psychoneuroimmunology

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There are brain chemistry receptor sites on immune competant cells & visa

versa. Susan.

 

Eur J Neurosci. 2003 Sep;18(6):1593-606.

 

Highly regionalized distribution of stromal cell-derived factor-1/CXCL12 in

adult rat brain: constitutive expression in cholinergic, dopaminergic and

vasopressinergic neurons.

 

Banisadr G, Skrzydelski D, Kitabgi P, Rostene W, Parsadaniantz SM.

 

INSERM E0350 UPMC, Hopital Saint-Antoine, 184 rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine,

75571 Paris Cedex 12, France.

 

The stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1)/CXCL12 and its receptor CXCR4 are

key modulators of immune functions. In the nervous system, SDF-1/CXCL12 is

crucial for neuronal guidance in developing brain, intercellular communication

and the neuropathogenesis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. However,

cerebral functions of SDF-1/CXCL12 in adult brain are poorly understood. The

understanding of its role in the adult brain needs a detailed neuroanatomical

mapping of SDF-1/CXCL12. By dual immunohistochemistry we demonstrate that this

chemokine is constitutively expressed not only in astrocytes and microglia

but also in neurons, in discrete neuroanatomical regions. Indeed, neuronal

expression of SDF-1/CXCL12 is mainly found in cerebral cortex, substantia

innominata, globus pallidus, hippocampus, paraventricular and supraoptic

hypothalamic nuclei, lateral hypothalamus, substantia nigra and oculomotor

nuclei.

Moreover, we provide the first evidence that SDF-1/CXCL12 is constitutively

expressed in cholinergic neurons in the medial septum and substantia innominata

and

in dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta and the ventral

tegmental area. Interestingly we also show, for the first time, a selective

co-localization of SDF-1/CXCL12 with vasopressin-expressing neurons in the

supraoptic and paraventricular hypothalamic nuclei. In addition, in the lateral

hypothalamic area, SDF-1/CXCL12 was found to be located on melanin

concentrating hormone-expressing neurons. Altogether, these original data

suggest that

SDF-1/CXCL12 could be a modulatory neuropeptide regulating both central

cholinergic and dopaminergic systems. In addition, a key role for SDF-1/CXCL12

in

neuroendocrine regulation of vasopressin-expressing neurons represents an

exciting new field of research.