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HI All,

 

Emmanuel wrote:

> Alon, Most of the reference books on pharmaceuticals describe

> specific pathways of metabolism and excretion. They're pretty

> much mostly metabolized as poisons by the liver and kidney. Is it

> your impression that Chinese herbs are mostly delivering poisons

> that require enormous work by the liver and kidney? Emmanuel

 

Alon wrote:

> If you look at some the pharm literature on Chinese herbs you can

> also find some info on pathways and many are the same enzyme as

> those for pharm drugs. There are interactions between herbs and

> drugs that clearly show herbs to be affecting many of the same

> pathways. There are plenty of herbs out there that cause liver and

> kidney damage. While i agree that in general CM is less toxic that

> is not the same as saying that the mechanisms are totally

> diffrent. Does the mechanism of nontoxic drugs then also totally

> different? I think we have too much feel good stuff here. Alon

 

Alon, agreed! ALL drugs, indeed all nutrients, are potential poisons

under certain circumstances. Even the two most essential

nutrients for live - air and water - can kill if they are taken in

excess. Water toxicity is well documented in calves and pigs

deprived of water for a few days and then allowed access to ad-

libitum water.

 

IMO, the body must process (metabolise/handle) ALL molecular

substances [including air & water] absorbed into it, whether from

digesta, skin or lungs. Through its organs, detox-, circulatory- and

excretory- systems, it uses what it needs, and stores or excretes

what it does not need; it neutralises or complexes metabolisable

toxins and excretes or stores the byproducts.

 

IMO, the same principle applies to herbs. Herbs have many active

compounds [alkaloids, glycosides, oxalates, etc] that can be toxic

under certain circumstances. Toxic compounds in herbs can (and

do) cause toxicity or adverse reactions.

 

For example, plant poisoning is well known in cattle [rhododendron,

senecio, veratrum, claviceps, digitalis, pterydium, taxus, nitrate

poisoning, etc]. In USA, selenium toxicity in range-cattle occurs

when they eat excessive amounts of Se-accumulator plants, such

as astragalus. If these plants grow in an area with toxic Se levels in

the soil, they can accumulate up to 10,000 ppm Se in their dry

matter!

 

Whether or ot toxicity occurs after ingestion of herbal materials

depends mainly on (a) the levels of toxic substances in the plant;

(b) the dose and dose-intervals of the plant, and © the health

status of the subject.

 

Subjects whose Detox Systems are fully operational, and who have

not been loaded previously with stored toxin [like heavy metal, etc]

can cope easily with toxin doses that could kill subjects with a

compromised Detox System.

 

For example, the media hype over deaths in people taking products

containing Kava or Hypericum was ludicrous. One MUST expect

that ANY potent drug [herbal or otherwise] poses high risk in

subjects whose livers or kidneys are damaged [bEFORE herbal

use] by severe cirrhosis, hepatitis or nephritis. The subsequent

sales ban on Hypericum and KAVA products was a cynical and

self-interested attack on herbal medicine by its opponents.

 

The western drug Industry pumps milliions (billions?) of dollars into

research each year. The industry has the universities and research

institutes on their side, if only because those institutions DEPEND

on industry for funding. An organisation that " does not play ball "

with the industry will receive no funding from that industry.

 

Ze'v wrote:

> There are presently no mechanisms to study herb interactions in

> prescriptions, although we can safely say that there are more

> complex interactions and more complex pharmacodyamics in the body

> that with most medications.

 

Agreed. In contrast to Pharma research, herbal research funding is

relatively pathetic. Thus, there is a relative (some would say

appaling) LACK of good research in many aspects of the safety,

efficacy and mechanisms of action herbal medicines. There is also

relatively little good research on the interactions between herbs,

interactions between their active ingredients, and interactions with

western drugs.

 

Whether we like it or not, many people [even many of our friends!)

see us [herbalists or holistic practitioners] as oddballs, practicing a

scientifically unproven and under-researched if not highly dubious

medicine.

 

In contrast to public perception, the INDUSTRY and its minions

take us VERY seriously! They see us as the SINGLE greatest

challenge to their enormous profits and will do all that they can to

bury us. That could include funding moles within our ranks, and

funding herbal research projects that they expect will produce poor

results or show adverse effects.

 

Ze'v wrote:

> ... we shouldn't swallow speculation and fear to the opposite about

> 'estrogenic herbs, either from articles or from studies that I

> really wonder about their accuracy. I'd raise the question of how

> we perceive herbal medicines to work as opposed to pharmaceutical

> drugs, especially when we combine them in prescriptions.

 

Emmanuel wrote:

> Regarding ... Quack-buster issues, anything that's not in the

> paradigm of WM can technically be targeted as quackery by those

> who wish to ignore efficacy and demand " mechanisms of action " .

 

Agreed. Quackbusters will attack on all fronts.

 

But the question of the wisdom of using steroidogenic herbs in

steroid-sensitive cancer is a prime target for Quackbusters. In

warefare, one is advised to know the enemy and attack the

weakest defences.

 

Mammary and prostate cancer are day-to-day concerns of the

public. Everyone knows someone afflicted with those conditions,

and many fear that they may develop them themselves. THAT is

why I see the oestrogen- or androgen- sensitive cancers as being

to important. They are a potential battle-ground for the industry to

highlight the confusion and scarcity of REAL research knowledge

in our ranks.

 

Many western drugs and herbal molecules work by activating or

blocking cell-receptors. IMO, we should AVOID known

oestrogenic/androgenic herbs/formulas in mammary and prostate

steroid-sensitive cancers unless we are fairly sure that they are

SAFE [i did not say EFFECTIVE!].

 

Comments?

 

 

 

Best regards,

 

Email: <

 

WORK : Teagasc Research Management, Sandymount Ave., Dublin 4, Ireland

Mobile: 353-; [in the Republic: 0]

 

HOME : 1 Esker Lawns, Lucan, Dublin, Ireland

Tel : 353-; [in the Republic: 0]

WWW : http://homepage.eircom.net/~progers/searchap.htm

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hi all,

one of the things we bneed to realise is that all

things are poisonous to our body depending on dosage.

one mans food is another mans poison.

same with medicines. theya re more potent. CM drugs

are natural, so their absorption & strength is

limited. being natural they can be detoxed easily.

synthetic drugs are harmful as detox is harder. its

same as opium & heroin,

besides this the dosage can have a harmful effect too.

we have to be careful that today drug companies are

now producing natural health food supplements,

vutamins, minerals & other products synthetically.

this may have the same level of damage to the body

organs as synthetic drugs(medicines).

so look out.

anand

 

 

 

 

--- < wrote: > HI

All,

>

> Emmanuel wrote:

> > Alon, Most of the reference books on

> pharmaceuticals describe

> > specific pathways of metabolism and excretion.

> They're pretty

> > much mostly metabolized as poisons by the liver

> and kidney. Is it

> > your impression that Chinese herbs are mostly

> delivering poisons

> > that require enormous work by the liver and

> kidney? Emmanuel

>

> Alon wrote:

> > If you look at some the pharm literature on

> Chinese herbs you can

> > also find some info on pathways and many are the

> same enzyme as

> > those for pharm drugs. There are interactions

> between herbs and

> > drugs that clearly show herbs to be affecting many

> of the same

> > pathways. There are plenty of herbs out there that

> cause liver and

> > kidney damage. While i agree that in general CM is

> less toxic that

> > is not the same as saying that the mechanisms are

> totally

> > diffrent. Does the mechanism of nontoxic drugs

> then also totally

> > different? I think we have too much feel good

> stuff here. Alon

>

> Alon, agreed! ALL drugs, indeed all nutrients, are

> potential poisons

> under certain circumstances. Even the two most

> essential

> nutrients for live - air and water - can kill if

> they are taken in

> excess. Water toxicity is well documented in calves

> and pigs

> deprived of water for a few days and then allowed

> access to ad-

> libitum water.

>

> IMO, the body must process (metabolise/handle) ALL

> molecular

> substances [including air & water] absorbed into it,

> whether from

> digesta, skin or lungs. Through its organs, detox-,

> circulatory- and

> excretory- systems, it uses what it needs, and

> stores or excretes

> what it does not need; it neutralises or complexes

> metabolisable

> toxins and excretes or stores the byproducts.

>

> IMO, the same principle applies to herbs. Herbs have

> many active

> compounds [alkaloids, glycosides, oxalates, etc]

> that can be toxic

> under certain circumstances. Toxic compounds in

> herbs can (and

> do) cause toxicity or adverse reactions.

>

> For example, plant poisoning is well known in cattle

> [rhododendron,

> senecio, veratrum, claviceps, digitalis, pterydium,

> taxus, nitrate

> poisoning, etc]. In USA, selenium toxicity in

> range-cattle occurs

> when they eat excessive amounts of Se-accumulator

> plants, such

> as astragalus. If these plants grow in an area with

> toxic Se levels in

> the soil, they can accumulate up to 10,000 ppm Se in

> their dry

> matter!

>

> Whether or ot toxicity occurs after ingestion of

> herbal materials

> depends mainly on (a) the levels of toxic substances

> in the plant;

> (b) the dose and dose-intervals of the plant, and

> © the health

> status of the subject.

>

> Subjects whose Detox Systems are fully operational,

> and who have

> not been loaded previously with stored toxin [like

> heavy metal, etc]

> can cope easily with toxin doses that could kill

> subjects with a

> compromised Detox System.

>

> For example, the media hype over deaths in people

> taking products

> containing Kava or Hypericum was ludicrous. One MUST

> expect

> that ANY potent drug [herbal or otherwise] poses

> high risk in

> subjects whose livers or kidneys are damaged [bEFORE

> herbal

> use] by severe cirrhosis, hepatitis or nephritis.

> The subsequent

> sales ban on Hypericum and KAVA products was a

> cynical and

> self-interested attack on herbal medicine by its

> opponents.

>

> The western drug Industry pumps milliions

> (billions?) of dollars into

> research each year. The industry has the

> universities and research

> institutes on their side, if only because those

> institutions DEPEND

> on industry for funding. An organisation that " does

> not play ball "

> with the industry will receive no funding from that

> industry.

>

> Ze'v wrote:

> > There are presently no mechanisms to study herb

> interactions in

> > prescriptions, although we can safely say that

> there are more

> > complex interactions and more complex

> pharmacodyamics in the body

> > that with most medications.

>

> Agreed. In contrast to Pharma research, herbal

> research funding is

> relatively pathetic. Thus, there is a relative (some

> would say

> appaling) LACK of good research in many aspects of

> the safety,

> efficacy and mechanisms of action herbal medicines.

> There is also

> relatively little good research on the interactions

> between herbs,

> interactions between their active ingredients, and

> interactions with

> western drugs.

>

> Whether we like it or not, many people [even many of

> our friends!)

> see us [herbalists or holistic practitioners] as

> oddballs, practicing a

> scientifically unproven and under-researched if not

> highly dubious

> medicine.

>

> In contrast to public perception, the INDUSTRY and

> its minions

> take us VERY seriously! They see us as the SINGLE

> greatest

> challenge to their enormous profits and will do all

> that they can to

> bury us. That could include funding moles within our

> ranks, and

> funding herbal research projects that they expect

> will produce poor

> results or show adverse effects.

>

> Ze'v wrote:

> > ... we shouldn't swallow speculation and fear to

> the opposite about

> > 'estrogenic herbs, either from articles or from

> studies that I

> > really wonder about their accuracy. I'd raise the

> question of how

> > we perceive herbal medicines to work as opposed to

> pharmaceutical

> > drugs, especially when we combine them in

> prescriptions.

>

> Emmanuel wrote:

> > Regarding ... Quack-buster issues, anything that's

> not in the

> > paradigm of WM can technically be targeted as

> quackery by those

> > who wish to ignore efficacy and demand " mechanisms

> of action " .

>

> Agreed. Quackbusters will attack on all fronts.

>

> But the question of the wisdom of using

> steroidogenic herbs in

> steroid-sensitive cancer is a prime target for

> Quackbusters. In

> warefare, one is advised to know the enemy and

> attack the

> weakest defences.

>

> Mammary and prostate cancer are day-to-day concerns

> of the

> public. Everyone knows someone afflicted with those

> conditions,

> and many fear that they may develop them themselves.

> THAT is

> why I see the oestrogen- or androgen- sensitive

> cancers as being

> to important. They are a potential battle-ground for

> the industry to

> highlight the confusion and scarcity of REAL

> research knowledge

> in our ranks.

>

> Many western drugs and herbal molecules work by

> activating or

> blocking cell-receptors. IMO, we should AVOID known

> oestrogenic/androgenic herbs/formulas in mammary and

> prostate

> steroid-sensitive cancers unless we are fairly sure

> that they are

> SAFE [i did not say EFFECTIVE!].

>

> Comments?

>

>

>

> Best regards,

>

> Email: <

>

> WORK : Teagasc Research Management, Sandymount Ave.,

> Dublin 4, Ireland

> Mobile: 353-; [in the Republic:

> 0]

>

> HOME : 1 Esker Lawns, Lucan, Dublin, Ireland

> Tel : 353-; [in the Republic:

> 0]

> WWW :

> http://homepage.eircom.net/~progers/searchap.htm

>

 

=====

Anand Bapat

Pain Management Specialist

Sports Injury Specialist

Blacktown, Parramatta, Punchbowl, & Hammondville

0402 472 897

 

 

 

 

______________________

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Well put piece. If you look at the case of PC-SPES you will see how this

formula was first heralded by urologists and oncologists as a worthy drug in

the armamentarium against prostate cancer (and indeed some other cancers as

well - check PubMed). HOWEVER, when it was discovered the formula was not as

squeaky clean as the makers claimed all hell let loose. Not one WM doc stood

up to put in a word for PC-SPES. It was withdrawn from the market after

heavy pressure from the FDA and California HD. Men using PC-SPES to suppress

advanced PC either died, had to go back on conventional meds such a Zoladex,

Lupron, Casodex or Flutamide (horrible side effects) or took their chance

with herbal analogs such as PC-PLUS.

 

> Many western drugs and herbal molecules work by activating or blocking

cell-receptors. IMO, we should AVOID known oestrogenic/androgenic

herbs/formulas in mammary and prostate steroid-sensitive cancers unless we

are fairly sure that they are SAFE [i did not say EFFECTIVE!].

 

Despite the clamour against PC-SPES there is no clear evidence that it

promoted androgen independent PC any more than conventional medicines. What

is more PC-SPES had a cancer cell kill effect in its own right. For example,

reports in peer reviewed journals were coming out that PC-SPES was effective

in treating colon cancer (again check PubMed if you feel the need to follow

this up). That is something the conventional meds have never had. Safety is

another issue, I agree. Problems of formula consistency and herb quality

abound. Together of course with a general lack of understanding of the true

mechanism(s) of action. But you are right Phil, there was an enormous effort

to get PC-SPES off the market so that it was not a thrreat to conventional

meds. After all, you can't have 100,000's of PC patients self medicating at

1/4 the Big Pharma price can you !

 

There now comes another strange 'herbal' by the name of DIM which is the

extract of cabbage. Diindolylemethane (DIM) is the digestive product of

enzymatically reduced brassicans first converted to indoles by mastication,

primarily I3C (indole-3-carbinole) and then DIM in the gut. 200 mg + doses

of DIM have been shown to act as steroid receptor disruptors for both BC and

PC. In others words, DIM is something like Tamoxifen and Casodex put

together in one. At lower doses DIM blocks CYP450 enzymatic production of

16-alpha-hydroxyestrone (16a-OH1) a highly carcinogenic estrogen implicated

in BC and probably PC as well.

 

DIM has a 'subtle effect' : Its electronic cloud configuration is similar to

the anti-androgen (AA) Casodex. Casodex (like Tamoxifen which is effectively

an anti estrogen AE) has a 'lock and key' action with steroid receptors.

Once the AA/AE key docks into the steroid receptor(s) found on most cells,

there is no way for the real steroid to reach the cell and activate cellular

processes like growth and mitosis. This blocking effect has been used for

years to suppress sex-steroid cancers. Now a cheap vegetable extract has

been found to do the same thing as highly expensive drugs. Time will tell

how the FDA and Big Pharma deal with this threat, but here is a clue that

DIM, like PC-SPES may have a naturally limited 'life-cycle' if that is the

right word to use:

 

Eventually cells learn to treat Casodex and Tamoxifen as if they were

androgens and the cellular processes go on again in a new form, often in the

guise of far more aggressive cancer. This may be because conventional AA's

and AE's have a similar chemistry to sex-steroids and are able to initiate

intracellular cAMP cascade instead of the real steroid. Now, PC-SPES (and

analogs) and DIM are chemically different to steroids. They are similar in

the morphological configuration only - hence they may be *incapable* of

initiating the ugly cellular adaptations found with conventional AA's and

AE's. Time will tell.

 

Hope that helps. But you are right Phil, stay away from steroid receptor

disruptors if you want TCM to stay clean dealing with BC and PC. There are

other things out there that address the cancer process in a TCM way.

Sarcandra for example has been used to relieve stasis in the pelvis. It is

most unfortunate that the product available in the west Xin Huang Pian is

contaminated with the western anti-inflammatory Indometacin. Indometacin has

a side effect profile that beggars belief and why commercial preparations

should include it baffle me. Yun Zhi has also been used to address immune

system imbalance which also may play a part in cancer process. Work by John

Tindall at the Yuan Clinic may be of interest here, if anyone knows John ..

 

Cheers,

 

Sammy.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

[]

02 October 2003 18:41

 

Cc: traditional_Chinese_Medicine

Steroid-sensitive cancers and the body's Detox Systems

 

 

HI All,

 

Emmanuel wrote:

> Alon, Most of the reference books on pharmaceuticals describe

> specific pathways of metabolism and excretion. They're pretty

> much mostly metabolized as poisons by the liver and kidney. Is it

> your impression that Chinese herbs are mostly delivering poisons

> that require enormous work by the liver and kidney? Emmanuel

 

Alon wrote:

> If you look at some the pharm literature on Chinese herbs you can

> also find some info on pathways and many are the same enzyme as

> those for pharm drugs. There are interactions between herbs and

> drugs that clearly show herbs to be affecting many of the same

> pathways. There are plenty of herbs out there that cause liver and

> kidney damage. While i agree that in general CM is less toxic that

> is not the same as saying that the mechanisms are totally

> diffrent. Does the mechanism of nontoxic drugs then also totally

> different? I think we have too much feel good stuff here. Alon

 

Alon, agreed! ALL drugs, indeed all nutrients, are potential poisons

under certain circumstances. Even the two most essential

nutrients for live - air and water - can kill if they are taken in

excess. Water toxicity is well documented in calves and pigs

deprived of water for a few days and then allowed access to ad-

libitum water.

 

IMO, the body must process (metabolise/handle) ALL molecular

substances [including air & water] absorbed into it, whether from

digesta, skin or lungs. Through its organs, detox-, circulatory- and

excretory- systems, it uses what it needs, and stores or excretes

what it does not need; it neutralises or complexes metabolisable

toxins and excretes or stores the byproducts.

 

IMO, the same principle applies to herbs. Herbs have many active

compounds [alkaloids, glycosides, oxalates, etc] that can be toxic

under certain circumstances. Toxic compounds in herbs can (and

do) cause toxicity or adverse reactions.

 

For example, plant poisoning is well known in cattle [rhododendron,

senecio, veratrum, claviceps, digitalis, pterydium, taxus, nitrate

poisoning, etc]. In USA, selenium toxicity in range-cattle occurs

when they eat excessive amounts of Se-accumulator plants, such

as astragalus. If these plants grow in an area with toxic Se levels in

the soil, they can accumulate up to 10,000 ppm Se in their dry

matter!

 

Whether or ot toxicity occurs after ingestion of herbal materials

depends mainly on (a) the levels of toxic substances in the plant;

(b) the dose and dose-intervals of the plant, and © the health

status of the subject.

 

Subjects whose Detox Systems are fully operational, and who have

not been loaded previously with stored toxin [like heavy metal, etc]

can cope easily with toxin doses that could kill subjects with a

compromised Detox System.

 

For example, the media hype over deaths in people taking products

containing Kava or Hypericum was ludicrous. One MUST expect

that ANY potent drug [herbal or otherwise] poses high risk in

subjects whose livers or kidneys are damaged [bEFORE herbal

use] by severe cirrhosis, hepatitis or nephritis. The subsequent

sales ban on Hypericum and KAVA products was a cynical and

self-interested attack on herbal medicine by its opponents.

 

The western drug Industry pumps milliions (billions?) of dollars into

research each year. The industry has the universities and research

institutes on their side, if only because those institutions DEPEND

on industry for funding. An organisation that " does not play ball "

with the industry will receive no funding from that industry.

 

Ze'v wrote:

> There are presently no mechanisms to study herb interactions in

> prescriptions, although we can safely say that there are more

> complex interactions and more complex pharmacodyamics in the body

> that with most medications.

 

Agreed. In contrast to Pharma research, herbal research funding is

relatively pathetic. Thus, there is a relative (some would say

appaling) LACK of good research in many aspects of the safety,

efficacy and mechanisms of action herbal medicines. There is also

relatively little good research on the interactions between herbs,

interactions between their active ingredients, and interactions with

western drugs.

 

Whether we like it or not, many people [even many of our friends!)

see us [herbalists or holistic practitioners] as oddballs, practicing a

scientifically unproven and under-researched if not highly dubious

medicine.

 

In contrast to public perception, the INDUSTRY and its minions

take us VERY seriously! They see us as the SINGLE greatest

challenge to their enormous profits and will do all that they can to

bury us. That could include funding moles within our ranks, and

funding herbal research projects that they expect will produce poor

results or show adverse effects.

 

Ze'v wrote:

> ... we shouldn't swallow speculation and fear to the opposite about

> 'estrogenic herbs, either from articles or from studies that I

> really wonder about their accuracy. I'd raise the question of how

> we perceive herbal medicines to work as opposed to pharmaceutical

> drugs, especially when we combine them in prescriptions.

 

Emmanuel wrote:

> Regarding ... Quack-buster issues, anything that's not in the

> paradigm of WM can technically be targeted as quackery by those

> who wish to ignore efficacy and demand " mechanisms of action " .

 

Agreed. Quackbusters will attack on all fronts.

 

But the question of the wisdom of using steroidogenic herbs in

steroid-sensitive cancer is a prime target for Quackbusters. In

warefare, one is advised to know the enemy and attack the

weakest defences.

 

Mammary and prostate cancer are day-to-day concerns of the

public. Everyone knows someone afflicted with those conditions,

and many fear that they may develop them themselves. THAT is

why I see the oestrogen- or androgen- sensitive cancers as being

to important. They are a potential battle-ground for the industry to

highlight the confusion and scarcity of REAL research knowledge

in our ranks.

 

Many western drugs and herbal molecules work by activating or

blocking cell-receptors. IMO, we should AVOID known

oestrogenic/androgenic herbs/formulas in mammary and prostate

steroid-sensitive cancers unless we are fairly sure that they are

SAFE [i did not say EFFECTIVE!].

 

Comments?

 

 

 

Best regards,

 

Email: <

 

WORK : Teagasc Research Management, Sandymount Ave., Dublin 4, Ireland

Mobile: 353-; [in the Republic: 0]

 

HOME : 1 Esker Lawns, Lucan, Dublin, Ireland

Tel : 353-; [in the Republic: 0]

WWW : http://homepage.eircom.net/~progers/searchap.htm

 

 

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Share on other sites

Hi Phil,

 

I accept your crossposting as acceptable since you are quoting and addressing

people on both lists. Seems ethical to me, but my apologies to those who feel

bruised by this.

 

Phil, I can't think of anything to say except nutrients in normal amounts do not

cause hepatomegaly (liver enlargement and injury), while drugs in normal amounts

often do cause hepatomegaly or at least some extra work by the liver. Now I'll

jump completely over to your side, Phil, and point out that simple food intake

and metabolism is presented by physiologists as the most stressful thing we do

over a lifetime. Makes you want to subsist on moderate doses of well cooked and

pureed soup doesn't it? This is exactly what I do when I compete as a distance

runner. Low stress foods and plenty of sleep makes me a more energetic athlete.

 

That's all I can think of for the moment aside from a recommendation that you

look at the molecules characterized in an August, 1998 research article in the

Journal of Chromatography A. Dr. Lin, et. al. characterized 26 new ring

structured molecules in Dang Gui, Angelica sinensis Radix. None of them are

steroids, but some have 5 or 6 rings that show resonance. Makes my biochemist

heart smile. I have similar articles that look at newly found molecules in

Huang Qi, Wu Wei Zi and a number of other herbs. Probably pretty boring for

most of the list, but I figured you, Phil, would get off on it. If you have a

fax number in Ireland, I'll fax you the two pages that shows the 26 cool ring

structured molecules found in Dang Gui. There's one ligustilide dimer that has

a fifth hidden resonant ring ... I love it. Hey, it's no worse than collecting

stamps, coins or Barbie dolls.

 

Emmanuel Segmen

Merritt College

 

-

Cc: traditional_Chinese_Medicine

Thursday, October 02, 2003 10:41 AM

Steroid-sensitive cancers and the body's Detox

Systems

 

 

HI All,

 

Emmanuel wrote:

> Alon, Most of the reference books on pharmaceuticals describe

> specific pathways of metabolism and excretion. They're pretty

> much mostly metabolized as poisons by the liver and kidney. Is it

> your impression that Chinese herbs are mostly delivering poisons

> that require enormous work by the liver and kidney? Emmanuel

 

Alon wrote:

> If you look at some the pharm literature on Chinese herbs you can

> also find some info on pathways and many are the same enzyme as

> those for pharm drugs. There are interactions between herbs and

> drugs that clearly show herbs to be affecting many of the same

> pathways. There are plenty of herbs out there that cause liver and

> kidney damage. While i agree that in general CM is less toxic that

> is not the same as saying that the mechanisms are totally

> diffrent. Does the mechanism of nontoxic drugs then also totally

> different? I think we have too much feel good stuff here. Alon

 

Alon, agreed! ALL drugs, indeed all nutrients, are potential poisons

under certain circumstances. Even the two most essential

nutrients for live - air and water - can kill if they are taken in

excess. Water toxicity is well documented in calves and pigs

deprived of water for a few days and then allowed access to ad-

libitum water.

 

IMO, the body must process (metabolise/handle) ALL molecular

substances [including air & water] absorbed into it, whether from

digesta, skin or lungs. Through its organs, detox-, circulatory- and

excretory- systems, it uses what it needs, and stores or excretes

what it does not need; it neutralises or complexes metabolisable

toxins and excretes or stores the byproducts.

 

IMO, the same principle applies to herbs. Herbs have many active

compounds [alkaloids, glycosides, oxalates, etc] that can be toxic

under certain circumstances. Toxic compounds in herbs can (and

do) cause toxicity or adverse reactions.

 

For example, plant poisoning is well known in cattle [rhododendron,

senecio, veratrum, claviceps, digitalis, pterydium, taxus, nitrate

poisoning, etc]. In USA, selenium toxicity in range-cattle occurs

when they eat excessive amounts of Se-accumulator plants, such

as astragalus. If these plants grow in an area with toxic Se levels in

the soil, they can accumulate up to 10,000 ppm Se in their dry

matter!

 

Whether or ot toxicity occurs after ingestion of herbal materials

depends mainly on (a) the levels of toxic substances in the plant;

(b) the dose and dose-intervals of the plant, and © the health

status of the subject.

 

Subjects whose Detox Systems are fully operational, and who have

not been loaded previously with stored toxin [like heavy metal, etc]

can cope easily with toxin doses that could kill subjects with a

compromised Detox System.

 

For example, the media hype over deaths in people taking products

containing Kava or Hypericum was ludicrous. One MUST expect

that ANY potent drug [herbal or otherwise] poses high risk in

subjects whose livers or kidneys are damaged [bEFORE herbal

use] by severe cirrhosis, hepatitis or nephritis. The subsequent

sales ban on Hypericum and KAVA products was a cynical and

self-interested attack on herbal medicine by its opponents.

 

The western drug Industry pumps milliions (billions?) of dollars into

research each year. The industry has the universities and research

institutes on their side, if only because those institutions DEPEND

on industry for funding. An organisation that " does not play ball "

with the industry will receive no funding from that industry.

 

Ze'v wrote:

> There are presently no mechanisms to study herb interactions in

> prescriptions, although we can safely say that there are more

> complex interactions and more complex pharmacodyamics in the body

> that with most medications.

 

Agreed. In contrast to Pharma research, herbal research funding is

relatively pathetic. Thus, there is a relative (some would say

appaling) LACK of good research in many aspects of the safety,

efficacy and mechanisms of action herbal medicines. There is also

relatively little good research on the interactions between herbs,

interactions between their active ingredients, and interactions with

western drugs.

 

Whether we like it or not, many people [even many of our friends!)

see us [herbalists or holistic practitioners] as oddballs, practicing a

scientifically unproven and under-researched if not highly dubious

medicine.

 

In contrast to public perception, the INDUSTRY and its minions

take us VERY seriously! They see us as the SINGLE greatest

challenge to their enormous profits and will do all that they can to

bury us. That could include funding moles within our ranks, and

funding herbal research projects that they expect will produce poor

results or show adverse effects.

 

Ze'v wrote:

> ... we shouldn't swallow speculation and fear to the opposite about

> 'estrogenic herbs, either from articles or from studies that I

> really wonder about their accuracy. I'd raise the question of how

> we perceive herbal medicines to work as opposed to pharmaceutical

> drugs, especially when we combine them in prescriptions.

 

Emmanuel wrote:

> Regarding ... Quack-buster issues, anything that's not in the

> paradigm of WM can technically be targeted as quackery by those

> who wish to ignore efficacy and demand " mechanisms of action " .

 

Agreed. Quackbusters will attack on all fronts.

 

But the question of the wisdom of using steroidogenic herbs in

steroid-sensitive cancer is a prime target for Quackbusters. In

warefare, one is advised to know the enemy and attack the

weakest defences.

 

Mammary and prostate cancer are day-to-day concerns of the

public. Everyone knows someone afflicted with those conditions,

and many fear that they may develop them themselves. THAT is

why I see the oestrogen- or androgen- sensitive cancers as being

to important. They are a potential battle-ground for the industry to

highlight the confusion and scarcity of REAL research knowledge

in our ranks.

 

Many western drugs and herbal molecules work by activating or

blocking cell-receptors. IMO, we should AVOID known

oestrogenic/androgenic herbs/formulas in mammary and prostate

steroid-sensitive cancers unless we are fairly sure that they are

SAFE [i did not say EFFECTIVE!].

 

Comments?

 

 

 

Best regards,

 

 

 

 

Link to comment
Share on other sites

Hi Phil,

 

I accept your crossposting as acceptable since you are quoting and addressing

people on both lists. Seems ethical to me, but my apologies to those who feel

bruised by this.

 

Phil, I can't think of anything to say except nutrients in normal amounts do not

cause hepatomegaly (liver enlargement and injury), while drugs in normal amounts

often do cause hepatomegaly or at least some extra work by the liver. Now I'll

jump completely over to your side, Phil, and point out that simple food intake

and metabolism is presented by physiologists as the most stressful thing we do

over a lifetime. Makes you want to subsist on moderate doses of well cooked and

pureed soup doesn't it? This is exactly what I do when I compete as a distance

runner. Low stress foods and plenty of sleep makes me a more energetic athlete.

 

That's all I can think of for the moment aside from a recommendation that you

look at the molecules characterized in an August, 1998 research article in the

Journal of Chromatography A. Dr. Lin, et. al. characterized 26 new ring

structured molecules in Dang Gui, Angelica sinensis Radix. None of them are

steroids, but some have 5 or 6 rings that show resonance. Makes my biochemist

heart smile. I have similar articles that look at newly found molecules in

Huang Qi, Wu Wei Zi and a number of other herbs. Probably pretty boring for

most of the list, but I figured you, Phil, would get off on it. If you have a

fax number in Ireland, I'll fax you the two pages that shows the 26 cool ring

structured molecules found in Dang Gui. There's one ligustilide dimer that has

a fifth hidden resonant ring ... I love it. Hey, it's no worse than collecting

stamps, coins or Barbie dolls.

 

Emmanuel Segmen

Merritt College

 

-

Cc: traditional_Chinese_Medicine

Thursday, October 02, 2003 10:41 AM

Steroid-sensitive cancers and the body's Detox

Systems

 

 

HI All,

 

Emmanuel wrote:

> Alon, Most of the reference books on pharmaceuticals describe

> specific pathways of metabolism and excretion. They're pretty

> much mostly metabolized as poisons by the liver and kidney. Is it

> your impression that Chinese herbs are mostly delivering poisons

> that require enormous work by the liver and kidney? Emmanuel

 

Alon wrote:

> If you look at some the pharm literature on Chinese herbs you can

> also find some info on pathways and many are the same enzyme as

> those for pharm drugs. There are interactions between herbs and

> drugs that clearly show herbs to be affecting many of the same

> pathways. There are plenty of herbs out there that cause liver and

> kidney damage. While i agree that in general CM is less toxic that

> is not the same as saying that the mechanisms are totally

> diffrent. Does the mechanism of nontoxic drugs then also totally

> different? I think we have too much feel good stuff here. Alon

 

Alon, agreed! ALL drugs, indeed all nutrients, are potential poisons

under certain circumstances. Even the two most essential

nutrients for live - air and water - can kill if they are taken in

excess. Water toxicity is well documented in calves and pigs

deprived of water for a few days and then allowed access to ad-

libitum water.

 

IMO, the body must process (metabolise/handle) ALL molecular

substances [including air & water] absorbed into it, whether from

digesta, skin or lungs. Through its organs, detox-, circulatory- and

excretory- systems, it uses what it needs, and stores or excretes

what it does not need; it neutralises or complexes metabolisable

toxins and excretes or stores the byproducts.

 

IMO, the same principle applies to herbs. Herbs have many active

compounds [alkaloids, glycosides, oxalates, etc] that can be toxic

under certain circumstances. Toxic compounds in herbs can (and

do) cause toxicity or adverse reactions.

 

For example, plant poisoning is well known in cattle [rhododendron,

senecio, veratrum, claviceps, digitalis, pterydium, taxus, nitrate

poisoning, etc]. In USA, selenium toxicity in range-cattle occurs

when they eat excessive amounts of Se-accumulator plants, such

as astragalus. If these plants grow in an area with toxic Se levels in

the soil, they can accumulate up to 10,000 ppm Se in their dry

matter!

 

Whether or ot toxicity occurs after ingestion of herbal materials

depends mainly on (a) the levels of toxic substances in the plant;

(b) the dose and dose-intervals of the plant, and © the health

status of the subject.

 

Subjects whose Detox Systems are fully operational, and who have

not been loaded previously with stored toxin [like heavy metal, etc]

can cope easily with toxin doses that could kill subjects with a

compromised Detox System.

 

For example, the media hype over deaths in people taking products

containing Kava or Hypericum was ludicrous. One MUST expect

that ANY potent drug [herbal or otherwise] poses high risk in

subjects whose livers or kidneys are damaged [bEFORE herbal

use] by severe cirrhosis, hepatitis or nephritis. The subsequent

sales ban on Hypericum and KAVA products was a cynical and

self-interested attack on herbal medicine by its opponents.

 

The western drug Industry pumps milliions (billions?) of dollars into

research each year. The industry has the universities and research

institutes on their side, if only because those institutions DEPEND

on industry for funding. An organisation that " does not play ball "

with the industry will receive no funding from that industry.

 

Ze'v wrote:

> There are presently no mechanisms to study herb interactions in

> prescriptions, although we can safely say that there are more

> complex interactions and more complex pharmacodyamics in the body

> that with most medications.

 

Agreed. In contrast to Pharma research, herbal research funding is

relatively pathetic. Thus, there is a relative (some would say

appaling) LACK of good research in many aspects of the safety,

efficacy and mechanisms of action herbal medicines. There is also

relatively little good research on the interactions between herbs,

interactions between their active ingredients, and interactions with

western drugs.

 

Whether we like it or not, many people [even many of our friends!)

see us [herbalists or holistic practitioners] as oddballs, practicing a

scientifically unproven and under-researched if not highly dubious

medicine.

 

In contrast to public perception, the INDUSTRY and its minions

take us VERY seriously! They see us as the SINGLE greatest

challenge to their enormous profits and will do all that they can to

bury us. That could include funding moles within our ranks, and

funding herbal research projects that they expect will produce poor

results or show adverse effects.

 

Ze'v wrote:

> ... we shouldn't swallow speculation and fear to the opposite about

> 'estrogenic herbs, either from articles or from studies that I

> really wonder about their accuracy. I'd raise the question of how

> we perceive herbal medicines to work as opposed to pharmaceutical

> drugs, especially when we combine them in prescriptions.

 

Emmanuel wrote:

> Regarding ... Quack-buster issues, anything that's not in the

> paradigm of WM can technically be targeted as quackery by those

> who wish to ignore efficacy and demand " mechanisms of action " .

 

Agreed. Quackbusters will attack on all fronts.

 

But the question of the wisdom of using steroidogenic herbs in

steroid-sensitive cancer is a prime target for Quackbusters. In

warefare, one is advised to know the enemy and attack the

weakest defences.

 

Mammary and prostate cancer are day-to-day concerns of the

public. Everyone knows someone afflicted with those conditions,

and many fear that they may develop them themselves. THAT is

why I see the oestrogen- or androgen- sensitive cancers as being

to important. They are a potential battle-ground for the industry to

highlight the confusion and scarcity of REAL research knowledge

in our ranks.

 

Many western drugs and herbal molecules work by activating or

blocking cell-receptors. IMO, we should AVOID known

oestrogenic/androgenic herbs/formulas in mammary and prostate

steroid-sensitive cancers unless we are fairly sure that they are

SAFE [i did not say EFFECTIVE!].

 

Comments?

 

 

 

Best regards,

 

 

 

 

Link to comment
Share on other sites

Hi Phil,

 

I accept your crossposting as acceptable since you are quoting and addressing

people on both lists. Seems ethical to me, but my apologies to those who feel

bruised by this.

 

Phil, I can't think of anything to say except nutrients in normal amounts do not

cause hepatomegaly (liver enlargement and injury), while drugs in normal amounts

often do cause hepatomegaly or at least some extra work by the liver. Now I'll

jump completely over to your side, Phil, and point out that simple food intake

and metabolism is presented by physiologists as the most stressful thing we do

over a lifetime. Makes you want to subsist on moderate doses of well cooked and

pureed soup doesn't it? This is exactly what I do when I compete as a distance

runner. Low stress foods and plenty of sleep makes me a more energetic athlete.

 

That's all I can think of for the moment aside from a recommendation that you

look at the molecules characterized in an August, 1998 research article in the

Journal of Chromatography A. Dr. Lin, et. al. characterized 26 new ring

structured molecules in Dang Gui, Angelica sinensis Radix. None of them are

steroids, but some have 5 or 6 rings that show resonance. Makes my biochemist

heart smile. I have similar articles that look at newly found molecules in

Huang Qi, Wu Wei Zi and a number of other herbs. Probably pretty boring for

most of the list, but I figured you, Phil, would get off on it. If you have a

fax number in Ireland, I'll fax you the two pages that shows the 26 cool ring

structured molecules found in Dang Gui. There's one ligustilide dimer that has

a fifth hidden resonant ring ... I love it. Hey, it's no worse than collecting

stamps, coins or Barbie dolls.

 

Emmanuel Segmen

Merritt College

 

-

Cc: traditional_Chinese_Medicine

Thursday, October 02, 2003 10:41 AM

Steroid-sensitive cancers and the body's Detox

Systems

 

 

HI All,

 

Emmanuel wrote:

> Alon, Most of the reference books on pharmaceuticals describe

> specific pathways of metabolism and excretion. They're pretty

> much mostly metabolized as poisons by the liver and kidney. Is it

> your impression that Chinese herbs are mostly delivering poisons

> that require enormous work by the liver and kidney? Emmanuel

 

Alon wrote:

> If you look at some the pharm literature on Chinese herbs you can

> also find some info on pathways and many are the same enzyme as

> those for pharm drugs. There are interactions between herbs and

> drugs that clearly show herbs to be affecting many of the same

> pathways. There are plenty of herbs out there that cause liver and

> kidney damage. While i agree that in general CM is less toxic that

> is not the same as saying that the mechanisms are totally

> diffrent. Does the mechanism of nontoxic drugs then also totally

> different? I think we have too much feel good stuff here. Alon

 

Alon, agreed! ALL drugs, indeed all nutrients, are potential poisons

under certain circumstances. Even the two most essential

nutrients for live - air and water - can kill if they are taken in

excess. Water toxicity is well documented in calves and pigs

deprived of water for a few days and then allowed access to ad-

libitum water.

 

IMO, the body must process (metabolise/handle) ALL molecular

substances [including air & water] absorbed into it, whether from

digesta, skin or lungs. Through its organs, detox-, circulatory- and

excretory- systems, it uses what it needs, and stores or excretes

what it does not need; it neutralises or complexes metabolisable

toxins and excretes or stores the byproducts.

 

IMO, the same principle applies to herbs. Herbs have many active

compounds [alkaloids, glycosides, oxalates, etc] that can be toxic

under certain circumstances. Toxic compounds in herbs can (and

do) cause toxicity or adverse reactions.

 

For example, plant poisoning is well known in cattle [rhododendron,

senecio, veratrum, claviceps, digitalis, pterydium, taxus, nitrate

poisoning, etc]. In USA, selenium toxicity in range-cattle occurs

when they eat excessive amounts of Se-accumulator plants, such

as astragalus. If these plants grow in an area with toxic Se levels in

the soil, they can accumulate up to 10,000 ppm Se in their dry

matter!

 

Whether or ot toxicity occurs after ingestion of herbal materials

depends mainly on (a) the levels of toxic substances in the plant;

(b) the dose and dose-intervals of the plant, and © the health

status of the subject.

 

Subjects whose Detox Systems are fully operational, and who have

not been loaded previously with stored toxin [like heavy metal, etc]

can cope easily with toxin doses that could kill subjects with a

compromised Detox System.

 

For example, the media hype over deaths in people taking products

containing Kava or Hypericum was ludicrous. One MUST expect

that ANY potent drug [herbal or otherwise] poses high risk in

subjects whose livers or kidneys are damaged [bEFORE herbal

use] by severe cirrhosis, hepatitis or nephritis. The subsequent

sales ban on Hypericum and KAVA products was a cynical and

self-interested attack on herbal medicine by its opponents.

 

The western drug Industry pumps milliions (billions?) of dollars into

research each year. The industry has the universities and research

institutes on their side, if only because those institutions DEPEND

on industry for funding. An organisation that " does not play ball "

with the industry will receive no funding from that industry.

 

Ze'v wrote:

> There are presently no mechanisms to study herb interactions in

> prescriptions, although we can safely say that there are more

> complex interactions and more complex pharmacodyamics in the body

> that with most medications.

 

Agreed. In contrast to Pharma research, herbal research funding is

relatively pathetic. Thus, there is a relative (some would say

appaling) LACK of good research in many aspects of the safety,

efficacy and mechanisms of action herbal medicines. There is also

relatively little good research on the interactions between herbs,

interactions between their active ingredients, and interactions with

western drugs.

 

Whether we like it or not, many people [even many of our friends!)

see us [herbalists or holistic practitioners] as oddballs, practicing a

scientifically unproven and under-researched if not highly dubious

medicine.

 

In contrast to public perception, the INDUSTRY and its minions

take us VERY seriously! They see us as the SINGLE greatest

challenge to their enormous profits and will do all that they can to

bury us. That could include funding moles within our ranks, and

funding herbal research projects that they expect will produce poor

results or show adverse effects.

 

Ze'v wrote:

> ... we shouldn't swallow speculation and fear to the opposite about

> 'estrogenic herbs, either from articles or from studies that I

> really wonder about their accuracy. I'd raise the question of how

> we perceive herbal medicines to work as opposed to pharmaceutical

> drugs, especially when we combine them in prescriptions.

 

Emmanuel wrote:

> Regarding ... Quack-buster issues, anything that's not in the

> paradigm of WM can technically be targeted as quackery by those

> who wish to ignore efficacy and demand " mechanisms of action " .

 

Agreed. Quackbusters will attack on all fronts.

 

But the question of the wisdom of using steroidogenic herbs in

steroid-sensitive cancer is a prime target for Quackbusters. In

warefare, one is advised to know the enemy and attack the

weakest defences.

 

Mammary and prostate cancer are day-to-day concerns of the

public. Everyone knows someone afflicted with those conditions,

and many fear that they may develop them themselves. THAT is

why I see the oestrogen- or androgen- sensitive cancers as being

to important. They are a potential battle-ground for the industry to

highlight the confusion and scarcity of REAL research knowledge

in our ranks.

 

Many western drugs and herbal molecules work by activating or

blocking cell-receptors. IMO, we should AVOID known

oestrogenic/androgenic herbs/formulas in mammary and prostate

steroid-sensitive cancers unless we are fairly sure that they are

SAFE [i did not say EFFECTIVE!].

 

Comments?

 

 

 

Best regards,

 

 

 

 

Link to comment
Share on other sites

Hi Phil,

 

I accept your crossposting as acceptable since you are quoting and addressing

people on both lists. Seems ethical to me, but my apologies to those who feel

bruised by this.

 

Phil, I can't think of anything to say except nutrients in normal amounts do not

cause hepatomegaly (liver enlargement and injury), while drugs in normal amounts

often do cause hepatomegaly or at least some extra work by the liver. Now I'll

jump completely over to your side, Phil, and point out that simple food intake

and metabolism is presented by physiologists as the most stressful thing we do

over a lifetime. Makes you want to subsist on moderate doses of well cooked and

pureed soup doesn't it? This is exactly what I do when I compete as a distance

runner. Low stress foods and plenty of sleep makes me a more energetic athlete.

 

That's all I can think of for the moment aside from a recommendation that you

look at the molecules characterized in an August, 1998 research article in the

Journal of Chromatography A. Dr. Lin, et. al. characterized 26 new ring

structured molecules in Dang Gui, Angelica sinensis Radix. None of them are

steroids, but some have 5 or 6 rings that show resonance. Makes my biochemist

heart smile. I have similar articles that look at newly found molecules in

Huang Qi, Wu Wei Zi and a number of other herbs. Probably pretty boring for

most of the list, but I figured you, Phil, would get off on it. If you have a

fax number in Ireland, I'll fax you the two pages that shows the 26 cool ring

structured molecules found in Dang Gui. There's one ligustilide dimer that has

a fifth hidden resonant ring ... I love it. Hey, it's no worse than collecting

stamps, coins or Barbie dolls.

 

Emmanuel Segmen

Merritt College

 

-

Cc: traditional_Chinese_Medicine

Thursday, October 02, 2003 10:41 AM

Steroid-sensitive cancers and the body's Detox

Systems

 

 

HI All,

 

Emmanuel wrote:

> Alon, Most of the reference books on pharmaceuticals describe

> specific pathways of metabolism and excretion. They're pretty

> much mostly metabolized as poisons by the liver and kidney. Is it

> your impression that Chinese herbs are mostly delivering poisons

> that require enormous work by the liver and kidney? Emmanuel

 

Alon wrote:

> If you look at some the pharm literature on Chinese herbs you can

> also find some info on pathways and many are the same enzyme as

> those for pharm drugs. There are interactions between herbs and

> drugs that clearly show herbs to be affecting many of the same

> pathways. There are plenty of herbs out there that cause liver and

> kidney damage. While i agree that in general CM is less toxic that

> is not the same as saying that the mechanisms are totally

> diffrent. Does the mechanism of nontoxic drugs then also totally

> different? I think we have too much feel good stuff here. Alon

 

Alon, agreed! ALL drugs, indeed all nutrients, are potential poisons

under certain circumstances. Even the two most essential

nutrients for live - air and water - can kill if they are taken in

excess. Water toxicity is well documented in calves and pigs

deprived of water for a few days and then allowed access to ad-

libitum water.

 

IMO, the body must process (metabolise/handle) ALL molecular

substances [including air & water] absorbed into it, whether from

digesta, skin or lungs. Through its organs, detox-, circulatory- and

excretory- systems, it uses what it needs, and stores or excretes

what it does not need; it neutralises or complexes metabolisable

toxins and excretes or stores the byproducts.

 

IMO, the same principle applies to herbs. Herbs have many active

compounds [alkaloids, glycosides, oxalates, etc] that can be toxic

under certain circumstances. Toxic compounds in herbs can (and

do) cause toxicity or adverse reactions.

 

For example, plant poisoning is well known in cattle [rhododendron,

senecio, veratrum, claviceps, digitalis, pterydium, taxus, nitrate

poisoning, etc]. In USA, selenium toxicity in range-cattle occurs

when they eat excessive amounts of Se-accumulator plants, such

as astragalus. If these plants grow in an area with toxic Se levels in

the soil, they can accumulate up to 10,000 ppm Se in their dry

matter!

 

Whether or ot toxicity occurs after ingestion of herbal materials

depends mainly on (a) the levels of toxic substances in the plant;

(b) the dose and dose-intervals of the plant, and © the health

status of the subject.

 

Subjects whose Detox Systems are fully operational, and who have

not been loaded previously with stored toxin [like heavy metal, etc]

can cope easily with toxin doses that could kill subjects with a

compromised Detox System.

 

For example, the media hype over deaths in people taking products

containing Kava or Hypericum was ludicrous. One MUST expect

that ANY potent drug [herbal or otherwise] poses high risk in

subjects whose livers or kidneys are damaged [bEFORE herbal

use] by severe cirrhosis, hepatitis or nephritis. The subsequent

sales ban on Hypericum and KAVA products was a cynical and

self-interested attack on herbal medicine by its opponents.

 

The western drug Industry pumps milliions (billions?) of dollars into

research each year. The industry has the universities and research

institutes on their side, if only because those institutions DEPEND

on industry for funding. An organisation that " does not play ball "

with the industry will receive no funding from that industry.

 

Ze'v wrote:

> There are presently no mechanisms to study herb interactions in

> prescriptions, although we can safely say that there are more

> complex interactions and more complex pharmacodyamics in the body

> that with most medications.

 

Agreed. In contrast to Pharma research, herbal research funding is

relatively pathetic. Thus, there is a relative (some would say

appaling) LACK of good research in many aspects of the safety,

efficacy and mechanisms of action herbal medicines. There is also

relatively little good research on the interactions between herbs,

interactions between their active ingredients, and interactions with

western drugs.

 

Whether we like it or not, many people [even many of our friends!)

see us [herbalists or holistic practitioners] as oddballs, practicing a

scientifically unproven and under-researched if not highly dubious

medicine.

 

In contrast to public perception, the INDUSTRY and its minions

take us VERY seriously! They see us as the SINGLE greatest

challenge to their enormous profits and will do all that they can to

bury us. That could include funding moles within our ranks, and

funding herbal research projects that they expect will produce poor

results or show adverse effects.

 

Ze'v wrote:

> ... we shouldn't swallow speculation and fear to the opposite about

> 'estrogenic herbs, either from articles or from studies that I

> really wonder about their accuracy. I'd raise the question of how

> we perceive herbal medicines to work as opposed to pharmaceutical

> drugs, especially when we combine them in prescriptions.

 

Emmanuel wrote:

> Regarding ... Quack-buster issues, anything that's not in the

> paradigm of WM can technically be targeted as quackery by those

> who wish to ignore efficacy and demand " mechanisms of action " .

 

Agreed. Quackbusters will attack on all fronts.

 

But the question of the wisdom of using steroidogenic herbs in

steroid-sensitive cancer is a prime target for Quackbusters. In

warefare, one is advised to know the enemy and attack the

weakest defences.

 

Mammary and prostate cancer are day-to-day concerns of the

public. Everyone knows someone afflicted with those conditions,

and many fear that they may develop them themselves. THAT is

why I see the oestrogen- or androgen- sensitive cancers as being

to important. They are a potential battle-ground for the industry to

highlight the confusion and scarcity of REAL research knowledge

in our ranks.

 

Many western drugs and herbal molecules work by activating or

blocking cell-receptors. IMO, we should AVOID known

oestrogenic/androgenic herbs/formulas in mammary and prostate

steroid-sensitive cancers unless we are fairly sure that they are

SAFE [i did not say EFFECTIVE!].

 

Comments?

 

 

 

Best regards,

 

 

 

 

Link to comment
Share on other sites

Hi All, & Hi Emmanuel,

 

Emmanuel wrote:

> Hi Phil, ... I can't think of anything to say except nutrients in

> normal amounts do not cause hepatomegaly and liver injury, while

> drugs in normal amounts often do cause hepatomegaly or at least

> some extra work by the liver.

 

Agreed, in most cases. I accept your point about WM drugs and

liver.

 

However, we see conditions in animals where energy-dense feed

[for example high-concentrate diets in cattle, or high-energy forced-

feeding of Strasbourg geese] causes massive fat-infiltration into

liver; liver fat content can rise to 20-40%, with swelling of the liver

and great increase in serum liver enzymes.

 

Such livers are under severe metabolic stress, with clinical

consequences that include lowered immunity, laminitis/hoof-

lameness [equivalent to " nail-bed " disorders in humans], infertility,

indigestion and rumen acidosis [LV overacting on ST in cattle, not

geese!], etc.

 

It is uncanny how well some of the LV Syndromes in TCM reflect in

clinical findings in western vet practice! A rare manifestation of

grain-acidosis in cattle is hypocalcaemia, with spasms, tetany, or

paresis. LV-Fire/Wind Rising?

 

Another COMMON situation with " NORMAL " feed occurs when

cattle are on heavily fertilised grass. Mean N values in Irish grass

are 3.5% DM, equivalent to crude protein values of 23%. On heavily

fertilised grass, N values can reach 5-6% DM, equivalent to 31-37%

crude protein in the DM. The enormous amount of N absorbed

[mainly as ammonia and amino acids] must be converted into urea

and proteins in LV. These livers cannot cope and serum urea-N

values [bUN] rise markedly.

 

> Now I'll jump completely over to your side, Phil, and point out

> that simple food intake and metabolism is presented by

> physiologists as the most stressful thing we do over a lifetime.

> Makes you want to subsist on moderate doses of well cooked and

> pureed soup doesn't it? This is exactly what I do when I compete

> as a distance runner. Low stress foods and plenty of sleep makes

> me a more energetic athlete.

 

Emmanuel, I have to take my hat off to you here. I'm no athlete and

I could do with a lot more exercise, but there is too much writing to

be done ...

 

> That's all I can think of for now aside from a recommendation that

> you look at the molecules characterized in an August, 1998

> research article in the Journal of Chromatography A. Dr. Lin, et.

> al. characterized 26 new ring structured molecules in Danggui.

> None of them are steroids, but some have 5 or 6 rings that show

> resonance. Makes my biochemist heart smile. I have similar

> articles that look at newly found molecules in Huangqi, Wuweizi

> and a number of other herbs. Probably pretty boring for most of

> the list, but I figured you, Phil, would get off on it. If you

> have a fax number in Ireland, I'll fax you the two pages that

> shows the 26 cool ring structured molecules found in Danggui.

> There's one ligustilide dimer that has a fifth hidden resonant

> ring ... I love it. Hey, it's no worse than collecting stamps,

> coins or Barbie dolls. Emmanuel

 

As I work from home now, I have no fax. I will take your word about

the beauty of the molecular rings. For me, the most beautiful rings

are made by salmon or trout, nosing for my fly! To each his/her own!

 

I am digesting Sammy's comments on testosterone. They are

most interesting comments from one at the receiving end. I will wait

for other comment before I respond.

 

Have a great weekend!

 

Best regards,

 

Email: <

 

WORK : Teagasc Research Management, Sandymount Ave., Dublin 4, Ireland

Mobile: 353-; [in the Republic: 0]

 

HOME : 1 Esker Lawns, Lucan, Dublin, Ireland

Tel : 353-; [in the Republic: 0]

WWW : http://homepage.eircom.net/~progers/searchap.htm

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>>>However, we see conditions in animals where energy-dense feed

[for example high-concentrate diets in cattle, or high-energy forced-

feeding of Strasbourg geese] causes massive fat-infiltration into

liver; liver fat content can rise to 20-40%, with swelling of the liver

and great increase in serum liver enzymes.

 

I was wondering about the possibility of fatty liver in horses - any

evidence you know of? And some horses (EPSM/PSSM) can only maintain normal

muscle function on a pint of supplementary oil a day - that must have a

downside.

 

>>>Such livers are under severe metabolic stress, with clinical

consequences that include lowered immunity, laminitis/hoof-

lameness [equivalent to " nail-bed " disorders in humans], infertility,

indigestion and rumen acidosis [LV overacting on ST in cattle, not

geese!], etc.

 

Mind you, Chai Hu Qing Gan Tan appeared to do roughly that to my horse. A

Spleen tonic formula actually caused a gastric ulcer.

 

>>>>Another COMMON situation with " NORMAL " feed occurs when

cattle are on heavily fertilised grass. Mean N values in Irish grass

are 3.5% DM, equivalent to crude protein values of 23%.

 

And sugars up to 40% in improved species like ryegrass - which has now been

sown into many horse paddocks, or used for their hay.

 

Jackie

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Phil, I can't think of anything to say except nutrients in normal amounts do not

cause hepatomegaly (liver enlargement and injury), while drugs in normal amounts

often do cause hepatomegaly or at least some extra work by the liver.

>>>>If herbs are foods what do you make of toxicity of licorish

Alon

 

 

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Phil, I can't think of anything to say except nutrients in normal amounts do not

cause hepatomegaly (liver enlargement and injury), while drugs in normal amounts

often do cause hepatomegaly or at least some extra work by the liver.

>>>>If herbs are foods what do you make of toxicity of licorish

Alon

 

 

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least some extra work by the liver.

>>>>If herbs are foods what do you make of toxicity of licorish

Alon

 

Sorry, can't go there. I don't make that premise. Herbs are thousands of

things: nutrients, medicines, and things that I have yet to imagine. And that's

just in reference to the molecules. What is toxic to one person, may be

nutritional balance to another.

 

Emmanuel Segmen

 

 

 

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Hi Jackie,

 

Because society usually views them as special animals, there is

little research on horses relative to cattle. For example, a search of

CAB Abstracts for the profile (fatty or steato* or fat-infiltration) and

(liver or hepat*) and (horse? or mare? or equine) gave only 67 hits,

as compared with 908 hits for the same profile for cattle. Very few

of the equine hits were relevant.

 

There are virtually no fat stores in the liver of newborn foals

(Stammer et al, 1991). Postnatal fat accumulation in equine liver is

associated with dietary and pathological factors. Ocana-Quero et al

(1993) and Carroll et al (1987) suggest that enterotoxaemia

associated with excessive carbohydrate intake caused liver

damage, including fatty degeneration/fatty liver, in horses. A

genetic component is involved; the Morgan breed appears more

predisposed metabolically than Thoroughbreds to laminitis and

associated fatty liver (Janson, 1980).

 

Hepatic fatty degeneration in horses can occur in Tyzzer's disease,

toxicosis (aflatoxin, fumonisin) from fungal-contaminated feed and

other hetatoxoxins, such as camphechlor (toxaphene) poisoning.

Hepatic lipidosis [fatty infiltration] can be a non-specific

concomitant of hepatocyte necrosis in many liver pathologies,

including some bacterial infections and equine herpes virus 1

infection and equine dysautonomia (grass sickness).

 

Stress and undernutrition/starvation can mobilise fat from storage

depots, causing hyperlipaemia and increased fatty acid levels in

blood. This can cause fatty liver also.

 

Acland-HM; Mann-PC; Robertson-JL; Divers-TJ; Lichtensteiger-CA;

Whitlock-RH | Toxic hepatopathy in neonatal foals. | Veterinary-

Pathology. 1984, 21: 1, 3-9; 23 ref. LA: English | Six foals and

three different breeds, born to healthy mares, and normal at birth,

died at 2-5 days of age with icterus, ataxia, head pressing, and

terminal hepatic coma. Their livers were less than one-half normal

weight. Most of the liver was dark red-brown and slightly rubbery.

Histologically, these areas were characterized by severe bile

ductule proliferation, mild portal tract fibrosis, and massive

hepatocellular necrosis and lobular collapse. A small proportion of

the liver, usually on the peripheral part of the lobes, was grossly

light brown and slightly raised. Histologically, these areas had mild

to severe bile stasis in canaliculi. In the thin marginal zone

between the severely affected and mildly affected liver, there was

mild bile ductule proliferation and periportal fatty change and

necrosis. Alzheimer's type II cells, characteristic of

hepatoencephalopathy, were numerous in the brains of all foals.

Within two hours after birth, all the foals had been given an oral

proprietary nutritional paste (PrimaPaste SL), the ingredients of

which included a viable Aspergillus sp. and an iron compound.

Similar lesions were produced in an experimental foal given three

tubes of the paste. The lack of significant inflammation in the liver

suggested a deficiency or toxic cause to be more likely than an

infectious or immune mediated one. PT: Journal-article AN:

842240041

 

Bauer-JE; Ransone-WD | Fatty acid composition of serum lipids in

fasting ponies. | Lipids. 1983, 18: 6, 397-401; 15 ref. LA: English |

Hyperlipidaemia in horses presented for treatment of various

diseases associated with food deprivation has been described [see

VB 39, Abst 3496]. Alterations in the fatty acid distribution of total

lipid extracts and of 4 of the major lipid subclasses of serum in

ponies starved overnight and for 4 and 7 days were determined.

Although there were changes in individual fatty acids, overall there

was no significant change in the ratio of saturated to unsaturated

fatty acids in the total extracts. Phospholipids became enriched in

saturated fatty acids owing to a decrease in 18:1, but this

response was variable. The free fatty acid and triglyceride fractions

both showed increases in relative amounts of 18:3omega3 and a

decrease in 18:0 and a concomitant change in the saturated:

unsaturated fatty acid ration. This was attributed to mobilization of

an increased proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids from tissue

sites with their subsequent incorporation into triglyceride by the

liver. Fatty acid composition of the cholesteryl ester fractions was

unchanged during starvation, but contained appreciable amounts of

the 18:2omega6 fatty acid. PT: Journal-article AN: 842240100

 

Carroll-CL; Hazard-G; Coloe-PJ; Hooper-PT | Laminitis and

possible enterotoxaemia associated with carbohydrate overload in

mares. | Equine-Veterinary-Journal. 1987, 19: 4, 344-346; 6 ref. LA:

English | During a period of drought 17 lactating mares were fed a

daily diet of 7-8 kg wheaten hay and 4-5 kg concentrates

containing 5.8% crude fibre. During subsequent rainfall the

concentrate was withdrawn and oat hay, which was unpalatable,

then whole oats and a little hay were fed for three days, followed by

a new supply of concentrate and oat hay, one day after which two

animals were found dead. Subsequently one was killed in extremis;

6 became ill and one further died at 6 days. For four days only

wheat hay was fed, then oats were introduced to unaffected

lactating mares and one died the next day. Symptoms included

enteritis, abdominal pain, lameness, acute laminitis, pyrexia,

cyanosis, limb oedema and tachycardia. PM lesions included

gastric distension, intestinal hyperaemia, pulmonary congestion,

fatty liver, nephrosis, epicardial petechiation and, in one case,

rotation of the os pedis of both fore feet. Cultures of faeces from 8

mares yielded large numbers of coliforms and enterococci.

Cultures of the small and large intestinal contents of the last mare

to die yielded large numbers of Clostridium perfringens type D

which was producing 80 mouse lethal units of toxin per ml of small

intestinal contents. No further cases followed removal to pasture on

another farm. PT: Journal-article AN: 872201893

 

Geelen-SNJ; Blazquez-C; Geelen-MJH; Oldruitenborgh-Oosterbaan-

MMS-van; Beynen-AC; van-Oldruitenborgh-Oosterbaan-MMS; Sloet-

van-Oldruitenborgh-Oosterbaan-MM | High fat intake lowers hepatic

fatty acid synthesis and raises fatty acid oxidation in aerobic

muscle in Shetland ponies. | British-Journal-of-Nutrition. 2001, 86:

1, 31-36; 40 ref. LA: English | The metabolic effects of feeding

soyabean oil instead of an isoenergetic amount of maize starch

plus glucose were studied in ponies. Twelve adult Shetland ponies

were given a control diet (15 g fat/kg DM) or a high-fat diet (118 g

fat/kg DM) according to a parallel design. The diets were fed for 45

d. Plasma triacylglycerol (TAG) concentrations decreased by 55%

following fat supplementation. Fat feeding also reduced glycogen

concentrations significantly by up to 65% in masseter, gluteus and

semitendinosus muscles (P < 0.05, P < 0.01 and P < 0.01

respectively). The high-fat diet significantly increased the TAG

content of semitendinosus muscle by 80% (P < 0.05). Hepatic

acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthase activities were

53% (P < 0.01) and 56% (P < 0.01) lower respectively in the high-

fat group, but diacylglycerol acyltransferase activity was

unaffected. Although carnitine palmitoyltransferase-I (CPT-I) activity

in liver mitochondria was not influenced, fat supplementation did

render CPT-I less sensitive to inhibition by malonyl-CoA. There was

no significant effect of diet on the activity of phosphofructokinase in

the different muscles. The activity of citrate synthase was raised

significantly (by 25%; P < 0.05) in the masseter muscle of fat-fed

ponies, as was CPT-I activity (by 46%; P < 0.01). We conclude

that fat feeding enhances both the transport of fatty acids through

the mitochondrial inner membrane and the oxidative capacity of

highly-aerobic muscles. The higher oxidative ability together with

the depressed rate of de novo fatty acid synthesis in liver may

contribute to the dietary fat-induced decrease in plasma TAG

concentrations in equines. PT: Journal-article AN: 20013089794

 

Gopinath-C; Ford-EJH | The effect of induced hepatic microsomal

amidopyrine demethylase activity on the susceptibility of the liver of

the calf and horse to carbon disulphide. | Journal-of-Comparative-

Pathology. 1976, 86: 2, 251-258; 17 ref. LA: English | The

administration of carbon disulphide to horses and calves in which

the hepatic microsomal amido-pyrine N-demethylase activity had

been raised by daily dosing with phenobarbital for 14 days, was

followed by a rapid fall in the induced microsomal enzyme activity

and the development, in calves, of bilirubinaemia and clinical

jaundice. These changes were accompanied by the release of live

specific enzymes into the plasma and centrilobular liver cell

necrosis with ballooning of the central and midzonal cells, fatty

changes, loss of glycogen and of intracellular enzyme activity. The

same dose of disulphide given to horses and calves which had not

been pretreated with phenobarbital did not cause jaundice and no

liver changes were detected. It is suggested that the product of the

metabolism of disulphide by the microsomal enzymes of horses

and cattle is hepatotoxic. PT: Journal-article AN: 762275596

 

Harrington-DD | Naturally-occurring Tyzzer's disease (Bacillus

piliformis infection) in horse foals. | Veterinary-Record. 1975, 96:

No.3, 59-63. LA: English LS: German, French | Spontaneous

Tyzzer's disease is described in two quarter horse foals which died

suddenly with no clinical history of apparent illness. Significant

gross findings included icterus, focal pale tan areas in the liver and

catarrhal enterocolitis. Focal dark red lesions were present in the

small intestine of one foal, and the mesenteric lymph nodes of

another were enlarged and hyperaemic. Histologically, the liver

showed multiple discrete and confluent foci of necrosis, fatty

change, sinusoid congestion and haemorrhage. Bundles of

intracytoplasmic bacilli were demonstrated in hepatocytes at the

margin of liver lesions using special stains. Infiltration of the portal

triads with inflammatory cells and biliary duct hyperplasia and

degeneration were also observed. Lesions in the intestine were

characterised by mucosal necrosis with inflammatory cell

infiltration, increased mucus production, submucosal lymphois

hyperplasia and, in one foal, submucosal haemorrhage. Necrosis of

lymph follicles, congestion and haemorrhage were also present in

the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes. PT: Journal-article AN:

752283773

 

Janson-CH | Metabolic characteristics and susceptibility to

laminitis in Morgan and Thoroughbred horses. | Dissertation-

Abstracts-International,-B. 1980, 41: 6, 2085. LA: English | Breed

susceptibility to laminitis was assessed through a nationwide poll

of 235 equine veterinary practitioners. Laminitis occurred in 0.92%

of the horse population, with the American Quarter Horse (AQH)

being the most susceptible breed. In practices limited to either

AQH or Thoroughbreds (the 2 most common breeds in the USA),

the AQH had an incidence of laminitis 8 times greater than the

Thoroughbred. However, the recovery rate of the AQH was 1.3

times higher; Thoroughbreds had a 5-fold higher death rate than

AQHs, primarily due to complications of the disease. During Sep.-

May, concentrations of serum phospholipids, triglycerides, total

cholesterol, NEFAs and glucose were recorded in 15 fasting

horses (8 Morgans and 7 Thoroughbreds). Morgans had higher

concentrations of total lipid than Thoroughbreds, although the

relative proportions of each type of lipid were similar. Morgans

showed less ability to clear and metabolise glucose in response to

glucose, insulin and adrenaline administration, and the amount of

insulin secreted was less than in the Thoroughbred, which was

more prone to hypoglycaemic shock. Increased mobilisation and

clearance of NEFAs during adrenaline administration and insulin

tolerance tests were seen in Morgans but not in Thoroughbreds.

Tests showed Morgans to tend towards hypothyroidism, and to

have some degree of hepatic impairment. It was concluded that the

Morgan appears more predisposed metabolically than the

Thoroughbred to laminitis and associated fatty liver. PT: Journal-

article AN: 810160424

 

Macruz-R; Davila-HC | Occurrence of kidney infection in equines

caused by Klossiella equi (Baumann, 1946). | Arquivos-do-Instituto-

Biologico-Sao-Paulo. 1989, 56: Supl., 63. LA: Portuguese | The

first focus occurred in 1985 in Salvador Bahia, causing the death of

11 donkeys. Histopathological examination revealed a non-

suppurative interstitial nephritis with large numbers of parasites in

the tubules. The liver showed severe fatty degeneration probably

caused by treatment administered. The second focus was seen in

1988 in a Thoroughbred horse originating from Bananal and being

kept at the Jockey Club, Sao Paulo. The animal was killed

because of a broken humerus. At PM examination, formaldehyde-

fixed kidney sections stained by haematoxylin and eosin showed

interstitial nephritis and many parasites at different stages of

development (uninuclear, microgametes, macrogametes,

sporoblasts, sporocysts) were seen in the nephrons. This seems

to be the first identified record in Brazil and confirms the need to

examine urine during the course of reaching a diagnosis. PT:

Journal-article AN: 912251020

 

Macruz-R; Franco-RM | Occurrence of a case of granulomatous

encephalomyelitis in a Thoroughbred horse caused by nematodes.

| Arquivos-do-Instituto-Biologico-Sao-Paulo. 1989, 56: 63. LA:

Portuguese | At the Jockey Club of Sao Paulo, an 8-year-old

Thoroughbred developed progressive locomotor incoordination over

a period of about 20 days. Weakness of the hindquarters grew

steadily worse and there was facial paralysis and nervous

excitement terminating in lateral recumbency. PM examination

revealed organs congested or haemorrhagic with fatty accumulation

in the liver; brownish foci of the central nervous system in the

region of the thalamus, hypothalamus and bulb; areas of

granulomatous encephalomyelitis with nematodes present. Over 30

years during which 3540 PM examinations were recorded, this is

the first case of parasitic encephalomyelitis. The foreign literature,

however, cites some cases caused by Micronema deletrix. PT:

Journal-article AN: 912251021

 

Marrs-J; Small-J; Milne-EM; John-HA | Liver and biliary system

pathology in equine dysautonomia (grass sickness). | Journal-of-

Veterinary-Medicine.-Series-A. 2001, 48: 4, 243-255; 43 ref. LA:

English | The study employed 12 healthy horses with no apparent

signs of neurological or gastrointestinal disease and 55 horses

suffering from grass sickness (GS). Fifteen of the cases were

acute (AGS, < 2 days), 26 were subacute (SAGS, 2-7 days) and

the remaining 14 were chronic (CGS, > 7 days). Hepatocellular and

hepatobiliary damage was assessed. Based on histopathological

analysis, enlarged hepatocytes; hepatocyte vacuolation that is

indicative of steatosis; intrahepatocyte, canalicular and periportal

deposition of pigments; frequent leukocyte infiltration and

cholangitis were observed to occur even in some early cases of

AGS. The AGS and SAGS groups displayed significantly

increased levels of conjugated bilirubin, particularly in urine; but

unconjugated bilirubin increased significantly in all the groups.

Increased levels of bile acid in some individuals from each group,

and significantly elevated levels of glutamate dehydrogenase in

AGS and SAGS cases were also observed. These findings suggest

that liver and biliary system dysfunction is present in horses

suffering from GS and may be directly related to the pathogenesis

of the disease. PT: Journal-article AN: 20013077975

 

McGavin-MD; Knake-R | Hepatic midzonal necrosis in a pig fed

aflatoxin and a horse fed moldy hay. | Veterinary-Pathology. 1977,

14: 2, 182-187; 13 ref. LA: English | Four Duroc pigs of 35 kg

bodyweight were fed on an experimental diet with maize on which

Aspergillus parasiticus had been grown. It had aflatoxin B 5 mu g/g

and combined B2,G1 and G2 6 mu g/g. Pigs had the feed for 4

days but ate only on average 0.5 kg daily. Dysentery, lethargy and

anorexia followed and 1 pig died on the 3rd day. Histological study

showed haemorrhagic enteritis and extensive mid zonal necrosis of

the liver. Histological study of a horse 13 years old that died 2 days

after the onset of colic induced by eating mouldy hay showed

haemorrhagic enteritis, fatty degeneration of the myocardium and

extensive total midzonal necrosis of the liver. PT: Journal-article

AN: 771458264

 

Ocana-Quero-JM; Gomez-Villamandos-RJ; Rosa-Morillas-JC;

Valera-Cordoba-M; Munoz-Carmona-JA; Ortega-Mariscal-MA;

Santisteban-Valenzuela-JM; Gomez-Villamandos-JC; Avila-Jurado-I

| Consequences of an imbalanced diet for horses. Preliminary

study. | Archivos-de-Zootecnia. 1993, 42: 156, 81-84; 6 ref. LA:

Spanish LS: English | Blood was sampled from 18 Spanish horses

4-12 years old weighing 345-450 kg living in similar conditions and

the liver of 11 horses from the same location which had died at 2

days to 18 years old was examined. Of the horses which had died,

8/11 showed some degree of fatty degeneration of the liver and 1

had hepatomegalia. Only 3 seemed to have a normal liver. There

was no difference in activity of gamma-glutamyltransferase or of

aspartate aminotransferase in blood between horses under and

over 10 years old. Some of the horses showed a slight increase

above normal in the activity of these enzymes. Digestible energy

30.05 Mcal daily (recommended value 16.5 Mcal daily), crude fibre

28.6% DM (18-22% DM) and phosphorus 31 g daily (14-18 g)

intakes were excessive as were those for DM, digestible crude

protein and calcium. It is concluded that excessive carbohydrate

intake gave rise to liver damage. PT: Journal-article AN: 941406178

 

Poso-AR; Viljanen-Tarifa-E; Soveri-T; Oksanen-HE | Exercise-

induced transient hyperlipidemia in the racehorse. | Journal-of-

Veterinary-Medicine.-Series-A. 1989, 36: 8, 603-611; 26 ref. LA:

English LS: German | Effects of graded intensity exercise on

plasma lipids was studied in Standardbred and Finnishbred

Trotters. The rate of lipolysis indicated by the elevated plasma

concentrations of glycerol increased parallel with the intensity of

the trot in the Standardbreds, but not as clearly in the Finnishbred

trotters. During the exercise plasma triglyceride concentration

increased significantly and the increase correlated with the

intensity of the exercise as well as the activity of lipolysis.

Together with the increase in plasma triglycerides, there was a

parallel increase in the pre-beta fraction of lipoproteins which

suggests that the hepatic synthesis of triglycerides was increased.

It was calculated that about one third of the NEFAs released in

lipolysis during the high-intensity exercise is oxidized and the

remainder is used for resynthesis of triglycerides. Since there were

interstrain differences in the concentrations of triglycerides and

glycerol after the high-intensity exercise it is suggested that the

differences may be of some value in the estimation of recovery after

submaximal exercise. PT: Journal-article AN: 902201634

 

Stammers-JP; Hull-D; Leadon-DP; Jeffcott-LB; Rossdale-PD |

Maternal and umbilical venous plasma lipid concentrations at

delivery in the mare. | Equine-Veterinary-Journal. 1991, 23: 2, 119-

122; 24 ref. LA: English | The concentrations and fatty acid

composition of the plasma free fatty acid, triacylglycerol and

phospholipid fractions were determined in maternal and umbilical

cord vein blood samples taken at parturition from 17 mares.

Maternal and umbilical vein plasma free fatty acid concentrations

were of a similar order and a positive correlation was found between

the 2 values suggesting that the equine placenta is permeable to

fatty acid. Substantial amounts of the essential fatty acids and

their longer chain derivatives were seen in both umbilical vein

plasma free fatty acid and phospholipid fractions supporting this

view. Certain long chain polyunsaturated derivatives of the essential

fatty acids found in the umbilical venous plasma phospholipid

fraction were not seen in the maternal circulating lipids. The

precursor fatty acids were readily available to both fetal and

placental tissues and therefore must have been elongated and

incorporated into phospholipid by either or both. Very small

amounts of the essential fatty acids were found in adipose stores

in the newborn foal and virtually no fat stores at all in the newborn

foal liver. PT: Journal-article AN: 912220251

 

Watson-TDG; Burns-L; Packard-CJ; Shepherd-J | Effects of

pregnancy and lactation on plasma lipid and lipoprotein

concentrations, lipoprotein composition and post-heparin lipase

activities in Shetland pony mares. | Journal-of-Reproduction-and-

Fertility. 1993, 97: 2, 563-568; 28 ref. LA: English | The incidence

of hyperlipaemia in ponies is highest in mares in late gestation and

then early in lactation. Plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentrations

were measured to establish the metabolic basis for this and the

lipoprotein composition of 6 healthy Shetland ponies was analysed

before pregnancy, in the last 6 weeks of gestation and 1 month

after foaling. In pregnant ponies, concentrations of cholesterol and

triglyceride were increased because of increased concentrations of

high density lipoproteins (HDL) and very low density lipoproteins

(VLDL), respectively. The VLDL were significantly enriched in

triglyceride and depleted of protein, with most cholesterol in the

free rather than esterified form. These changes appeared to reflect

increased hepatic triglyceride synthesis and VLDL secretion

because the activities of lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase, the

enzyme responsible for the catabolism of VLDL and their

remnants, were unaltered. After foaling, the concentrations of

triglyceride and VLDL decreased significantly because of increased

lipoprotein lipase activity consistent with the induction of the

enzyme in mammary tissue to provide for milk fat synthesis.

Plasma cholesterol and HDL concentrations remained high and

NEFA concentrations were significantly increased. The VLDL

remained enriched in triglyceride but had normal cholesterol and

protein compositions, although the mass of phospholipids was

reduced. The changes in plasma VLDL concentration and

composition found in the pregnant ponies mimicked those

previously reported in ponies with hyperlipaemia and suggested a

metabolic basis for the incidence of the disease in late gestation.

PT: Journal-article AN: 952204814

 

Wensing-T; Schotman-AJH; Kroneman-J | Effect of treatment with

glucose, galactose and insulin on hyperlipaemia

(hyperlipoproteinaemia) in ponies. | Tijdschrift-voor-

Diergeneeskunde. 1974, 99: 18, 919-929. LA: Dutch LS: English |

The study covered 103 widely assorted ponies with hyperlipaemia.

Blood was sampled regularly. One treatment was with glucose 1

g/kg bodyweight by mouth twice daily and insulin 15 units by

muscle. As a result the concentration of total lipid in blood and

also the pH fell, lactate increased greatly and glucose rose. The

ponies developed severe acidosis and nearly all died. In a second

treatment ponies had on the odd days 100 g glucose by mouth

twice and insulin 30 units by muscle and on the even days 100 g

galactose once by mouth and insulin 15 units twice by muscle. All

doses were increased by 50% for ponies weighing over 200 kg and

for all with total lipid exceeding 8000 mg/100 ml. If they had severe

acidosis they had 2 doses of 150 g galactose instead of the same

amount of glucose on the first day. When total lipid fell below 3000

mg/100 ml, the ponies had on odd days glucose 75 g twice and

insulin 15 units and on even days galactose 75 g once and insulin

10 units twice; all amounts were raised by 50% if the ponies were

large. Acidosis and diarrhoea were treated. The supply of sugars

was stopped when total lipid stayed <1000 mg/100 ml for several

days and insulin was phased out over the next 3 days. Alternating

use of both sugars reduced hyperlipaemia, pH rose and there was

hardly any rise in lactate. Dissection of dead ponies showed that a

number of organs were fatty, even if total blood lipid had become

normal. The few liver studies made revealed no glycogen. Results

were compared for ponies which survived or died, also for the

clinically healthy and those given the first treatment. It was

concluded that mares in late pregnancy with total lipid >3000

mg/100 ml were particularly at risk. PT: Journal-article AN:

741424363

 

Zientara-S | Hepatic encephalopathy in mares in western France. |

Bulletin-des-G.T.V. 1993, No. 3, 77-84; 20 ref. LA: French LS:

English, Spanish | During May-November 1992, 146 cases of a

fatal, sporadic, hepatic encephalopathy were reported in horse

breeding centres of western France. The disease affected mares

kept on permanent pasture, and was characterized clinically by an

initial phase of icterus and photosensitization, followed by central

nervous signs. 80% of cases died. Peak incidence was in July (56

cases). Virological tests were negative. No seroconversions for

leptospirosis were detected. Histological examination of liver

samples showed necrotizing hepatitis and steatosis. Herbage

samples were negative for fungi, fungal spores and coumestrol.

However, the white clover component of the samples had a high

content (over 50%) of soluble nitrogenous matter and, in one case,

a high content of hydrocyanic acid. PT: Journal-article AN:

932291220

 

>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

 

Phil: However, we see conditions in animals where energy-dense

feed [for example high-concentrate diets in cattle, or high-energy

forced- feeding of Strasbourg geese] causes massive fat-infiltration

into liver; liver fat content can rise to 20-40%, with swelling of the

liver and great increase in serum liver enzymes.

 

Jackie: I was wondering about the possibility of fatty liver in horses -

any evidence you know of? And some horses (EPSM/PSSM) can

only maintain normal muscle function on a pint of supplementary

oil a day - that must have a downside.

 

Phil: Such livers are under severe metabolic stress, with clinical

consequences that include lowered immunity, laminitis/hoof-

lameness [equivalent to " nail-bed " disorders in humans], infertility,

indigestion and rumen acidosis [LV overacting on ST in cattle, not

geese!], etc.

 

Jaclie: Mind you, Chaihu Qing Gan Tan appeared to do roughly that

to my horse. A Spleen tonic formula actually caused a gastric

ulcer.

 

Phil: Another COMMON situation with " NORMAL " feed occurs

when cattle are on heavily fertilised grass. Mean N values in Irish

grass are 3.5% DM, equivalent to crude protein values of 23%.

 

Jackie: And sugars up to 40% in improved species like ryegrass -

which has now been sown into many horse paddocks, or used for

their hay.

 

>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

Best regards,

 

Email: <

 

WORK : Teagasc Research Management, Sandymount Ave., Dublin 4, Ireland

Mobile: 353-; [in the Republic: 0]

 

HOME : 1 Esker Lawns, Lucan, Dublin, Ireland

Tel : 353-; [in the Republic: 0]

WWW : http://homepage.eircom.net/~progers/searchap.htm

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