Guest guest Posted April 15, 2005 Report Share Posted April 15, 2005 http://www.lightpathsupport.com/Healthy-Stuff/Phosphorus.php Phosphorus Phosphorus is a non-metallic chemical element that is essential to all living organisms, but in greater quantities than what is required it is dangerous. The element is not found naturally on Earth but is always combined with other elements, especially oxygen, as compounds. The element can be created and it can hold three different solid forms called allotropes. They are white, red and black phosphorus. The white phosphorus is extremely poisonous and will spontaneously combust if exposed to oxygen. That is why it normally stored under water. It is a soft, waxy whitish yellow solid, consisting of four phosphorus atoms joined together as a molecule. To site examples of its potential danger I quote from Percy Weston's book: 'Cancer: Cause & Cure.' My introduction to the science of chemistry began dramatically in 1921 in the first week of term. It happened in the chemistry lab where a senior boy was carrying out experiments to test the properties of phosphorus pentoxide. The laboratory had a special ventilated glass cabinet, or fume cupboard, to isolate such experiments involving poisonous gases, and he was following correct procedure in suing it. I saw him ignite a pea-sized piece of phosphorus in oxygen inside the cabinet. He then went to seal it off by closing the vertical sliding door, and it jammed. As he fumbled to close the door, gas billowed from the cabinet. He must have inhaled plenty. In 10 seconds he had collapsed on the floor. Other students grabbed his arms and dragged and carried him outside. The chemistry master put the lab off-limits until the gas dispersed. We were told the boy was close to death. Fortunately, he recovered. An incident similar to the one at my college was reported in the Border Morning Mail as happening a few years ago (ie. around 1999) at Wodonga High School. Again it occurred in the lab, only this time the exposure came about as the result of a practical joke. A student used food tongs to take white phosphorus out of its covering of water and allowed it to flame as he walked round the room. Within minutes most students were struggling on the floor, and 17 were admitted to hospital. Some were still recovering three days later. Weston, Percy George Cancer: Cause & Cure. A 20th Century Perspective. Book Bin Publishing Pty Ltd, Adelaide, South Australia, 2003 page 13 Red phosphorus is stable by comparison and is made up of long chains of phosphorus atoms. This is the stuff at the end of matches, far safer than the early versions which did use white phosphorus. A third allotrope is called black phosphorus and can be made under high pressure. White phosphorus was once used in pesticides but this has been stopped because it is so poisonous. To explain some of the pesticide uses of the past I will quote from Percy Western again. The rabbit bait was made by dissolving a stick of phosphorus in a gallon of boiling water and adding bran, pollard (a wheat bran) and brown sugar to make a stiff dough which was put into a container... 'Inevitable I got a whiff of the phosphorus in the bait, but I soon got the knack of keeping upwind of it. The fumes, as with the wax matches, caused nausea and headache that could last for hours... 'When they (the rabbits) had eaten two of three baits, they would stagger about and disappear into cover along the creek. Most of the females made for their burrows, but we noticed three bucks retire to squats in clumps of long grass. After a few minutes we approached to see if they were dead. The first looked ready to bolt, but as we moved closer and closer he made no move, and at last we could pick him up. The others too were in their squats, alive and looking as if ready to bolt, but made little or no attempt to run. Their bodies were limp. They were paralysed. Weston, Percy George Cancer: Cause & Cure. A 20th Century Perspective. Book Bin Publishing Pty Ltd, Adelaide, South Australia, 2003 pages 3 & 4 Acknowledging its dangers, phosphorus is still essential to life. By the late 18th century, scientists discovered that animal bones contained phosphorus and that plants relied on it to grow properly. From these beginnings, the fertilizer industry developed. Phosphorus was separated from bone using sulphuric acid and carbon. Guano, the accumulated droppings of birds or bats, is rich in phosphorus. Deposits of guano had collected from the Island of Nauru for Australian agricultural and used as a fertilizer. Millions of tons of phosphate-containing rocks are mined each year in different parts of the world. Over 90% of the total yield is converted to phosphorus compounds, which are used to make fertilizers or for other applications of a dangerous nature. Phosphorus as the deadly nerve gas has been used by the military. Closely connected to this are many insecticides used in farming. Both belong to a group called organophosphates. They are designed to disrupt the signals sent between nerve cells. There is a real concern that exposure of these insecticides in our foods will compromise our health. The following are some of the more well known phosphorus compounds: * Phosphorus try-chloride (PCl3) an intermediate in the manufacture of organophosphorus compounds. Phosphorus penta-chloride (PCl5) and phosphorus oxycloride (POCl3). * Phosphorus pent-oxide (P2O5) is produced when phosphorus is allowed to combust in air. This compound is used to make phosphoric acid by reacting it with water. * Phosphorus tri-oxide (PO3) is produced in a limited air supply. * Phosphine (PH3) is a highly poisonous gas sometimes used as an insecticide. * Phosphorus penta-sulphide (P2S5) is a building block chemical. * Phosphoric acid (H3PO4) and the salts formed from these acids. * Pure phosphoric acid is used mainly in the fertiliser industry. It is also used in the food and beverage industries to give the drink an acid tang. The pure food-grade phosphoric acid is used to flavour certain cola drinks we all know about. * Sodium dihydrogenphosphate (NaH2PO4), disodium hydrogenphosphate (Na2HPO4), trisodium phosphate (Na3PO4), or a mixture of these salts are soluble in water, and have many uses, particularly as additives for detergents. * Tricalcium phosphate (Ca3[PO4]2), also called calcium phosphate, is found in phosphate-containing rocks. To make man-made fertilizers such as superphosphate, calcium phosphate is converted to the more soluble monocalcium phosphate (Ca[H2PO4]2). Calcium phosphates also have uses such as raising agents in the baking industry, such as Baking Powder, and supplements of animal feed. * Monocalcium phosphate (CaPO4) is normal superphosphate. It is not pure because it is mixed with gypsum (hydrated calcium sulphate, CaSO4. 2[H2O]. Sulphuric acid dissolved the phosphorus-containing compounds is make this. * Triple superphosphate is more pure and more powerful as a fertiliser. * Ammonium phosphates provide crops with nitrogen as well as phosphorus and has been the most popular fertiliser, but just recently sale has been restricted in Australia because of its potential as a terrorist bomb making chemical. * Phosphogypsum is a common waste product of the phosphate industries. It contains impurities including radioactive substances and is a problem to properly dispose of. Superphosphate quickly becomes bound to particles of soil to effectively 'leach' the soil of nutrients. As a result, more superphosphate is needed by the farmer and the soil can overload with the stuff. The runoff cause by excessive rain takes dangerous amounts of phosphorus into the rivers and lakes causing environmental issues with excessive growth of algae that results in the death of fish. Phosphates are often the mineral in shortest supply in most habitats and so normally act as a limit on algal growth. The biggest cause of phosphate build-up in our waterways are runoff from agricultural land and human sewage. Phosphates in detergents are a smaller but significant factor. Phosphate mining operations have huge environmental impacts. Strip mining (the surface of the ground) completely destroys fragile ecosystems. And there is all that waste to deal with. These 'slime ponds' can be radio active and contaminate the environment for years. Sometimes these containments leak into the rivers. A natural amount of phosphorus in the body is essential. Our cells go through thousands of chemical reactions and the phosphate iron (-PO4) is part of that metabolism, forming stable molecular bonds which can be created or broken easily by enzymes. The long-chained phospholipids are an important part of cell membranes. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), the molecules that encode our genes, contain phosphate groups. The sugar and phosphate molecular groups form the " backbone " of that molecule. Phosphate helps to control acidity in blood and 85% of all phosphate in the body is combined with calcium as bone matter. Yet phosphate levels in the body must be carefully controlled. Because we have an overabundance of phosphorus in our diets, deficiency is rare. The problem is the work our bodies go through each day to make sure the phosphorus level is controlled. Too much phosphorus will paralyse body function and cause death. So our bodies will donate nutrients from itself to combine with this excess phosphorus in order to neutralise the stuff and send it off for excretion. Is it no wonder that our human waste is so high in the element. This continual donating of nutrients will compromise the body's health in the long term. This constant stress on the body will finally manifest itself in the form of a chronic disease. A way to prolong natural body health is therefore to better manage the consumption of phosphorus in the diet by eating produce grown in as natural environment as possible. The organic food industry is not only useful as a supplier of food that is free of dangerous chemical pesticides, but is also a supplier of food that has a normal amount of phosphorus. People with cancer are advised to switch to organic food and take care to eat the variety of organic food that is lower in phosphorus. For too long has our modern living caused us to cope with excess phosphorus because of superphosphate excesses in farming. Give your body a break. If you need a bit more of a jolt to give these thoughts more credibility, then read the following excerpt, again from Percy Western's book: In 1955 a smaller test was speeded up by top-dressing a small area (with superphosphate) as spring growth started and stocking it with a score of cast-for-age ewes (old sheep). It took only six weeks till cancer lesions began to grow. When it was obvious beyond all doubt, these sheep were switched to a paddock of poor natural grasses and given a supply of lick to two parts of salt. It took much longer to check the growth on ears than it took them to grow, for there was always a little phosphorus coming up in the feed to keep the cancer alive. The most satisfying feature of this test was that, when removed by either the knife or searing, there was seldom any more growth of the cancer. This quick result brought a great feeling of satisfaction. Weston, Percy George Cancer: Cause & Cure. A 20th Century Perspective. Book Bin Publishing Pty Ltd, Adelaide, South Australia, 2003 pages 62 & 63 This fascinating book describes Percy's ability at turning cancer on and off in his sheep. Because it is not a requirement for any farmers in Australia to provide stats for how their sheep die we are not to know just how great is the incidents of cancer in the flock. As it is, many sheep are slaughtered before diseases like that develop. Sheep aren't given retirement homes that elderly people are provided with to pass out their days. I (Peter) feel that I am like a cracked record on this subject of phosphorus in our diet. Percy Western certainly felt that way when he tried to share about his discoveries. I might add here that he has only recently died having experienced 101 active years in country Victoria, and that alone puts him leagues ahead of the cancer specialists' average life expectancy. There is only a small amount of literature concerning this phosphorus excess in our diets, and I wonder if I should feel about it the way that I do. But I have weighed up the evidence and remain convinced that, along with hydrogenated cooking oils, this otherwise essential element is lethal in excess, especially over the long term. Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
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