THE THYROID, THYROID HORMONES, & FLUORIDES

[Guest guest]

THE THYROID, THYROID HORMONES,

& FLUORIDES

©2001 PFPC

http://bruha.com/science/html/f-___thyroid_i.html

 

Part 1: A to L

Part 2: M to Z

 

All fluoride compounds - inorganic and organic - affect

thyroid hormone function.

 

© PFPC 2000

 

Here are several hundred studies showing this in great detail, with

links to a few thousand more. Included are studies on the effects of

fluoride on hormone transport, inhibition of hormone synthesis, G

protein activation, fluorosis and goiter, fluoride concentration in

the thyroid gland, thyroid cancer, fluoride as TSH agonist, fluoride-

iodine antagonism, I131 uptake, etc..

For a summary,

 

Ahn CS, Rosenberg IN - " Iodine metabolism in thyroid slices -

effects of TSH, dibutyril cyclic 3',5'-AMP, NaF and prostaglandin

E1 " Endocrinology 86(2):396-405 (1970)

(Fluoride = TSH)

 

Amir S, Menezez-Ferreira M, Shimohigashi Y, Chen HC, Nisula B,

Weintraub BD - " Activities of deglycosylated thyrotropin at the

thyroid membrane receptor-adenylate cyclase system " J Endocrinol

Invest 8(6):537-41 (1985) MEDLINE

(HF deglycosylates TSH)

 

Amir SM, Kubota K, Tramontano D, Ingbar SH, Keutmann HT - " The

carbohydrate moiety of bovine thyrotropin is essential for full

bioactivity but not for receptor recognition " Endocrinology 120

(1):345-52 (1987) MEDLINE

(HF deglycosylates TSH)

 

Anbar M, Guttman S, Lewitus Z - " Effect of monofluorosulphanate,

difluorophosphate, and F borate ions on the iodine uptake of the

thyroid gland " Nature 183:1517 (1959)

(monofluorosulfonate, difluorophosphate inhibit iodine transport)

 

Anbar M, Guttman S, Lewitus Z- " The accumulation of fluoroborate

ions in thyroid glands of rats " Endocrinology 66:888 (1960)

(-> fluoroborate concentrates in thyroid gland, inhibits iodide

transport)

 

Anbar M, Inbar M - " The application of F18 labelled fluoroborate

ions to problems in thyroid physiology " Israel Atomic Energy Com.

Report IA-754 (1962)

 

Arellano M, Malet-Martino M, Martino R, Gires P - " The anti-cancer

drug 5-fluorouracil is metabolized by the isolated perfused rat

liver and in rats into highly toxic fluoroacetate " Br J Cancer 7

(1):79-86 (1998) MEDLINE

 

Auskaps AM, Shaw JH - " Hemoglobin concentration, thyroid weight and

growth rate in rats during minimum fluoride ingestion " J Nutr

55:611-621 (1955)

 

Ayelli Edgar V, Genaro AM, Cremaschi GA, Sterin Borda L -

" Fluoxetine action upon human T lymphocyte proliferation " Acta

Physiol Pharmacol Ther Latinoam 48(4):191-7 (1998)MEDLINE

(Prozac)

 

Bachinskii PP, Gutsalenko OA, Naryzhniuk ND, Sidora VD, Shliakhta

AI - " Action of the body fluorine of healthy persons and

thyroidopathy patients on the function of hypophyseal-thyroid the

system " Probl Endokrinol (Mosk) 31(6):25-9 (1985)MEDLINE

(-> reduced T3, increased TSH and I131 uptake)

 

Balabolkin MI, Mikhailets ND, Lobovskaia RN, Chernousova NV - " The

interrelationship of the thyroid and immune statuses of workers with

long-term fluorine exposure " Ter Arkh 67(1):41-2(1995) MEDLINE

 

Ballicu P, Floris M, Frongia L - " Fluoride poisoning and thyroid

function " Minerva Stomatol 5(1):1-5 (1966)

 

Bartholmes P, Senkel H, Spranger H - " Inhibition of glycolytic

enzymes by fluoride ions " Dtsch Zahnarztl Z 42(10):916-9 (1987)

 

Banovac K, De Forteza R - " The effect of mast cell chymase on

extracellular matrix: studies in autoimmune thyroiditis and in

cultured thyroid cells " Int Arch Allergy Immunol 99(1):141-9 (1992)

MEDLINE

 

Baume LJ, Becks H - " Hormonal Control of Tooth Eruption " Part I, J

Dent Res 33:80-103 (1954)

 

Baume LJ, Becks H - " Hormonal Control of Tooth Eruption " Part III, J

Dent Res 33:104-114 (1954)

 

Baumgartner A, Dubeyko M, Campos-Barros A, Eravci M, Meinhold H -

" Subchronic administration of fluoxetine to rats affects

triiodothyronine production and deiodination in regions of the

cortex and in the limbic forebrain " Brain Res 635(1-2):68-74 (1994)

MEDLINE

(Prozac)

 

Bech K, Madsen SN - " Human thyroid adenylate cyclase in non-toxic

goitre: sensitivity to TSH, fluoride and thyroid stimulating

immunoglobulins " Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 8(6):457-66 (1978)

 

Beex L, Ross A, Smals P, Kloppenborg P - " 5-Fluorouracil-induced

increase of total thyroxine and triiodothyronine " Cancer Treat Rep

61:1291-1295 (1977)MEDLINE

(Fluoride increases thyroglobulin (TBG) concentration->Total T4

increased)

 

Beex LV, Ross A, Smals AG, Kloppenborg PW - " Letter: 5-fluorouracil

and the thyroid " Lancet (7964):866-7 (1976)

 

Benagiano A, Colasanti A, De Simone G - " Studio della funzionalita

tiroidia in soggetti residenti in zone fluorotiche " Ann Stomatol

1:513 (1959)

 

Benagiano, A - " The effect of sodium fluoride on thyroid enzymes and

basal metabolism of the rat " Ann Di Stomatol 14:601-619 (1965)

 

Benagiano A, Fiorentini S - " Richerche sperimentali e cliniche sui

rapporrti tra fluore e tirodi " Annali di Stomatol 4:3-16(1955)

 

" Fluorine can produce considerable functional and anatomic changes

in the thyroid under the following conditions:

 

its action must be prolonged for a period of time inversely

proportional to the administered dose

the further this dose is from the toxic level, the longer will it

take for the anatomo-functional manifestations of the thyroid to

appear.

when the doses are minimal there is a variable period of latency

before the setting up of the thyroid changes

at an early period these changes manifest themselves by an increased

function of the thyroid and an altered thyroid-hypophyial balance;

later by a parenchymatous hypertrophy which leads to a hypofunction

of the thyroid, and finally by a strumiform degeneration of the

gland "

Berman MI, Thomas CG Jr, Manjunath P, Sairam MR, Nayfeh SN - " The

role of the carbohydrate moiety in thyrotropin action " Biochem

Biophys Res Commun 133(2):680-7 (1985) MEDLINE

(HF - deglycosylates TSH)

 

Berry MN, Gregory RB, Grivell AR, Henly DC, Phillips JW, Wallace PG,

Welch GR - " Evidence that stimulation of gluconeogenesis by fatty

acid is mediated through thermodynamic mechanisms. " FEBS Lett 231

(1):19-24 (1988) MEDLINE

 

Bian J, Ye P, Xian S, Ji Q - " Accumulation and excretion of fluorine

and effect of selenium on them in rats with chronic fluorosis " Wei

Sheng Yen Chiu 26(4):233-8 (1997)MEDLINE

(antagonism fluoride - selenium. In China it is well-established

that fluoride causes selenium deficiency!)

 

Bircher E - Z Exper Path u. Ther 11:1 (1911); cited in: Kraft K -

" Beiträge zur Biochemie des Fluors I.Über den Antagonismus zwischen

Fluor und Thyroxin. " Hoppe-Seglers Z.Physiol. Chem 245:58 -65 (1937)

 

Bobek S, Kahl S, Ewy Z - " Effect Of Long Term Fluoride

Administration on Thyroid Hormone Levels In Rats " Endocrinol Exp

(Bratisl)10:289-295 (1976)MEDLINE

 

" The effect of 2 months fluoride administration (0.1 and 1.0 mg

daily/rat) on thyroxine and triiodothyronine level in blood and T3-

resin uptake ratio was investigated in rats. In addition, free

thyroxine index was calculated from serum thyroxine level and T3-

resin uptake ratio. It was found that fluoride administration

caused:

 

decrease in thyroxine and triiodothyronine level in plasma

decrease in free thyroxine index values

Increase in T3-resin uptake ratio.

Bollen M, Stalmans W - " Fluorine compounds inhibit the conversion of

active type-1 protein phosphatases into the ATPMg-dependent form "

Biochem J 255(1):327-33 (1988) MEDLINE

 

" The effectiveness of the proteinase inhibitor was not due to

production of free fluoride...With the catalytic subunit a half-

maximal effect of either fluorine compound was obtained at 25-50

microM " . - > 0.47-0.95mg/l... The use of analogues of PMSF showed

that the fluorine atom was essential... "

(see also: Brtko et al, below)

 

Brown OA, Sosa YE, Bolognani F, Goya RG - " Thymulin stimulates

prolactin and thyrotropin release in an age-related manner " Mech

Ageing Dev 104(3):249-62 (1998) MEDLINE

" ...The cAMP enhancers, caffeine, NaF and forskolin, significantly

increased the thymulin-stimulated release of PRL and TSH " .

 

Brtko J, Knopp J, Baker ME - " Inhibition of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine

binding to its receptor in rat liver by protease inhibitors and

substrates " Mol Cell Endocrinol 93(1):81-6 (1993) MEDLINE

(PMSF inhibits T3 binding to its receptor in the liver by acting as

protease inhibitor)

 

SEE: PROTEASE INHIBITOR FLUORIDE (1240+ studies)

 

see also: PMSF/PFOS

 

Budde R, Gunther M, Schaefer HE, Fischer R - " Cytochemical

investigations of phagocytes in thyroid gland cysts " Anal Quant

Cytol 4(1):25-32 (1982)

 

Bumgarner JR, Ramkumar V, Stiles GL - " Altered thyroid status

regulates the adipocyte A1 adenosine receptor-adenylate cyclase

system " Life Sci 44(22):1705-12 (1989) MEDLINE

 

Burke G - " Comparison of thyrotropin and sodium fluoride effects on

thyroid adenyl cyclase " Endocrinology 86(2):346-52 (1970)

 

Burke G - " Effects of thyrotropin, sodium fluoride and ions on

thyroid slice metabolism " Metabolism 9(1):35-42(1970)

 

Burkov T - " Changes in the P32 and I-131 deposit in animals under

the effect of water with various fluorine content " Nauchni Tr

Nauchnoizsled Stomatol Inst (Sofiia) 12:7-16 (1969)

 

Burkov T - " Changes in the inclusion of C14-carbonate into

mineralized tissues and radioiodine into the thyroid gland of the

rat under the influence of sodium fluoride " Stomatologiia (Mosk) 47

(5):1-5 (1968)

 

Call RA, et al. - " Histological And Chemical Studies In Man On

Effects Of Fluoride " , Public Health Reports, Vol.80, No.6, pp 529-

538 (1965)

(F- concentrated in thyroid gland)

 

Casterra H - " Erfahrungen mit einem neuen organischen Fluorpräparat

bei Hyperthyreosen " Das Deutsche Gesundheitswesen 2(22):704-705

(1947)

(describes use of Knoll's " K 17 " - later named Capacin - in his

successful treatment of over 500 hyperthyroid patients. K 17 => 3-

fluoro-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid)

 

Chaneles J - " Action de l'iode sur la fluorose chronique " Compt Rend

Soc Biol (Paris) 102:863 (1929)

 

Chang CY, Phillips PH, Hart EB, Bohstedt G - " The effect of feeding

raw rock phosphate on the fluorine content of the organs and tissues

of dairy cows " J Dairy Sci 17:695-700 (1934)

(F- concentrated in thyroid gland)

 

Chinoy NJ, Narayana MV - " Studies On Fluorosis In Mehsana District

Of North Gujarat " Proc Zool Soc , Calcutta 45(2):157-161 (1992)

 

Chinoy NJ, Narayana MV, Sequeria E, Joshi SM, Barot JM, Purohit RM,

Parikh DJ, Ghodasara NB - " Studies On Effects Of Fluoride In 36

Villages " Fluoride 25, No.3 (1992)

 

Chinoy NJ, Barot VV, Mathews M, Barot JM, Purohit RM, Ghodasara

NG, Parikh DJ - " Fluoride Toxicity Studies In Mehsana District,

North Gujarat " Jour Envirn Biol, 15(3):163-170(1994)

 

Data also in:

 

Gupta SK, Desppande RD - " Project Report:Depleting Groundwater

Levels and Increasing Fluoride Concentration in Villages of Mehsana

District, Gujarat, India: Cost to Economy and Health " , Habitat and

Environment Committee (HEC) of the Habitat International Coalition

(HIC) S/C Enda TM/Rup-BP, 3370 Dakar-Senegal (1998)

http://www.globenet.org/preceup/pages/ang/chapitre/capi

tali/cas/indmehs.htm

Chinoy NJ, Barot VV, Mathews M, Barot JM, Purohit RM, Ghodasara NG,

Parikh DJ - " Fluoride toxicity studies in Mehsana District, North

Gujarat " Jour Env Biol 15(3):163-170 (1994)

 

Chinoy et al. reported in their studies on effect of fluoride in 36

villages of Mehsana district, North Gujarat that, the concentration

of sialic acid was decreased significantly (P<0.01) in the fluorotic

population as compared to control population. Sialic acid

concentration is now a marker for detection of fluorosis. This is

another obvious sign of impaired thyroid hormone activity as it has

been clearly shown that thyroid hormones regulate prostatic

glycoprotein metabolism.

 

see: Maran RR, Senthilkumaran B, Udhayakumar RC, Arunakaran J,

Aruldhas MM - " Thyroidectomy modulates rat prostatic

monosaccharides " Int J Androl 23(3):156-62 (2000) MEDLINE

van den Hove MF, Beckers C, Devlieger H, de Zegher F, De Nayer P -

" Hormone synthesis and storage in the thyroid of human preterm and

term newborns: effect of thyroxine treatment " Biochimie 81(5):563-70

(1999)MEDLINE

The thyroid hormone disturbance becomes obvious when one looks at

the thyroid hormone values:

 

Thyroid hormones

Control

Fluorosis patients

 

T3

0.7 - 2

0.3 - 1.5

 

T4

5.4 -13.5

9.4 - 11.5

 

TSH

0.2 - 5

0.3 - 2

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Clark OH, Gerend PL - " Thyrotropin regulation of adenylate cyclase

activity in human thyroid neoplasms " Surgery 97(5):539-46 (1985)

MEDLINE

(Fluoride promotes thyroid cancer growth...low versus high doses)

 

Cnubben NH, Soffers EM, Peters MA, Vervoort J, Rietjens IM -

" Influence of the halogen-substituent pattern of

fluoronitrobenzenes on their biotransformation and capacity to

induce methemoglobinemia " Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 139(1):71-83 (1996)

 

Condorelli G, Formisano P, Miele C, Beguinot F - " Thyrotropin

regulates autophosphorylation and kinase activity in both the

insulin and the insulin-like growth factor-I receptors in FRTL5

cells " Endocrinology 130(3):1615-25(1992)MEDLINE

(TSH & IGF 1...also see Soy Formula, and IGF-1)

 

Corvilain B, Laurent E, Lecomte M, Vansande J, Dumont JE - " Role of

the cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate and the

phosphatidylinositol-Ca2+ cascades in mediating the effects of

thyrotropin and iodide on hormone synthesis and secretion in human

thyroid slices " J Clin Endocrinol Metab 79(1):152-9 (1994) MEDLINE

 

Cristiani H - " Alteration de la glande thyroide dans l'intoxication

fluoree " Compt Rend Soc Biol 103:554-556 (1930)

 

Curti JT et al. - " Influence of 5-fluorouracil on thyroid function "

Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 125(4):1125-6 (1967)

 

Dacremont G, De Baets M, Kaufman JM, Elewaut A, Vermeulen A -

" Inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity of human thyroid

membranes by gangliosides " Biochim Biophys Acta 770(2):142-7 (1984)

MEDLINE

 

Day TK, Powell-Jackson PR - " Fluoride, Water Hardness, and Endemic

Goitre " Lancet 1:1135-1138 (1972)

[A study on 648 people in 13 mountaineous regions in Nepal where the

iodine content in the water was low found a close relationship

between fluoride intake and the incidence of goiter. Goitre

prevalence was much higher when drinking water was " fluorine-rich'

than when it was " fluorine-poor " ]

 

Delemer B, Dib K, Saunier B, Haye B, Jacquemin C, Correze C -

" Alteration of the functional activity of Gs protein in thyrotropin-

desensitized pig thyroid cells. " Mol Cell Endocrinol 75(2):123-31

(1991)MEDLINE

 

Delemer B, Dib K, Patey M, Jacquemin C, Correze C - " Modification of

the amounts of G proteins and of the activity of adenylyl cyclase in

human benign thyroid tumours " Endocrinol 132(3):477-85 (1992) MEDLINE

(Thyroid cancer)

 

de Menidoza D, Farias RN - " Effect of cold exposure on rat

erythrocyte membrane-bound acetylcholinesterase. Role of thyrotropin

in the thyroid hormones interplay. " J Biol Chem 253(17):6249-54

(1978)MEDLINE

 

Desai VK, Solanki DM, Bansal RK " Epidemiological study of goitre in

endemic fluorosis district of Gujarat " Fluoride 26(3):187-190 (1993)

 

" Soft tissue fluoride toxicity is well established. Several animal

and human studies of the effect of fluoride on the thyroid gland

have shown conflicting results. Endemic fluorosis and goitre are

widespread in India with considerable overlapping in different

geographical zones. We examined 22,276 individuals for presence of

goitre and dental fluorosis and estimated the fluoride and iodine

content of their drinking water. Overall goitre and dental fluorosis

prevalences were 14.0% and 12.2%, respectively, and were

significantly and positively correlated. No significant relationship

was observed between water iodine level and goitre. In the study

area only 0.3% of cases were visible goitre (Grade-II and above) and

all goitre cases were euthyroid. This suggests that fluoride-induced

goitres are brought about by anatomical or structural changes rather

than functional changes. "

Dodd DE, Leahy HF, Feldmann ML, English JH, Vinegar A -

" Reproductive Toxicity Screen of Trifluoroiodomethane (CF(3)I) in

Sprague-Dawley Rats " Inhal Toxicol 11(11):1041-1055 (1999)

(->concentration-related increases in TSH, T(4), and rT(3). T(3)

levels decreased)

 

Dolci G, D'Angelo G, D'Antonio A - " Considerazioni su alcuni casi di

disfunzione tiroidea in individui abitani in zona altamente

fluorotica " Ann Stomatol 24:273-276 (1966)

(Prevalent dental fluorosis AND increased goitre rate in fluoridated

Italian villages)

 

Domagk GF- " Experiments on the inhibition of glycolytic enzymes by

diisopropylfluroophosphate " Hoppe Seylers Z Physiol Chem. 348(4):381-

4 (1967)

 

Domzalska E - " Influence of sodium fluoride on hypophysis, thyroid

gland, parathyroid, and adrenal gland in the white rat " Czas

Stomatol 19(8):839-44 (1966)

 

Domzalska E - " Effect of sodium fluoride on endocrine glands in the

white rat " Ann Acad Med Stetin 11:237-57 (1965)

 

Dugad LB, Gerig JT - " NMR studies of carbonic anhydrase-4-

fluorobenzenesulfonamide complexes " Biochemistry 27(12):4310-6

(1988) MEDLINE

 

Dugad LB, Cooley CR, Gerig JT - " NMR studies of carbonic anhydrase-

fluorinated benzenesulfonamide complexes " Biochemistry 28(9):3955-60

(1989) MEDLINE

 

Eravci M, Pinna G, Meinhold H, Baumgartner A - " Effects of

pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments on thyroid hormone

metabolism and concentrations in rat brain " Endocrinology 141

(3):1027-40 (2000) MEDLINE

 

Esteban L, Rigalli A, Puche RC - " Metabolism of the complex

monofluorophosphate-alpha 2-macroglobulin in the rat " Medicina (B

Aires) 59(2):151-6 (1999) MEDLINE

 

Euler H, Eichler O, Hindemith H - " Über die Wirkung einiger

organischer Fluoride bei chronischer Darreichung " Arch exp. Path u

Pharmakol. Bd.206:75-82 (1949), also cited in: Steyn DG - The

problem of dental caries and the fluoridation of public water

supplies - Johannisburg (1958)

(All organic compounds inhibit thyroid function, all compounds act

on liver - activity only differentiated by amplitude)

 

Evans RJ, Philipps PH - " The fluorine content of the thyroid gland

in cases of hyperthyroidism " J Am Med Assoc 111:300-302 (1938)

 

Eravci M, Pinna G, Meinhold H, Baumgartner A - " Effects of

pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments on thyroid hormone

metabolism and concentrations in rat brain " Endocrinology 141

(3):1027-40 (2000) MEDLINE

 

Felt V, Nedvidkova J, Hynie S, Mosinger B, Vavrinkova M - " Effect of

thyrotoxicosis on adrenergic receptors, cyclic adenosine

monophosphate, glycogen and enzymes of the myocardium " Z Gesamte Inn

Med 35(10):395-400 (1980) MEDLINE

 

Faenzi C - " Effect of sodium fluoride on the enzymatic activity of

the thyroid and on the basal metabolism of the rat " Ann Stomatol

(Roma) 14(8):601-19 (1965)

 

Frada G, Mentesana G, Guajana U - " On the behaviour of thyroid

function in subjects with hydrofluorosis in an endemic center in

Sicily " Minerva Med 60(13):545-9 (1969)

 

Fradkin JE, Cook GH, Kilhoffer MC, Wolff J - " Forskolin stimulation

of thyroid adenylate cyclase and cyclic 3',5'-adenosine

monophosphate accumulation " Endocrinology 111(3):849-56 (1982)MEDLINE

 

Galletti PM, Joyet G - " Effect of fluoride on thyroidal iodine

metabolism in hyperthyroidism " J Clin Endocrinol 18:1102-1110 (1958)

 

Galetti P, Held HR, Korrodi H, Wegmann T - " Etude expérimentale de

l'antagonisme iode-fluor chez l'homme " Rev Suisse Odont 65:753 (1955)

 

Galetti P, Joyet G, Jallut O - " Effets du fluorure sodium sur la

fonction thyrodïenne dans la maladie de Basedow " Helvet Med Acta

24:209 (1957)

 

Garren L, Greep R - " Effects of thyroid hormones and propylthiouracil

on eruption rate of upper incisor teeth in rats " Proc Soc Exp Biol

Med 90:652-655 (1955)

 

Gaur DR, Sood AK, Gupta VP - " Goitre in school girls of the Mewat

area of Haryana " Indian Pediatr 26(3):223-7 (1989) MEDLINE

 

Gautier - Bull Soc Chim 13:909 (1913), cited in: Kraft K - " Beiträge

zur Biochemie des Fluors I.Über den Antagonismus zwischen Fluor und

Thyroxin. " Hoppe-Seglers Z.Physiol. Chem 245:58 -65 (1937)

 

Gautier - Bull Soc Chim 14:241 (1914); cited in: Kraft K - " Beiträge

zur Biochemie des Fluors I.Über den Antagonismus zwischen Fluor und

Thyroxin. " Hoppe-Seglers Z.Physiol. Chem 245:58 -65 (1937)

 

Gedalia I, Brand N - " The relationship of fluoride and iodine in

drinking water in the occurrence of goiter " Arch Int Pharmacodyn

142:312-5 (1963)

 

Gelb MH, Svaren JP, Abeles RH - " Fluoro ketone inhibitors of

hydrolytic enzymes " Biochemistry 24(8):1813-7 (1985) MEDLINE

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/htbin-post/Entrez/query?uid=2990

 

Goldhammer A, Wolff J - " Interactions of fluoride and guanine

nucleotides with thyroid adenylate cyclase " Biochim Biophys Acta 701

(2):192-9 (1982) MEDLINE

 

Goldemberg L - " Action physiologique des fluorures " Compt Rend Soc

Physiol (Paris) 95:1169 (1926)

(reports a 5 to 6-fold increase in thyroid weight in rats fed 0.9mg

fluoride/day for 8 months)

 

also in:

 

Goldemberg L - La Semana Med 28:628 (1921) - cited in Wilson RH,

DeEds F - " The Synergistic Action Of Thyroid On Fluoride Toxicity "

Endocrinology 26:851 (1940)

 

Goldemberg L - J Physiol et Path 25:1 (1927)

 

Goldemberg L - " Comment agiraient-ils therapeutiquement les fluoers

dans le goitre exopthalmique et dans l'hyperthyroidisme " Semana Med

39:1659 (1932)

 

Goldemberg L - " Traitement de la maladie de Basedow et de

l'hyperthyroidisme par le fluor " Presse Méd 102:1751 (1930)

 

Goldemberg L - Compt Rend Soc Biol (Paris) 104:1031 (1930)

 

Goldemberg L - Revista de Especialidad, T.V. No.6 (1930)

 

Goldhammer A, Cook GH, Wolff J - " Preactivation as a determinant for

the size of thyroid adenylate cyclase " Biol Chem 255(14):6918-22

(1980) MEDLINE

 

Gorban' GP, Karpilovs'ka ED, Loevs'ka LI, Plis MB - " Dependence of

glycolysis in the liver of tumor bearing rats on the fluorine

content of their food " Ukr Biokhim Zh. 45(4):473-6 (1973)

 

Gordonoff T (Ed) - " Fluor und die Schilddrüse " , Toxikology des

Fluors (Toxicology of fluorine) Symposium, Ber, Oct.15-17 1962,

Schwabe Verlag, Basel/Stuttgart, pp.111-123 (1964)

 

Gordonoff T, Minder W - " Fluoride and the thyroid gland " in " World

Review of Nutrition and Dietetics " Pitman Medical Co, Vol 2:234-247

(1960)

 

Gordonoff T, Minder W - " Caries prophylaxis with fluorine as a

physiological problem " Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 82:972-973 (1952)

 

Gordonoff T - " Zum Fluorproblem " Osterr Z Stomatol 54:561:571 (1957)

 

Gorlitzer von Mundy, V - " Einfluss von Fluor und Jod auf den

Stoffwechsel, insbesondere auf die Schilddrüse " Münch Med

Wochensschr 105:182-186 (1963); also in Gordonoff, T. - Fluor und

die Schilddrüse, Toxikology des Fluors Basel/Stuttgart, pp.111-123

(1964)

 

Gorlitzer von Mundy V - Arch f. exper.Path 165 (1932)

 

Gorlitzer V - " Die Beinflussung des Stoffwechsels durch die

Halogenwasserstoffsäuren im Tierexperiment, mit besonderer

Berücksichtigung der Fluorwasserstoffsäure " Arch Exp Pathol 165:443-

461 (1932)

(describes his 1500 investigations on fluoride use in inhibition of

metamorphosis in tadpoles, mice experiments, etc.)

 

Gorlitzer V - " Ein neuer Weg zur Behandlung der Thyreotoxikose mit

Fluorwasserstoffsäure " Med Klin 21: & 17-719 (1932)

(reports on his successful use of baths containing HF in the

treatment of hyperthyroidism)

 

Gorlitzer von Mundy V - Med. Klin.47:911 (1952), cited in Gorlitzer

von Mundy, V - " Einfluss von Fluor und Jod auf den Stoffwechsel,

insbesondere auf die Schilddrüse " Münch Med Wochensschr 105:182-186

(1963)

 

Gorlitzer von Mundy V - J. Physiol.et Path gen 25:1 (1927)

(3 mg NaF- fluoride intake in rabbits and rats results in goiter and

cretinism-like conditions)

 

Graff I, Mockel J, Laurent E, Erneux C, Dumont JE - " Carbachol and

sodium fluoride, but not TSH, stimulate the generation of inositol

phosphates in the dog thyroid " FEBS Lett 210(2):204-10 (1987) MEDLINE

 

Guan ZZ - " An experimental study of blood biochemical diagnostic

indices for chronic fluorosis " Chung Hua Yu Fang I Hsueh Tsa Chih 25

(1):33-5 (1991) MEDLINE

 

see also:

 

Guan ZZ, Zhuang ZJ, Yang PS, Pan S - " Synergistic action of iodine-

deficiency and fluorine-intoxication on rat thyroid " Chin Med J

(Engl) 101(9):679-84 (1988)

 

Guan ZZ, Wang YN, Xiao KQ, Dai DY, Chen YH, Liu JL, Sindelar P,

Dallner G - " Influence of chronic fluorosis on membrane lipids in

rat brain " Neurotoxicol Teratol 20(5):537-42 (1998) MEDLINE

 

Guan ZZ - " Morphology of the brain of the offspring of rats with

chronic fluorosis " Chung Hua Ping Li Hsueh Tsa Chih 15(4):297-9

(1986)

 

Guan ZZ - " Studies on the DNA and RNA content of the heart, liver

and kidney of rats with chronic fluorosis " Chung Hua Yu Fang I Hsueh

Tsa Chih 21(2):90-1 (1987)

 

Guminska M, Sterkowicz J - " Effect of sodium fluoride on glycolysis

in human erythrocytes and Ehrlich ascites tumour cells in vitro "

Acta Biochim Pol 23(4):285-91 (1976)MEDLINE

 

Gushchin SK - " Effect of calcium and fluorine in drinking water on

the iodine metabolism and status of the thyroid in iodine

insufficiency in food " Gig Sanit 25:93-5 (1960)

 

Gutshall DM, Pilcher GD, Langley AE - " Mechanism of the serum

thyroid hormone lowering effect of perfluoro-n-decanoic acid (PFDA)

in rats " Toxicol Environ Health 28(1):53-65 (1989)

(-> " PFDA displaced radiolabeled T4 from rat albumin with an

affinity similar to thyroxine " )

 

Hara K - " Studies on fluorosis, especially effects of fluoride on

thyroid metabolism " Koku Eisei Gakkai Zasshi. 30(1):42-57 (1980)

(increase of T4 at 1ppm in water when diet was low in F-, decrease

in T4 and T3 when diet was high in F-)

 

Harris MW, Uraih LC, Birnbaum LS - " Acute toxicity of

perfluorodecanoic acid in C57BL/6 mice differs from 2,3,7,8-

tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin " Fundam Appl Toxicol 13(4):723-36 (1989)

MEDLINE

(Total T3 and T4 increased with increasing dose)

 

Hatfield JD, Shrewsbury CL, Andrews FN, Doyle LP - " Iodine-fluorine

relationship in sheep nutrition " J Anim Sci 3:71-77 (1944)

 

Hein JW, Smith FA, Brudevold F - " Distribution of 1ppm Fluoride As

Radioactively Tagged NaF in Soft Tissues of Adult Female Albino

Rats " J Dent. Res. 33:709-710 (1954)

 

Hein JW, Bonner JF, Brudevold F, Smith FA, Hodge HC - " Distribution

in the soft tissue of the rat of radioactive fluoride administered

as sodium fluoride " Nature 175:1295-1296 (1956)

 

Henning K, Fritz H - " Fluor und Schilddrüse " Schweiz Med Wochenschr

91:79-81

 

Hershman JM - " Human chorionic gonadotropin and the thyroid:

hyperemesis gravidarum and trophoblastic tumors " Thyroid 9(7):653-7

(1999)

 

Hillman D, Bolenbaugh DL, Convey EM - " Hypothyroidism and anemia

related to fluoride in dairy cattle " J Dairy Sci 62(3):416-23 (1979)

MEDLINE

 

Hoermann R, Amir SM, Nomura T, Ingbar SH - " Design of a long-lived

thyrotropin antagonist from derivatives of human chorionic

gonadotropin " Endocrinology 124(1):223-32 (1989) MEDLINE

(HF desialylates hCG - > inhibits binding to TSH receptors)

 

NOTE:

 

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a hormone that is produced by

the developing placenta and by the fertilized egg after implantation

in the uterine wall. This is the hormone which is measured in the

blood to determine pregnancy. Human chorionic gonadotrophins

increase in quantity through the first trimester of pregnancy and

begin to taper off after 85 days. High hCG levels are what

causes " morning sickness " during pregnancies (hyperemesis

gravidarum, a condition commonly seen in the first 12 weeks of

pregnancy that is characterised by episodic vomiting, more

pronounced in the morning. hCG has thyroid-stimulating activity that

influences thyroid function early in pregnancy when hCG levels are

high. Excessive hCG secretion may cause hyperthyroidism in patients

with hyperemesis gravidarum or trophoblastic tumors.

Ippolito JA, Christianson DW - " The contribution of halogen atoms to

protein-ligand interactions " Int J Biol Macromol 14(4):193-7 (1992)

MEDLINE

 

Israel H, et al. - " Skeletal and dental development in the endemic

goitre and cretinism areas of Ecuador " J Trop Med Hyg. 72(5):105-13

(1969)

 

Jackson IM, Luo LG - " Antidepressants inhibit the glucocorticoid

stimulation of thyrotropin releasing hormone expression in cultured

hypothalamic neurons " J Investig Med 1998 Dec;46(9):470-4 (1988)

MEDLINE

(Prozac ->...also decreased TRH content in a dose dependent

manner...)

 

Jenq SF, Jap TS, Hsieh MS, Chiang H - " The characterization of

adenyl cyclase activity in FRTL-5 cell line. " Chung Hua I Hsueh Tsa

Chih (Taipei) 51(3):159-65 (1993)MEDLINE

 

KEY STUDY - 10 microM sufficient for G protein activation:

" Sodium fluoride stimulation study demonstrated dual actions of

fluoride on adenylate cyclase; when the cells were assayed with

increasing concentration of NaF, the AC activity increased as the

concentration of NaF increased from 0.01 to 1 mM, but decreased

strikingly as that concentration increased from 1 mM to 100 mM. "

Jentzer, A - " Effet du fluor et du fluor-iod sur la teneur en iode

de la thyroide de lapin " Bull Schweiz Akad Med Wiss 15:412-422

(1959).

(In rabbits fed 0.05mg F- per day [!] iodine content in thyroid was

reduced by 25%. Also showed that the iodine uptake in the pituitary

gland was greatly reduced under the influence of fluoride)

 

Jentzer A - " Action du fluor sur le relais thyroidenhypophysaire

demontree par l'iode 131 " Bull Schweiz Akad Med Wiss 10:211-220

(1954)

(Less than normal amounts of thyroid hormone are deposited in the

pituitary gland when rabbits are given fluoride in water at levels

corresponding to that of artificially fluoridated water)

 

Jonderko G, Kita K, Pietrzak J, Primus-Slowinska B, Ruranska B,

Zylka-Wloszczyk M, Straszecka J - " Effect of subchronic sodium

fluoride poisoning on the thyroid gland of rabbits with normal and

increased supply of iodine " Endokrynol Pol 34(3):195-203 (1983)

 

Kahl S, Bobek S - " Effect of fluoride administration on

radiothyroxine turnover in rats " Endokrynol Pol 26(4):391-6 (1975)

 

Kalderon AE, Sheth V - " Secretion and adenylate cyclase in thyroid

nodules " Arch Pathol Lab Med 102(7):381-86 (1978) MEDLINE

 

Kanwar KC, Singh M - " Zinc Depletion following experimental

fluorosis in mice " Sci Total Environ 22(1):79-83 (1981) MEDLINE

 

Kanwar KC, Singh M - " Zinc, copper and manganese levels in various

tissues following fluoride administration " Experientia 37(12):1328-9

(1981) MEDLINE

 

see also:

 

Singh M, Kanwar KC - " Effect of fluoride on copper, manganese and

zinc in bone and kidney " Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 26(3):428-31

(1981)

 

Kariya T, Kotani M, Field JB - " Effects of sodium fluoride and other

metabolic inhibitors on basal and TSH-stimulated cyclic AMP and

thyroid metabolism " Metabolism 23(10):969-73 (1974)

 

Kato T, Okada M, Nagatsu T - " Distribution of post-proline cleaving

enzyme in human brain and the peripheral tissues " Mol Cell Biochem 32

(3):117-21 (1980)

 

Kazakov VM, Malakhovskii VK, Khokhlov AP, Mikhailov KP, Lozovskii

VT - " The possible role of disruptions of the cyclic AMP system in

the pathogenesis of thyrotoxic myopathies " Vopr Med Khim 29(6):69-73

(1983)

 

Kasai K, Field JB- " Discrimination of multiple forms of

phosphoprotein phosphatase in bovine thyroid " Metabolism 32(3):296-

307 (1983) MEDLINE

 

Kasai K, Field JB - " " Properties of enzyme activities involved in

proteinphosphorylation-dephosphorylation of thyroid plasma

membranes " Biochim Biophys Acta 18(2):125-34 (1982) MEDLINE

 

Kimm MH, Hardin JA, Gall DG - " Transport of albumin into the

intestinal lumen of the rat " Can J Physiol Pharmacol 75(3):193-8

(1997)

(Fluoride inhibits albumin transport - > thyroid hormone carrier)

 

Kinlen L - " Cancer incidence in relation to fluoride level in water

supplies " Community Health 6: 69 (1974) LINK

 

data also in:

 

Kinlen L - " Cancer incidence in relation to fluoride level in water

supplies " Br Dent J 138(6):221-4 (1975)

(19% more thyroid cancers observed in fluoridated areas as compared

non-fluoridated areas)

 

Kolomiitseva MG - " The content of fluorine in the external

environment of the Upper Altai autonomous region and its role in the

etiology of endemic goiter " Gig Sanit 26:101-3 (1961)

 

Korrodi H, Wegman T, Galletti P, Held HR- " Sind bei der

Cariesprophylaxe mit Fluor Rueckwirkungen auf die Schilddruese zu

erwarten? " Schweiz Med Wochenschr 85:1016 (1955)

 

Korrodi H, Wegman T, Galletti P, Held HR - " Fluor und Schilddruese "

Z Praeventivmed 1:285-296 (1956)

 

Kraft K - " Beiträge zur Biochemie des Fluors I.Über den Antagonismus

zwischen Fluor und Thyroxin. " Hoppe-Seglers Z.Physiol. Chem 245:58 -

65 (1937)

 

Kraft K - " Über die Synthese einiger aromatischer Fluorverbindungen "

Knoll Research, Chem Ber. 84(2):150-156 (1951)

(describes manufacturing processes of numerous organic fluorides,

after it was shown that all organic fluoride compounds displayed

stronger anti-thyroid activity than the fluoride ion)

 

Kraft K, Dengel F - " Über die Synthese einiger aromatischer

Fluorverbindungen, II. Mitteilung " Chem Ber 85(6):577-582 (1952)

(more reports on organic fluoride investigations... " in regards to

their characteristics in lowering BMR as well as anti-bacterial

activity " )

 

Laglia G, Zeiger MA, Leipricht A, Caturegli P, Levine MA, Kohn LD,

Saji M - " Increased cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate inhibits G

protein-coupled activation of phospholipase C in rat FRTL-5 thyroid

cells " Endocrinology 137(8):3170-6 (1996) MEDLINE

 

Lakey T, Mac Neil S, Humphries H, Walker SW, Munro DS, Tomlinson S -

" Calcium and calmodulin in the regulation of human thyroid

adenylate cyclase activity. " Biochem J 225(3):581-9 (1985) MEDLINE

 

Langley AE - " Thyroid and Biochemicaletabolic Effects of PFDA

(Perfluoro-n-decanoic Acid) " Govt Reports Announcements & Index

(GRA & I), Issue 16 (1988)

 

" .... a precipitous fall in serum thyroxine was observed as early as

12 hours following PFDA. Early experiments indicated that a

hypothyroid-like state resulted from PFDA treatment. PFDA induced

decreases in serum thyroid hormones, anorexia, bradycardia,

hypothermia, as well as alterations in myocardial catecholamine

metabolism. Liver enzymes alpha-glycerolphosphate dehydrogenase and

malic enzyme were measures to evaluate tissue thyroid state, the

activity of both enzymes was significantly elevated as early as 24

hours and remained so throughout the experiment. A possible

conclusion based on interpretation of these data is the PFDA alters

biochemical processes at the cellular level which produces confused

messages concerning metabolic status, thus leading to

anorexia and metabolic inefficiency. "

Ledent C, Parmentier M, Maenhaut C, Taton M, Pirson I, Lamy F, Roger

P, Dumont JE - " The TSH cyclic AMP cascade in the control of thyroid

cell proliferation: the story of a concept " Thyroidology 3(3):97-101

(1991) MEDLINE

 

Leipuviene S - " Trace elements fluorine and iodine in water in

Lithuania " Sveik Apsaug 54:52-53 (1963)

 

Levine MA, Feldman AM, Robishaw JD, Ladenson PW, Ahn TG, Moroney JF,

Smallwood PM - " Influence of thyroid hormone status on expression of

genes encoding G protein subunits in the rat heart " Biol Chem 265

(6):3553-60 (1990) MEDLINE

 

Lewitus Z, Guttmann S, Anbar M - " Effect of thyroidstimulating

hormone (TSH) on the accumulation of perchlorate and fluoroborate

ions in the thyroid glands of rats. " Endocrinology 70:295-7 (1962)

 

Lin Fa-Fu, Aihaiti, Zhao Hong-Xin, Lin Jin, Jiang Ji-Yong, Maimaiti,

and Aiken - " The Relationship of a Low-Iodine and High-Fluoride

Environment to Subclinical Cretinism in Xinjiang " ICCIDD Newsletter,

Volume 7 Number 3 August (1991) LINK

 

Litzka G - " Die experimentellen Grundlagen der Behandlung des Morbus

Basedow und der Hyperthyreose mittels Fluortyrosin " Med Wochenschr

63:1037-1040 (1937)

(discusses the basis of the use of fluorides in anti-thyroid

medication, documents activity on liver, inhibition of glycolysis,

etc.)

 

Litzka G - " Erfolgskontrolle bei Behandlung der

Schilddrüsenüberfunktion " Z. klin. Med.131:791-799 (1937)

 

Litzka G - " Die antithyreotoxische Wirkung des Fluortyrosins " Arch.

exp. Pathol. u. Pharmakol. 183:436-458 (1936)

 

Litzka G - " Fluortyrosine " Klin Wochenschr. 15:1568-1569 (1936)

 

Littich J - " Klinische Untersuchungen zur Behandlung von

Hyperthyreosen mit dem fluorhaltigen Prothyrysat " Med Monatsschr

6:520-522(1937)

 

Lochhead KM, Kharasch ED, Zager RA - " Spectrum and subcellular

determinants of fluorinated anesthetic-mediated proximal tubular

injury. " Am J Pathol 150(6):2209-21 (1997)MEDLINE

 

Londos C, Salomon Y, Lin MC, Harwood JP, Schramm M, Wolff J, Rodbell

M - " 5'-Guanylylimidodiphosphate, a potent activator of adenylate

cyclase systems in eukaryotic cells " Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 71

(8):3087-3090 (1974) FULL TEXT

 

Lustbader JW, Pollak S, Lobel L, Trakht I, Homans S, Brown JM,

Canfield RE - " Three-dimensional structures of gonadotropins " Mol

Cell Endocrinol 125(1-2):21-31 (1996) MEDLINE

(HF deglycosylates hCG... " Unfortunately this form of hCG is not

biologically active, and exhibits immunochemical differences from

native hormone. " )

 

Lustbader JW, Wu H, Birken S, Pollak S, Gawinowicz Kolks MA, Pound

AM, Austen D, Hendrickson WA, Canfield RE - " The expression,

characterization, and crystallization of wild-type and

selenomethionyl human chorionic gonadotropin " Endocrinology 136

(2):640-50 (1995)

 

M to Z (link)

[Guest guest]

I used to hate those fluoride treatments my orthodontist gave me as a

kid like once per month, and it dripped all over and I probably

swallowed a ton of it. I can't help but think that's one of the major

reasons why I have some serious thyroid problems today.

 

I almost feel like all the things I was taught in life to be good for

you and I followed doctor's and professionals, and what society and

studies, etc told me was good for me: fluoride, eating low fat, eating

soy, and it all only made my thyroid very, very sick.

>

[Guest guest]

I too have been guilty of believing that low-fat, " healthy " soy products, etc.

were good for me. My thyroid doesnt work properly, I have uterine cancer

caused through too much estrogen, and spine problems. Makes you wonder if

" they " know what they are talking about. Ive also drank tap water all of my

life, and sometimes you cant see through a glass for chemicals, which smell

disgusting.

 

I now drink filtered water for want of a better way, eat fruit, vegetables,

stir fries, very little meat (usually chicken), take chlorella, spirulina and am

doing complete body cleanse, slowly. Im not having operation, but hopefully

coping with these problems alternative way.

 

I dont own a chip pan or a fry pan.

 

Thanks for all the information given on this forum. Its time we all knew

what was happening to us before its too late.

 

Maggie

 

 

 

 

 

Beauty is in the eyes of the beholder.....