Pentagon Poised To Resume Open Air Weapons Testing (Chemtrails)

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Pentagon Poised To Resume Open Air Weapons Testing

 

 

Submitted by MichaelVail on Tue, 2007-12-04 01:24.

 

http://www.thought-criminal.org/article/node/1027

 

 

1984

aerial dispersion

anthrax

Big Brother

Brave New World

CBW

chemical and biological warfare

chemtrails

Chris Isleib

field testing

Ministry of Love

Ministry of Peace

Ministry of Truth

open-air testing

pentagon

Spotlight

TheProles

 

ScoopPosted: 2007-12-03 19:21:46

The Pentagon has denied President Bush issued a directive for it to resume open-air testing of chemical and biological warfare(CBW) agents that were halted by President Richard Nixon in 1969. Yet, the Pentagon's stated preparations make it appear it is poised to do just that.

Spokesperson Chris Isleib did not respond to a request for comment on a passage from the Defense Department's annual report sent to Congress last April that suggests the Pentagon is gearing up to resume the tests.

Resumption of open-air testing would reverse a long-standing moratorium adopted after a public outcry against them following accidents in the Sixties.

The Pentagon's annual report apparently calls for both the developmental and operational "field testing of (CBW) full systems," not just simulations.

The Pentagon's report to Congress contains the following passage: "More than thirty years have passed since outdoor live-agent chemical tests were banned in the United States, and the last outdoor test with live chemical agent was performed, so much of the infrastructure for the field testing of chemical detectors no longer exists or is seriously outdated. The currently budgeted improvements in the T & E infrastructure will greatly enhance both the developmental and operational field testing of full systems, with better simulated representation of threats and characterization of system response.T & E" is an acronym for testing and evaluation.

"Either the military has resumed open-air testing already or they are preparing to do so," said Francis Boyle, a University of Illinois Professor of International Law who authored the implementing legislation for the U.S. Biological Weapons Convention signed into law by President George Bush Sr. and who has tracked subsequent developments closely.

"I am stunned by the nature of this development," Boyle said. "This is a major reversal of policy." The 1972 treaty against germ warfare, which the U.S. signed, forbids developing weapons that spread disease, such as anthrax, a pathogen that is regarded by the military as "ideal" for conducting germ warfare.

"The Pentagon is fully prepared to launch biological warfare by means of anthrax," Boyle charged. "All the equipment has been acquired and all the training conducted and most combat-ready members of U.S. armed forces have been given protective equipment and vaccines that allegedly would protect them from that agent."

Open-air testing takes research into deadly agents out of the laboratories in order to study their effectiveness, including their aerial dispersion patterns, and whether they actually infect and kill in field trials. Since the anthrax attacks on Congress in October, 2001, the Bush administration has funded a vast biological research expansion at hundreds of private and university laboratories in the U.S. and abroad involving anthrax and other deadly pathogens.

The anthrax attacks killed five people, including two postal workers, injured 17 others and temporarily shut down the operations of the U.S. Congress, Supreme Court, and other Federal entities.

Although a Federal statute permits the president to authorize open-air testing of CBW agents, Boyle said this "does not solve the compliance problem that it might violate the international Chemical Weapons Convention and the Biological Weapons Convention as well as their related domestic implementing legislation making such violations crimes."

Boyle charged the U.S. is already "in breach" of both conventions and also of U.S. domestic criminal law implementing them. In February, 2003, for example, the U.S. granted itself a patent on an illegal, long-range biological-weapons grenade, evidently for offensive purposes.

Boyle said the development of anthrax for possible offensive purposes is underscored by the government's efforts "to try to stockpile anthrax vaccines and antibiotics for 25-million plus Americans to protect the civilian population in the event there is any 'blowback' from the use of anthrax in biowarfare abroad by the Pentagon."

"In theory," Boyle added, "you cannot wage biowarfare abroad unless you can protect your civilian population from either retaliation in kind, or blowback, or both." Under Project BioShield, Homeland Security is spending $5.6 billion to stockpile vaccines and drugs to fight anthrax, smallpox, and other bioterror agents. The project had been marked by delays and operational problems and on December 12th last year Congress passed legislation to pump another $1 billion into BioShield to fund three years of additional research by the private sector.

Boyle said evidence the U.S. has super-weapons-grade anthrax was demonstrated in the October, 2001, anthrax mail attacks on Senators Thomas Daschle(D-S.D.) and Patrick Leahy(D-Vt.) The strain of highly sophisticated anthrax employed has allegedly been traced back to the primary U.S. Army biological warfare campus at Ft. Detrick, Md. The attacks killed five persons and sickened 17 others. A current effort to expand Ft. Detrick has sparked widespread community opposition, according to a report in the Baltimore Sun.

"Obviously, someone working for the United States government has a stockpile of super-weapons grade anthrax that can be used again domestically for the purposes of political terrorism or abroad to wage offensive warfare," Boyle said.

The Associated Press has reported the U.S. Army is replacing its Military Institute of Infectious Diseases at Ft. Detrick "with a new laboratory that would be a component of a biodefense campus operated by several agencies." The Army told AP the laboratory is intended to continue research solely for defense against biological threats.

Undercutting the argument U.S. research is for "defensive" purposes is the fact government scientists have been creating new strains of pathogens for which there is no known cure. Richard Novick, a professor of microbiology at New York University, has stated, "I cannot envision any imaginable justification for changing the antigenicity of anthrax as a defensive measure." Changing a pathogen's antigenicity means altering its basic structure so that existing vaccines will prove ineffective against it.

Biological warfare involves the use of living organisms for military purposes. Such weapons can be viral, bacterial, and fungal, among other forms, and can be spread over a large geographic terrain by wind, water, insect, animal, or human transmission, according to Jeremy Rifkin, author of "The Biotech Century"(Penguin).

Boyle said the Federal government has been plowing money into upgrading Ft. Detrick, Md., and other CBW facilities where such pathogens are studied, developed, tested, and stored. By some estimates, the U.S. since 2002 has invested some $43 billion in hundreds of government, commercial, and university laboratories in the U.S. for the study of pathogens that might be used for biological warfare.

According to Rutgers University molecular biologist Richard Ebright, more than 300 scientific institutions and 12,000 individuals have access to pathogens suitable for biowarfare and terrorism. Ebright found that the Number of National Institute of Health grants to research infectious diseases with biowarfare potential shot up from 33 in the 1995-2000 period to 497 by 2006.Ebright has stated the government's tenfold expansion of Biosafety Level-4 laboratories, such as those at Fort Detrick, raises the risk of accidents and the diversion of dangerous organisms. "If a worker in one of these facilities removes a single viral particle or a single cell, which cannot be detected or prevented, that single particle or cell can form the basis of an outbreak."

During the Cold War era, notably in the Fifties and Sixties, various Government agencies engaged in open-air CBW testing on U.S. soil and on naval vessels at sea to study the effects of weaponized pathogens. U.S. cities, including New York, Chicago, and San Francisco, were among the targets and sickness and even a number of deaths were reported as a result.

According to an article titled "Lethal Breeze" by Lee Davidson in the Deseret News of Salt Lake City of June 5, 1994, "In decades of secret chemical arms tests, the Army released into Utah winds more than a half million pounds of deadly nerve agents." Among them, he said, was VX, a pinhead-sized drop of which can be lethal. The tests were conducted at Dugway Proving Ground but Davidson said the evidence suggests "some (agents) may have escaped with the wind."

Pentagon documents obtained by the News listed 1,635 field trials or demonstrations with nerve agents VX, GA and GB between 1951 and 1969, "when the Army discontinued use of actual nerve agents in open-air tests after escaped nerve gas apparently killed 6,000 sheep in Skull Valley," Davidson wrote. The Skull Valley strike also sickened a rancher and members of his family.

Boyle has previously charged the Pentagon with "gearing up to fight and 'win' biological warfare" pursuant to two Bush national strategy directives adopted in 2002 "without public knowledge and review." He contends the Pentagon's Chemical and Biological Defense program was revised in 2003 to implement those directives, endorsing "first-use" strike of chemical and biological weapons in war.

The implementing legislation Boyle wrote that was enacted unanimously by Congress was known as the Biological Weapons Anti-Terrorism Act of 1989. Boyle has written extensively on the subject. Among his published works are "Biowarfare and Terrorism" and "Destroying World Order: U.S. Imperialism In the Middle East Before and After September 11th," both from Clarity Press.

 

[Guest guest]

, " Raven " <NWRaven

wrote:

>

> Pentagon Poised To Resume Open Air Weapons Testing

> Submitted by MichaelVail on Tue, 2007-12-04 01:24.

>

> http://www.thought-criminal.org/article/node/1027

> 1984

> aerial dispersion

> anthrax

> Big Brother

> Brave New World

> CBW

> chemical and biological warfare

> chemtrails

> Chris Isleib

> field testing

> Ministry of Love

> Ministry of Peace

> Ministry of Truth

> open-air testing

> pentagon

> Spotlight

> TheProles

> Scoop

> Posted: 2007-12-03 19:21:46

> The Pentagon has denied President Bush issued a directive for it

to resume open-air testing of chemical and biological warfare(CBW)

agents that were halted by President Richard Nixon in 1969. Yet, the

Pentagon's stated preparations make it appear it is poised to do

just that.

> Spokesperson Chris Isleib did not respond to a request for comment

on a passage from the Defense Department's annual report sent to

Congress last April that suggests the Pentagon is gearing up to

resume the tests.

> Resumption of open-air testing would reverse a long-standing

moratorium adopted after a public outcry against them following

accidents in the Sixties.

> The Pentagon's annual report apparently calls for both the

developmental and operational " field testing of (CBW) full systems, "

not just simulations.

> The Pentagon's report to Congress contains the following

passage: " More than thirty years have passed since outdoor live-

agent chemical tests were banned in the United States, and the last

outdoor test with live chemical agent was performed, so much of the

infrastructure for the field testing of chemical detectors no longer

exists or is seriously outdated. The currently budgeted improvements

in the T & E infrastructure will greatly enhance both the

developmental and operational field testing of full systems, with

better simulated representation of threats and characterization of

system response. " " T & E " is an acronym for testing and evaluation.

> " Either the military has resumed open-air testing already or they

are preparing to do so, " said Francis Boyle, a University of

Illinois Professor of International Law who authored the

implementing legislation for the U.S. Biological Weapons Convention

signed into law by President George Bush Sr. and who has tracked

subsequent developments closely.

> " I am stunned by the nature of this development, " Boyle

said. " This is a major reversal of policy. " The 1972 treaty against

germ warfare, which the U.S. signed, forbids developing weapons that

spread disease, such as anthrax, a pathogen that is regarded by the

military as " ideal " for conducting germ warfare.

> " The Pentagon is fully prepared to launch biological warfare by

means of anthrax, " Boyle charged. " All the equipment has been

acquired and all the training conducted and most combat-ready

members of U.S. armed forces have been given protective equipment

and vaccines that allegedly would protect them from that agent. "

> Open-air testing takes research into deadly agents out of the

laboratories in order to study their effectiveness, including their

aerial dispersion patterns, and whether they actually infect and

kill in field trials. Since the anthrax attacks on Congress in

October, 2001, the Bush administration has funded a vast biological

research expansion at hundreds of private and university

laboratories in the U.S. and abroad involving anthrax and other

deadly pathogens.

> The anthrax attacks killed five people, including two postal

workers, injured 17 others and temporarily shut down the operations

of the U.S. Congress, Supreme Court, and other Federal entities.

> Although a Federal statute permits the president to authorize open-

air testing of CBW agents, Boyle said this " does not solve the

compliance problem that it might violate the international Chemical

Weapons Convention and the Biological Weapons Convention as well as

their related domestic implementing legislation making such

violations crimes. "

> Boyle charged the U.S. is already " in breach " of both conventions

and also of U.S. domestic criminal law implementing them. In

February, 2003, for example, the U.S. granted itself a patent on an

illegal, long-range biological-weapons grenade, evidently for

offensive purposes.

> Boyle said the development of anthrax for possible offensive

purposes is underscored by the government's efforts " to try to

stockpile anthrax vaccines and antibiotics for 25-million plus

Americans to protect the civilian population in the event there is

any 'blowback' from the use of anthrax in biowarfare abroad by the

Pentagon. "

> " In theory, " Boyle added, " you cannot wage biowarfare abroad

unless you can protect your civilian population from either

retaliation in kind, or blowback, or both. " Under Project BioShield,

Homeland Security is spending $5.6 billion to stockpile vaccines and

drugs to fight anthrax, smallpox, and other bioterror agents. The

project had been marked by delays and operational problems and on

December 12th last year Congress passed legislation to pump another

$1 billion into BioShield to fund three years of additional research

by the private sector.

> Boyle said evidence the U.S. has super-weapons-grade anthrax was

demonstrated in the October, 2001, anthrax mail attacks on Senators

Thomas Daschle(D-S.D.) and Patrick Leahy(D-Vt.) The strain of highly

sophisticated anthrax employed has allegedly been traced back to the

primary U.S. Army biological warfare campus at Ft. Detrick, Md. The

attacks killed five persons and sickened 17 others. A current effort

to expand Ft. Detrick has sparked widespread community opposition,

according to a report in the Baltimore Sun.

> " Obviously, someone working for the United States government has a

stockpile of super-weapons grade anthrax that can be used again

domestically for the purposes of political terrorism or abroad to

wage offensive warfare, " Boyle said.

> The Associated Press has reported the U.S. Army is replacing its

Military Institute of Infectious Diseases at Ft. Detrick " with a new

laboratory that would be a component of a biodefense campus operated

by several agencies. " The Army told AP the laboratory is intended to

continue research solely for defense against biological threats.

> Undercutting the argument U.S. research is for " defensive "

purposes is the fact government scientists have been creating new

strains of pathogens for which there is no known cure. Richard

Novick, a professor of microbiology at New York University, has

stated, " I cannot envision any imaginable justification for changing

the antigenicity of anthrax as a defensive measure. " Changing a

pathogen's antigenicity means altering its basic structure so that

existing vaccines will prove ineffective against it.

> Biological warfare involves the use of living organisms for

military purposes. Such weapons can be viral, bacterial, and fungal,

among other forms, and can be spread over a large geographic terrain

by wind, water, insect, animal, or human transmission, according to

Jeremy Rifkin, author of " The Biotech Century " (Penguin).

> Boyle said the Federal government has been plowing money into

upgrading Ft. Detrick, Md., and other CBW facilities where such

pathogens are studied, developed, tested, and stored. By some

estimates, the U.S. since 2002 has invested some $43 billion in

hundreds of government, commercial, and university laboratories in

the U.S. for the study of pathogens that might be used for

biological warfare.

> According to Rutgers University molecular biologist Richard

Ebright, more than 300 scientific institutions and 12,000

individuals have access to pathogens suitable for biowarfare and

terrorism. Ebright found that the Number of National Institute of

Health grants to research infectious diseases with biowarfare

potential shot up from 33 in the 1995-2000 period to 497 by

2006.Ebright has stated the government's tenfold expansion of

Biosafety Level-4 laboratories, such as those at Fort Detrick,

raises the risk of accidents and the diversion of dangerous

organisms. " If a worker in one of these facilities removes a single

viral particle or a single cell, which cannot be detected or

prevented, that single particle or cell can form the basis of an

outbreak. "

> During the Cold War era, notably in the Fifties and Sixties,

various Government agencies engaged in open-air CBW testing on U.S.

soil and on naval vessels at sea to study the effects of weaponized

pathogens. U.S. cities, including New York, Chicago, and San

Francisco, were among the targets and sickness and even a number of

deaths were reported as a result.

> According to an article titled " Lethal Breeze " by Lee Davidson in

the Deseret News of Salt Lake City of June 5, 1994, " In decades of

secret chemical arms tests, the Army released into Utah winds more

than a half million pounds of deadly nerve agents. " Among them, he

said, was VX, a pinhead-sized drop of which can be lethal. The tests

were conducted at Dugway Proving Ground but Davidson said the

evidence suggests " some (agents) may have escaped with the wind. "

> Pentagon documents obtained by the News listed 1,635 field trials

or demonstrations with nerve agents VX, GA and GB between 1951 and

1969, " when the Army discontinued use of actual nerve agents in open-

air tests after escaped nerve gas apparently killed 6,000 sheep in

Skull Valley, " Davidson wrote. The Skull Valley strike also sickened

a rancher and members of his family.

> Boyle has previously charged the Pentagon with " gearing up to

fight and 'win' biological warfare " pursuant to two Bush national

strategy directives adopted in 2002 " without public knowledge and

review. " He contends the Pentagon's Chemical and Biological Defense

program was revised in 2003 to implement those directives,

endorsing " first-use " strike of chemical and biological weapons in

war.

> The implementing legislation Boyle wrote that was enacted

unanimously by Congress was known as the Biological Weapons Anti-

Terrorism Act of 1989. Boyle has written extensively on the subject.

Among his published works are " Biowarfare and Terrorism "

and " Destroying World Order: U.S. Imperialism In the Middle East

Before and After September 11th, " both from Clarity Press.

>