Seniors using more than 1 can/week artificially sweetened [aspartame] soft drinks had 8% higher death risk

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13,620 seniors using more than 1 can/week artificially sweetened [aspartame] soft drinks had 8% higher death risk, 1981-2004, Paganini-Hill A, Kawas CH, Corrada MM, U. Southern Cal., Prev. Med. 2007 April 44(4) 305-10: Murray 2007.10.12http://RMForAll.blogspot.com October 12, 2007aspartameNM/message/1479"Individuals who drank more than 1 can/week of artificially sweetened (but not sugar-sweetened) soft drink (cola and other) had an 8 % increased risk (95 % CI: 1.01-1.16).""The increased death risk with consumption of artificially sweetened, but not sugar-sweetened, soft drinks suggests an effect of the sweetener rather than other components of the soft drinks, although residual

confounding remains a possibility."Prev Med. 2007 Apr; 44(4): 305-10. Epub 2006 Dec 29.Non-alcoholic beverage and caffeine consumption and mortality: the Leisure World Cohort Study.Paganini-Hill A, annliahi,Kawas CH, ckawas,Corrada MM. mcorrada,Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of

Medicine of the University of Southern California, CA, USA.OBJECTIVE:To examine the effects of non-alcoholic beverage and caffeine consumption on all-cause mortality in older adults.METHODS:The Leisure World Cohort Study is a prospective study of residents of a California retirement community.A baseline postal health survey included details on coffee, tea, milk, soft drink, and chocolate consumption.Participants were followed for 23 years (1981-2004).Risk ratios (RRs) of death were calculated using Cox regression for 8644 women and 4980 men (median age at entry, 74 years) and adjusted for age, gender, and multiple potential confounders.RESULTS:Caffeine consumption exhibited a U-shaped mortality curve.Moderate caffeine consumers had a significantly reduced risk of death (multivariable-adjusted RR = 0.94, 95 % CI: 0.89, 0.99 for 100-199 mg/day and RR = 0.90, 95

% CI: 0.85, 0.94 for 200-399 mg/daycompared with those consuming <50 mg/day).Individuals who drank more than 1 can/week of artificially sweetened (but not sugar-sweetened) soft drink (cola and other) had an 8 % increased risk (95 % CI: 1.01-1.16).Neither milk nor tea had a significant effect on mortality after multivariable adjustment.CONCLUSIONS:Moderate caffeine consumption appeared beneficial in reducing risk of death.Attenuation in the observed associations between mortality and intake of tea and milk with adjustment for potential confounders suggests that such consumption identifies those with other mortality-associated lifestyle and health risks.The increased death risk with consumption of artificially sweetened, but not sugar-sweetened, soft drinks suggests an effect of the sweetener rather than other components of the soft drinks, although residual confounding remains

a possibility. PMID: 17275898Age Ageing. 2007 Mar; 36(2): 203-9.Type of alcohol consumed, changes in intake over time and mortality: the Leisure World Cohort Study.Paganini-Hill A, Kawas CH, Corrada MM.Department of Preventive Medicine,Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, USA. annliahiBACKGROUND:modifiable behavioural risk factors including smoking and alcohol consumption are major contributing or actual causes of mortality.OBJECTIVE:to examine the effect of alcohol intake on all-cause mortality in older adults.Design and SETTING:prospective population-based cohort study of residents of a California, United States retirement

community.SUBJECTS:8,877 women and 5,101 men (median age, 74 years) who in the early 1980s completed a postal health survey incluing details on alcohol consumption.METHODS:participants were followed for 23 years (1981-2004) including two follow-up questionnaires (in 1992 and 1998) asking about current alcohol intake.Age-adjusted and multivariate-adjusted risk ratios of death and 95 % confidence intervals were calculated separately for men and women, using proportional hazard regression.RESULTS:of the 8,644 women and 4,980 men with complete information on the variables of interest and potential confounders,6,930 women and 4,456 men had died (median age, 87 years).Both men and women who drank alcohol had decreased mortality compared with non-drinkers.Those who drank two or more drinks per day had a 15 % reduced risk of death.The reduced risk was not limited

to one type of alcohol.Stable drinkers (those who reported drinking both at baseline and follow-up) had a significantly decreased risk of death compared with stable non-drinkers.Those who started drinking at follow-up also had a significantly lower risk.Women who quit drinking were at increased risk of death.CONCLUSION:in elderly men and women, moderate alcohol intake exhibits a beneficial effect on mortality.Those who quit may do so for health reasons that affect mortality.PMID: 17350977http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/163/10/938 free full textAm J Epidemiol. 2006 May 15; 163(10): 938-49. Epub 2006 Apr 26.Association of body mass index and weight change with all-cause mortality in the elderly.Maria M. Corrada 1,2,Claudia H. Kawas

1,2,3,Farah Mozaffar 2and Annlia Paganini-Hill 41 Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA2 Institute for Brain Aging and Dementia, University of California, Irvine, CA3 Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA4 Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CACorrespondence to Dr. Maria M. Corrada, Hewitt Hall, Room 1513, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-1400 (e-mail: mcorrada).Received for publication August 22, 2005. Accepted for publication December 21,

2005.The authors explored the relation of body mass index (BMI; weight (kg)/height (m)**2) and weight change to all-cause mortality in the elderly, using data from a large, population-based California cohort study, the Leisure World Cohort Study.They estimated relative risks of mortality associated with self-reported BMI at study entry, BMI at age 21 years, and weight change between age 21 and study entry.Participants were categorized as underweight (BMI < 18.5), normal weight (BMI 18.5-24.9), overweight (BMI 25-29.9), or obese (BMI over 30).Of 13,451 participants aged 73 years (on average) at study entry (1981-1985), 11,203 died during 23 years of follow-up (1981-2004).Relative to normal weight, being underweight (relative risk (RR) = 1.51, 95 % confidence interval (CI): 1.38, 1.65)or obese (RR = 1.25, 95 % CI: 1.13, 1.38) at study entry was associated with increased

mortality.People who were either overweight or obese at age 21 also had increased mortality (RR = 1.17, 95 % CI: 1.09, 1.25).Participants who lost weight between age 21 and study entry had increased mortality regardless of their BMI category at age 21.Obesity was significantly associated with increased mortality only among persons under age 75 years and among never or past smokers.This study highlights the influence on older-age mortality risk of being overweight or obese in young adulthood and underweight or obese in later life. PMID: 16641311"Participants were members of the Leisure World Cohort Study, a population-based study initiated in 1981.A health questionnaire was mailed on June 1, 1981, to all residents who owned homes in Leisure World Laguna Hills, a retirement community in California.Residents who moved into the community after this date were

sent surveys in 1982, 1983, and 1985.The survey was returned by 13,978 residents (61 percent).Nonrespondents had higher hospitalization rates than respondents during the first year of follow-up and higher death rates during the first 3 years but not thereafter (3).The cohort, like the population, is primarily Caucasian, educated, and upper middle-class; two thirds are female.The health questionnaire collected information on demographic factors, medical history (selected data), exercise, and smoking, among other variables.The institutional review boards of the University of Southern California and the University of California, Irvine, approved the study.""We analyzed data for 13,451 participants after deleting 527 participants with missing data for the variables of interest.Table 1 shows the characteristics of these participants.The average age at study entry was 73

years, the average duration of follow-up was 13 years, and the majority of participants were women (64 percent).Table 1 also shows the characteristics of participants by BMI category at study entry.People in the higher BMI categories were younger at entry, had greater weight gain, and were more likely to have a history of hypertension or diabetes but were less likely to smoke or have a history of stroke or cancer.""This research was funded by grants from the National Institutes of Health (R01CA32197 and R01AG21055), the Earl Carroll Trust Fund, and the Al and Trish Nichols Chair in Clinical Neuroscience.Conflict of interest: none declared."////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////"Of course, everyone chooses, as a natural priority,to actively find, quickly share, and positively actupon the facts about healthy and safe food, drink,and

environment."Rich Murray, MA Room For All rmforall505-501-2298 1943 Otowi Road, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87505http://RMForAll.blogspot.com new primary archiveaspartameNM/messagesgroup with 98 members, 1,479 posts in a public,searchable archiveaspartameNM/message/1472bias, omissions, incuriosity = opportunity, aspartame safety evaluation,

Magnuson BA, Burdock GA, Williams GM, 7 more, 2007 Sept, Ajinomoto funded 98 pages html [$ 32 781888262_content.pdf]: Murray 2007.09.15////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////13 mainstream research studies in 24 months showing aspartame toxicity, also 3 relevant studies on methanol and formaldehyde: Murray 2007.10.10aspartameNM/message/1464Aspartame toxicity was shown in thirteen detailed mainstream research studies in 24 months in work by expert teams in South Africa, England, Italy, Greece, Hungary, and Mexico.Very little has been publicized in mass print and broadcast media.Also highly relevant are a study in South Korea that finds levels of methanol similar to those from aspartame drinks cause the hangovers from alcohol drinks,

a study in China on Alzheimer's type damage in nerve cells from low dose formaldehyde, and an IARC review by 25 experts that determines formaldehyde to be a human carcinogen.////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////aspartameNM/message/147519,000 people, the 4% of users of aspartame who drink average 5 cans daily, have more problems in NIH AARP study of 474,000 people: Murray 2007.09.21http://RMForAll.blogspot.com September 21, 2007This is the first good data about the percentage of aspartame users who use over 3 cans daily, averaging 5 cans daily at 200 mg per 12 oz can diet soda.About 4% of 473,984 is 19,000 people, with a peak intake of 17 cans daily,

and average 5 cans daily.It would be worthwhile to investigate a wide variety of symptoms for the 0.1 % of highest level users, about 500 people.For about 200 million USA aspartame users, this would be 200,000 people.Table 1 reveals consistent increase in problems from--------------------- zero to (400-600) to (over 600) mg/daspartame intake:% of cohort ---------- 46 -------- 5 -------- 4 %mean aspartame mg/d --- 0 -------441 ------ 98616+ education -------- 37 ------- 40 ------- 34 %diabetes history ------ 3 ------- 22 ------- 26 %alcohol g/d ---------- 14 ------- 11 ------- 13never smoke ---------- 36 ------- 31 ------- 29 %Body Mass Index ------ 26 ------- 29 ------- 2918.5 - 25 ------------ 42 ------- 21 ------- 19 %30 - 35 -------------- 13 ------- 23 ------- 26 %over 35 -------------- 4 ------- 10 ------- 13 %Physical

activity %:under 3-4/mo --------- 32 ------- 32 ------- 37 %under 1-2/wk --------- 22 ------- 21 ------- 19 %over 3-4/wk ---------- 45 ------- 45 ------- 43 %Calories kcal ----- 1,919 ---- 1,855 ---- 2,044 %Caffeine mg/d ------ 393 ------ 364 ------ 424There do seem to be many increases of problemsfrom the second to third row, as mean aspartame use doubles.Granted, this is cherry picking the data, selecting interesting patterns.Correlations alone do not prove any direction of causation.Nevertheless, it may be of value to study the correlations for increasing aspartame intake among the 4 % using over 600 mg, the equivalent of 3 cans 12-oz cans diet soda daily. The average use for this group is 5 cans daily.For instance, are a minority of these heavy users displaying the great majority of the problems that are reflected in the mean for each level of use,

with most users only having little or no increase in problems?This is a group of about 20,000 people.aspartameNM/message/1141Nurses Health Study can quickly reveal the extent of aspartame (methanol, formaldehyde, formic acid) toxicity: Murray 2004.11.21The Nurses Health Study is a bonanza of information about the health ofprobably hundreds of nurses who use 6 or more cans daily of diet softdrinks -- they have also stored blood and tissue samples from their immense pool of subjects, over 100,000 for decades.Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2006 Sep; 15(9): 1654-9.Comment in:Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2007 Jul; 16(7): 1527-8;author reply 1528-9.Consumption of aspartame-containing beverages and incidence of hematopoietic and brain malignancies.Lim

U, Subar AF, Mouw T, Hartge P, Morton LM, Stolzenberg-Solomon R, Campbell D, Hollenbeck AR, Schatzkin A.Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences,National Cancer Institute, 6130 Executive Boulevard, EPN 4005, Rockville, MD 20852-7344, USA. PMID: 16985027Unhee Lim 1,Amy F. Subar 2, subara,Traci Mouw 1,Patricia Hartge 1,Lindsay M. Morton 1,Rachael Stolzenberg-Solomon 1,David Campbell 3,Albert R. Hollenbeck 4and Arthur Schatzkin 11 Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics,2 Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services;3 Information Management Services, Inc., Rockville,

Maryland; and4 AARP, Washington, District of ColumbiaRequests for reprints: Amy Subar,Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences,National Cancer Institute,6130 Executive Boulevard, EPN 4005, Rockville, MD 20852-7344.Phone: 301-594-0831; Fax: 301-435-3710. E-mail: subarahttp://cebp.aacrjournals.org/cgi/content/full/15/9/1654 free full textBACKGROUND:In a few animal experiments, aspartame has been linked to hematopoietic and brain cancers.Most animal studies have found no increase in the risk of these or other cancers.Data on humans are sparse for either cancer.Concern lingers regarding this widely used artificial sweetener.OBJECTIVE:We investigated prospectively

whether aspartame consumption is associated with the risk of hematopoietic cancers or gliomas (malignant brain cancer).METHODS:We examined 285,079 men and 188,905 women ages 50 to 71 years in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study cohortDaily aspartame intake was derived from responses to a baseline self-administered food frequency questionnaire that queried consumption of four aspartame-containing beverages (soda, fruit drinks, sweetened iced tea, and aspartame added to hot coffee and tea) during the past year.Histologically confirmed incident cancers were identified from eight state cancer registries.Multivariable-adjusted relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression that adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, body mass index, and history of diabetes.RESULTS:During over 5 years of follow-up (1995-2000), 1,888

hematopoietic cancers and 315 malignant gliomas were ascertained.Higher levels of aspartame intake were not associated with the risk of overall hematopoietic cancer(RR for over 600 mg/d, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.76-1.27),glioma (RR for over 400 mg/d, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.46-1.15;P for inverse linear trend = 0.05),or their subtypes in men and women.CONCLUSIONS:Our findings do not support the hypothesis that aspartame increases hematopoietic or brain cancer risk. PMID: 16985027"We cannot exclude the possibility that higher aspartame consumption than that observed in this study may be associated with an elevated risk of hematopoietic or brain cancers.In the laboratory study with positive findings, animals were fed doses starting from 4 mg up to 5,000 mg per kg body weight.Significantly elevated lymphomas and leukemias were observed in female rats fed 20 mg of aspartame and higher (e.g., 1,200

mg for humans weighing 60 kg or 132 lb; refs. 13, 14).The reported aspartame intake in our data ranged from 0 to 3,400 mg/d with sparse numbers in the upper intake categories (under 1 % consuming over 1,200 mg/d).However, we did not detect any increase in risk estimates in the highest categories (over 1,200 or 2,000 mg/d, which is equivalent to about 7 to 11 cans of soft drinks daily) compared with the lowest categories,and the associations were similarly null in both men and women."Table 1. NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study aspartame intake levels from beverages, 1995-2000 (N = 473,984) [ adapted from article ]0 - under 100 - 100-200 - 200-400 - 400-600 - 600-1200 - over 1200 mg/dcohort %46 ------- 25 ------ 13 ------- 7 ------- 5 -- about 3 --- under 1////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////aspartameNM/message/1472bias, omissions, incuriosity, opportunity, aspartame safety evaluation, Magnuson BA, Burdock GA, Williams GM, 7 more, 2007 Sept, Ajinomoto funded 98 pages html [$ 32 781888262_content.pdf]: Murray 2007.09.14Eur J Clin Nutr. 2007 Aug 8; [Epub ahead of print]Direct and indirect cellular effects of aspartame on the brain.Humphries P,Pretorius E, resia.pretorius,Naudé H.[1] Department of Anatomy, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, Gauteng, South Africa[2] Department of Anatomy, University of the Limpopo, South Africa.aspartameNM/message/1463Ultrastruct Pathol. 2007 Mar-Apr; 31(2): 77-83.Ultrastructural changes to rabbit fibrin and platelets due to aspartame.Pretorius E,Humphries P.Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine,University of Pretoria, South Africa.[ Humphries P also atDepartment of Anatomy, University of Limpopo.Medunsa Campus, Garankuwa. South Africa ]*Correspondence to E. Pretorius,BMW Building, PO Box 2034,Faculty of Health Sciences,University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South AfricaaspartameNM/message/1452[ not about aspartame, but highly suggestive... ]aspartameNM/message/1471Food additives and hyperactive behaviour in kids, McCann D, Grimshaw K, Sonuga-Barke, Warner JO, Stevenson J, et al, The Lancet 2007.09.06 pdf 454 KB: Murray 2007.09.06www.dailymail.co.uk/pages/live/articles/health/womenfamily.html?in_article_id=45\3431 & in_page_id=1799By UK Daily Mail NewspaperThe proof food additives ARE as bad as we fearedBy SEAN POULTER Last updated at 09:53am on 18th May 2007[ This team will publish their confirming study later in 2007. ]http://adc.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/89/6/506Archives of Disease in Childhood 2004; 89(6): 506-511Erratum in: Arch Dis Child. 2005 Aug; 90(8): 875.© 2004 BMJ Publishing Group & Royal College of Paediatrics and Child HealthThe effects of a double blind, placebo

controlled, artificial foodcolourings and benzoate preservative challenge on hyperactivity in ageneral population sample of preschool childrenB Bateman 1,J O Warner 1, j.o.warner,E Hutchinson 3,T Dean 5, tara.dean,P Rowlandson 4, Dr. Piers Rolandson, Paediatric TutorC Gant 5,J Grundy 5,C Fitzgerald 3and J Stevenson 2 jsteven,1 Infection, Inflammation and Repair Division, University ofSouthampton, Southampton, UK2 Department of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK3 Department of Clinical Psychology, St Mary’s Hospital, Isle of Wight, UK4 Department of Paediatrics, St Mary’s Hospital, Isle of Wight, UK5 David Hide Asthma and Allergy Research Centre, St Mary’s Hospital,Isle of Wight, UKaspartameNM/message/1461www.ehponline.org/members/2007/10271/10271.pdf free full text 24 pagesNational Institutes of HealthU.S. Department of Health and Human

ServicesENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVESLifespan Exposure to Low Doses of Aspartame Beginning During Prenatal Life Increases Cancer Effects in Ratsdoi:10.1289/ehp.10271 (available at http://dx.doi.org/)Online 13 June 2007Morando Soffritti 1,Fiorella Belpoggi 1,Eva Tibaldi 1,Davide Degli Esposti 1,Michela Lauriola 11 Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center, European Ramazzini Foundation of Oncology and Environmental Sciences, Bologna ItalyAddress of the institution: Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center,European Ramazzini Foundation of Oncology and Environmental SciencesCastello di Bentivoglio, Via Saliceto, 3, 40010 Bentivoglio, Bologna, Italy +39 051 6640460 fax +39 051 6640223crcfr, www.ramazzini.itAddress correspondence to: M. SoffrittiAcknowledgements:This research was supported entirely by the European Ramazzini Foundation Environmental Sciences.The authors declare that they have no competing financial interests.aspartameNM/message/1441http://www.ramazzini.it/fondazione/docs/NYAS_Aspartame_Ramazzini.pdfResults of Long-Term Carcinogenicity Bioassay on Sprague-Dawley RatsExposed to Aspartame Administered in FeedAnn. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 2006 Sep; 1076: 559-577.Fiorella Belpoggi,Morando Soffritti,Michela Padovani,Davide Degli Esposti,Michelina Lauriola, andFranco Minardi.The end judges everything -- HERODOTUS (480-425 B.C.) The HistoryCesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center,European Foundation of Oncology and Environmental Sciences'B. Ramazzini', 40010 Bentivoglio, Bologna, ItalyaspartameNM/message/1382[ and, previously ]First experimental demonstration of the multipotentialcarcinogenic effects of aspartame administered in the feed to Sprague-Dawley rats.Environ. Health Perspect. 2006 Mar; 114: 379-385. PMID: 16507461Soffritti M, Belpoggi F, Degli Esposti D, Lambertini L, Tibaldi E, Rigano A.Environmental Health Perspectives Volume 113, Number 11November 2005 Current print issueThe full version of this article is available for free in PDF format.http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/members/2005/8711/8711.pdf 35 pagesFirst Experimental Demonstration of theMultipotential Carcinogenic Effects of AspartameAdministered in the Feed to Sprague-Dawley Rats.Morando Soffritti, Fiorella Belpoggi, Davide Degli Esposti,Luca Lambertini, Eva Tibaldi,

and Anna Rigano.doi:10.1289/ehp.8711 (available at http://dx.doi.org/)Online 17 November 2005The National Institute of Environmental Health SciencesNational Institutes of HealthU.S. Department of Health and Human Serviceshttp://www.ehponline.org/Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center,European Ramazzini Foundation of Oncology andEnvironmental SciencesSofritti, M. et al. 2005.Aspartame induces lymphomas and leukaemias in rats.Eur. J. Oncol. 2005; 10: 107-116.aspartameNM/message/1250Food Chem Toxicol. 2007 Jun 16;[Epub ahead of print]The effect of aspartame metabolites on the suckling ratfrontal cortex

acetylcholinesterase. An in vitro study.Simintzi I,Schulpis KH, inchildh,Angelogianni P,Liapi C,Tsakiris S. stsakir,Department of Experimental Physiology, Medical School,University of Athens,P.O. Box 65257, GR 15401 Athens, Greece.aspartameNM/message/1459Toxicology. 2007 May 18; [Epub ahead of print]l-Cysteine and glutathione restore the reduction of rat

hippocampal Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity induced by aspartame metabolites.Simintzi I,Schulpis KH,Angelogianni P,Liapi C,Tsakiris S.Department of Experimental Physiology,Medical School, Athens University,P.O. Box 65257, GR-15401 Athens, Greece.aspartameNM/message/1447Pharmacol Res. 2007 May 13; [Epub ahead of print]The effect of aspartame on acetylcholinesterase activity inhippocampal homogenates of suckling rats.Simintzi I,Schulpis KH,Angelogianni P,Liapi C,Tsakiris S.Department of Experimental Physiology,Medical School, University of Athens,P.O. Box 65257, GR-15401 Athens, Greece.aspartameNM/message/1444Eur J Clin Nutr. 2005 Dec 14; [Epub ahead of print]The effect of L-cysteine and glutathione on inhibition ofNa(+), K(+)-ATPase activity by aspartame metabolitesin human erythrocyte [red blood cell] membrane.Schulpis KH, Kleopatra H. Schulpis, MD, PhD.Institute of Child Health, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital,GR-11527 Athens (Greece) +30 1 7708291, Fax +30 1 7700111inchildhPapassotiriou I, biochem,Tsakiris T,Tsakiris S. Stylianos Tsakiris. stsakir,1 Institute of Child Health, Research Center,'Aghia Sophia' Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.ggbriass ersi_voskaridoummoschov siahanidouaspartameNM/message/1279Pharmacol Res. 2005 Aug 26; [Epub ahead of print]The effect of aspartame metabolites on human [red blood cell]erythrocyte membrane acetylcholinesterase activity.Tsakiris S,Giannoulia-Karantana A,Simintzi I,Schulpis KH.Department of Experimental Physiology, Medical School,University of Athens, P.O. Box 65257, GR-154

01 Athens, Greece.Stylianos Tsakiris. stsakir,Giannoulia-Karantana A. First Department of Pediatrics,Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, University of Athens, Greece.Kleopatra H. Schulpis, MD, PhD. Institute of Child Health,Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, GR-11527 Athens (Greece)Tel. +30 1 7708291, Fax +30 1 7700111 inchildh[ Papoutsakis T. tina.papoutsakis,Papadopoulos G. Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology,University of Thessaly, Ploutonos 26, 41221 Larisa, Greecepapg, ]aspartameNM/message/1213In Vivo. 2007 Jan-Feb; 21(1): 89-92.The effect of aspartame administration on oncogene and suppressor geneexpressions.Gombos K, katalin_gombos,Varjas T,Orsos Z,Polyak E,Peredi J,Varga Z,Nowrasteh G,Tettinger A,Mucsi G,Ember I.Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Public Health University of Pecs,Pecs, Hungary.aspartameNM/message/1414Hum Exp Toxicol. 2006 Aug; 25(8): 453-9.The effect of aspartame on rat brain xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes.Vences-Mejia A 1,Labra-Ruiz N 1,Hernandez-Martinez N 1,Dorado-Gonzalez V 1,Gomez-Garduno J 1,Perez-Lopez I 1,Nosti-Palacios R 1,Camacho Carranza R 2,Espinosa-Aguirre JJ 2.Laboratorio de Toxicologia

Genetica,1: Instituto Nacional de Pediatria, Insurgentes Sur, 3700-C,04530 Mexico, DF Mexico.2: Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Apartado postal 70228,Ciudad Universitaria 04510 México, D.F., Méxicohttp://www.biomedicas.unam.mx/index.asp*Correspondence: JJ Espinosa-Aguirre, Instituto de InvestigacionesBiome´dicas, UNAM, Apartado postal 70228, CiudadUniversitaria 04510 Me´xico, D.F., Me´xicoHuman & Experimental Toxicology (2006) 25(8): 453 - 459.www.sagepublications.comc 2006 SAGE Publications 10.1191/0960327106het646oa[ Dra. Araceli Vences MJefa de Laboratorio de Toxicologia Genetica6° P de Hospital Laboratorios10 84 09 00 Ext.1410 -1448 aritaven, ]aspartameNM/message/1373Toxicol Sci. 2006 Mar;90(1):178-87.Synergistic interactions between commonly used food additives in adevelopmental neurotoxicity test.Lau K, McLean WG, Williams DP, Howard CV.Developmental Toxicopathology Unit,Department of Human Anatomy & Cell Biology,University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK;Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics,University of Liverpool, Sherrington Buildings, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK.W. Graham McLean w.g.mclean,C. V. Howard c.v.howard,D. P. Williams dom, 0151 794 5791 http://www.liv.ac.uk/Miss. Karen Lau karenlau, 0151 795 4223aspartameNM/message/1271http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1471-2202-8-9.pdffree full text 28 pagesThis Provisional PDF corresponds to the article as it appeared upon acceptance.Copyedited and fully formatted PDF and full text (HTML) versions will be made available soon.Amyloid-like aggregates of neuronal tau induced by formaldehyde promoteapoptosis of neuronal cellsBMC Neuroscience 2007 Jan 23, 8(1): 9 doi:

10.1186/1471-2202-8-9Chunlai Nie niecl1022,Xing sheng Wang step,Ying Liu liuy,Sarah Perrett sperrett,Rongqiao He herq,ISSN 1471-2202Article type Research articleSubmission date 15 August 2006Acceptance date 23 January 2007Publication date 23 January 2007Article URL http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2202/8/9Chun Lai Nie 1,3,Xing Sheng Wang 1,3,Ying Liu 1,Sarah Perrett 2 andRong Qiao He 1,3*1 State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science,Institute of Biophysics, 15 Datun Rd, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China2 National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules,Institute of Biophysics, 15 Datun Rd, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101,

China3 Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Rd, ShijingshanDistrict, Beijing 100049, China*Corresponding authoraspartameNM/message/1406Addict Biol. 2005 Dec;10(4): 351-5.Concentration changes of methanol in blood samples duringan experimentally induced alcohol hangover state.Woo YS, Yoon SJ, Lee HK, Lee CU, Chae JH, Lee CT, Kim DJ.Chuncheon National Hospital, Department of Psychiatry,The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.http://www.cuk.ac.kr/eng/ sysopSongsin Campus: 02-740-9714 Songsim Campus: 02-2164-4116Songeui Campus: 02-2164-4114http://www.cuk.ac.kr/eng/sub055.htm eight hospitalsaspartameNM/message/1394" Absorbed formaldehyde can be oxidized to formate and carbon dioxide or can be incorporated into biologic macromolecules. "[ References include: Soffritti M, Belpoggi F, Lambertini L, Lauriola M,Padovani M, Maltoni C. 2002. Results of long-term experimental studies on the carcinogenicity of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde in rats. Ann NY Acad Sci 982: 87-105.Soffritti M, Maltoni C, Maffei F, Biagi R. 1989. Formaldehyde: an experimental multipotential carcinogen. Toxicol

Ind Health 5:699-730. "Morando Soffritti is a member of the Working Group. ]http://www.ehponline.org/members/2005/7542/7542.html free full textAfter a thorough discussion of the epidemiologic, experimental, and other relevant data, the working group concluded that formaldehyde is carcinogenic to humans, based on sufficient evidence in humans and in experimental animals.In the epidemiologic studies, there was sufficient evidence that formaldehyde causes nasopharyngeal cancer, "strong but not sufficient" evidence of leukemia, and limited evidence of sinonasal cancer.The working group also concluded that 2-butoxyethanol and1-tert-butoxy-2-propanol are not classifiable as to their carcinogenicity to humans, each having limited evidence in experimental animals and inadequate evidence in

humans.These three evaluations and the supporting data will be published as Volume 88 of the IARC Monographs. PMID: 16140628Environ Health Perspect. 2005 Sep; 113(9): 1205-8.Meeting report: summary of IARC monographs on formaldehyde, 2-butoxyethanol, and 1-tert-butoxy-2-propanol.Cogliano VJ, Vincent James Cogliano cogliano,Grosse Y, Yann Grosse grosse,Baan RA, Robert A. Baan baan,Straif K, Kurt straif,Secretan MB, Marie Béatrice Secretan secretan,El Ghissassi F, Fatiha El Ghissassi elghissassi,Working Group for Volume 88.IARC, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon CEDEX 08, FranceTel: +33 (0)4 72 73 84 85 - Fax: +33 (0)4 72 73 85 75© IARC 2004 - http://monographs.iarc.fr cie,Monographs Recently PublishedIARC Monographs Vol 88Formaldehyde, 2-Butoxyethanol and 1-tert-Butoxypropan-2-olDecember 2006478 pagesISBN 92 832 1288 6US$ 40This volume re-evaluates the available evidence on the carcinogenic potential of formaldehyde, a substance that is found in the workplace and in the environment.Formaldehyde is widely used in resins that bind wood products, pulp and paper; in glasswool and rockwool insulation; in plastics and coatings, textile finishing, chemical manufacture; and as a disinfectant and preservative.Also evaluated are two glycol ethers, 2-butoxyethanol and 1-tert-butoxypropan-2-ol,which are widely used as solvents in paints and paint thinners,

coatings, glass and surface cleaners, inks, adhesives, personal-care products, and as chemical intermediates.As for formaldehyde, there is sufficient evidence in epidemiological studies for nasopharyngeal cancer, strong but not sufficient evidence for leukaemia, and limited evidence for sinonasal cancer.The extensive scientific database on the mechanisms by which formaldehyde can induce nasal-tract cancer in humans is considered.These data provide strong support for the empirical observation ofnasopharyngeal cancer in humans.In contrast, the lack of information on possible mechanisms by whichformaldehyde might increase the risk for leukaemia in humans tempered the interpretation of the epidemiological data on that cancer.Although this volume focuses on a qualitative assessment of the carcinogenic potential of formaldehyde, subsequent predictions of the risks for nasopharyngeal cancer should consider pertinent

information on mechanisms of carcinogenesis, including genotoxicity and dose-dependent cytoxicity.A theme common to the three evaluations is the consideration of mechanistic information to develop and evaluate hypotheses on the sequence of steps that lead to the induction of tumours in experimental animals.The hypothesized mechanisms described provide an interesting set of cases that range from a vast literature on respiratory tract tumours in rats induced by the inhalation of formaldehyde to some more tentative hypotheses on the various tumours observed in animals following exposure to both glycol ethers.Recurring issues were the criteria that characterize a rare tumour or how to introduce additional information to resolve difficult questions; for example, how to consider the results of historical controls.International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.An

international, interdisciplinary working group of expert scientists met in June 2004 to develop IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans (IARC Monographs) on formaldehyde, 2-butoxyethanol, and 1-tert-butoxy-2-propanol.Each IARC Monograph includes a critical review of the pertinent scientific literature and an evaluation of an agent's potential to cause cancer in humans.Key words: 1-tert-butoxy-2-propanol, 2-butoxyethanol, carcinogen, formaldehyde, glycol ethers, hazard identification, IARC Monographs, leukemia, nasopharyngeal cancer, sinonasal cancer. Environ Health Perspect 113: 1205-1208 (2005) .doi:10.1289/ehp.7542 available via http://dx.doi.org/ [Online 12 May 2005]Address correspondence to V.J. Cogliano, Carcinogen Identification andEvaluation, International Agency for Research on

Cancer, 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69372 Lyon cedex 08, France.33-4-72-73-84-76. fax 33-4-72-73-83-19 cogliano,The Working Group for Volume 88 of the IARC Monographs includes:Ulrich Andrae (Germany) , andrae, Dr. Ulrich Andrae, GSF-Institut für Toxikologie,. Postfach 1129, D-85758 Neuherberg, Germany Fax: 149-089-3187-3449 Sherwood Burge (UK),Rajendra S Chhabra (USA) , http://dir.niehs.nih.gov/dirtob/chhabra.htmchhabrar@..., General Toxicology Group, TOB, ETP, DIRJohn Cocker (UK) , Health and Safety Laboratory, Buxton, UKjohn.cocker,David N Coggon (UK) , MRC Environmental Epidemiology Unit at the University of Southampton, UK dnc,Rory Conolly (USA) , Rconolly, Senior Research Biologist, National Center for Computational Toxicology, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection AgencyPaul Demers (Canada) , pdemers, Occupational Hygiene Institute, University of British ColumbiaDavid A Eastmond (USA) , david.eastmond, Enviromental

ToxicologyGraduate Program, University of California Riverside, CA 92521 (951) 827-4497 (Voice) (951) 827-3087 (Fax)Elaine Faustman (USA) , faustman, Professor, Env. and Occ. Health Sciences, Adjunct Professor, Evans School 206–685–2269Victor J Feron (the Netherlands) , TNO Nutrition and Food Research (retired), The Netherlands TNO-CIVO TOXICOLOGY AND NUTRITION INSTITUTE Utrechtseweg 48 3704 HE Zeist The Netherlands (31)-3404 44 144Michel Gérin (Canada, Chair) , gerinm, Departement de medecine du travail et d'hygiene du milieu, Universite de Montreal, Quebec, Canada.Marcel Goldberg (France) , marcel.goldberg, France -- National Institute of Health and Medical Research INSERM Unite 88, HNSM 14 Rue de Val d'Osne F-94410 St. Maurice France [33] 1-451-83859 [33] 1-451-83889 Departement Sante Travail, Institut de Veille Sanitaire, 12, rue du Val d'Osne, 94410 Saint Maurice, FranceBernard D Goldstein (USA) , bdgold, Director of the Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute and Professor and Chair of the Department of Environmental and Community Medicine at UMDNJ -

Robert Wood Johnson Medical School. Dean's Office, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, A624 Crabtree Hall, 130 DeSoto St., Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.Roland C Grafström (Sweden) , roland.grafstrom, Roland C Grafström, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, S−17177 Stockholm, Sweden Telefax: +46–8−329402Johnni Hansen (Denmark) , johnni, PhD, Senior researcher, Danish Cancer Registry , Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Danish Cancer

Society, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.Michael Hauptmann (USA) , The National Cancer InstituteKathy Hughes (Canada) , Head, Existing Substances Section 1, Health Canada,Ted Junghans (USA) , tjunghans, Technical ResourcesInternational, Inc., 6500 Rock Spring Drive, Suite 650, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA.Dan Krewski (Canada) , MHA, MSc, PhD dkrewski, Professor Director, R. Samuel McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, Institute of Population Healt, 1

Stewart Street, Room 320, Phone: (613) 562-5381 Fax: (613)562-5380Steve Olin (USA) , solin, ILSI International Life Sciences InstituteMartine Reynier (France) , martine.reynier, Mme Martine REYNIER,Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité (INRS), 30, rue Olivier Noyer, 75680 Paris Cedex 14 (France) Tel : +33 (0)1 40 44 30 81 Fax : +33 (0)1 40 44 30 54Judith Shaham (Israel) , yshaham, Occupational CancerDepartment, National Institute of Occupational and Environmental Health,Raanana, Israel. MD, Occupational Cancer Unit, Occupational Health & Rehabilitation Institute, P.O. Box 3, Raanana 43100, ISRAELMorando Soffritti (Italy) , crcfr, European Foundation ofOncology and Environmental Sciences “B. Ramazzini”, Cesare Maltoni Cancer Research Center, Bologna, ItalyLeslie Stayner (USA) , lstayner, Division of Epidemiology andBiostatistics, University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health (M/C 923), 1603 West Taylor Street, Room 971, Chicago, IL 60612. E-mail:Patricia Stewart (USA) , National Food Safety and Toxicology Center, 165 Food Safety and Toxicology Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824; fax

(517) 432-2310Douglas Wolf (USA) , wolf.doug, DVM, PhD, USEPA, (Toxicology)We gratefully acknowledge the important contributions of the administrative staff of the IARC Monographs: S. Egraz, M. Lézère, J. Mitchell, and E. Perez.The IARC Monographs are supported, in part, by grants from the U.S. National Cancer Institute, the European Commission, the U.S. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.The authors declare they have no competing financial interests.Received 31 August 2004 ; accepted 12 May 2005.aspartameNM/message/1417aspartameNM/message/14674 cases of aspartame-induced thrombocytopenia [ very low platelets in blood ], HJ Roberts MD, Letter in Southern Medical Journal 2007 May:100(5); 543: Murray 2007.08.25aspartameNM/message/1468Formaldehyde induced urticarial vasculitis in male medical student,age 40, Michael Pellizzari, Gillian Marshman, Flinders U.,Australasian J. Dermatol. 2007 Aug: Murray 2007.08.29aspartameNM/message/1469highly toxic

formaldehyde, the cause of alcohol hangovers, is made by the body from 100 mg doses of methanol from dark wines and liquors, dimethyl dicarbonate, and aspartame: Murray 2007.08.31aspartameNM/message/1470new details on how formaldehyde and formic acid from methanol are neurotoxic: Chun Lai Nie, Rong Giao He, et al, PLoS ONE 2(7): e629 2007.07.18 Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing: Murray 20097.09.01

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