Activation of innate host defense mechanisms by Borrelia.

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Activation of innate host defense mechanisms by

Borrelia.

 

Eur Cytokine Netw. 2010 Mar 1;21(1):7-18.

 

Activation of innate host defense mechanisms by Borrelia.

 

Berende A, Oosting M, Kullberg BJ, Netea MG, Joosten LA.

 

Department of Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical

Center, Nijmegen, Nijmegen Institute for Infection, Inflammation

and Immunity (N4i), Department of Internal Medicine, Jeroen Bosch

Hospital, 's Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands.

 

Borrelia is the causative agent of Lyme disease, a widespread

disease with important health consequences. Immune-mediated

mechanisms are believed to play a major role in both host defense

and in late complications of Lyme disease.

Recognition of Borrelia and the initial activation of the innate

immune system are important for host defense, as well as

modulation of adaptive responses.

Several classes of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) have been

suggested to be involved in the recognition of Borrelia:

Toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD-like receptors (NLRs) and C-type

lectin receptors (CLRs). TLR2 has been found to be the most

important receptor of the TLRs. The intracellular receptor NOD2,

a member of the NLRs, might also play an important role in

recognition. Mannose receptor is also involved in Borrelia

recognition, but little is known about other CLRs such as

dectin-1. After PRRs have recognized Borrelia, a signaling

cascade is induced that leads to transcription of NF-kappaB,

resulting in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines.

Understanding these pathways provides not only a better insight

into the pathogenesis, but also provides potential, novel,

therapeutic targets during active disease or post-infection

complications.

 

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PMID: 20146985 [PubMed - in process]