gravis. He seemed more definite

about the biochemistry: pyruvic acid, if allowed to accumulate, will produce a

cloudy swelling of the distal portion of nerves, and that the primary

biochemical fault in B1 deficiency is the failure of the organism to metabolize

pyruvic acid. Also he realized that creatine (needed for normal muscle

function)

is formed by the body when choline and urea combine. Choline is in short

supply in M.G. unless supplemented orally. He felt glycine should be

supplemented

in the diet because it yields urea. Protein is needed in the diet to sustain

muscle wear and tear. Tyrosine is needed to help turn ingested protein into

usable amino acids and Vitamin C is essential in this reaction.

This leads us to paper he put together in 1980. It was not published: “

Multiple Sclerosis Diagnosis and Treatment Suggestions.â€

He again stated the origin was due to a childhood virus of the coxsackie

group mimicking red measles. The initial illness was a severe lung infection,

or

encephalitis which subsided only to recur as M.S. twenty to thirty years

later. 70% of cases have the onset of their M.S. symptoms from the age of 20-40

years.

40% will have optic neuritis as the initial symptom, then optic atrophy may

follow. Most will notice double vision early. Weakness, loss of reflexes,

numbness in fingers, dizziness, loss of position sense, feeling heat over

spine,

rheumatoid arthritis may occur concurrently (shortage of B vitamins),

intention tremor, poor bladder control, and spastic paraplegia.

His treatment suggestion for M.S. at this time (1980) consisted of:

1. Thiamin HCl (Vitamin B1) one gram (1000 mg) taken thirty minutes

before meals and at bedtime.

2. Nicotinic Acid (Niacin; Vitamin B3) 50 mg to 300 mg, depending on

flushing of skin, thirty minutes before meals and bed time.

3. Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) 250 mg after meals and bedtime.

4. Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6) 100 mg after meals and bedtime.

5. Calcium pantothenate (pantothenate acid/Vitamin B5) one gram after

meals and bedtime.

6. Lecithin. 1200 mg (19 grains) one capsule after meals and at bedtime

with two percent milk.

7. Vitamin A (palmitate) one 50,000-unit capsule after breakfast and

supper.

8. Vitamin E (d-alpha tocopheryl acetate) 400 I. units. Four capsules at

bedtime.

9. Niacinamide (Vitamin B3 amide) 500 mg. tablets. One after meals.

10. Magnesium oxide 300 mg tablet. One tablet after

meals and before bedtime.

11. Trinsicon or Feosol. One capsule twice daily or

sufficient to maintain a hemoglobin of at least thirteen grams.

12. Folic acid. Two milligrams after each meal. Only

recommended when the hemoglobin will not respond to iron treatment.

13. Sunflower seed oil capsules. One capsule after

meals and bed time.

14. Lipotriad. Three capsules yields 700 mg of

choline. Two capsules after each meal. It is used as a methylating agent.

15. Calcium gluconate, 10 grain tablets. Twelve

tablets daily. May be omitted if patient can drink a quart of milk a day.

16. Linseed oil capsules. One capsule after meals and

at bedtime. Contains linolenic, oleic and linoleic acids.

17. Muscle relaxants. Prescribed according to patient

needs.

18. Calcium Orotate (Vitamin B13) 500 mg tablet. One

after meals and at bed time.

19. Calcium pangamate, 50 mg tablet. One tablet twice

daily.

20. Protein supplement containing eighteen amino

acids. One ounce in a glass of milk four times a day. Some of the above can be

taken with this drink.

[This list was originally numbered 1) to 22), with 11) and 12) missing –

ed.]

Intramuscular injection, given five to seven days each week.:

1. 2 cc crude liver daily. (Hard to get now. I can’t find it.)

2. 2cc Thiamin HCl, (B1), 400 mg daily.

3. 1.5-2cc Pyridoxine, (B6), 150 mg daily. Add to B12.

4. 1.5-2cc Cyariocobalamin, (B12), 1500 mcg daily. Add to B6.

5. 1.5-2cc Riboflavin, (B2), 75 mg daily. Add to B3 amide.

6. 1.5-2cc Niacinamide, (B3), 150 mg daily. Add to B2.

Some of the above vitamins are given one to three times each week:

Thiamin HCl, 1000 mg; Pyridoxine, 300 mg; Niacinamide, 500 mg; dilute these

to 20 cc with saline solution or best, sodium ascorbate (250 mg/cc). Give

slowly with a 23 gauge needle, one inch long. Pulse is taken during the

injection; if the pulse rises, the injection speed is slowed.

He found that RNA and DNA tablets, 100 mg of each, were helpful to some

patients; one to three of each daily along with the other vitamins. Inositol,

500

mg, one to three times a day may help.

Because of the large number of pills and capsules to be taken daily, Dr.

Klenner suggested they be put into a blender along with a protein powder, milk,

vanilla, and carob to make a tasty drink. They all might go down more

easily.

He cited some cases:

1. Female developed weakness in extremities in 1961 (refer to page 48).

She was sent home to deteriorate. Dr. Klenner began his program, and she is

now cured and has been leading an active life for over 21 years. “The central

nervous system can be regenerated, but it does require time. Ten years was

given to the restitution of her entire nervous pathways.†She is “full of

vim,

vigour, and vitality.â€

2. Another woman had complete paralysis of both legs and left arm. She

required a steel brace from hips to neck. After two years of this she was

taken to Dr. Klenner and started on the above therapy. In sixteen months she

could move her right leg and left arm. In three years she began to move her

left

foot and button her blouse. In nine years she could stand unaided. A modem

day miracle, “Enzyme, co-enzyme, and metabolite theory is the correct

approach

to the rehabilitation of the central system.â€

3. In 1918 a male was diagnosed as M.S. because of blurred vision,

numbness, and low back pain. In four months Dr. Klenner began his program and

in

six months the man was back driving the fire truck. He continued to improve

and cut firewood during off hours. Early M.S. cases will respond quickly.

4. Another female with dizziness, poor vision, lateral, and rotatory

nystagmus (dancing eyeballs). The nausea was so profound; she could not swallow

the oral vitamins. But after one year of the vitamin injections she could do

the oral route. From not being able to read a billboard, she can now read

large type books. The nystagmus is gone, but she needs a cane to ambulate.

 

__

 

Complications

Dr. Klenner reports on a few minor complications. Some diarrhea might have

been due to sodium bisulfite. Induration after intramuscular injections was

found to be due to the Vitamin C not being injected deeply enough into the

muscle. (One had to be drained—a sterile abscess.) If the concentration was

one

gram to 5 cc it caused a vein spasm up the arm from the injection site in

three cases. A thrombosis of the vein occurred in but one case. A minor face

rash

developed in a few that cleared after the C was stopped.

Calcium seemed to enhance the effects of the C when both were give

simultaneously. But a gram of just the calcium given intravenously can slow the

heart

rate to a dangerous degree.

 

__

 

Safety

He has some reassuring words for those who feel kidney stones are an

automatic result of large doses of Vitamin C. He says in all cases a stasis of

urine

flow “and a concentrated urine appear to be the chief physiological

factors.â€

Oxalic acid precipitates out of solution only from a neutral or alkaline

solution—pH 7 to pH 10. Urine pH in those consuming ten grams of Vitamin C

daily is about 6. Even in diabetics who take this large amount of C (10 grams),

the urinary oxalate excretion remains relatively unchanged. “Vitamin C is an

excellent diuretic. No urinary stasis; no urine concentration. The ascorbic

acid/kidney stone story is a myth.†One more bon mot: “Methylene will

dissolve

calcium oxalate stones, if the patient is given 65 mg orally two to three

times a day,†he learned from Medical World News (Smith, M.J.V., M.D.: Dec.

4,

1970).

(90% of all stones are calcium stones. Calcium is soluble in acid media.

Vitamin C acidifies the urine. Acid urine discourages the growth of bacteria.

Although uric acid stones are theoretically possible with high doses of C and

a low urinary pH, none have been reported.)

A report in N.E.J.M. on 11 Feb, 1971 [Merton Lamden] suggested that large

doses of C might cause diabetes in humans. The experiment was done in rats, but

the dose translation in humans would have amounted to 5000 grams! [Paterson]

Maybe there is a toxic dose. (Dr. Klenner at the time of that writing had

been on 10 to 20 grams of C daily for eighteen years. No diabetes, and no

kidney stones). This study has no relationship to the use of therapeutic doses

of

C.

Lamden found that an ingestion of 9 grams of C/day resulted in oxalate

spills of 68 mg. in the urine per 24 hours. Controls without C spilled 64

mg./24

hours. Not a big difference.

He reiterates the safety of large doses of C. He states that plasma doses of

greater than twenty times normal produce no ill effects. Diarrhea is the

most common side effect of large doses. Some notice thickening of subcutaneous

tissue is the C is not injected deeply enough into, the muscle. (That

induration will eventually resolve.) Some will complain of venous irritation

and

spasm if the intravenous Vitamin C is too concentrated or too rapidly injected.

(C mixed with calcium will reduce this irritation.) A rare thrombosis may

occur if the concentration of the C is greater than 500 mg per cc. Some will

faint if the injection is given too rapidly. (It is best to have the patient

lie

flat.) Large doses by mouth may cause a genital or anal rash and itch.

He also showed how safe large doses of C were. He gave 200 patients 500 to

1000 mg of C every four to six hours for five to ten days. No laboratory

abnormalities were found in blood or urine and no symptoms were noted except

one

percent who developed vomiting; he assumed from a hypersensitive stomach. And

these patients had no virus infection to “assist in destroying the

vitamin.â€

 

One volunteer received 100,000 mg in a twelve day period; no problems.

 

__

 

Reluctance by Orthodox Medicine to Accept

Dr. Klenner knew all this way back thirty to forty years ago. Why has the

medical community taken so long to use this cheap, safe, and valuable tool to

control infections? Dr. Irwin Stone, Dr. Linus Pauling, and Dr. Robert

Cathcart have tried to popularize this method and were only met with poor press

and

ridicule. Are the drug manufacturers organized into a conspiracy too powerful

to overcome? M.D. types will believe what is published in their favorite

medical journals, but Vitamin C therapy studies are not seen in medical

journals

because much of the income to the publishers comes from drug manufacturers.

Vitamin C use represents a threat to their income; it cannot be patented.

Maybe if patients demanded the therapeutic use of Vitamin C from their doctors,

the doctors would become familiar with its use and add it to their

therapeutic tools. Their colleagues would hoot: “Ha ha, you are a quack. You

were

suckered into that.â€

The doctor could respond: “I didn’t want to, but the patient made me do

it.

â€

But the evidence for its use seems to be there, right in the medical

literature, but how many read the Journal of Preventative Medicine?

Dr. Klenner writes clearly and cogently. He is cheerful, even enthusiastic.

And I find no bitterness due to the frustrations about the poor acceptance of

his research by the medical establishment. He had done his own literature

search and finds plenty of confirmation for his therapies in animal and human

experiments.

“Many physicians refuse to employ Vitamin C in the amounts suggested, simply

because it is counter to their fixed ideas of what is reasonable.†The new

products advertised by an alert drug company are okay to them. Dr. Klenner

tells of many letters from doctors who used this C treatment on

poliomyelitis—in

patients, their own children and even themselves. They were cured.

Dr. Klenner commented that if these spectacular results had been produced at

a teaching and research centre and then published, the medical community

might pay some attention and the use of C would become standard and routine.

“

There is no doubt that physicians are being brainwashed with the current

journal advertising.†He uses an appropriate quote from Herber Spencer,

“… to keep

a man in everlasting ignorance… condemnation without investigation.â€

He blamed the National Research Council who planted the concept in doctors’

brains that any dose above 125 mg per day is spilled by way of the kidneys.

It was like any drug, the council implied, and more was no more effective than

the dinky dose that protected the human from scurvy. Doctors do not seem to

realize that the need for C is different “in each one of us either because of

the individual kidney threshold level or because of greater requirements

necessitated by pathology.â€

 

__

 

A Few Quotes

He reminds us of Hippocrates. He felt that of several remedies physicians

would choose the least sensational. Vitamin C meets those requirements.

“Adults taking at least ten grams of ascorbic acid daily and children under

ten at least one gram for each year of life will find that the brain will be

clearer, the mind more active, the body less wearied, and the memory more

retentive.â€

Another summary by Dr. Klenner: “I have never seen a patient that Vitamin C

would not benefit.â€

He discovered the tremendous therapeutic power of Vitamin C to aid the

immune system, to act as an antihistamine, and to neutralize toxins. Again, let

us

not forget what comes through after examining all these published reports: “

Vitamin C should be given to the patient while the doctors ponder the

diagnosis.â€

 

__

 

References

Page II:

* Pauling, L.: Vitamin C and the Common Cold; W. F. Freeman & Co. San

Francisco, 1970.

* Brody, H.D.: J. Amer. Diet. Assoc., 29: 588, 1953.

Page 2, How it Works:

* Klenner, F.R.: Virus Pneumonia and its Treatment with Vitamin C.

Southern Med. Surg., Feb. 1948

* Klenner, F.R.: Encephalitis as a Sequela of the Pneumonias.

Tri-State Med. J., Feb. 1960.

* Klenner, F.R.: An Insidious Virus. Tri-State Med J, June 1957.

* Burns, J.J., et al: J. Biol. Chem., 207:679, 1954.

* Salomon, L.L., Conney, A.H., et al: NY Acad Science, 92:115, 1961.

* Burns. J.J.: Am. J. Med. 26:740, 1959.

* Stone, I.: Brief proposal. Per. Biol Med., Autumn, 1966.

Page 1-2:

* Arber, E: The Story of the Pilgrim Fathers, 1897.

* Correspondence with colleague from Puerto Rico.

* Kline, A.B. and Eheart, M.S. Variations in the Ascorbic Acid

Requirements for Saturation of Nine Normal Young Women, J. Nutrition 28: 413,

1944.

 

* Joliffe, N. Preventive and Therapeutic Use of Vitamins, JAMA,

129:613, 1945.

* Crandon, J.H., Lund, C.C. and Dill, D.B.:. Experimental Human

Scurvy. N Eng J Med., 223: 353, 1940.

Page 2-3:

* Klenner, F.R.: Massive Doses of Vitamin C and the Virus Diseases. J.

So. Med. & Surg., 113:#4, Apr. 1951.

* Larson, C.: Ordinace, pp. 359-360, Jan-Feb, 1967.

Page 3:

* Starr, T.J.: Hospital Practice, 52, Nov 1968.

* Kropowski, H.: Med. World News, p 24, June 19,, 1970.

* Lojkin cited in Klenner’s paper: Massive Doses of Vitamin C and the

Virus Diseases.

* McCall, C.E., and Copper, R.,: Vitamin C Shows Promise as a

Bactericidal Agent. Bowman Gray School Med. Alumni News, 14:1, Feb, 1972

* Wintrobe, M.M.: Clinical Hematology, Lea and Febiger, 3rd Ed 1952.

* Nossal, G. Most Killed Vaccines in Use not Termed Fit for a Mouse.

Medical Tribune, Apr. 5, 1972.

* Kiegler, Guggenheim and Warburg: Vitamin C vs. Toxins, 1938. (No

reference cited.)

Page 4:

* Harde and Benjamin (1934-1935) found the Vitamin C fraction of the

adrenal glands greatly reduced in monkeys killed or paralyzed by the virus of

poliomyelltis.

* Yavorsky, Almoden and King (1934) reported identical findings in

humans having died of various infectious agents.

Page 4,5:

* Klenner, F.R.: An Insidious Virus. Tri-State Med. J., June 1957

* Klenner, F.R.: Virus Pneumonia and its Treatment with Vitamin C.

Southern Med. Surg., Feb. 1948.

* Klenner, F.R.: Encephalitis as a Sequela of the Pneumonias.

Tri-State Med J., Feb, 1960

* Gothlin, G.F.: A Method of Establishing the Vitamin C Standard of

Requirement of Physically Healthy Individuals by Testing the Strength of Their

Capillaries. (No reference cited.)

* Baker, A.B. and Noran, J.A.: Changes in the Central Nervous System

Associated with Encephalitis Complicating Pneumonia. Archives of Internal

Med., Vol 76: 146-153, July-Dec. 1945.

* Krumholz, S. and Luhan, J.A.: Encephalitis Associated with Herpes

Zoster. Arch Neur Psych, 53: 59-67 Jan-Jun, 1945.

* Bakay, L,: The Blood-Brain Barrier, C. C. Thomas, Pub., Springfield,

IL 1956

* Chambers, R. and Zweifach, B.W.: Intercellular Cement and Capillary

Permeability, Physiol Rev., 27: 436-463, 1947.

* Youmans, J.B.: Nutritional Deficiencies, 1941.

Page 5:

* Hawley, E.E., Frazer, J.P., Button, L.L. and Stevens, D.J.: The

Effect of the Administration of Sodium Bicarbonate and of Ammonium Chloride on

the Amount of Ascorbic Acid Found In the Urine. J. Nutrition, 12:215 (August)

1936.

* Klenner, F.R.: Significance of High Daily Intake of Ascorbic Acid in

Preventive Medicine. J. Intl Acad Prev Med., 1:45-69, Spring, 1974.

* Klenner, F.R.: Use of Vitamin C as an Antibiotic. J. of Appl

Nutrit., 6: 1953 (Paper presented at AAN Convention, May, 1963, Pasadena, CA.)

Page 6, Dosage:

* Klenner, F.R.: Massive Doses of Vitamin C and the Virus Diseases. J.

So Med & Surg, 113: #4, Apr. 1951.

* Shaw, et al: Acute and Chronic Ascorbic Deficiencies in Rhesus

Monkeys. J. Nutrition, 29: 365, 1945

* Rivers, T.M.: Immunological and Serological Phenomena in

Poliomyelitis. Lecture III, Infantile Paralysis, 1941.

Page 7:

* Klenner, F.R.: Significance of High Daily Intake. op cit.

Page 8:

* Klenner, F.R.: Use of Vitamin C as an Antibiotic, op cit.

Page 9 Tests:

* Klenner, F.R.: A New Office Procedure for the Determination of

Plasma Levels for Ascorbic Acid. Tri-State Med J., 5, 1956.

Lingual tests:

* Ringsdorf, W.M. & Cheraskin, E.: Sec. Oral Med., U of AL Med Center,

Birmingham, AL

Page 9-16, Insidious Virus:

* Klenner, F.R.: An Insidious Virus, op cit.

* Klenner, F.R.: The Clinical Evaluation and Treatment of a Deadly

Syndrome Caused by an Insidious Virus. Tri-State Med J., Oct. 1958.

Page 15, Virus Pneumonia:

* Klenner, F.R.: Virus Pneumonia and its Treatment with Vitamin C. So

Med & Surg, Feb. 1948.

* Klenner, F.R.: Encephalitis as a Sequela of the Pneumonias. op cit

ibid.

Page 15, (Herpes Encephalitis):

* Lerner, M, et al: Detecting Herpes Encephalitis Earlier. Med World

News, May 20, 1972.

Page 15, (X-ray Therapy):

* Oppenheimer, A.: Roentgen Therapy of Virus Pneumonia. Amer J of

Roentgen., 49: #5.

Page 17-21, Poliomyelitis:

* Klenner, F.R.: The Treatment of Poliomyelitis and Other Virus

Diseases With Vitamin C. So Med & Surg, Vol. 111: #7, July 1949.

* Klenner, F.R., The Vitamin and Massage Treatment for Acute

Poliomyelitis. So Med & Surg, 114: #8, August 1952.

* Klenner, FR.: Poliomyelitis—Case Histories. Tri-State Med J., Sept

1956.

* Sabin, A.B.: Vitamin C in Relation to Experimental Poliomyelitis. J

Exp Med., 69: 507, 1939.

* Heaslip, Australian J. Exp Biol. & Med., 1948.

* Jungeblut, C.W.: Vitamin C Therapy and Prophylaxis in Experimental

Poliomyelitis. J Exper Med., 65; 127, 1937.

* Jungeblut, C.W.: Further Observations on Vitamin C Therapy in

Experimental Poliomyelitis. J. Exper. Med., 66: 450, 1937.

* Bodian, D. and Horstmann, D.:. Review of Their Work. JAMA, 149:

Aug30, 1952.

Page 22-23, Hepatitis:

* Freebern, R.K. & Repsher, LR.: Med. World News, Jan 23, 1970.

* Klenner, F.R.: Unpublished paper.

* Klenner, F.R.: Significance of High Daily Intake. op cit., page 56.

 

* Klenner, F.R.: Massive Doses of Vitamin C, op cit.

* Klenner, F.R.: Observations on the Dose and Administration, op cit.

Page 23-24, Herpes:

* Klenner, F.R.: Significance, ibid, page 64.

* Stephens, J.C. and Cook, M.: Cases of the Hidden Herpes Virus, Med

World News, May 26, 1972.

* Goodpasture, E.W.: Case of the Hidden Herpes Virus. Med World News,

Feb 25, i972.

* Roizman, B. et al: Tracing Herpes Viruses. Med World News, Oct 1,

1971.

* Klenner, F.R.: Use of Vitamin C as an Antibiotic. op cit.

Page 24-25, Chickenpox and Measles:

* Klenner, F.R.: Massive Doses, op cit.

* Klenner, F.R.: The use of Vitamin C as an Antibiotic. op cit.

Page 26, Infectious Mononucleosis:

* Hellne, C. and Helene, W.: EB Virus in the Etiology of Infectious

Mononucleosis, Hosp Pract., July, 1970.

* Niderman, College Findings tie Mono to ED virus. Med World News, Dec

1968.

* Klenner, F.R.: Observations of the Dose and Administration. op cit.

Page 27,

* Klenner, ER.: Unpublished work on RMSF and tick bite fever.

Page 28 Trichinosis:

* Klenner, F.R.: The Treatment of Trichinosis with Massive Doses of

Vitamin C and Para-aminobenzoic Acid. Tri-State Medical J., April i954.

Page 30, Urethritis:

* Rous, S.: Urethritis in Men. NY Soc Med., Dec 15, 1971.

Page 30, Antabuse:

* Klenner, F.R.: Unpublished paper.

Page 31, Arthritis:

* Klenner, F.R.: Significance. op cit.

* Abrams, E. and Sandson, J.: Ann Rheum Dis., 27: 1964.

Page 31, Cancer

* Klenner, F.R.: Unpublished paper.

* Schiegel, G.E. et al: The Role of Ascorbic Acid in the Prevention of

Bladder Tumor Formation. Trans Amer Assn Genitour Surg., 61: 1969.

Page 33-34, Cholesterol and Arteriosclerosis:

* Ginter, E.L.: Cholesterol and Vitamin C. Amer J Clin Nutr., 24:

1238-1245, 1971.

* Spittle, C., Atherosclerosis and Vitamin C. Lancet, II: 1280-1281,

1971.

* Ginter, E.: Effects of Dietary Cholesterol on Vitamin C Metabolism

in laboratory animals. Acta Med Acad Sci. Hungary. 27:23-29; 1970.

* Ginter, E., et al: The Effects of Ascorbic Acid on Cholesterolemia

in Healthy Subjects with Seasonal Deficit of Vitamin C. Nutr Metabol, 12:

76-86. 1970.

* Willis, G.C.: An Experimental Study of the Intimal Ground Substance

in Atherosclerosis. Can Med Assoc J., 69: 17-22, 1953.

* Shafer, J.: Ascorbic Acid and Atherosclerosis. Amer J Clin Nutr.,

23:27, 1970.

* Stamler, J.: Comprehensive Treatment of Essential Hypertensive

Diseases. Monograph on Hypertension, Merck, Sharp and Dohme.

* Hecker, R.R. et al: J Am Chem Soc., 75:2020, 1953.

Page 34, Corneal Ulcers:

* Boyd,T.A., & Campbell, F.W.: B Med J., 2:1145, Nov 1950.

Page 35, Glaucoma:

* Virno, M.: Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Monthly, 46:1502.

Page 35, 36 Pregnancies:

* Greenblatt, R.B.: Obst & Gyn, 2:530, 1953.

* King, C.C. et al, New York Times, Nov 2, 1952.

Page 36-39, Schizophrenia, Heat Stroke, Sunburn, Slipped Disc, Toxins and

Heavy Metal Poisonings:

* Klenner, F.R.: Significance of High Daily Intake,. op cit.

* Klenner, F.R.: The use of Vitamin C as an Antibiotic, op cit.

* Mokranjac, M. and Petrovic, C.: Report on Mercury Studies in Guinea

Pigs in Relation to Amounts of Vitamin C Administered. Cr Acad Sci., Paris.

* Dannenburg, A.M. et al: Ascorbic acid in the treatment of chronic

lead poisoning. JAMA, 114:1439-1440, 1940.

* Pelletier, O.: Experiments with smokers and non-smokers. JAMA, April

1969.

* Mayers, B.W.: Where there’s smoke there may be carbon monoxide. Med

World News, Jan 21, 1972.

* Hoffer, J.: Use of Ascorbic Acid with Niacin in Schizophrenia. Can

Med J., Nov 6, 1971.

* Hawkins, D.: Back to Reality the Megavitamin Way. Med World News,

Sept 24, 1971.

* Greenwood, J.: Optimum Vitamin C Intake as a Factor in the

Preservation of Disc Integrity. Med Ann DC, 33:6, June 1964.

* Massell, B.F. et al: Antirheumatic Activity of Ascorbic Acid in

Large Doses. New Eng J Med, 1950.

* Kyhos, E.D. et al: Large Doses of Ascorbic Acid in Treatment of

Vitamin C Deficiencies. Arch Int Med., 75:407, 1945.

* Dalldorf, G.: Vitamin C in Health and Disease. W.B. Saunders, 1945.

 

* Musser, J.H.: Nutrition in the Aged. W.B. Saunders Co., 1945.

Page 36, Burns:

* Knisely, M.H. et al: Arch Surg, 51:220, 1945

* Knisely, M.H.: Science, 106:431, 1947.

* Berkeley, W.T., Jr.: So Med J., 58:1182-1184.

* Lund & Levenson: Arch Surg., 55:557,1947.

* Bergman, H.C. et al: Am Hrt J., 29:506-512, 1945.

* Lam, C.R.: Col Rev Surg Gyn & Obst., 72:390-400, 1941.

* Klasson, D.H.: NY J Med., 51:2388-2392, Oct, 1951.

Page 37, Surgery, Shock;

* Chambers, R. & Pollock, J.: J Gen Physiol, 10:739, 1927

* Clark & Rassiter: Q J Exp Physiol., 32:279, 1944.

* Barlett, M.K. et al: NEJM, 226:474, 1942.

* Laninan, T.H. & Ingalls, TB.: Am Surg., 105:616, 1937.

* Schumacher: Ohio State Med J., 42:1248, 1946.

Page 41-42, Poisonous Insects and Reptiles:

* Klenner, F.R.: Hunting and Fishing Magazine, April, 1950.

Pages 43-54, Myasthenia Gravis and Multiple Sclerosis:

* Klenner, F.R.: Response of Peripheral and Central Nerve Pathology to

Megadoses of the Vitamin B Complex and other Metabolites. J Appl Nutrit.,

25:#304, 1973.

* Klenner, F.R.: Multiple Sclerosis Diagnosis and Treatment

Suggestions. Original paper, unpublished.

* Klenner, F.R.: Fatigue—Normal and Pathological with Special

Consideration of Myasthenia Gravis and Multiple Sclerosis. So Med & Surg.,

111:#9,

Sept 1949.

Page 45:

* Stern, E. I.: The Intraspinal Injection of Vitamin B1 for the Relief

of Intractable Pain, and for Inflammatory and Degenerative Diseases of the

Central Nervous System. Am J Surg., 34:495, 1938.

* Rosenberg, L.E.: Vitamin Deficiency Diseases and the Vitamin

Dependent Diseases with Reference to B and D., National Health Federation

Bulletin

Vol XVIII. #10, Nov 1972.

* Moore, M.T.; Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis with Nicotinic Acid and

Vitamin B1. Arch Int Med., 65:18, Jan 1940.

Other supportive articles from the medical literature:

* Kempe, C.H.: A Key to the Secret of M.S., Med World News, July 7,

1972.

* Schandl, D.K.: Dissertation on Environmental and Pyridoxine cause of

M.S., The Charlotte Observer, Charlotte, N.C., April 23, 1973.

* Brickner, R.M.: A Critique of Therapy in M.S., Bull Nue Inst NY.,

4:665, April 19367.

* Zimmerman, H.H. and Burack, E.: Lesions of the Nervous System

Resulting from a Deficiency of the Vitamin B complex. Arch Path., 13:207, Feb

1932.

 

* Spies, T.D. et al: The Use of Nicotinic Acid in the Treatment of

Pellagra. JAMA, 110:622, Feb 1938.

* Spies, T.D. and Aring, C.D.: The Effect of Vitamin B1 on the

Peripheral Neuritis of Pellagra, JAMA, 110:1081, April, 1938.

Page 55, Toxic Doses:

* Patterson, J.W.: J Biol Chem., 81-88, 1950.

* Lambden, M.P. et al: Proc Soc Exp Biol Med., 85:190-192, 1954.

Need for Vitamin C:

* Sabin: J Exp Med., 89:507-515, 1939.

* Wright: Ann Int Med., 12, 4:516-528, Oct 1938.

* Brody, H.D.: J Am Diet Assn., 29:588, 1953.

* Regnier, E.: Rev of Allergy, 22:948, Oct 1968.

 

__

 

Adapted from Vitamin C as a Fundamental Medicine: Abstracts of Dr. Frederick

R. Klenner, M.D.’s Published and Unpublished Work,

ISBN 0-943685-13-3, first printing 1988.

Page references apply to original publication.

HTML Revised

Corrections and formatting © 2004 AscorbateWeb

The Origin of the 42-Year Stonewall of Vitamin C

_http://www.seanet.com/~alexs/ascorbate/199x/landwehr-r-j_orthomol_med-1991-v6

-n2-p99.htm_

(http://www.seanet.com/~alexs/ascorbate/199x/landwehr-r-j_orthomol_med-1991-v6-n\

2-p99.htm)

See also:

_http://www.seanet.com/~alexs/ascorbate/199x/landwehr-r-j_orthomol_med-1991-v6

-n2-p99.htm_

(http://www.seanet.com/~alexs/ascorbate/199x/landwehr-r-j_orthomol_med-1991-v6-n\

2-p99.htm)

and _http://gateway.nlm.nih.gov/gw/Cmd_ (http://gateway.nlm.nih.gov/gw/Cmd)

and _http://www.ajpe.org/aj6702/aj670264/aj670264.pdf_

(http://www.ajpe.org/aj6702/aj670264/aj670264.pdf)

and _http://www.doctoryourself.com/hoffer_krypto.html_

(http://www.doctoryourself.com/hoffer_krypto.html)

and _http://jb.asm.org/cgi/content/full/186/12/3922?view=long & pmid=1517530_

(http://jb.asm.org/cgi/content/full/186/12/3922?view=long & pmid=1517530)

and _http://www.orthomed.com/titrate.htm_

(http://www.orthomed.com/titrate.htm)

and _http://faculty.washington.edu/ely/JOM4.html_

(http://faculty.washington.edu/ely/JOM4.html)

and _http://arxiv.org/html/physics/0403023_

(http://arxiv.org/html/physics/0403023)

and _http://www.ajpe.org/view.asp?art=aj670264 & pdf=yes_

(http://www.ajpe.org/view.asp?art=aj670264 & pdf=yes)

and _http://web.indstate.edu/thcme/mwking/home.html_

(http://web.indstate.edu/thcme/mwking/home.html)

and _http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/get_htext?Cpd+-n_

(http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/get_htext?Cpd+-n)

and _http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/get_htext?Enzyme_

(http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/get_htext?Enzyme)

and _http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/show_pathway?map00380+C00780_

(http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/show_pathway?map00380+C00780)

and _http://www.jacn.org/cgi/content/full/21/1/22_

(http://www.jacn.org/cgi/content/full/21/1/22)