Pine Nut Oil Boosts Appetite Suppressors Up To 60 Percent For 4 Hours

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Pine Nut Oil Boosts Appetite Suppressors Up To 60 Percent For 4 Hourshttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2006/04/060404085953.htmScienceDaily (Apr. 4, 2006) — In the face of the growing obesity health challenge, "appetite suppressants are increasingly interesting because they work on the very simple premise of 'What you don't eat now, you won't need to lose later,'" Alexandra Einerhand, director, nutrition and toxicology-Europe at Lipid Nutrition notes.Einerhand says that in a study, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) derived from "Korean pine nuts, which have been part of our diet since before ancient Greek and Roman times, stimulated two well-known appetite suppressing peptide hormones at the same time that overweight women reported significantly less desire to eat only 30 minutes after ingestion," compared with an olive oil placebo.In a paper being presented in an American Physiological Society session at Experimental Biology 2006, Einerhand reports that "in this randomized, double-blind cross-over trial, the greatest effect was observed after just 30 minutes, with the 18 women reporting a 29% reduction in "desire to eat" and a 36% drop in "prospective food intake" scores. Their subjective feelings of appetite were evaluated by visual analog scales, a validated scoring system.The experiment found a parallel and significant increase in cholecystokinin (CCK) of 60% and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) of 25% that remained as long as four hours after ingestion. CCK and GLP1 are appetite suppressors, which "send signals of satiation to the brain diminishing the desire to eat and food intake usually significantly," she adds.The experiment utilized 3 grams of a product called PinnoThin, comprised of over 88% Korean pine nut PUFAs, and which is marketed by Lipid Nutrition, a division of Loders Croklaan, of the Netherlands.*Paper presentation: "Korean pine nut fatty acids affect appetite sensations, plasma CCK and GLP1 in overweight subjects," 12:30 p.m.-3 p.m. Monday April 3, Physiology Obesity and Satiety 494.2/board #C781. On view 7:30 a.m. - 4 p.m. Research was by Alexandra Einerhand, Jos Heimerikx, Marianne O'Shea and Luisa Gambelli of Lipid Nutrition, a division of Loders Croklaan, Wormerveer, the Netherlands; Wilrike Pasman, Carina Rubingh, Robin van den Berg and Henk Hendriks of TNO Quality of Life, in Zeist.CLA differentially reduces fat mass in men and women in just 3 monthsTwo other presentations by Einerhand at Experimental Biology report on a six-month human trial with another Lipid Nutrition product called Clarinol, or conjugated linoleic acid."The location and gender differences in fat mass loss are very new and unexpected," Einerhand says: "Lost fat mass was from the legs and abdomen of women and from the abdomen of men. Neither men or women lost any fat from the arms," she adds."After only three months, there was a significant fat mass loss," Einerhand notes, and the losses continued for the next three months. After six months, there was an average fat mass loss of 2 kilos corresponding to about 6% fat loss. At the same time, "overall body weight loss was 'only' 1.5 kilos because there was a gain in muscle mass," she reports.Waist measurements shrunk 2.2 centimeters and hips 0.5 cm over six months. Waist-hip ratio decreased a significant 0.024. BMI fell an on average 0.6, from the starting point of BMI 28-32 for the 118 overweight and obese subjects. In the trial, subjects received either 3.4 grams per day of CLA (Clarinol), or olive oil placebo.Health implications, plus 'body molding' effects"Overall, this location-specific loss of fat mass is both interesting and important," Einerhand notes. "While the fat mass loss in the legs and abdomen represents a kind of 'body shaping' effect, the loss of abdominal fat mass is potentially a very important healthy effect because abdominal fat is correlated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes," she adds. As part of the study, safety factors were monitored, and CLA was found to have no effect on insulin resistance.*Paper presentations: "Conjugated linoleic acid induces regional-specific decreases in fat mass in a 6-month clinical trial," 12:30 p.m.- 3 p.m. Sunday April 2, Clinical Nutrition, 138.10/board #B289. Research was by Jean-Michel Gaullier, Ola Gudmundsen and Christian Syvertsen of SCR A/S, Norway; Johan Halse of Diabetic and Overweight Medical Center, Norway; Hans Olav Hoivik of Hedmark Medical Center, Norway; and Alexandra Einerhand and Marianne O'Shea of Lipid Nutrition, a division of Loders Croklaan."Six months supplementation with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) does not induce insulin resistance in overweight and obese" 12:30- p.m. - 3 p.m. Wednesday, April 5, Human and Clinical Nutrition, board #LB406. Research was by Alexandra Einerhand, Marianne O'Shea, Lipid Nutrition, a division of Loders Croklaan, the Netherlands; Christian Syvertsen, Jean-Michel Gaullier, Minna Nurminiemi, Knut Kristiansen, Ola Gudmundsen of Scandianavian Clinical Research AS, Norway; Johan Halse, Diabetes and Overweight Specialist Medical Center, Norway; and Hans Olav Hoivik, Hedmark Medical Center, Norway.Funding: Research was underwritten by the Lipid Nutrition, a division of Loders Croklaan.Adapted from materials provided by American Physiological Society.Need to cite this story in your essay, paper, or report? Use one of the following formats:APAMLAAmerican Physiological Society (2006, April 4). Pine Nut Oil Boosts Appetite Suppressors Up To 60 Percent For 4 Hours. ScienceDaily. SCIENTISTS CONFIRM: EXTRA VIRGIN SIBERIAN PINE NUT OIL IS A POWERFUL NATURAL APPETITE SUPPRESSANT, METABOLISM BOOSTER AND DIGESTIVE AIDFor many centuries native Siberians have successfully used pine nut oil to control hunger, aid digestion, and boost staminaExtra virgin pine nut oil (EVPO) is a delicious, golden-colored oil cold-pressed from the small kernels (commonly called pine nuts), which are produced by certain species of pine trees around the world. In addition to being an exquisite gourmet cooking oil, it also has a history of many centuries of therapeutic use in Russian and Chinese traditional medicine. The native people of Siberia – a remote region of Russia famous for its pristine forests, crystal-clear rivers and lakes, as well as remarkably vibrant health of its inhabitants - have always used pine nut oil as an effective, all-natural hunger suppressant, metabolism enhancer, digestive aid and peptic ulcer healer. In view of the recent obesity epidemic in much of the industrialized world, pine nut oil became a subject of close scrutiny by nutritionists and researchers as a natural way to promote satiety and curb overeating.Historically, in Siberia, where distances are great and food is scarce, especially during the long, cold Siberian winter, Siberian forest in wintera handful of pine nuts or a tablespoon of pine nut oil taken with - or even instead of - a meal have provided a long-lasting feeling of “fullness”. In addition, pine nuts and their oil provided the natives with a rich array of essential vitamins, nutrients, and microelements such as vitamins E, B1, B2 and B3, beta-carotene (pro-vitamin A) and other carotenoids, essential amino acids, magnesium, zinc, iron, copper, and iodine. This allowed the Siberians to have a full complement of nutrients required to go about their daily routines, which usually involved hunting, fishing, and trapping, without feeling hungry. These powerful health-promoting and nutritional benefits have earned the Siberian pine (the tree from which pine nuts were harvested) the name of “the Tsar of all trees” in Russia.Modern science has explained how pine nut oil works to promote satiety, repair and protect the stomach lining, enhance metabolism and aid digestionThese traditional uses of extra virgin Siberian pine nut oil drew a lot of attention from Russian and Chinese scientists and researchers who conducted numerous studies to figure out the biochemical processes behind the satiating and health-promoting action of this oil. They have studied various components of pine nut oil to figure out what unique ingredients in it may be responsible for these health effects. Finally, they zeroed in on two important components of pine nut oil: antioxidants and pinolenic acid.Pinolenic acid (a triple-unsaturated fatty acid which is a positional isomer of a more widely known gamma-linolenic acid [GLA]) is found exclusively in pine nut oil, and is not present in any other species of plants. This fatty acid is present in all 140 varieties of pine nuts (and their oil) in quantities ranging from 0.1 to more than 20 percent. However, the richest known source of pinolenic acid is the oil pressed from the seeds of the Siberian pine (Pinus Sibirica). It was this oil, containing up to 27 per cent of pinolenic acid, that the native Siberians used as a nutrient-rich food and a healing remedy.This research into the health-promoting and healing properties of extra virgin pine nut oil took a new direction with the discovery of a substance called cholecystokinin (CCK). This protein, produced in the small intestine and also present in the brain, was first identified 27 years ago by scientists at Columbia and Cornell Universities. They have discovered that CCK is produced in the duodenum after eating and sends a “full” feeling to the brain, calling it a "satiety protein". At the same time, CCK slows the rate of stomach emptying, providing an additional feeling of fullness.Scientists have also demonstrated that pinolenic acid favorably affects total blood lipids, reduces platelet aggregation, and lowers blood pressure, contributing to cardiovascular health.Extra virgin pine nut oil promotes satiety, improves metabolism and aids digestion by helping our body to absorb more essential nutrients from food and sending a "full" signal to the brainIn addition to transmitting vital satiety-related messages to the brain, CCK performs another very important Lose weight permanently with pine nut oiland useful physiological function. It is, in fact, a critical catalyst for the proper digestion of food in the intestinal tract. CCK does this by triggering the release of digestive enzymes from the pancreas. In addition, it causes contraction of the gall bladder to deliver bile into the duodenum, and stimulates secretion of bile salts into the biliary system. In fact, its very name, cholecystokinin, means “to move the gall bladder”.By ensuring the availability of bile salts and enzymes to properly break down large macromolecules (proteins, polysaccharides, and triglycerides) into small molecules (amino acids, monosaccharides, and fatty acids) used by our bodies as all-important “building blocks”, CCK further enhances the overall performance of our metabolic system. This puts an end to nutrient deficiencies, which often are the underlying reason for food cravings. As a result, our body assimilates more vital nutrients, needs less food to satisfy its basic nutrient needs, and a lasting feeling of satiety is effectively achieved.Three teaspoons of delicious extra virgin pine nut oil daily is all you need to put an end to overeating, boost your metabolism and optimize your digestion and nutrient assimilationA spoon of pine nut oil daily helps to achieve permanent weight lossIf your goal is to optimize your food intake, improve digestion and provide your body with important healing and health-promoting nutrients, we recommended taking 15 ml (three teaspoons, or one tablespoon) of extra virgin pine nut oil daily. The best way of taking the oil depends on your individual preferences. For example, you may take one teaspoon of pine nut oil with a full glass of water or fresh-squeezed juice three times daily 30 minutes before breakfast, lunch, and dinner. The oil may also be taken twice a day: half at breakfast, and the other half at lunch or dinner. To use the oil as a mild laxative, take a full tablespoon (15 ml) of the oil on an empty stomach in the morning or at bedtime.Experimentation and practical experience will be your best guides in working out a daily pine nut oil regimen that would be most effective for you and your individual weight and health goals. And it is also nice to know that, while working to achieve your optimum weight, enhance your metabolism, and achieve wellness, you will also be boosting your antioxidant status and protecting your stomach lining from inflammation-related disorders.Penne with vegetables and pine nut oilAnother great thing about extra virgin pine nut oil is that, in addition to taking it straight by the teaspoon, you can use it in a variety of delicious and healthy recipes ranging from salad dressings and pastas to pesto and homemade nut butters. Extra virgin pine nut oil is a gourmet culinary oil that can be used in your kitchen in a variety of creative ways. For example, you could use in baking and light sauteing, or as an absolutely delightful dipping oil. If desired, it can be mixed into olive oil or used instead of it on your salad or in any of your favorite dishes that call for vegetable oil. We have a special page on our site devoted to our very own favorite pine nut oil recipes. And, most importantly, pine nut oil makes every meal you cook more satisfying and nutritious. extra virgin pine nut oilIn addition to being a potent satiety promoter and digestive aid, extra virgin pine nut oil is also successfully used in naturopathic medicine to treat peptic ulcers, gastritis, and other gastrointestinal problems, cardiovascular, inflammatory, and autoimmune disorders. Pine nut oil also offers powerful antioxidant protection to those exposed to increased oxidative stress (a group that includes pretty much everybody living in industrialized countries in the 21st century).If you would like to order naturally grown, extra virgin pine nut oil, please visit out order page. If you want more information or have additional questions, please send an e-mail to our licensed nutritionists at consult. We are looking forward to hearing from you!REFERENCES:1. Kissileff HR, Pi-Sunyer FX, Thornton J, and Smith GP. Cholecystokinin decreases food intake in man. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 34: 154-160, 1981.2. Harry R. Kissileff, Julie C. Carretta, Allan Geliebter, and F. Xavier Pi-Sunyer. Cholecystokinin and stomach distension combine to reduce food intake in humans. American Journal of Physiology, 285: R992-R998, 2003.3. Stephen C. Woods. Gastrointestinal Satiety Signals I. An overview of gastrointestinal signals that influence food intake. American Journal of Physiology, 286: G7-G13, 2004.3. Moran TH and Schwartz GJ. Neurobiology of Cholecystokinin. Critical Review of Neurobiology, 9: 1-28, 1994.4. Muurahainenn N, Kissileff HR, Derogatis AJ, and Pi-Sunyer FX. Effects of cholecystokinin-octapeptide (CCK-8) on food intake and gastric emptying in man. Physiology & Behavior, 44: 644-649, 1988.5. Smith GP and Gibbs J. The development and proof of the cholecystokinin hypothesis of satiety. In: Multiple Cholecystokinin Receptors in the CNS, edited by Dourish CT, Cooper SJ, Iversen SD, and Iversen LL. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992, p. 166-182.http://www.siberiantigernaturals.com/extravirginpinenutoil.htm