History of the Fluoride/Iodine Antagonism

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History of the Fluoride/Iodine Antagonism

© 1996 - 2006 PFPC

_http://poisonfluoride.com/pfpc/html/thyroid_history.html_

(http://poisonfluoride.com/pfpc/html/thyroid_history.html)

1854 - Maumene feeds sodium fluoride to a dog and causes a goitre to appear

[also spelled goiter]. He is the first to consider fluorides as a cause of

goiter. Suggests that high fluoride in water might cause endemic struma

(goiter). (NOTE: The amount of fluoride given was 20 to 120 mg Na F-/day, for

four

months - Buergi, 1984 claims that a " cumulative dose of 10 g " was given.)

1869 - First experiments with sodium fluoride, showing inhibitory effects on

glycolysis

[a thyroid hormone - associated event] in isolated muscle tissue, are

published by Nasse.(see also: 1937 Litzka)

1917/1918 - _McKay_ (http://poisonfluoride.com/pfpc/html/mckay_1918.html) ,

the dentist who investigated the cause of ‘mottled teeth’ - later to be

renamed ‘dental fluorosis’, writes in the " Dental Cosmos " that enamel

conditions

in children with ‘mottled teeth’ are identical to those reported by Prof.

Greves in Holland as being due to thyroid dysfunction (goitre). Greves reports

that when rats were given water from the Utrecht area, goitre and mottled

enamel developed.

1919 -1921 - Ignorant of McKay’s work, Goldemberg (Argentina) investigates

the areas then commonly referred to as " goiterous waters " ('Kropfwaesser'),

and reviews the work by others (Repin, Gautier, Clausmann, McCarrison, Parhou

and Goldstein, Pighini, Christiani, Cahages, Houssay, Tappeiner, Schulz,

Brandt and Pisotti). His findings convince him that the world-wide occurrence

of

goiter and cretinism is NOT due to iodine deficiency as commonly believed,

but is the result of excessive fluoride intake from air, food and water. [Jod

Basedow] He conducts animal experiments to test his hypothesis and reports

that 2 to 3 mgs of NaF- daily for 6 to 8 months produced a 5 to 6-fold increase

in the size of the thyroid gland. He calls the condition ‘cretinisme

fluorique

’.

1923 - Pighini causes goiters in rats, dogs and chicken by giving them

fluoridated water from a goiterous area. When sodium fluoride was administered,

the same histological changes in the thyroid were seen as are produced in

endemic goitre.

1926 - Goldemberg is the first to take medical advantage of the now

much-observed iodine-fluoride _antagonism_

(http://64.177.90.157/science/html/table_f-_i.html) . He deliberates that,

because fluoride was the reason behind iodine

deficiency/goitre areas, it would therefore also reduce the high iodine

levels in Basedow patients and begins to use fluorides to effectively cure

Basedow's disease - hyperthyroidism caused by excessive iodine consumption.

Goldemberg publishes extensively between 1921 and 1935 on his findings of

applying fluorides as anti-thyroid medication.

1927 - Gorlitzer von Mundy (Austria) reports that daily intake of 3 mgs of

fluoride in rabbits and rats leads to goiter and cretinism-like conditions.

1930 - Christiani publishes on the changes in thyroid function from fluoride

injections.

[Earlier, in 1925, Christiani and Gautier became the first to use the term ‘

fluorosis’. They called it " La Fluorose " and " Cachexie fluorique " , using

these terms to describe " fluoride intoxication " (not yet described as " dental

fluorosis " ...), as induced by fluoride emissions from a Swiss aluminum smelter.

_LINK_ (http://poisonfluoride.com/pfpc/html/history_term.html) ]

1932 - Gorlitzer von Mundy (Austria) publishes findings on 1500 experiments

using fluoride to inhibit thyroid function in mice and metamorphosis in

tadpoles.

* NOTE: As it had been shown that metamorphosis in tadpoles was

regulated by thyroid hormones, one had to show inhibition of metamorphosis to

satisfy claims that a medication was an “anti-thyroidâ€. This test was known

as

the " Gudernatsche Tadpole Test " .

 

1932 - Machoro (Italy) uses sodium fluoride in the successful treatment of

hyperthyroidism.

1932 - Wilhelm May (Germany) also starts fluoride therapy in the treatment

of hyperthyroidism, using calcium fluoride tablets, topical ointments, etc..

1933 - Gorlitzer von Mundy (Austria) reports more on fluoride’s effect on

the thyroid.

1934 - Purjesz and colleagues (Poland) give chicken eggs high in fluoride to

hyperthyroid patients and achieve lowering of body temperature, of pulse and

BMR, as well as weight gain; report that most of the fluoride is found in

liver; no fluoride is found in the blood of healthy people.

1934 - Chang, Phillips, et al. report that in the thyroid of cows fed

fluoride for a long time, the fluoride content increased to 240 times as much.

[Note: in the original text it states 24 times, however, Dr. Phillips later

corrected the text figures in a communication with Wilson & DeEds -> see:

1940]

1935 - Phillips et al. (USA) report that fluoride and thyroid have

synergistic effects on fluorosis in chicken.

1935 - Phillips et al. conduct studies in rats and find the same results:

fluoride and thyroid have synergistic toxic effects.

1936 - Phillips conducts further animal experiments and verifies the 1935

findings.

1937 - Litzka (Germany) discusses the mode of action of fluorides in

treating patients with hyperthyroidism: fluoride antagonizes thyroid hormone

effects/glycolysis in liver and influences glycolysis in skeletal muscle.

1937 - Wilhelm May reports further on his fluoride therapy, including the

use of sodium fluoride ointments (up to one year-therapy), and Fluorotyrosin (6

to 8 - week therapy). Also reports on findings that two other common

medications given in the treatment of hyperthyroidism - Solvitren and

Tyronorman -

had been found to contain fluoride, in fact double the amount used in

Fluorotyrosin. Further May reports that the traditional areas where people had

been

sent for “natural therapy†(‘Kur’) were found to contain higher amounts

of

fluoride in the water.

1937 - Kraft (Knoll AG, Germany) investigates inorganic sodium fluoride and

organic fluoride compounds fluorobenzoic acid and fluorotyrosine and reports

that all fluoride compounds inhibit thyroid hormones. It is a matter of

amplification - the fluoride component is essential.

1939 - Steyn (South Africa) first reports on his findings of

fluoride-induced goiter.

1940 - Wilson and DeEds (USA) report dental fluorosis in rats as a result of

the synergistic action of fluoride and thyroid hormones. Results are

described as " strikingly clearcut " .

1941 - Wilson (UK) reports in the Lancet on his findings that mottling of

teeth is prevalent in the same areas in the UK which had previously been

prevalent with goitre.

1941 - Schwarz (Germany) prepares fluoride/iodide anti-thyroid medications

and combines with sedatives.

1942 - Euler & Eichler (Germany) report that the chronic administration of

organic fluoride compounds (fluorotyrosine) cause the same defects in bone as

inorganic fluorides, although no dissociation takes place, ascribing effects

to the whole molecule.

1942 - Euler & Eichler further report that the chronic administration of

organic fluoride compounds cause the same defects in teeth as inorganic

fluorides. Identical crystal formation is seen, although no soluble (free)

fluoride

is observed, leading the authors to the conclusion that such crystals declared

by others to contain “calcium fluoride†[see: fluoroapatite] could not be

such. The organic compounds did not dissolve.

1944 - The editorial in the Journal of the American Dental Association

(JADA) acknowledges that " ...drinking water containing as little as 1.2 to 3ppm

of

fluorine will cause such developmental disturbances...as goitre " .

1946 - The _Atomic Energy Commission_ (http://po

isonfluoride.com/pfpc/html/hodge_1946.html) (Department of Pharmacology &

Toxicology - headed by Harold

Carpenter Hodge, incomprehensibly at the same time also head of the

International Association for Dental Research (IADR) - acknowledges the German

findings that all fluoride compounds - organic or inorganic - inhibit thyroid

hormone activity, and declares this issue a research priority. No further

research

into this issue is conducted, however.

1947 - Casterra uses Knoll’s " K17 " , later to be renamed " Capacinâ€, in the

successful treatment of 500 hyperthyroid patients.

1948 - Steyn (Africa) finds that fluoride has definite anti-thyroid effects.

He investigates the incidence of endemic goiter in the North Western Cape

Province in South Africa and reports that his findings " closely agree with the

.... 1944 JADA editorial " , and that goiters are actually 'fluoride-induced'.

1949 - Richard May reports on the highly successful use of the organic

fluoride compounds Pardinon (IG Farben) and Capacin (Knoll AG) in the treatment

of

hyperthyroidism. Up until 1943, 10,000 patients had been cured.

1949 - Euler et al. test various organic fluoride compounds and find again

that all organic fluoride compounds inhibit thyroid hormone activity.

1950 - Wilhelm May publishes monograph on the fluoride-iodine antagonism,

including over 300 references, detailing the known _biochemical findings_

(http://64.177.90.157/science/html/table_f-_i.html) . [Originally slated for

publication in 1944, the lack of paper in Germany prohibits publication until 6

years later.]

1950 - Richard May reports that between 1935 and 1947 over 5000 hyperthyroid

patients had been treated successfully with Pardinon and Capacin in the May

clinic alone.

1952 - Kraft and Dengel (Germany) investigate yet more fluorophenyl-derived

fluoride compounds, all of which lower BMR.

1952 - In the court case Reynolds Metals Corp vs Paul Martin hypothyroidism

caused by fluoride is documented.

1953 - Wadwhani (India) reports that fluoride concentrated in thyroid gland

of rats consuming 0.9mg F- per day.

1954 - Wespi (Italy) reports mottled teeth ('dental fluorosis') together

with goitre in Italy.

1954 - Jentzer (Switzerland) reports that less than normal amounts of

thyroid hormone are deposited in the pituitary gland when rabbits are given

fluoride in water - at levels corresponding to that of artificially fluoridated

water.

1955 - _Benagiano & Fiorentini_

(http://poisonfluoride.com/pfpc/html/benagiano_1955.html) (Italy) describe the

effects of fluoride on thyroid function.

They find that the farther away from the toxic dose, the longer it takes for

fluoride to cause thyroid changes. (This in accord with May (1950), who

found that although it might take months - “sometimes even a year†- even

low

fluoride amounts would always be successful in lowering iodine levels...May

urged the practioner to be patient...)

1955 - Korrodi, Wegmann, Galetti and Held also verify a fluoride - iodine

antagonism, presuming that the fluoride ion pushes out the iodine in the

thyroid gland.

1957 - Galetti et al. treat hyperthyroid patients with fluoride at daily

doses lower than those estimated being the current average intake in the US,

and

document a significant reduction in protein-bound iodine, as well as an

overall reduction of iodine and a reduction of iodine uptake by the thyroid

gland.

1959 - Jentzer again shows reduced iodine levels in the pituitary gland

under the influence of fluorides.

1960 - Gordinoff and Minder describe the results of experiments with

radioactive iodine (I131) which show that fluorides remove an iodine atom

during the

conversion process (T4 to T3). Effects are dose-responsive, meaning the

higher the fluoride intake the lower the iodine measurements.

1959/1960 - Anbar et al (Israel) report in Nature and other journals that

_fluoroborates_ (http://64.177.90.157/science/html/fluoborates.html) and other

fluoride compounds inhibit thyroid hormone transport and concentrate in the

thyroid gland. [bTW: The first fluoroborate ‘safety document’ appeared in

1932!]

1962 - Steyn (Africa) reports that drinking water containing " as little as 1

to 2 ppm of fluorine can cause serious disturbances of general health and

especially in normal thyroid gland function and in the normal processes of

calcium-phosphate metabolism (_parathyroid function_

(http://poisonfluoride.com/pfpc/html/parathyroids.html) ). "

1962 - Spira reports on the fluorine-induced endocrine disturbances in

mental illness.

1963 - Gorlitzer von Mundy reports on the [then] current knowledge gained

from experiments by Gordonoff with I131 as to how the effects of the enzyme

responsible for the T4 to T3 conversion were inhibited if a fluorine ion was

absorbed before the conversion from T4 to T3 occurs.

1964 - Ritzel reports on disturbances in T4 metabolism in areas with

fluoridated drinking water.

1964 - Steyn (Africa) - again - reviews the “overwhelming evidence†on the

fluoride-iodine antagonism.

(Steyn, Maumene, Euler et al., Wadwhani, Wadwhani and Ramaswamy, Chang et

al., Littich, Benagiano and Fiorentini, Fiorentini, Feltman, De Eds, Baume and

Becks, Orban, Spira, Galetti et al., Gordonoff and Minder, Wilson, Wespi,

Goldemberg, Coton, Gorlitzer, May, Hodenberg, Korrodi et al., Christiani,

Jentzer, Grab and Overdisse)

1964 - Steyn reports on his detailed 1949-1950 experiments on young rats,

conducted to determine if there was in fact a fluoride-iodine antagonism. The

experiment, which ran for 12 months, showed that the more severe the teeth

were mottled, the more severe the thyroid dysfunction. It further showed that

iodine supplementation was not likely to prevent the endemic goiter caused by

excessive fluoride in drinking water, and that fluoride intake needed to be

reduced.

1969 - Rodesch et al. and Zor et al. independently report that fluoride

mimicks TSH.

1969 - Siddiqui show small visible goiters in persons 14 to 17 years of age

in India to be connected directly to high fluoride concentrations in drinking

water.

1970 - Ahn and Rosenberg confirm that fluoride mimicks TSH.

1970 - Burke documents that TSH and fluoride have additive effects.

1971 - Narbutt et al. show that in rats fed sodium fluoride at 0.1 and 1

mg/day there is an increase in the thyroid weights after 4 weeks, irrespective

of dosage. Narbutt recommends iodine administration during fluoride

prophylaxis.

1972 - Willems et al. document that sodium fluoride blocks thyroid hormone

secretion.

1972 - Day and Powell-Jackson study 648 people in 13 mountainous regions in

Nepal where the iodine content in the water is low and find a close

relationship between fluoride intake and the incidence of goiter.

1976 - Polish researchers _Bobek and Kahl_

(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve & db=PubMed & list_uids=\

1087230 & dopt=Abstract)

document that rats consuming fluoride in water at 0.1 to 1 mg/day have

significantly lowered T4, T3, and free thyroxine index in plasma. They ascribe

this to an

inhibition of thyroid hormone transport by fluoride.

1976 - Aliev finds that goiter, caries and fluorosis are correlated in

Azerbaijan.

1976 - _Orgiazzi et al_

(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve & db=PubMed & list_uids=\

1008507 & dopt=Abstract) . use fluoride as TSH

analogue in assessing " cold nodules " .

1978 - In German thyroid medications like " Druesensalbe Fides " ,

" Strumadragees Fides " and " Strumetten " still list calcium fluoride and

hydrogen fluoride

as active ingredients, and are listed in the 1978 index of the German

Federal Association of the Pharmaceutical Industry.

( " Schilddruesentherapeutika "

in " Rote Liste " , Bundesverband der Pharmazeutischen Industrie, e.V.,

Frankfurt, Germany)

1978 - _Maccia et al._

(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve & db=PubMed & list_uids=\

229151 & dopt=Abstract) use fluoride as TSH

analogue (hyperplastic thyroid, hyperfunctioning follicular carcinoma, " cold "

nodules).

1978 - _Kalderon & Sheth_

(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve & db=PubMed & list_uids=\

580872 & dopt=Abstract) use fluoride as TSH

analogue ( " cold " nodules).

1978 - George Waldbott writes that in most cases of poisoning from

fluoridated water in which he had occasion to study the action of the thyroid

gland,

it's function was low. He cites a case of a 33-year-old male who exhibited

typical manifestations of pre-skeletal fluorosis and a basal metabolism rate of

-22, indicative of hypothyroidism. Within three months after the man ceased

consuming fluoridated water, the thyroid function had returned to normal

(BMR=0). In addition, Waldbott writes that " simultaneously, other symptoms

associated with low grade fluoride poisoning - including excessive thirst,

headaches, blurred vision, arthritis in shoulders, elbows, knees, and

gastrointestinal

disturbances - also disappeared. " [He did not know that the symptoms he

ascribed to " low-grade fluoride poisoning " would likewise be considered

symptoms

of hypothyroidism some 20 years later.]

See: _COMPARISON OF SYMPTOMS: FLUORIDE POISONING/HYPOTHYROIDISM_

(http://poisonfluoride.com/pfpc/html/symptoms.html)

1979 - _Toccafondi et al._

(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve & db=PubMed & list_uids=\

231370 & dopt=Abstract) use fluoride as TSH

analogue in assessing hyperfunctioning nodules (thyroid toxic adenoma).

1979 - _Walinder et al._

(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve & db=PubMed & list_uids=\

227209 & dopt=Abstract) use fluoride as TSH

analogue to activate human thyroid tumors (nodules).

1979 - _Hillman et al_

(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve & db=PubMed & list_uids=\

447892 & dopt=Abstract) . find that cattle afflicted

with fluorosis develop hypothyroidism.(Fluorosis here caused by mineral

supplements.)

1982 - _Mizukami et al_

(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve & db=PubMed & list_uids=\

6282789 & dopt=Abstract) . use fluoride as TSH

analogue (adenomatous goiter).

1983 - _Sidora et al._

(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve & db=PubMed & list_uids=\

6289297 & dopt=Abstract) find iodine deficiency and

" adaptive amplification of the hypophyseal-thyroid system, not ensuring an

absolute compensation in the citizens using drinking water with an

‘enhanced’

fluorine content as compared to a ‘decreased’ one, accompanied by an

augmented incidence of functional disturbance " .

1983 - Desai et al.(India) report increased incidence of goiter in endemic

fluorosis areas.

1985 - _Bachinskii et al._

(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve & db=PubMed & list_uids=\

4088985 & dopt=Abstract) document how fluorides

at 2.3 ppm in water cause tension of function of the pituitary-thyroid

system that is expressed in TSH-elevated production, a decrease in the T3

concentration [both sure-tell diagnostic signs of hypothyroidism] and more

intense

absorption of radioactive iodine by the thyroid [as in iodine deficiency]. The

results lead to a conclusion that excess of fluorine in drinking water was a

risk factor of more rapid development of thyroid pathology.

1985 - _Clark and Gerend_

(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve & db=PubMed & list_uids=\

2986305 & dopt=Abstract) use fluoride as TSH

analogue in human thyroid cancers.

1988 - Zhao publishes first results of investigations into mutual

interactive effects of fluoride and iodine in goitre and dental fluorosis.

1988 - Guan et al. report on synergistic effects of iodine deficiency and

fluoride excess in rat thyroid.

1989 - _Tokar'_

(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve & db=PubMed & list_uids=\

2612943 & dopt=Abstract) and others in a study on workers

exposed to fluorides write that “changes in the pituitary-thyroid axis are

caused by disorders of the regulatory chain and fluorine impact on thyroid

hormones' metabolism at the level of target cellsâ€. (-> G-proteins)

1989 - Ren et al. report more findings on the devastating effects on IQ of

fluoride in low iodine areas.

1991 - _Lin Fa-Fu et al_ (http://64.177.90.157/science/html/lin_fa-fu.html)

.. report that a low iodine intake coupled with " high " (0.88ppm) fluoride

intake excaberates the central nervous lesions and the somatic developmental

disturbance of iodine deficiency. The authors considered the possibility that

" excess " fluoride ion affected normal de-iodination. Fluorides caused increase

of reverse T3 (rT3) and elevated TSH levels, as well as increased I131 uptake

(see: Bachinskii et al, 1985).

1991 - Delemer et al. show that fluoroaluminate (AlF4-) and TSH have

additive effects.

1993 - Brtko et al. find that fluoride inhibits binding of 125I-T3 to its

receptor in rat liver nuclei.

1993 - Desai et al. investigate 22,276 people in India and find dental

fluorosis and goitre significantly and positively correlated.

1994 - _Tezelmann et al._

(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve & db=PubMed & list_uids=\

8119199 & dopt=Abstract) report that fluoride,

by increasing the intracellular cAMP concentration, causes desensitization of

the thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHr). No specific thyroid

factor(s) other than increased levels of cAMP are required for TSHr

desensitization.

1994 - _Yang et al._

(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve & db=PubMed & list_uids=\

7859263 & dopt=Abstract) investigate intelligence in

children and report that high iodine and high fluoride exert “severe damage

to the human bodyâ€.

1995 - _Balabolkin et al._

(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve & db=PubMed & list_uids=\

7709355 & dopt=Abstract) study the thyroid and

immune statuses in workers continuously exposed to fluorine. “...T3 is seen

reduced in 51% of the workers. The examinees with 'euthyroid condition' had

immune disorders with an allergic tendency (increased number of B-lymphocytes,

immunoglobulins A). In workers with subclinical hypothyroidism, the immune

alterations were more evident, T-lymphocytes count rose, but their functional

activity declined, indicating impaired cooperation of immunocytes as a result

of imperfect control under low concentrations of T3. " (aberrant G protein

activation).

1996 - Mikhailets et al. again report on the low T3 levels in same workers

exposed to fluorides. Suggests that the " low T3 " syndrome could be used as a

diagnostic tool in assessment of " fluorosis " .

1996 - Mahmood investigates the effects of low doses of sodium fluoride on

the thyroid glands of guinea pigs. Findings are:

 

1. Depletion of colloid from the follicles.

2. Shrinkage of follicles.

3. Disruption of follicular basement membrane associated with oedema and

degeneration of the follicular epithelial cells.

4. Increased follicular vascularity.

5. Fatty degeneration in the inter-follicular connective tissue.

 

1998 - _Zhao et al._ (http://www.elis.sk/endo/endo298.htm) conduct an

extensive study on mice receiving several fluoride-iodine combinations in

addition to basal diet. The authors find that iodine and fluorine have

" mutually

interacting " effects on both goiter and fluorosis in the experimental mice.

1998 - _Swarup et al._

(http://www.fluoride-journal.com/98-31-4/314-225a.htm) , investigating

fluoride-intoxicated cattle near an aluminum smelter in

India, find decreased levels of triiodothyronine (T3) in the affected animals

when compared to normal animals.

1999 - Data by _Jooste et al_

(http://poisonfluoride.com/pfpc/html/jooste.html) shows that goitre occurrence

in iodine-sufficient areas in Africa is due

to fluoride. In 5 out of 6 villages goiter prevalence directly corresponds

to fluoride in water, observable at concentrations even lower than deemed

" optimal " for “ " caries prevention " .

2001 - _Negoita et al._ (http://www.rvi.net/~fluoride/mohawk.htm) report

the increase of acquired hypothyroidism in the St. Regis Akwesasne Mohawks, a

population long known to be poisoned by fluoride emissions from a Reynolds

aluminum smelter.

2001 - 2002 - _Gupta et al._

(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve & db=PubMed & list_uids=\

11224578 & dopt=Abstract) (India) and

_Suketa_

(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve & db=pubmed & dopt=Abstr\

act & list_uids=12187767) (Japan) show that in cases of fluorosis there is

hyperparathyroidism, as seen in elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels.

It is now known that elevated PTH levels are caused by the prolonged

elevation of thyrotropin (TSH) levels (i.e. _Paloyan et al_

(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve & db=PubMed & list_uids=\

9217128 & dopt=Abstract)

, 1997). Fluoride is a TSH analogue. See next item...

2002 - As a result of research into molecular biology there are hundreds

upon hundreds of studies available documenting the actions of fluorides upon G

proteins, the " On " and " Off " switches involved in cellular signal

transmission.

During the 1980s and 1990s fluorides become known as the universal G-protein

activator. Although there have been numerous studies before showing that

fluorides act like TSH, the thyroid-stimulating-hormone - as seen above -, it

can now be documented in deep detail, for it is known that G proteins in

thyroid physiology are normally absolutely dependent on TSH and are inactive

without it. TSH is the master, sometimes also referred to as the " first

violinist

in the orchestra " .

The TSH receptor is the only receptor known able to activate all G protein

families, an activity directly imitated by fluoride.

see also: _Tables_ (http://bruha/science/html/tables.html)

_Hyperparathyroidism_ (http://poisonfluoride.com/pfpc/html/parathyroids.html)

 

2004 - _Shen et al_

(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve & db=pubmed & dopt=Abstr\

act & list_uids=15208994) . show both an antagonistic as

well as synergistic relationship of iodine and fluoride on phospholipid and

fatty acid composition in brain cells of rats, depending on the amount of

iodine.

2004 - Wang et al. investigate the effects of fluoride and low iodine on

biochemical indexes in the brain and learning/memory in offspring rats.

 

“In comparison with control rats, the learning and memory ability of the

offspring rats was depressed by high fluoride, low iodine, or the combination

of

high fluoride and low iodine. Brain protein was decreased by low iodine and

even more by the combined interaction of high fluoride and low iodine. The

activity of cholinesterase (ChE) in the brain was affected to some extent by

high fluoride and low iodine but was especially affected by high fluoride and

low iodine together.â€

 

2004 - Bouaziz et al. investigate the effects of fluoride on thyroid

hormones and bone in suckling mice and find a reduction of plasma free T4 and

T3

levels in the offspring, as well as accelerated bone resorption activity. (Bone

formation is regulated by the endocrine system.)

2005 - _Dr. Susheela and co-workers_

(http://poisonfluoride.com/pfpc/Susheela_Fluoride_2005.pdf) present not only

the first reports on TSH and free TH

levels in children and adolescents with DF but, in addition, show that even in

children without DF - but elevated fluoride serum levels - abnormal TH

metabolism is present, as previously observed in workers exposed to fluoride,

as wel

l as children and adults with various amounts of fluoride in the water

supply.

2005 - _Ruiz-Payan et al_

(http://poisonfluoride.com/pfpc/Alma_Ruiz-Payan_2005.pdf) . show that even at 1

ppm (fluoride in water) T3 levels are reduced

in adolescents living in Northern Mexico.

2005 - _Russian researchers_

(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve & db=pubmed & dopt=Abstr\

act & list_uids=16404888 & query_hl=3 & itool=pubmed

_docsum) investigate iodine deficiency in areas polluted with fluoride from

air:

* " The excess intake of fluorine was shown to increase the incidence

of thyroid diseases and to lower anthropometric indices in children. The

preventive measures performed to eliminate iodine-deficiency disorders under

intensive ambient air pollution with fluorine compounds were found to be

insufficiently effective. "

 

==================================

REFERENCES:

Ahn CS, Rosenberg IN - " Iodine metabolism in thyroid slices - effects of

TSH, dibutyril cyclic 3',5'-AMP, NaF and prostaglandin E1 " Endocrinology

86(2):396-405 (1970)

Aliev Yu M - " Some biogeochemical characteristics of the environment in

Azerbaijan, USSR " Gig Sanit (8):103-104 (1976)

Anbar M, Guttman S, Lewitus Z - " Effect of monofluorosulphanate,

difluorophosphate, and F borate ions on the iodine uptake of the thyroid gland "

Nature

183:1517 (1959)

Anbar M, Guttman S, Lewitus Z- " The accumulation of fluoroborate ions in

thyroid glands of rats " Endocrinology 66:888 (1960)

(-> fluoroborate concentrates in thyroid gland, inhibits iodide transport)

Anon - " The specific features of the development of iodine deficiencies in

children living under environmental pollution with fluorine compounds " Gig

Sanit (6):53-5 (2005) _MEDLINE_

(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve & db=pubmed & dopt=Abstr\

act & list_uids=16404888 & query_hl=3 & itool=pubmed

_docsum)

Bachinskii PP, Gutsalenko OA, Naryzhniuk ND, Sidora VD, Shliakhta AI -

" Action of the body fluorine of healthy persons and thyroidopathy patients on

the

function of hypophyseal-thyroid the system " Probl Endokrinol (Mosk)

31(6):25-9 (1985)

(-> reduced T3, increased TSH and I131 uptake)

Balabolkin MI, Mikhailets ND, Lobovskaia RN, Chernousova NV - " The

interrelationship of the thyroid and immune statuses of workers with long-term

fluorine exposure " Ter Arkh 67(1):41-2(1995)

_Benagiano A, Fiorentini S_

(http://poisonfluoride.com/pfpc/html/benagiano_1955.html) - " Richerche

sperimentali e cliniche sui rapporrti tra fluore e

tirodi " Annali di Stomatol 4:3-16(1955)

Bobek S, Kahl S, Ewy Z - " Effect Of Long Term Fluoride Administration on

Thyroid Hormone Levels In Rats " Endocrinol Exp (Bratisl)10:289-295 (1976)

Bouaziz H, Ammar E, Ghorbel H, Ketata S, Jamoussi K, Ayadi F, Guermazi F,

Zeghal N - " Effect of fluoride ingested by lactating mice on thyroid function

and bone maturation of their suckling pups " Fluoride 37(2):133-142 (2004)

Brtko J, Knopp J, Baker ME - " Inhibition of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine binding

to its receptor in rat liver by protease inhibitors and substrates " Mol Cell

Endocrinol 93(1):81-6 (1993)

Burke G - " Comparison of thyrotropin and sodium fluoride effects on thyroid

adenyl cyclase " Endocrinology 86(2):346-52 (1970)

Casterra H - " Erfahrungen mit einem neuen organischen Fluorpräparat bei

Hyperthyreosen " Das Deutsche Gesundheitswesen 2(22):704-705 (1947)

(describes use of Knoll's " K 17 " - later named Capacin - in successful

treatment of over 500 hyperthyroid patients. K 17 =>

3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid)

Chang CY, Phillips PH, Hart EB, Bostedt G - J Dairy Sci 17:695 (1934)

Cristiani H - " Alteration de la glande thyroide dans l'intoxication fluoree "

Compt Rend Soc Biol 103:554-556 (1930)

Clark OH, Gerend PL - " Thyrotropin regulation of adenylate cyclase activity

in human thyroid neoplasms " Surgery 97(5):539-46 (1985)

Cristiani H - " Alteration de la glande thyroide dans l'intoxication fluoree "

Compt Rend Soc Biol 103:554-556 (1930)

Day TK, Powell-Jackson PR - " Fluoride, Water Hardness, and Endemic Goitre "

Lancet 1:1135-1138 (1972)

Delemer B, Dib K, Saunier B, Haye B, Jacquemin C, Correze C - " Alteration of

the functional activity of Gs protein in thyrotropin-desensitized pig

thyroid cells " Mol Cell Endocrinol 75(2):123-31 (1991)

Desai VK, Solanki DM, Bansal RK " Epidemiological study of goitre in endemic

fluorosis district of Gujarat " Fluoride 26(3):187-190 (1993)

Desai VK, Saxena DK, Bharsar BS, Kantharia SL - “Health survey of residents

of villages surrounding fluoride mines in relation to their drinking water

fluoride level†Abstracts, 13th Conference ISFR, New Delhi (1983)

Euler H, Eichler - “Ueber die Wirkung von Fluor in organischer Binding auf

das Zahnsystem der Ratte†Arch exper Path 199:179-187 (1942); also Dtsch Zahn

Hk 9(1) (1942)

Euler H, Eichler O, Hindemith H - " Ãœber die Wirkung einiger organischer

Fluoride bei chronischer Darreichung " Arch exp. Path u Pharmakol. Bd.206:75-82

(1949), also cited in: Steyn DG - The problem of dental caries and the

fluoridation of public water supplies - Johannisburg (1958)

(All organic fluoride compounds inhibit thyroid function, all compounds act

on glycogen/liver - activity only differentiated by amplitude)

Galletti PM, Joyet G - " Effect of fluoride on thyroidal iodine metabolism in

hyperthyroidism " J Clin Endocrinol 18:1102-1110 (1958)

Gautier - Bull Soc Chim 13:909 (1913), cited in: Kraft K - " Beiträge zur

Biochemie des Fluors I.Ãœber den Antagonismus zwischen Fluor und Thyroxin. "

Hoppe-Seglers Z.Physiol. Chem 245:58 -65 (1937)

Gautier - Bull Soc Chim 14:241 (1914); cited in: Kraft K - " Beiträge zur

Biochemie des Fluors I.Ãœber den Antagonismus zwischen Fluor und Thyroxin. "

Hoppe-Seglers Z.Physiol. Chem 245:58 -65 (1937)

Gedalia I, Brand N - " The relationship of fluoride and iodine in drinking

water in the occurrence of goiter " Arch Int Pharmacodyn 142:312-5 (1963)

Goldemberg L - " Action physiologique des fluorures " Compt Rend Soc Physiol

(Paris) 95:1169 (1926)

Goldemberg L - La Semana Med 28:628 (1921) - also cited in Wilson RH, DeEds

F - " The Synergistic Action Of Thyroid On Fluoride Toxicity " Endocrinology

26:851 (1940)

Goldemberg L - Compt Rend Soc Biol (Paris) 104:1031 (1930)

Goldemberg L - Revista de Especialidad, T.V. No.6 (1930)

Goldemberg L - J Physiol et Path 25:1 (1927)

Goldemberg, Pighini, Parhou & Goldstein - La glande thyr, in: Lehrbuch der

endokrin. Erkrankungen, Vol. 1, Genf, Ed. Christiani (1923)

Goldemberg L - Prens Med Argent (Oct. 1930, Dec. 1930)

Goldemberg L - " Traitement de la maladie de Basedow et de 'hyperthyroidisme

par le fluor " Presse Méd 102:1751 (1930)

Goldemberg L - J Physiol et Path 25:1 (1927); 26 (1928)

Goldemberg L - " Comment agiraient-ils therapeutiquement les fluoers dans le

goitre exopthalmique et dans l'hyperthyroidisme " Semana Med 39:1659 (1932)

Goldemberg & Schraiber - Revista de la Soc Argentin de Biol: Vol.

XI(1)(1935); Vol XI (2) (1935); Vol. XI (7) (1935)

Gordonoff T (Ed) - " Fluor und die Schilddrüse " , Toxikology des Fluors

(Toxicology of fluorine) Symposium, Ber, Oct.15-17 1962, Schwabe Verlag,

Basel/Stuttgart, pp.111-123 (1964)

Gordonoff T, Minder W - " Fluoride and the thyroid gland " in " World Review of

Nutrition and Dietetics " Pitman Medical Co, Vol 2:234-247 (1960)

Gordonoff T, Minder W - " Caries prophylaxis with fluorine as a physiological

problem " Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 82:972-973 (1952)

Gordonoff T - " Zum Fluorproblem " Osterr Z Stomatol 54:561:571 (1957)

Gorlitzer von Mundy V - Arch f. exper.Path 165 (1932)

Gorlitzer von Mundy V - " Die Beinflussung des Stoffwechsels durch die

Halogenwasserstoffsäuren im Tierexperiment, mit besonderer Berücksichtigung

der

Fluorwasserstoffsäure " Arch Exp Pathol 165:443- 461 (1932)

(describes his 1500 investigations on fluoride use in inhibition of met

amorphosis in tadpoles, mice experiments, etc., many pictures)

Gorlitzer von Mundy V - " Ein neuer Weg zur Behandlung der Thyreotoxikose

mit Fluorwasserstoffsäure " Med Klin 21: & 17-719 (1932)

(reports on the first successful use of baths containing HF in the treatment

of hyperthyroidism)

Gorlitzer von Mundy V - Wien Klin Wschr 48 (1933)

Gorlitzer von Mundy V - Med. Klin.47:911 (1952), cited in Gorlitzer von

Mundy, V - " Einfluss von Fluor und Jod auf den Stoffwechsel, insbesondere auf

die Schilddrüse " Münch Med Wochensschr 105:182-186 (1963)

Gorlitzer von Mundy, V - " Einfluss von Fluor und Jod auf den Stoffwechsel,

insbesondere auf die Schilddrüse " Münch Med Wochensschr 105:182-186 (1963);

also in Gordonoff, T. - Fluor und die Schilddrüse, Toxikology des Fluors

Basel/Stuttgart, pp.111-123 (1964)

Gorlitzer von Mundy V - J. Physiol.et Path gen 25:1 (1927) (3 mg NaF-

fluoride intake in rabbits and rats results in goiter and cretinism-like

conditions)

Guan ZZ, Zhuang ZJ, Yang PS, Pan S - " Synergistic action of

iodine-deficiency and fluorine-intoxication on rat thyroid " Chin Med J (Engl)

101(9):679-84

(1988)

Gupta SK, Khan TI, Gupta RC, Gupta AB, Gupta KC, Jain P, Gupta A - “

Compensatory hyperparathyroidism following high fluoride ingestion - a clinico

-

biochemical correlation“ Indian Pediatr 38(2):139-46 (2001)

_http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve & db=PubMed & list

_uids=11224578 & dopt=Abstract_

(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve & db=PubMed & list_uids=\

11224578 & dopt=Abstract)

Hatfield JD, Shrewsbury CL, Andrews FN, Doyle LP - " Iodine-fluorine

relationship in sheep nutrition " J Anim Sci 3:71-77 (1944)

Hillman D, Bolenbaugh DL, Convey EM - " Hypothyroidism and anemia related to

fluoride in dairy cattle " J Dairy Sci 62(3):416-23 (1979)

Jonderko G, Kita K, Pietrzak J, Primus-Slowinska B, Ruranska B,

Zylka-Wloszczyk M, Straszecka J - " Effect of subchronic sodium fluoride

poisoning on the

thyroid gland of rabbits with normal and increased supply of iodine "

Endokrynol Pol 34(3):195-203 (1983)

Jentzer A - " Action du fluor sur le relais thyroidenhypophysaire demontree

par l'iode 131 " Bull Schweiz Akad Med Wiss 10:211-220 (1954)

(Less than normal amounts of thyroid hormone are deposited in the pituitary

gland when rabbits are given fluoride in water at levels corresponding to

that of artificially fluoridated water)

Jentzer, A - " Effet du fluor et du fluor-iod sur la teneur en iode de la

thyroide de lapin " Bull Schweiz Akad Med Wiss 15:412-422 (1959).

(In rabbits fed 0.05mg F- per day [!] iodine content in thyroid was reduced

by 25%. Also showed that the iodine uptake in the pituitary gland was greatly

reduced under the influence of fluoride)

Jooste PL, Weight MJ, Kriek JA, Louw AJ - “Endemic goitre in the absence of

iodine deficiency in

schoolchildren of the Northern Cape Province of South

Africa†Eur J Clin Nutr 53(1):8-12 (1999)

Kalderon AE, Sheth V - " Secretion and adenylate cyclase in thyroid nodules "

Arch Pathol Lab Med 102(7):381-86 (1978)

Kraft K - " Beiträge zur Biochemie des Fluors I.Über den Antagonismus

zwischen Fluor und Thyroxin. " Hoppe-Seglers Z.Physiol. Chem 245:58 -65 (1937)

Kraft K - " Ãœber die Synthese einiger aromatischer Fluorverbindungen " Knoll

Research, Chem Ber. 84(2):150-156 (1951)

(describes manufacturing processes of numerous organic fluorides, after it

was shown that all organic fluoride compounds displayed stronger anti-thyroid

activity than the fluoride ion)

Kraft K, Dengel F - " Ãœber die Synthese einiger aromatischer

Fluorverbindungen, II. Mitteilung " Chem Ber 85(6):577-582 (1952)

(more reports on fluorophenyl/organic fluoride investigations... " in regards

to their characteristics in lowering BMR... " )

Lin Fa-Fu, Aihaiti, Zhao Hong-Xin, Lin Jin, Jiang Ji-Yong, Maimaiti, and

Aiken - " The Relationship of a Low-Iodine and High-Fluoride Environment to

Subclinical Cretinism in Xinjiang " ICCIDD Newsletter, Volume 7 Number 3 August

(1991)

_http://64.177.90.157/science/html/lin_fa-fu.html_

(http://64.177.90.157/science/html/lin_fa-fu.html)

Litzka G - " Die experimentellen Grundlagen der Behandlung des Morbus Basedow

und der Hyperthyreose mittels Fluortyrosin " Med Wochenschr 63:1037-1040

(1937)

(discusses the basis of the use of fluorides in anti-thyroid medication,

documents activity on liver, skeletal muscle, inhibition of glycolysis, etc.)

Litzka G - " Erfolgskontrolle bei Behandlung der Schilddrüsenüberfunktion " Z.

klin. Med.131:791-799 (1937)

Litzka G - " Die antithyreotoxische Wirkung des Fluortyrosins " Arch. exp.

Pathol. u. Pharmakol. 183:436-458 (1936)

Litzka G - " Fluortyrosine " Klin Wochenschr. 15:1568-1569 (1936)

Macchia V, Mandato E, Carella C, Pisano G, Biscaglia G - " The adenylate

cyclase-cyclic cAMP-phosphodiesterase system in pathological human thyroid " J

Endocrinol Invest 1(4):337-45 (1978)

Machioro - Riforma Med p.1436 (1932); Ref. Zbl.68, p.515 (1932); also cited

in Purjesz et al, 1934

Mahmood Bhat GH - " Effect of fluoride ions on the thyroid glands of guinea

pigs " JK Practitioner International 3(2): 94-6 (1996)

Maumené E - " Experiencé pour déterminer l'action des fluores sur l'economie

animale " Compt Rend Acad Sci (Paris) 39:538-539 (1854)

May W - " Antagonismus zwischen Jod und Fluor im Organismus " Klin Wochenschr

14:790-792 (1935)

May W - " Behandlung the Hyperthyreosen einschliesslich des schweren genuinen

Morbus Basedow mit Fluor " Klin Wochenschr 16:562-564 (1937)

May W - “Eine neue interne Behandlung der Hyperthyreosen einschliesslich des

Morbus Basedow†Verhandlungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft fuer Innere

Medizin, 49. Kongress, Wiesbaden March 15 - 18, 1937, publ. Munich (1937)

May W - " Die Basedowsche Krankheit " Aulendorf (1950)

May R - " Untersuchungen über den Fluorgehalt des Trinkwasseres in

bayerischen Kropfgebieten verschiedener Endemiestärke " Z. Ges. Exp. Med

107:450 (1940)

May R - " Therapie mit organischen Fluorverbindungen " Med Wochenschr 4:489-490

(1950)

May Richard - " Erfahrungen in der Behandlung von Hyperthyreose- und

Basedow-Kranken mit einer organischen Fluorverbindung

(Fluoroxyphenylessigsäure,

'Capacin') " Deutsche Med. Wochenschr.74(12):374-375 (1949)

(reviews the highly successful use of organic fluoride compounds Pardinon

and Capacin in treatment of hyperthyroidism - up to 1943 already over 10,000

patients treated...)

May Wilhelm - " Fluor als Therapeuticum " Arzneimittel Forschung 1:33-37

(1951)

(Review on fluoride as a therapeutic agent...discusses fluoride Goldemberg's

1926 use in treatment of whooping cough (-> Pertussin - G(i) proteins),

Goldemberg's prioneering work in 1928 in the treatment of hyperthyroidism,

etc..., as well as his son's - Richard May - decision in 1949 to recommened use

of

fluoride compounds as an anti-caries prophylaxis...discusses fluoroform as

whooping cough (pertussis) medication, difluorophenyl compounds as

wound-disinfectants such as " Epidermin " , another fluorophenyl compound called

" Fluor-rheumin " against rheumatism, etc.)

May H, Litzka G - “Über die Hemmung des Tumorwachstums durch Fluortyrosine "

Z. Krebsforschung 48:376 - 382 (1939)

May W - " Eine neue interne Behandlung der Hyperthyreosen einschließlich des

Morbus Basedow " Diskussionsvortrag, Verhandlungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft

für innere Medizin, 49.Kongress, Wiesbaden, March 15-18, 1937,

München(1937)

May W - " Die Behandlung der Hyperthyeosen mit Fluortyrosine " Deutsch Med

Wochenschr 68:164 (1942)

May W, Schwartz E - Fortschr Med 28:9 (1932); also cited in: Kraft K

- " Beiträge zur Biochemie des Fluors I. Über den Antagonismus zwischen Fluor

und

Thyroxin " Hoppe-Seglers Z.Physiol. Chem 245:58 -65 (1937)

_McKay_ (http://poisonfluoride.com/pfpc/html/mckay_1918.html) , FS - " Pro

gress of the year in the investigation of mottled enamel with special reference

to its association with artesian water " J Natl Dental Assn 5:721 (1918)

Mikhailets ND, Balabolkin MI, Rakitin VA, Danilov IP - " Thyroid function

during prolonged exposure to fluorides. " Problemy Endokrinologii 42 (1):6-9

(1996)

* " Thyroid function was examined in 165 workers of electrolysis shops

of aluminum production with more or less expressed signs of chronic fluoride

intoxication (fluorosis) by radioimmunoassay of hormones and the test of 131I

absorption by the thyroid. The detected thyroid abnormalities were

characterized by a moderate reduction of iodine-absorbing function of the

thyroid, low

T3 with normal T4 level, and a slight increase of TTH concentration. These

changes augmented with longer service and fluorosis progress. Hence, the

syndrome of low T3 and reduced absorption of 131I may be considered as

diagnostic

signs of fluorosis. In case of toxic involvement of the liver in fluorosis

patients, low T3 syndrome is observed much more frequently: in 75.6% cases.

Liver abnormalities evidently lead to disorders in the peripheral conversion of

T4 in T3, occurring primarily in liver parenchyma. Indirect effect of

fluorine on the enzymatic system of deiodination cannot be ruled out as well. "

 

Mizukami Y, Matsubara F, Matsukawa S - " Localization of adenylate cyclase

and 5'-nucleotidase activities in human thyroid follicular cells "

Histochemistry 74(1):9-19(1982)

Monti M, Hedner P, Ikomi-Kumm J, Valdemarsson S - " Erythrocyte metabolism in

hyperthyroidism: a microcalorimetric study on changes in the Embden-Meyerhof

and the hexose monophosphate pathways " Acta Endocrinol (Copenh)

115(1):87-90(1987)

Narbutt B, Romer TE, Grabski J, Szymik N - " Influence of natrium fluoride on

the structure of the rat thyroid " Endocrynol Pol 22 (5):445-451 (1971)

Nasse O - " Beitraege zur Physiologie der contractilen Substanz " Pfluegers

Archiv fuer Physiologie 2: 97-121 (1869)

Negoita S, Swamp L, Kelley B, Carpenter DO - " Chronic diseases surveillance

of St. Regis Mohawk Health Service patients " J Public Health Manag Pract

7(1):84-91 (2001)

Orgiazzi J, Chopra IJ, Solomon DH, Williams DE - " Comparison of the effect

of TSH and fluoride on the adenylate cyclase activity of cold thyroid

nodules " Ann Endocrinol (Paris) 37(2):107-8 (1976)

Orlowski W- " Sur la valeur therapeutique du sang animal du bore et du fluor

dans la maladie de Basedow " La Presse Medicale 42:836-837 (1932)

Paloyan Walker R, Kazuko E, Gopalsami C, Bassali J, Lawrence AM, Paloyan E -

“Hyperparathyroidism associated with a chronic hypothyroid stateâ€

Laryngoscope 1107(7):903-9 (1997)

Pastan I, Macchia V, Katzen R - " Effect of fluoride on metabolic activity of

thyroid slices " Endocrinology 83(1):157-60 (1968)

Phillips PH, English HE, Hart EB - " The influence of sodium fluoride upon

the basal metabolism of the rat under several experimental conditions " Am J

Physiol 113:441-449 (1935)

[First evidence that fluoride mimicks TSH. Also, when 5.2mg of NaF (2.34 F-)

was added to diet of rats fed desiccated thyroid, effects were dramatically

potentiated leading to rapid weight loss and death: F- and thyroid have

synergistic effects...]

Phillips PH - " The manifestations of scurvy-like symptoms induced by

ingestion of sodium fluoride " J Biol Chem 100:29 (1933)

Phillips PH - " Further studies on the effects of NaF administration upon the

basal metabolic rate of experimental animals " Am J Physiol 117:155-159(1936)

(F- and thyroid have synergistic effects)

Phillips PH, Edens RJ - " Fluorgehalt d. Schilddrüse in Fällen von

Hyperthyreoase " Madison Diskussion, Biblioth.d Forsch. Knoll (in May, 1950)

Phillips PH, Lamb AR - " " Histology of certain organs and teeth in chronic

toxicosis due to fluorine " Arch Path 17:169 (1934)

Phillips PH, English H, Hart NB - " The augmentation of fluorosis in the chick

by feeding desiccated thyroid " J Nutrition 10:399 (1935), cited in:Harris

NO, Hayes RL - " A tracer study of the effects of acute and chronic exposure to

sodium fluoride on the thyroid iodine metabolism of rats " J Dent Res 34:470-477

(1955)

(F- and thyroid have synergistic effects)

Pighini G - " Il gozzo endemico e la sua etiologia in funzionie

disfunzionitiroidee " Publicato per cura dell'Institute Sieroterapico, Milano

p.41 (1923),

also cited in Roholm K - " Fluoride Intoxication, London, C.K. Clarke and Co,

(1937) ( F- inhibits thyroid function/cause of goiter.)

Purjesz B, Berkessy L, Gönczi K, Kovacs-Oskolas M - " Über die biologische

Speicherung der halogenen Elemente in Hühnereiern und im tierischen

Organismus "

Arch Exp Pathol Pharmakol 176:578-582 (1934)

(describes accumulation of fluoride in chicken eggs; gave such eggs to

Basedow patients and achieved lowering of body temperature, pulse and BMR, as

well

as weight gain; found that most of the fluoride was found in liver; found NO

fluoride in the blood of healthy people -> 1934)

Ren DL, Liu Y, An Q - " An investigation of intelligence development of

children aged 8-14 years in high-fluoride and low-iodine areas. " Chinese J of

Control of Endemic Diseases 4:251-254 (1989)

Ritzel G - " Thyroxinstoffwechsel und Trinkwasser-fluoridierung " Int Z

Vitaminforsch 34:422-426 (1964)

Reynolds Metals Corp vs. Paul Martin et al - Transcript of Record. US Court

of Appeals, Ninth District, Nos.14990-14992 (1952) (Court case: Family of

three residing near aluminum smelter in Troutdale, Oregon. Litigation of this

case revealed muscular pains, general fatigue, arthritis in conjunction with

liver and kidney damage, and hypothyroidism.)

Rodesch F, Neve, P, Willems C, Dumont JE - " Stimulation of thyroid

metabolism by thyrotropin, cyclic 3',5'-AMP, dibutyryl cyclic 3',5'-AMP and

prostaglandin E1 " Eur J Biochem 8(1):26-32 (1969)

Ruiz-Payan A, Duarte-Gardea M, Ortiz M, Hurtado R - " Chronic effects of

fluoride on growth, blood chemistry, and thyroid hormones in adolescents

residing

in three communities in Northern Mexico " Abstracts, XXVIth ISFR Conference,

Wiesbaden, Germany, September 26-29, 2005

Schwarz - Med. Klin. 5 (1941);cited in May, 1950

Shen X, Zhang Z, Xu X - “Influence of combined iodine and fluoride on

phospholipid and fatty acid composition in brain cells of rats“ Wei Sheng Yan

Jiu

33(2):158-61 (2004)

_http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve & db=pubmed & dopt=

Abstract & list_uids=15208994_

(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve & db=pubmed & dopt=Abstr\

act & list_uids=15208994)

(re:antagonistic relationship of iodine and fluoride on phospholipid and

fatty acid composition in brain cells of rats)

Siddiqui AH - “Incidence of Simple Goiter in Areas of Endemic Fluorosis in

Nalgonda District, Andhra Pradesh, India†Fluoride 2 (4):Pages 192 - 249

(1969)

Sidora VD, Shliakhta AI, Iugov VK, Kas'ianenko AS, Piatenko VG - " Indices of

the pituitary-thyroid system in residents of cities with various fluorine

concentrations in drinking water " Probl Endokrinol (Mosk) 29(4):32-5 (1983)

Spira L - " Fluorine-induced endocrine disturbances in mental illness " Folia

Psychiat Neurol Jap 16:4-14 (1962) NLM CIT. ID: 62182027

Suketa Y - “Fundamental and applied studies on transport and metabolism of

electrolytes and glucose--aim to contact with molecular biology†Yakugaku

Zasshi 122(8):507-25 (2002)

_http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve & db=pubmed & dopt=

Abstract & list_uids=12187767_

(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve & db=pubmed & dopt=Abstr\

act & list_uids=12187767)

Steyn DG - “Water poisoning in man and animal, together with a discussion on

urinary calculi†Onderstepoort J Vet Sci Animal Ind 12:167-230 (1939)

Steyn DG - " Fluoride and endemic goitre " S Afr Med J 22:525-526 (1948)

Steyn DG, Kieser J, Odendaal WA, Malherbe MA, Synan HW, Sunkel W, Naude CP,

Klintworth H, Fisher E - " Endemic goitre in the Union of South Africa and

some neighbouring territories " Pretoria:Union of South Africa, Department of

Nutrition (March 1955)

Steyn DG - " The problem of dental caries and the fluoridation of public

water supplies " Johannisburg (1958)

Steyn DG - " Chronic fluorine poisoning caused by the drinking of

subterranean waters containing excessive quantities of fluorine " in: Gordonoff,

T. -

Fluor und die Schilddrüse, Toxikology des Fluors Basel/Stuttgart (1964)

Steyn DG - " Once More - Fluoridation " Review

Chief Research Officer, Division of Life Sciences, Atomic Energy Board,

Pretoria, Republic of South Africa, (Emeritus Professor of Pharmacology,

University of Pretoria) University of Pretoria NUWE REEKS No.24 (1964)

Susheela AK, Bhatnagar M, Vig K, Mondal NK - " Excess fluoride ingestion and

thyroid hormone derangements in children living in Delhi, India " Fluoride

38(2):98-108 (2005)

Swarup D, Dwivedi SK, Dey S, Ray SK - " Fluoride intoxication in bovines due

to industrial pollution " Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 68 (7):605-608

(1998), also in _Fluoride 31(4):225_

(http://www.fluoride-journal.com/98-31-4/314-225a.htm) (1998)

Tezelman S, Shaver JK, Grossman RF, Liang W, Siperstein AE, Duh QY, Clark OH

- " Desensitization of adenylate cyclase in Chinese hamster ovary cells

transfected with human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor " Endocrinology

134(3):1561-9 (1994)

(Fluorides cause insensitization (decreased response) of the TSH receptor).

Toccafondi RS, Rotella CM, Tanini A, Fani P, Arcangeli P -

" Thyrotrophin-responsive adenylate cyclase activity in thyroid toxic adenoma "

Acta Endocrinol

(Copenh) 92(4):658-68 (1979) - Practioner 129:2 (1932), also cited in May, 1950

Tokar' VI, Voroshnin VV, Sherbakov SV - " Chronic effects of fluorides on the

pituitary-thyroid system in industrial workers " Gig Tr Prof Zabol (9):19-22

(1989)

Tokar' VI, Savchenko ON - " Effect of inorganic fluorine compounds on the

functional state of the pituitary-testis system " Probl Endokrinol (Mosk)

23(4):104-7 (1977)

Travbesli M, Guermazi F, Zeghal N - " Effect of fluoride on thyroid function

and cerebellar development in mice "

Fluoride 34(3):165-173 (2001) _FULL TEXT_

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