The Virus Cancer Program 1964-1980

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The Virus Cancer Program 1964-1980The Birthplace Of AIDS And The Kaposi's Sarcoma EpidemicBy Alan Cantwell, MD© 2005 9-27-5

 

The epidemic of HIV/AIDS and the epidemic of "gay cancer" Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is widely known as the "gay cancer" that oftenaccompanied AIDS when the first cases broke out in gay men inManhattan in 1979. In 1994 a new "human herpes-8" virus was discoveredthat is now widely accepted as the cause of all forms of KS. However,it is extremely important to note that the new KS herpes virus (KSHV)is separate and distinct from the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV),the virus that causes AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome).Therefore, it is now important to recognize that two new viruses were"introduced" into gays that produced not only the epidemic ofHIV/AIDS, but also the new epidemic of KS ("gay cancer"). Two new viral epidemics erupting exclusively in homosexuals is anunprecedented event in medical science. Such a bizarre and unlikelyscenario strongly suggests to me that that the two epidemics of HIVand KS are more likely to have occurred due to the deliberate oraccidental "introduction" of new viruses into gay men"-and not fromtwo viruses suddenly appearing "out of Africa." The widely-held theory is that HIV originated in African primates inthe African bush. Somehow the monkey or chimpanzee virus "jumpedspecies" into black Africans to initiate the epidemic which has nowkilled 20 million people and infected 40 million more. How thissexually-transmitted virus came from black Africa to initially infectonly young white gay men in Manhattan has never been explainedsatisfactorily. Furthermore, the epidemic in America erupted in thelate 1970s, at a time when AIDS in Africa was unknown. The AIDSepidemic in Africa appeared in the autumn of 1982, at the earliest. The man-made origin of HIV/AIDS The man-made theory of AIDS is generally dismissed as "conspiracytheory." Nevertheless, AIDS researchers and writers like myself, Dr.Leonard G Horowitz, Dr. Robert Strecker, Professor Robert Lee, andothers have proposed for two decades that HIV was seeded into gay menwhen they volunteered for the experimental hepatitis B vaccineexperiment which took place in Manhattan, beginning in November 1978.Additional similar hepatitis B experiments using gay men as guineapigs continued in other American cities until 1981 -the year the AIDSepidemic became official. Some of the cities included Los Angeles andSan Francisco which, along with New York City, became the three bigepicenters of the epidemic. My two books on the man-made origin of this disease: AIDS and theDoctors of Death [1988] , and Queer Blood: The Secret AIDS GenocidePlot [1993], provide documented evidence to support this theory. AGoogle internet search using the key words -man-made origin ofAIDS-has 246,000 citations to various websites that explore this issuein detail. Despite all this, the man-made theory remains totallyignored by the scientific establishment and the major media. The origin of the new Kaposi's Sarcoma virus Like HIV, the new KS herpes virus-8 discovered in 1994 is consideredto be yet another primate virus out of Africa with a suspected primate"viral ancestor" hiding in the African jungle. We are expected tobelieve that two primate viruses (a retrovirus and a herpes virus)jumped species in Africa at the same time -and ended up exclusively inthe blood of white gay American men to produce a new immunodeficiencydisease in 1979, now called AIDS. This proposed scenario suggests tome that such an unlikely African event has the markings of ascientific fairy tale, and I remain stupefied that such nonsense canpass for "science" in the twenty-first century. The origin of Kaposi's Sarcoma KS has a long history dating back to 1872 in Vienna, Austria, whendermatologist Moriz Kaposi described five patients with red-purpleskin tumors. Before the AIDS outbreak, KS was a very rare diseaseaffecting mainly elderly Jewish and Italian men. It was neverconsidered a contagious or sexually-transmitted disease. In the 1960s, it was discovered that KS was a common skin cancer tumorin blacks in Central Africa, but the disease was never associated withthe severe immunodeficiency characteristic of AIDS, nor was there anyevidence that KS in Africa was sexually transmissible. KS was rarely,if ever, seen in African-Americans. As a dermatologist for over 30years I never saw a KS case in a female; and KS in young men of anyrace or sexual persuasion was as rare as hen's teeth before the"introduction" of HIV. KS is a medical enigma. How did a previously rare disease like KS inAmerica become a transmissible disease primarily affecting gay men?How did this herpes KS virus escape detection during the first 15years of the AIDS epidemic? Why did the KS virus and HIV suddenlyappear together in young gay men in 1979? Further complicating this picture is the discovery of small bacterialforms known as "mycoplasma", and the even more recent discovery ofextremely tiny virus-like forms of bacteria called "nanobacteria", aswell as my published reports of "cancer bacteria" as importantetiologic agents in AIDS and KS. (For details, Google: "alan cantwell"+ cancer bacteria.) All these newer bacterial agents are generallyignored by AIDS researchers, who focus exclusively on viruses. I believe some of the answers to questions surrounding the origin ofHIV/AIDS can be found in the annual "Progress Reports" reports of theVirus Cancer Program and the Program's relationship to animal cancerresearch, genetic engineering of viruses, cancer vaccine research, andto covert biological warfare research. These hard-to-find annualReports were published by the National Institutes of Health, PublicHealth Service, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare,Bethesda, Maryland. The Virus Cancer Program (1968-1980) The Virus Cancer Program had it roots in 1964 when Congress providedfunds to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) for intensiveresearch into the possible role of viruses in leukemia. In 1968 theProgram, then titled the Special Virus-Cancer Program, was enlarged toencompass all types of cancer. On July 1, 1973 the Special VirusCancer Program was renamed The Virus-Cancer Program (VCP) "tointegrate the Program's research activities into the framework of thenew National Cancer Plan." The Program combined the talents of many of the nation's finestvirologists, biochemists, immunologists, molecular biologists,epidemiologists, and physicians, in an attempt to uncover the viralcause of cancer. Two classes of cancer-causing viruses were studiedextensively: the RNA-type tumor "retroviruses" (like HIV) and the DNAherpes-type viruses (like the KS virus). The main goals were to collect various forms of cancer tissue and testthem in animals; to identify animal and human cancer-causing viruses;to grow large amounts of "candidate human viruses" for testingpurposes; and to develop vaccines against these cancer viruses. Inessence, the scientists wanted to learn how to use viruses to makecancer - and to force "normal" cells to become cancerous by subjectingto viruses.I have studied the annual Virus Cancer Reports (VCP) covering theyears 1971-1974 and 1976-1978. Each report is 300-400 pages, and thecumulative volumes refer to thousands of animal cancer virus andgenetic engineering experiments. Biological warfare research, monkey research, and the VCP The annual VCP Reports must be studied with an awareness that theProgram became wedded to secret military biological warfare researchin the early 1970s. On October 18, 1971, as part of Richard Nixon's War on Cancer, thearmy's biowarfare research laboratory at Fort Detrick, Maryland, waspermanently joined with the National Cancer Institute; and wasre-titled . the Frederick Cancer Research Center. Litton Bionetics wasnamed as the military's prime contractor. The primary task of the new Center was "the large scale production ofoncogenic (cancer-causing) viruses and suspected oncogenic viruses tomeet research needs on a continuing basis." Special attention wasgiven to primate viruses (the alleged African source of HIV and thenew KS virus)- and to the successful propagation of significantamounts of "human candidate viruses." Candidate viruses were definedas animal or human viruses that might cause human cancers. Later, theobjective was to determine if such viruses could induce (either aloneor with other co-carcinogens) human cancers (1977;58). Biowarfarescientists also had a keen interest in the role of human and non-humanprimate viruses as "helper viruses" in the production of cancer (1978;54). A steady supply of research animals (monkeys, chimpanzees, mice, cats,etc. ) was necessary; and multiple breeding colonies were establishedfor the VCP. For example, a total of 2,274 primates from Africa andAsia were shipped to Litton for military use in 1971. Forcing cancer viruses into primates and other animals To induce primates and other research animals to acquire cancer,their immune system was deliberately suppressed by drugs, radiation, orcancer-causing chemicals or substances. The thymus gland and/or the spleenwere removed, and cancer tissue and cancer viruses were injected intonewborn animals or into the womb of pregnant animals. Some animalswere deliberately infected with malaria to keep them chronically sickand immunodepressed. The U.S. is the world's leading consumer of primates, and 55,000 areused yearly in medical research. Primates (especially newborn and babychimpanzees) are the most favored lab animals because they are mostsimilar biochemically and immunologically to human beings. Humansshare 98.4% of their DNA with chimpanzees. Chimps were extensivelyused by the VCP because there would be no official testing of cancerviruses on humans. Robert Gallo, the discoverer of HIV in 1984, was a project officer ofa primate study contracted by Litton Bionetics that pumped canceroushuman tissue, as well as a variety of primate and other viruses, intonewborn macaques (a small species of monkey used as an animal modelfor human cancer). The actual number and identity of all the primate viruses created andadapted to human tissue during the 14 years of the SVCP is not known.In addition, some primates were released back into the wild carryinglab viruses with them. This fact is always ignored by molecularbiologists searching for "viral ancestors" in the African bush, By the early 1970s, experimenters had transferred cancer-causingviruses into several species of monkeys. Herpesvirus saimiri, a monkeyvirus discovered in 1967 in the squirrel monkey, has a close geneticrelationship to the new KS herpes virus. H. saimiri virus is harmlessin the squirrel monkey, but when the virus was forced in the lab to"jump species" into different animal species, such as the owl monkey,marmosets and rabbits, it produces cancer in the form of fatalmalignant lymphoma. By 1971 Dharam V Ablashi of the NCI succeeded in transferring H.saimiri, into various cell lines of human origin. (1971;35).Cancer-causing cat and hamster viruses were also engineered intomacaques and other monkey species. By the early 1970s, it was recognized that forms of human leukemia andlymphoma were associated with herpes-type viruses. Herpes saimiri, aDNA-type virus, became the experimental model for the study of humanleukemia and lymphoma. "Thus far, the only DNA viruses associated withnatural cancer of animals and man are herpes viruses" (1973;15). Luis Melendez of Harvard studied additional primate herpes viruses (H.ateles, H. aotus, and H. saguinus) and determined their ability toinduce cancer (1973;247). Attempts were made "to find a suitablemethod for the large-scale production of high-titer Herpesvirussaimiri" (1973;264). Researchers knew: "The clinical and immunologicalpicture of human lymphoma and leukemia is closely approximated by themalignant disease induced in susceptible non-human primates by H.saimiri." (1973;265). By 1976 it was also learned that H.saimiri could spread by "contacttransmission" between squirrel and owl monkeys in the laboratory. A monkey virus injected into humans via polio vaccines in the 1950s There are inherent dangers in vaccine production. Many vaccines aremade on living cells; and accidental contamination with bacteria,mycoplasma, viruses, and newly-recognized "nanobacteria" are constantproblems during the manufacturing process. Laboratory additives (suchas fetal bovine [cow] serum) may also be a source of contamination.Half the flu vaccine supply for 2004 had to be destroyed due tocontamination with disease-causing bacteria. Some researchers believe that injecting living and killed viruses intothe body can result in these viruses combining with other virusesnormally present in the body, resulting in the formation of new viraldisease-causing "recombinants." The dangers of vaccines are downplayedto assure the public that vaccines are safe. The possibility that cancer-causing primate viruses could have been"introduced" into gays, via the experimental hepatitis B vaccine,cannot be dismissed as paranoid fantasy. In this regard, we are toldthat HIV is the first primate virus to "jump species" to produce anepidemic in millions of humans. But, in truth, the AIDS epidemic isthe second instance in which a monkey virus has been transferred tohumans. A cancer-causing monkey virus called "simian virus 40" (SV40) jumpedspecies a half century ago when virus-contaminated polio vaccines wereinjected into millions of people, including half the U.S. populationof that era. (For details, see: www.sv40cancer.com) Government healthofficials insist there is no proof that SV40 causes human cancer.However, independent research over the past decade indicates SV40 isclearly associated with rapidly-fatal cancers of the lung(mesothelioma), bone marrow cancer (multiple myeloma), brain tumors inchildren, and other forms of cancer. A Washington Times report (September 21, 2003) states, "Some of thepolio vaccine given to millions of American children from 1962 until2000 could have been contaminated with a monkey virus that shows up insome cancers, according to documents and testimony to be delivered toa House committee Wednesday." The SV40 story is detailed in therecently published, The Virus and the Vaccine: The True Story of aCancer-Causing Monkey Virus, Contaminated Polio Vaccine, and theMillions of Americans Exposed. The VCP and links to bio-warfare and secret human experimentation Every annual report of the VCP makes clear that human experimentationwith these newly created and genetically-engineered viruses would notbe undertaken. However, the 1972 Report (p 262) also states: "Sinceman will not be used as an experimental recipient, it is necessary togain proof of oncogenicity by other means." It is well-known in science that medical doctors will not totallyaccept laboratory findings in animals as absolute proof. Anexperimental finding in animals must also be proven in humans. Itcannot be assumed that covert human testing of suspectedcancer-causing viruses did not take place in the thousands ofexperiments conducted under the auspices of the VCP, particularly withits strong ties to covert biowarfare research. The U.S. military has along history of secret human experimentation. For proof, Google:secret human medical experimentation. Merck and Co, Inc. made most of the experimental hepatitis B vaccinethat was immediately followed by AIDS cases. Some of the experimentalvaccine was manufactured at the NIH. George Merck, who founded thedrug company, was the leading biowarfare advisor to PresidentRoosevelt during WW2. He was a central figure in creating the army'sbiowarfare laboratory at Ft. Detrick, Maryland, which later became anintegral part of the NCI. Merck's role in the VCP was "to conduct investigations designed todevelop vaccines or other agents effective for the prophylaxis andtherapy for human neoplasia (cancer) of suspected viral etiology"(1972;139). Great interest was taken in developing anti-herpes virusvaccines. Research involved a new type of herpes vaccine using"purified viral protein vaccines" and a "subunit vaccine" utilizingonly a piece of the herpes virus (1977;135). The Merck company declared: "Since live attenuated or killed virusvaccines for potentially oncogenic viruses would not be acceptable forhuman use due to the danger of transfer of functional geneticmaterial, this project was initiated to determine whether vaccines topurified viral antigens acceptable for use in humans were of practicalvalue." (1977;160) (This proposed "purified" herpes vaccine wassimilar in type to the experimental "purified" hepatitis B vaccineinjected into gays the following year.) It is my contention that the introduction of HIV and the KS virus intogay people, the most hated minority in America, was not an accident ofnature due to monkeys in the jungle.Would scientists deliberately infect gay men with AIDS to finallyprove that animal cancer viruses cause cancer? In the January 1987issue of MD magazine, an Oklahoma internist wrote: "Homosexuality is asin, deserving the death penalty." With that kind of mentality notrare in the medical and scientific world, the answer to the questionis, undoubtedly, yes. The VCP and biohazards The VCP was a biological disaster waiting to happen. What would happenif one or more of these dangerous cancer and immunosuppressive virusesescaped from the laboratory and produced a worldwide biologic holocaust? The 1978 report from the Office of Biohazard Safety of the VCP states:"The inadequate care and handling of animals during the past severalyears have created a potential for the occurrence of infection ofhumans with simian (primate) microorganisms and cross infectionbetween species. Such interspecies disease transmission may seriouslycompromise the integrity of the experiment as well as the health ofthe experimenter. Due to the magnitude of biomedical researchemploying tissue cultures. Frequent evaluation of tissue culturecross-contamination is very important." The yearly large-scale production of lethal cancer viruses By the late 1970s the mixing of animal cancer viruses with human cellsto produce new "xenotropic" viruses was commonplace. The human cellsin question were placenta ("afterbirth") cells from patients withimmune disease, and cells from leukemia (1978, p 192). Xenotropicviruses are viruses taken from one species and transplanted intoanother different species. All these experiments represent "speciesjumping" performed in a laboratory. By 1977 the Program was producing "approximately 60,000 liters (15,840gallons) of tissue culture-grown viruses, propagated in over 40different cell lines, and distributed in over 1250 shipments to over250 participating laboratories throughout the world." Also in 1977 Electro-Nucleonics Laboratories processed 8,044 liters(2,024 gallons) of virus-containing fluids harvested from severaltissue culture systems. About half this volume was concentratedxenotropic viruses. That same year Pfizer drug company produced 28,000liters(7,392 gallons) of virus harvest fluids. The vast majority includedprimate viruses, such as the Mason-Pfizer monkey virus, woolly monkeysarcoma virus and baboon endogenous virus. (This baboon viruscontaminated Gallo's lab at the NCI). Litton produced 37,438 liters(9,984 gallons) of retrovirus material consisting essentially of fouragents: mouse mammary tumor virus, Raucher murine (rat) leukemiavirus, Gross murine leukemia virus and baboon leukemia virus. The VCP made clear that: "Attempts are being made to chronicallyinfect cell cultures of human epithelial and fibroblast cells andsimilar cell cultures from non-human primates (marmosets) with simiansarcoma virus, gibbon ape leukemia virus and baboon endogenous virus"(1977;183). A few years later primates in the African bush would beblamed for starting AIDS and the KS epidemics. The VCP and the creation of an AIDS-like disease in chimps In 1969 the military biowarfare experts predicted that a biologicalagent would be developed within a decade that would have a devastatingeffect on the immune system and for which there would be no treatment.(For details of this congressional testimony, Google: Donald MMacArthur + biowarfare.) The VCP had a keen interest in acquiring "information and materialsfrom carefully selected patients suffering from immunodeficiencydiseases" (1972;318). This is made clear in a 1973 Progress Report(p249) from the University of Minnesota entitled, "The search fortumor virus related information in human immunodeficiency patientswith cancer" The researchers proposed "continuation of studies linkingimmunodeficency, cancer, and oncogenic viruses." As biowarfare expert MacArthur predicted, new cancer-causing monsterviruses (like HIV) were created by the VCP which had a deadly effecton the immune system. In one experiment recorded in the 1973 Report(p169), later published in Cancer Research in 1974, newborn chimpswere taken away from their mothers at birth and weaned on milk fromcancer virus-infected cows. Some of the chimps sickened and died withtwo diseases that had never been observed in chimpanzees. The firstwas Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (later known as the "gay pneumonia"of AIDS); the second was leukemia, a cancer of the blood. Cancer-Causing viruses and "helper" viruses As the 1970s began it was clear that some cancer-causing viruses couldnot produce cancer unless a "helper" virus was present. Certainchicken, cat and mouse sarcoma viruses were found to be "defective"and unable to induce cancerous changes. However, when a "helper"leukemia virus was added to the mix, the sarcoma virus was able toinduce cancer. Mixing of a mouse sarcoma virus with a cat leukemia virus produced a"hybrid virus" which could grow continuously in cat cells. Such a"hybrid virus" was adapted to human embryonic (fetal) cells (1971,p22). Thus, it is obvious that "species jumping" experiments werecommonplace during the years of the VCP. By the late 1970s it was known that "type C RNA viruses" (theretroviruses connected with sarcomas and lymphomas and leukemias)existed normally in cells as "endogenous viruses" within the cellulargenomes of many mammalian species. By 1977, the year the experimentalhepatitis B vaccine was being made, scientists in the VCP aimed "todetermine the oncogenic potential of putative human viruses" and "tobegin viral vaccine (conventional or other) testing and immunizationprograms" (1977;32). The exact methods by which this was to beaccomplished was not stated. Primate virus contamination of human cells The possibility that animal cancer viruses could cause contaminationof viral laboratories and viral research was an accepted risk for theVCP. Primate virus contamination problems have plagued thelaboratories of the world's most famous AIDS researchers, much totheir embarrassment. A decade before Gallo discovered HIV, he reported a "new" and "human"and cancer-associated "HL-23 virus" that was eventually determined tobe not one but three contaminating primate viruses (gibbon-ape virus,simian sarcoma virus, and baboon endogenous virus). The baboon virus was discovered in the early 1970s at the SouthwestFoundation for Research and Education in San Antonio, Texas, whichhosted a chimpanzee breeding colony and produced simian viruses forresearch. The baboon virus somehow made its way into the blood cellsof a Texas women with leukemia. When the infected cells reachedGallo's lab they were apparently joined with an additional monkeyvirus and an ape virus. How these three viruses contaminated Gallo'slab is unknown. However, George Todaro, an equally famous virologist,was quoted as saying, "You can get three viruses into a viruspreparation easily just by being sloppy, and Gallo had plenty ofsloppy people." (See John Crewdson's Science Fictions: A ScientificMystery, A Massive Cover-Up, and the Dark Legacy of Robert Gallo, p20). As late as 1986 Max Essex of Harvard "discovered" a new human AIDSretrovirus that he found in the blood of healthy Africans. Eventuallythis virus also proved to be a monkey virus that originated in anearby primate colony. Somehow the animal virus had worked its wayinto Essex's lab and blood samples. Interestingly, both Gallo and Essex, the two foremost American AIDSresearchers, were the leading proponents of the African green monkeytheory of AIDS. Now the more widely accepted theory, proposed byBeatrice Hahn (who worked in Gallo's lab when he proposed the greenmonkey theory), claims the virus traces back to chimpanzees in theAfrican wild. Hahn has never commented on the primate contaminationproblems in Gallo's lab. Could the primate "ancestors" of the RNA-type HIV retrovirus and theDNA-type herpes saimiri-like KS herpes virus have accidentally -ordeliberately-worked their way into the experimental hepatitis Bvaccine? The extremely high incidence of both these "new" viruses inthe gay men who volunteered for the hepatitis experiments certainlyprovide enough additional circumstantial evidence to make the man-madetheory of AIDS as plausible as the monkey out of Africa theory. The gay hepatitis B experiments (1978-1981) The experimental hepatitis B vaccine injected into gays was unlike anyother vaccine previously made. It was developed in chimpanzees andmanufactured in a year-long process of sterilization and purificationof the pooled blood of 30 gay men who were hepatitis B virus carriers.During the first gay experiment (November 1978-October 1979) at theNew York Blood Center, there was great concern that the vaccine mightbe contaminated. According to June Goodfield's Quest for the Killers,p 86, "This was no theoretical fear, contamination having beensuspected in one batch made by the National Institutes of Health,though never in Merck's." The men were given three inoculations of thevaccine over a period of time. The vaccine was successful with 96% ofthe men developing protective antibodies against the hepatitis B virus. It has been assumed by some that these men were immunosuppressed dueto their promiscuity and history of venereal disease. Although theyoung men in the study were indeed "promiscuous" (this was arequirement for entrance into the study), they were in excellenthealth. Despite many previous sexual partners, these volunteers hadnever contracted evidence of hepatitis B infection. Furthermore,immunosuppressed people often do not respond to the vaccine. The men in the Manhattan experiment had the highest rate of HIV everrecorded for that time period (over 20% of the men were HIV-positivein 1981, and over 40% in 1984). Therefore, it must be assumed thatmany, if not most, of these men eventually died of AIDS. The actualnumber of AIDS deaths among the men in the experiment has never beenrevealed, nor have their medical records been studied. Attempts tosecure this information have been rebuffed due to the "confidential"nature of the experiment. The end of the VCP and the birth of AIDS By 1980 the VCP came to an inglorious end with the inability to provethat viruses were involved in human cancer. More than any otherprogram it built up the field of animal retrovirology, which led to amore complete understanding of how cancer and immunosuppressiveretroviruses caused disease in humans. The VCP was the birthplace ofgenetic engineering, molecular biology, and the human genome project.I am convinced the VCP (and not Africa) is the birthplace of HIV/AIDSas well. As the VCP was winding down in the late 1970s, the gay experimentsbegan in New York City, and continued in other cities, such as SanFrancisco and Los Angeles. These cities would rapidly become the threeprimary epicenters of the new and unprecedented "gay-related immunedeficiency syndrome," later known as AIDS. The introduction of HIV and the KS herpes virus into gay men (alongwith some "novel" and now-patented mycoplasmas discovered at the ArmedForces Institute of Pathology) miraculously revived the career ofRobert Gallo and made him the most famous virologist in the world.And, of course, turned the "failure" of the VCP into a triumph. When Gallo's blood test for HIV became available in the mid-1980s, theNew York Blood Center's stored gay blood specimens were reexamined.Most astonishing is the fact that 20% of the gay men who volunteeredfor the hepatitis B experiment in Manhattan were discovered to beHIV-positive in 1980 (one year before the AIDS epidemic became"official" in 1981). This signifies that Manhattan gays in 1980 hadthe highest incidence of HIV anywhere in the world, including Africa,the supposed birthplace of HIV and AIDS. In addition, in 1982, in anAIDS trial in New York City one out of five gay men (20%) testedpositive for the new KS herpes-8 virus when stored blood samples werere-examined by epidemiologists at the NCI in 1999. Rarely mentioned by AIDS historians is the fact that the New YorkBlood Center established a chimp virus laboratory for viral vaccineresearch in West Africa in 1974. One of the purposes of VILAB II, inRobertsfield, Liberia, was to develop the hepatitis B vaccine inchimps. The lab also prides itself by releasing "rehabilitated" (butvirus-infected) chimps back into the wild. Also conveniently forgotten in the history of AIDS is LEMSIP (TheLaboratory for Experimental Medicine and Surgery), the primate colonylocated outside New York City. For many years, until disbanded in1997, LEMSIP supplied scientists with primates and primate parts (andunknown primate viruses) for transplantation and virus research.Primate parts (and primate viruses) were experimentally transplantedin human beings as early as the 1960s. LEMSIP was also affiliated with New York University Medical Center,where the first cases of AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma werediscovered in 1979. Researchers at NYU were also heavily involved inthe development of the experimental hepatitis B vaccine used in gays.According to Leonard Horowitz, author of Emerging Viruses: AIDS andEbola, NYU Medical Center received government grants and contractsconnected with biological warfare research beginning in 1969. The evidence gathered here is a tiny fraction of the circumstantialevidence supporting the man-made theory of AIDS. Scientists have along and proven history of covertly experimenting on people "in thename of science." Anyone who takes the time to study the reports ofthe VCP will recognize that human experimentation with cancer viruseswas undoubtedly considered and ultimately desired. Is the fact thatHIV/AIDS appeared within a decade of this dangerous cancer virusexperimentation a coincidence? Should AIDS be blamed on humansexuality, gays, blacks, and monkeys? I think not. There is nothing wrong or unpatriotic or "conspiratorial" inpresenting the vast amount of evidence that connects out-of-controlanimal cancer experimentation and biowarfare research with the birthof AIDS. What is wrong, however, is the unwillingness of thescientific establishment and the media and the public to look at it._____ Dr. Cantwell is a retired dermatologist and has written two books onthe man-made origin of AIDS; and two books on the infectious origin ofcancer, all published by Aries Rising Press, PO Box 29532, LosAngeles, CA 90029 (www.ariesrisingpress.com). Email:alancantwell. Many of his writings can be found onwww.google.com by typing in "alan cantwell" + articles. His latestbook is Four Women Against Cancer: Bacteria, Cancer and the Origin ofLife. His books are also available on www.amazon.com and also throughBook Clearing House @ 1-800-431-1579 Alan Cantwell M.D.alancantwellhttp://www.ariesrisingpress.comFOUR WOMEN AGAINST CANCER