Guest guest Posted July 3, 2007 Report Share Posted July 3, 2007 - Kimberly Dawley Tuesday, July 03, 2007 11:45 PM bird flu Bird flu resurfaces in Germany - city officials The southern German city of Nuremberg said on Sunday that the bird flu virus had been discovered in the bodies of eight dead birds found in the state of Bavaria, Germany's first confirmed cases this year. The corpses of two more birds are being analysed to see if they also contained the H5N1 avian flu virus, a city spokeswoman said. "The city of Nuremberg and the Veterinary Office for the region of Fuerth have established a quarantine zone in the affected areas and will continue observation activity around Nuremberg," the city said in a statement. The bodies have been sent to a national laboratory to determine if the virus is the highly pathogenic strain of the H5N1 virus, it added. Among the birds found in two lakes near Nuremberg were swans, a duck and a goose, the statement said. Last year, some 13 European Union member states had confirmed cases of bird flu -- Germany, Austria, Denmark, Italy, Greece, Britain, the Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, France and Hungary. Czech veterinarians started culling several thousand turkeys at a farm last week after tests confirmed the country's first outbreak of a deadly form of bird flu in poultry. Bird flu has been spreading across southeast Asia, killing two people in Vietnam this month, the first deaths there since 2005. Globally, the H5N1 virus has killed nearly 200 people out of over 300 known cases, according to the World Health Organisation. None of the victims were from Europe. Hundreds of millions of birds have died or been slaughtered. http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/L24595150.htm More dead birds discovered floating in Bahamian waters By SHEENA BUTLER FN Summer Intern An alarming number of dead birds are being discovered floating along the shores of the northern Bahamas causing concern among some residents in the Grand Bahama community. A week after the first incident was reported, accounts of dead birds floating in Bahamian waters are still filing in. Tom Christian, a director of Bahamas Air Sea Association (BASRA), said that they have become aware of several reports regarding the discovery of dead birds. The first incident happened in the waters near the east end of Grand Bahama Island, off Borrows Cay. "A boat had left from Freeport and went to Southern Abaco and on their trip there, and, as they were coming back they spotted dead birds," Christian explained. "The largest concentration of the dead birds was off Borrows Cay, floating in the ocean." The boaters estimated that they had seen somewhere between 50 to 100 dead birds on their trip. The birds were described as having brown wings, white chests and hooked beaks. Mike Wallace, chief public analyst at the Department of Environmental Health Services (DEHS), said last week that the DEHS was aware of the incident but had not collected any carcasses at that point. "We have, and do, herewith request that if there are fresh sightings, that we be called immediately so as to have a chance to collect fresh carcasses that we can pass on to the Department of Agriculture for review," Wallace said. According to Christian, there have been several new sightings since the initial incident, yet he has not seen any action. There was an incident reported to BASRA on June 25 by persons who had spotted another large quantity of birds 15 miles off Freeport and BASRA also received information of more dead bird citings as far as Bimini. Christian said that BASRA has unsucessfully tried to get into contact with Mike Wallace and the DEHS. Several eyewitnesses also contacted The Freeport News last week to report incidents of dead birds along Grand Bahama's shores. According to a website recommended by Wallace, hundreds of dead birds also washed ashore in Florida last week and though scientists are uncertain why these large numbers of birds died, starvation is suspected. This information might suggest a possible explanation but some residents are not quick to accept this data as an answer to their concerns. "I'm looking for the Health Department to do their own research in our area and let the people know that dead birds could be washing up on shore," Christian said. He also went on to say that while walking along one of Grand Bahama's beaches, he also came upon some dead birds. "On the 26th, I went out and picked up four dead birds, within a mile, while walking down Williams Town Beach," he said. At this point, the reason for the mass deaths of the birds remains unknown. Residents are concerned that the biggest threat is not knowing what the possible health hazards may be, resulting in the spread of misinformation. "The biggest danger could be kids picking up the birds and playing with them or people stepping on them and becoming contaminated," Christian explained. Some are speculating that the birds might be eating some hazardous materials in the water, meaning that some of the fish might also be contaminated. Others think that the birds may have fallen victim to the bird flu; either possibility warrants attention in the opinion of concerned residents. The Freeport News was informed by Wallace that once information on the dead birds has been passed on to the Department of Agricul-ture, then, the issue is no longer in the hands of the DEHS. The Freeport News attempted to contact persons in charge at the Department of Agriculture yesterday but those individuals were unavailable. http://freeport.nassauguardian.net/national_local/328164688764451.php Togo Takes Emergency Action Against Avian Flu Outbreak Lome Togo (PANA) , After the discovery last week of Avian Influenza (AI) virus in a Sigbehoue poultry farm in the north-western suburb of Aneho city in south-east of Togo, the government on Wednesday announced "emergency" measures to curb the outbreak. According to the Inter-ministerial Committee on Avian Influenza, the affected area has been sealed off, and all the poultry there slaughtered, incinerated and buried underground. In a news conference held Wednesday, the Committee, based on the findings of the latest analyses conducted in Italy, confirmed anew the presence of the H5N1 virus in Togo, and announced measures to curb the phenomenon. "We have prohibited poultry circulation, and decided to close all the poultry markets in the Lakes prefecture, the area where the virus was found," said Yves Madow Nagou, Togolese minister of Livestock, Agriculture and Fishing. The people who had contact with the poultry are put under the control of the health services, a measure that, according to the minister, will help to follow up and protect them. In addition, the Committee urged the populations to report any massive poultry deaths, so that the relevant services can operate and implement the relevant measures. Such measures may include slaughtering all the poultry stock in the affected area, and sealing off the contaminated area. According to the Togolese authorities, there will be no slaughtering without compensations. Every slaughtered poultry head will be compensated up to between 2,500 and 5,000 CFA francs. The discovery of the first AI case in Togo was last week, and it was first confirmed by laboratory analyses in Accra, Ghana. The contaminated farm, early June, had lost 50% of the 5,574 poultry stock it was hosting. In February 2006, the Togolese government had set up an Inter- ministerial Committee responsible for implementing a plan of action to fight avian flu. The Committee had prohibited, since last October, the importation of "live poultry and by-products" from countries where the virus was reported. http://www.afriquenligne.fr/actualites/english_section/togo_takes_emergency_action_against_avian_flu_outbreak_200706291062/ All poultry at Czech Norin farm culled over bird flu Norin- Czech military and firefighters have completed the liquidation of some 28,000 broilers this morning at a farm where the deadly H5N1 strain of bird flu was confirmed on Wednesday, Ales Cernohorsky from the regional firefighters' rescue corps told. All poultry at Czech Norin farm culled over bird flu Norin- Czech military and firefighters have completed the liquidation of some 28,000 broilers this morning at a farm where the deadly H5N1 strain of bird flu was confirmed on Wednesday, Ales Cernohorsky from the regional firefighters' rescue corps told. This morning the culling of the poultry of small farmers in the neighbourhood will be completed. Soldiers and firefighters will disinfect and clean the Norin farm. Veterinaries have closed the farm today and started to take safety measures similar to those applied in Tisova, four kilometres away from Norin, where bird flu was uncovered at a local turkey farm last week. Pardubice Regional deputy governor Roman Linek said that the inhabitants of the region do not face any threat. The police have closed all roads to Norin and they only let locals in. The ban on poultry exports to EU countries has been introduced in the region, Pardubice regional authorities spokeswoman Katerina Nohavova said. This week, bird flu virus was also detected in a dead swan found in Lednice, south Moravia. However, the results of the first test for H5N1 are yet to be confirmed by the National Reference Laboratory in Prague. The first bird flu case in the Czech Republic was discovered in March 2006. Another 13 cases of H5N1 infection of swans living in the wild were registered last year. http://www.ceskenoviny.cz/news/index_view.php?id=259749 Scientists discover 'flu-like bat virus AUSTRALIAN scientists have played a key role in the discovery of a new virus carried by bats that can cause serious flu-like symptoms in humans. Dr Linfa Wang, a molecular virologist with the CSIRO in Geelong, Victoria, said the new virus was named Melaka, after the area of Malaysia where it was isolated in early 2006. “So far, we don't have evidence that it is fatal, but it causes severe respiratory distress,” Dr Wang told AAP. “It like a severe dose of flu or SARS-like symptoms,” he said. Over 8,000 cases of SARS, or Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, were reported in a number of countries after an epidemic between November 2002 and July 2003. Dr Wang said the Melaka virus was closely related to the Nelson Bay reovirus, which was isolated from a fruit bat in NSW in 1968. Reoviruses, or Respiratory Enteric Orphan viruses, were first isolated in humans in the early 1950s and named because they were not associated with any known disease. The Melaka virus causes fever, headache, muscle aches and pains, as well as vomiting and diarrhoea in children. So far, only one family in Malaysia had fallen victim to the virus and all had recovered, Dr Wang said. “That family had a visit from a bat,” Dr Wang said. “In Malaysia, they have open doors and open windows, and one night they were watching TV and a bat flew in and frenetically tried to get out for two to three minutes. “It eventually went out and then seven days later, the father of the family got sick. “Another seven days later, two of his five children came down with flu-like symptoms.” Malaysian health authorities at first thought the family had contracted SARS or bird flu, Dr Wang said. But when they could not identify the samples sent to laboratories in Selangor, they called on Australian scientists at the CSIRO laboratories in Geelong to collaborate on the project. Dr Wang said Australia had a similar genus of fruit bats to those in Malaysia, although not the same species. “What we want to know now is how widespread it is in bats and what the risk factors are in different populations,” he said. “We should also try to avoid direct contact with bats, which are the only mammals that can fly, and therefore have a different environment and ecological niche.” The research findings were published online today in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,20867,21969730-2702,00.html Study: Dogs Can Shed H5N1 Virus For two years, we've had anecdotal reports of dogs and cats dying in unusual numbers in and around bird flu outbreaks. Dr. C. A. Nidom, studying cats in Indonesia, tested 500 of them and discovered 20%, or nearly 100, had antibodies to the H5N1 virus, indicating exposure. There are rumors that in some areas of Indonesia, the cat population has been decimated, presumably by the virus. Again, anecdotal. We now have a study, which will be published in August, showing that dogs can be infected by the H5N1 virus, and at least in some cases, remain asymptomatic and shed the virus. In Avian Influenza (H5N1) Susceptibility and Receptors in Dogs (Maas R, Tacken M, Ruuls L, Koch G, van Rooij E, Stockhofe-Zurwieden N. Avian influenza (H5N1) susceptibility and receptors in dogs. Emerg Infect Dis. 2007 Aug; [Epub ahead of print]), researchers have determined that dogs have susceptible receptor cells in their upper and lower respiratory tracts, and can shed the virus while not manifesting clinical symptoms of the disease. Inoculation of influenza (H5N1) into beagles resulted in virus excretion and rapid seroconversion with no disease. Binding studies that used labeled influenza (H5N1) showed virus attachment to higher and lower respiratory tract tissues. Thus, dogs that are subclinically infected with influenza (H5N1) may contribute to virus spread. Their conclusion was: Our results demonstrate that dogs are susceptible to infection with avian influenza (H5N1) virus and can shed virus from the nose without showing apparent signs of disease. Moreover, receptors for avian (H5N1) virus are present not only in the lower part of the respiratory tract of dogs but also in their trachea and nose, which are potential portals of entry for the virus. While not unsuspected, this study adds weight to the idea that dogs may become infected with the H5N1 virus, and that some may remain asymptomatic, but could become vectors of the disease. We've seen other reports where dogs have died from the infection. The outcome may depend on the clade of the virus, the initial viral load, and the dog's overall health. In any event, dog owners will probably need to take precautions in areas where H5N1 has been reported in birds, and they should be cognizant of the possibility that their dogs could catch the virus from people, should a pandemic erupt. While dogs and cats are unlikely to be major vectors if a human-to-human form of the virus breaks out, people who are avoiding contact with other people during a pandemic, but own dogs or cats, will probably want to keep them home as well. More evidence that the H5N1 virus isn't strictly a disease of birds. That it can jump the species barrier, apparently with relative ease. And that it needn't necessarily produce symptoms in carriers. And that isn't good news. http://afludiary.blogspot.com/2007/06/study-dogs-can-shed-h5n1-virus.html Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted July 9, 2007 Report Share Posted July 9, 2007 2 children died here yesterday before they reached hospital - supposedly with flu symptoms - no details as yet Jane in Oz - Misty Health and Healing ; Armageddon or New Age Tuesday, July 03, 2007 11:53 PM Bird flu resurfaces in Germany - Kimberly Dawley Tuesday, July 03, 2007 11:45 PM bird flu Bird flu resurfaces in Germany - city officials The southern German city of Nuremberg said on Sunday that the bird flu virus had been discovered in the bodies of eight dead birds found in the state of Bavaria, Germany's first confirmed cases this year. The corpses of two more birds are being analysed to see if they also contained the H5N1 avian flu virus, a city spokeswoman said. "The city of Nuremberg and the Veterinary Office for the region of Fuerth have established a quarantine zone in the affected areas and will continue observation activity around Nuremberg," the city said in a statement. The bodies have been sent to a national laboratory to determine if the virus is the highly pathogenic strain of the H5N1 virus, it added. Among the birds found in two lakes near Nuremberg were swans, a duck and a goose, the statement said. Last year, some 13 European Union member states had confirmed cases of bird flu -- Germany, Austria, Denmark, Italy, Greece, Britain, the Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, France and Hungary. Czech veterinarians started culling several thousand turkeys at a farm last week after tests confirmed the country's first outbreak of a deadly form of bird flu in poultry. Bird flu has been spreading across southeast Asia, killing two people in Vietnam this month, the first deaths there since 2005. Globally, the H5N1 virus has killed nearly 200 people out of over 300 known cases, according to the World Health Organisation. None of the victims were from Europe. Hundreds of millions of birds have died or been slaughtered. http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/L24595150.htm More dead birds discovered floating in Bahamian waters By SHEENA BUTLER FN Summer Intern An alarming number of dead birds are being discovered floating along the shores of the northern Bahamas causing concern among some residents in the Grand Bahama community. A week after the first incident was reported, accounts of dead birds floating in Bahamian waters are still filing in. Tom Christian, a director of Bahamas Air Sea Association (BASRA), said that they have become aware of several reports regarding the discovery of dead birds. The first incident happened in the waters near the east end of Grand Bahama Island, off Borrows Cay. "A boat had left from Freeport and went to Southern Abaco and on their trip there, and, as they were coming back they spotted dead birds," Christian explained. "The largest concentration of the dead birds was off Borrows Cay, floating in the ocean." The boaters estimated that they had seen somewhere between 50 to 100 dead birds on their trip. The birds were described as having brown wings, white chests and hooked beaks. Mike Wallace, chief public analyst at the Department of Environmental Health Services (DEHS), said last week that the DEHS was aware of the incident but had not collected any carcasses at that point. "We have, and do, herewith request that if there are fresh sightings, that we be called immediately so as to have a chance to collect fresh carcasses that we can pass on to the Department of Agriculture for review," Wallace said. According to Christian, there have been several new sightings since the initial incident, yet he has not seen any action. There was an incident reported to BASRA on June 25 by persons who had spotted another large quantity of birds 15 miles off Freeport and BASRA also received information of more dead bird citings as far as Bimini. Christian said that BASRA has unsucessfully tried to get into contact with Mike Wallace and the DEHS. Several eyewitnesses also contacted The Freeport News last week to report incidents of dead birds along Grand Bahama's shores. According to a website recommended by Wallace, hundreds of dead birds also washed ashore in Florida last week and though scientists are uncertain why these large numbers of birds died, starvation is suspected. This information might suggest a possible explanation but some residents are not quick to accept this data as an answer to their concerns. "I'm looking for the Health Department to do their own research in our area and let the people know that dead birds could be washing up on shore," Christian said. He also went on to say that while walking along one of Grand Bahama's beaches, he also came upon some dead birds. "On the 26th, I went out and picked up four dead birds, within a mile, while walking down Williams Town Beach," he said. At this point, the reason for the mass deaths of the birds remains unknown. Residents are concerned that the biggest threat is not knowing what the possible health hazards may be, resulting in the spread of misinformation. "The biggest danger could be kids picking up the birds and playing with them or people stepping on them and becoming contaminated," Christian explained. Some are speculating that the birds might be eating some hazardous materials in the water, meaning that some of the fish might also be contaminated. Others think that the birds may have fallen victim to the bird flu; either possibility warrants attention in the opinion of concerned residents. The Freeport News was informed by Wallace that once information on the dead birds has been passed on to the Department of Agricul-ture, then, the issue is no longer in the hands of the DEHS. The Freeport News attempted to contact persons in charge at the Department of Agriculture yesterday but those individuals were unavailable. http://freeport.nassauguardian.net/national_local/328164688764451.php Togo Takes Emergency Action Against Avian Flu Outbreak Lome Togo (PANA) , After the discovery last week of Avian Influenza (AI) virus in a Sigbehoue poultry farm in the north-western suburb of Aneho city in south-east of Togo, the government on Wednesday announced "emergency" measures to curb the outbreak. According to the Inter-ministerial Committee on Avian Influenza, the affected area has been sealed off, and all the poultry there slaughtered, incinerated and buried underground. In a news conference held Wednesday, the Committee, based on the findings of the latest analyses conducted in Italy, confirmed anew the presence of the H5N1 virus in Togo, and announced measures to curb the phenomenon. "We have prohibited poultry circulation, and decided to close all the poultry markets in the Lakes prefecture, the area where the virus was found," said Yves Madow Nagou, Togolese minister of Livestock, Agriculture and Fishing. The people who had contact with the poultry are put under the control of the health services, a measure that, according to the minister, will help to follow up and protect them. In addition, the Committee urged the populations to report any massive poultry deaths, so that the relevant services can operate and implement the relevant measures. Such measures may include slaughtering all the poultry stock in the affected area, and sealing off the contaminated area. According to the Togolese authorities, there will be no slaughtering without compensations. Every slaughtered poultry head will be compensated up to between 2,500 and 5,000 CFA francs. The discovery of the first AI case in Togo was last week, and it was first confirmed by laboratory analyses in Accra, Ghana. The contaminated farm, early June, had lost 50% of the 5,574 poultry stock it was hosting. In February 2006, the Togolese government had set up an Inter- ministerial Committee responsible for implementing a plan of action to fight avian flu. The Committee had prohibited, since last October, the importation of "live poultry and by-products" from countries where the virus was reported. http://www.afriquenligne.fr/actualites/english_section/togo_takes_emergency_action_against_avian_flu_outbreak_200706291062/ All poultry at Czech Norin farm culled over bird flu Norin- Czech military and firefighters have completed the liquidation of some 28,000 broilers this morning at a farm where the deadly H5N1 strain of bird flu was confirmed on Wednesday, Ales Cernohorsky from the regional firefighters' rescue corps told. All poultry at Czech Norin farm culled over bird flu Norin- Czech military and firefighters have completed the liquidation of some 28,000 broilers this morning at a farm where the deadly H5N1 strain of bird flu was confirmed on Wednesday, Ales Cernohorsky from the regional firefighters' rescue corps told. This morning the culling of the poultry of small farmers in the neighbourhood will be completed. Soldiers and firefighters will disinfect and clean the Norin farm. Veterinaries have closed the farm today and started to take safety measures similar to those applied in Tisova, four kilometres away from Norin, where bird flu was uncovered at a local turkey farm last week. Pardubice Regional deputy governor Roman Linek said that the inhabitants of the region do not face any threat. The police have closed all roads to Norin and they only let locals in. The ban on poultry exports to EU countries has been introduced in the region, Pardubice regional authorities spokeswoman Katerina Nohavova said. This week, bird flu virus was also detected in a dead swan found in Lednice, south Moravia. However, the results of the first test for H5N1 are yet to be confirmed by the National Reference Laboratory in Prague. The first bird flu case in the Czech Republic was discovered in March 2006. Another 13 cases of H5N1 infection of swans living in the wild were registered last year. http://www.ceskenoviny.cz/news/index_view.php?id=259749 Scientists discover 'flu-like bat virus AUSTRALIAN scientists have played a key role in the discovery of a new virus carried by bats that can cause serious flu-like symptoms in humans. Dr Linfa Wang, a molecular virologist with the CSIRO in Geelong, Victoria, said the new virus was named Melaka, after the area of Malaysia where it was isolated in early 2006. “So far, we don't have evidence that it is fatal, but it causes severe respiratory distress,” Dr Wang told AAP. “It like a severe dose of flu or SARS-like symptoms,” he said. Over 8,000 cases of SARS, or Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, were reported in a number of countries after an epidemic between November 2002 and July 2003. Dr Wang said the Melaka virus was closely related to the Nelson Bay reovirus, which was isolated from a fruit bat in NSW in 1968. Reoviruses, or Respiratory Enteric Orphan viruses, were first isolated in humans in the early 1950s and named because they were not associated with any known disease. The Melaka virus causes fever, headache, muscle aches and pains, as well as vomiting and diarrhoea in children. So far, only one family in Malaysia had fallen victim to the virus and all had recovered, Dr Wang said. “That family had a visit from a bat,” Dr Wang said. “In Malaysia, they have open doors and open windows, and one night they were watching TV and a bat flew in and frenetically tried to get out for two to three minutes. “It eventually went out and then seven days later, the father of the family got sick. “Another seven days later, two of his five children came down with flu-like symptoms.” Malaysian health authorities at first thought the family had contracted SARS or bird flu, Dr Wang said. But when they could not identify the samples sent to laboratories in Selangor, they called on Australian scientists at the CSIRO laboratories in Geelong to collaborate on the project. Dr Wang said Australia had a similar genus of fruit bats to those in Malaysia, although not the same species. “What we want to know now is how widespread it is in bats and what the risk factors are in different populations,” he said. “We should also try to avoid direct contact with bats, which are the only mammals that can fly, and therefore have a different environment and ecological niche.” The research findings were published online today in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,20867,21969730-2702,00.html Study: Dogs Can Shed H5N1 Virus For two years, we've had anecdotal reports of dogs and cats dying in unusual numbers in and around bird flu outbreaks. Dr. C. A. Nidom, studying cats in Indonesia, tested 500 of them and discovered 20%, or nearly 100, had antibodies to the H5N1 virus, indicating exposure. There are rumors that in some areas of Indonesia, the cat population has been decimated, presumably by the virus. Again, anecdotal. We now have a study, which will be published in August, showing that dogs can be infected by the H5N1 virus, and at least in some cases, remain asymptomatic and shed the virus. In Avian Influenza (H5N1) Susceptibility and Receptors in Dogs (Maas R, Tacken M, Ruuls L, Koch G, van Rooij E, Stockhofe-Zurwieden N. Avian influenza (H5N1) susceptibility and receptors in dogs. Emerg Infect Dis. 2007 Aug; [Epub ahead of print]), researchers have determined that dogs have susceptible receptor cells in their upper and lower respiratory tracts, and can shed the virus while not manifesting clinical symptoms of the disease. Inoculation of influenza (H5N1) into beagles resulted in virus excretion and rapid seroconversion with no disease. Binding studies that used labeled influenza (H5N1) showed virus attachment to higher and lower respiratory tract tissues. Thus, dogs that are subclinically infected with influenza (H5N1) may contribute to virus spread. Their conclusion was: Our results demonstrate that dogs are susceptible to infection with avian influenza (H5N1) virus and can shed virus from the nose without showing apparent signs of disease. Moreover, receptors for avian (H5N1) virus are present not only in the lower part of the respiratory tract of dogs but also in their trachea and nose, which are potential portals of entry for the virus. While not unsuspected, this study adds weight to the idea that dogs may become infected with the H5N1 virus, and that some may remain asymptomatic, but could become vectors of the disease. We've seen other reports where dogs have died from the infection. The outcome may depend on the clade of the virus, the initial viral load, and the dog's overall health. In any event, dog owners will probably need to take precautions in areas where H5N1 has been reported in birds, and they should be cognizant of the possibility that their dogs could catch the virus from people, should a pandemic erupt. While dogs and cats are unlikely to be major vectors if a human-to-human form of the virus breaks out, people who are avoiding contact with other people during a pandemic, but own dogs or cats, will probably want to keep them home as well. More evidence that the H5N1 virus isn't strictly a disease of birds. That it can jump the species barrier, apparently with relative ease. And that it needn't necessarily produce symptoms in carriers. And that isn't good news. http://afludiary.blogspot.com/2007/06/study-dogs-can-shed-h5n1-virus.html Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Recommended Posts
Join the conversation
You are posting as a guest. If you have an account, sign in now to post with your account.
Note: Your post will require moderator approval before it will be visible.