Depleted Uranium: The Trojan Horse of Nuclear War

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Depleted Uranium: The Trojan Horse of Nuclear War

 

 

http://bellaciao.org/en/article.php3?id_article=3123

 

 

 

Tuesday 31st August 2004 :

Depleted Uranium: The Trojan Horse of Nuclear War

 

The use of depleted uranium weaponry by the United States, defying

all international treaties, will slowly annihilate all species on

earth including the human species, and yet this country continues to

do so with full knowledge of its destructive potential.

 

by LEUREN MORET

 

Since 1991, the United States has staged four wars using depleted

uranium weaponry, illegal under all international treaties,

conventions and agreements, as well as under the US military law.

The continued use of this illegal radioactive weaponry, which has

already contaminated vast regions with low level radiation and will

contaminate other parts of the world over time, is indeed a world

affair and an international issue. The deeper purpose is revealed by

comparing regions now contaminated with depleted uranium - from

Egypt, the Middle East, Central Asia and the northern half of India -

to the US geostrategic imperatives described in Zbigniew

Brzezinski's 1997 book The Grand Chessboard.

 

The fact is that the United States and its military partners have

staged four nuclear wars, " slipping nukes under the wire " by using

dirty bombs and dirty weapons in countries the US needs to control.

Depleted uranium aerosols will permanently contaminate vast regions

and slowly destroy the genetic future of populations living in those

regions, where there are resources which the US must control, in

order to establish and maintain American primacy.

 

Described as the Trojan Horse of nuclear war, depleted uranium is

the weapon that keeps killing. The half-life of Uranium-238 is 4.5

billion years, the age of the earth. And, as Uranium-238 decays into

daughter radioactive products, in four steps before turning into

lead, it continues to release more radiation at each step. There is

no way to turn it off, and there is no way to clean it up. It meets

the US Government's own definition of Weapons of Mass Destruction.

 

After forming microscopic and submicroscopic insoluble Uranium oxide

particles on the battlefield, they remain suspended in air and

travel around the earth as a radioactive component of atmospheric

dust, contaminating the environment, indiscriminately killing,

maiming and causing disease in all living things where rain, snow

and moisture remove it from the atmosphere. Global radioactive

contamination from atmospheric testing was the equivalent of 40,000

Hiroshima bombs, and still contaminates the atmosphere and lower

orbital space today. The amount of low level radioactive pollution

from depleted uranium released since 1991, is many times more

(deposited internally in the body), than was released from

atmospheric testing fallout.

 

A 2003 independent report for the European Parliament by the

European Committee on Radiation Risk (ECRR), reports that based on

Chernobyl studies, low level radiation risk is 100 to 1000 times

greater than the International Committee for Radiation Protection

models estimate which are based on the flawed Atomic and Hydrogen

Bomb Studies conducted by the US Government.

 

Referring to the

extreme killing effects of radiation on biological systems, Dr.

Rosalie Bertell, one of the 46 international radiation expert

authors of the ECRR report, describes it as:

" The concept of species annihilation means a relatively swift,

deliberately induced end to history, culture, science, biological

reproduction and memory. It is the ultimate human rejection of the

gift of life, an act which requires a new word to describe it:

omnicide. "

 

1943 MANHATTAN PROJECT BLUEPRINT FOR DEPLETED URANIUM

In a declassified memo to General Leslie R. Groves, dated October

30, 1943, three of the top physicists in the Manhattan Project, Dr

James B Conant, A H Compton, and H C Urey, made their

recommendation, as members of the Subcommittee of the S-1 Executive

Committee, on the `Use of Radioactive Materials as a Military

Weapon':

" As a gas warfare instrument the material would be ground into

particles of microscopic size to form dust and smoke and distributed

by a ground-fired projectile, land vehicles, or aerial bombs. In

this form it would be inhaled by personnel. The amount necessary to

cause death to a person inhaling the material is extremely small ...

There are no known methods of treatment for such a casualty ... it

will permeate a standard gas mask filter in quantities large enough

to be extremely damaging. "

 

As a Terrain Contaminant:

" To be used in this manner, the radioactive materials would be

spread on the ground either from the air or from the ground if in

enemy controlled territory. In order to deny terrain to either side

except at the expense of exposing personnel to harmful

radiations ... Areas so contaminated by radioactive material would

be dangerous until the slow natural decay of the material took

place ... for average terrain no decontaminating methods are known.

No effective protective clothing for personnel seems possible of

development. ... Reservoirs or wells would be contaminated or food

poisoned with an effect similar to that resulting from inhalation of

dust or smoke. "

 

Internal Exposure:

" ... Particles smaller than 1µ [micron] are more likely to be

deposited in the alveoli where they will either remain indefinitely

or be absorbed into the lymphatics or blood. ... could get into the

gastro-intestinal tract from polluted water, or food, or air. ...

may be absorbed from the lungs or G-I tract into the blood and so

distributed throughout the body. "

Both the fission products and depleted uranium waste from the Atomic

Bomb Project were to be utilised under this plan. The pyrophoric

nature of depleted uranium, which causes it to begin to burn at very

low temperatures from friction in the gun barrel, made it an ideal

radioactive gas weapon then and now. Also it was more available

because the amount of depleted uranium produced was much greater

than the amount of fission products produced in 1943.

 

Britain had thoughts of using poisoned gas on Iraq long before 1991:

" I am strongly in favour of using poisoned gas against uncivilized

tribes. The moral effect should be good... and it would spread a

lively terror... " (Winston Churchill commenting on the British use

of poison gas against the Iraqis after the First World War).

 

GUIDED WEAPONS SYSTEMS

Depleted uranium weapons were first given by the US to Israel for

use under US supervision in the 1973 Sinai war against the Arabs.

Since then the US has tested, manufactured, and sold depleted

uranium weapons systems to 29 countries. An international taboo

prevented their use until 1991, when the US broke the taboo and used

them for the first time, on the battlefields of Iraq and Kuwait.

 

The US military admitted using depleted uranium projectiles in tanks

and planes, but warheads in missiles and bombs are classified or

referred to as a `dense' or `mystery metal'. Dai Williams, a

researcher at the 2003 World Depleted Uranium Weapons Conference,

reported finding 11 US patents for guided weapons systems with the

term `depleted uranium' or `dense metal', which from the density can

only be depleted uranium or tungsten, in order to fit the dimensions

of the warhead.

 

Extensive carpet bombing, grid bombing, and the frequent use of

missiles and depleted uranium bullets on buildings in densely

populated areas has occurred in Iraq, Yugoslavia, and Afghanistan.

The discovery that bomb craters in Yugoslavia in 1999 were

radioactive, and that an unexploded missile in 1999 contained a

depleted uranium warhead, implies that the total amount of depleted

uranium used since 1991 has been greatly underestimated. Of even

greater concern, is that 100 per cent of the depleted uranium in

bombs and missiles is aerosolized upon impact and immediately

released into the atmosphere. This amount can be as much as 1.5 tons

in the large bombs. In bullets and cannon shells, the amount

aerosolized is 40-70 per cent, leaving pieces and unexploded shells

in the environment, to provide new sources of radioactive dust and

contamination of the groundwater from dissolved depleted uranium

metal long after the battles are over, as reported in a 2003 report

by the UN Environmental Program on Yugoslavia. Considering that the

US has admitted using 34 tons of depleted uranium from bullets and

cannon shells in Yugoslavia, and the fact that 35,000 NATO bombing

missions occurred there in 1999, potentially the amount of depleted

uranium contaminating Yugoslavia and transboundary drift into

surrounding countries is staggering.

 

Because of mysterious illnesses and post-war birth defects reported

among Gulf War veterans and civilians in southern Iraq, and

radiation related illnesses in UN Peacekeepers serving in

Yugoslavia, growing concerns about radiation effects and

environmental damage has stirred up international outrage about the

use of radioactive weapons by the US after 1991. At the 2003 meeting

of parties to the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty, discussing the

 

U.S. desire to maintain its nuclear weapons stockpile, the Hiroshima

Mayor Tadatoshi AKIBA stated,

" It is incumbent upon the rest of the world ... to stand up now and

tell all of our military leaders that we refuse to be threatened or

protected by nuclear weapons. We refuse to live in a world of

continually recycled fear and hatred " .

 

ILLEGAL UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW

Four reasons why using depleted uranium weapons violates the UN

Convention on Human Rights:

 

LEGALITY TEST FOR WEAPONS UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW

 

TEMPORAL TEST - Weapons must not continue to act after the battle is

over.

 

ENVIRONMENTAL TEST - Weapons must not be unduly harmful to the

environment.

 

TERRITORIAL TEST - Weapons must not act off of the battlefield.

 

HUMANENESS TEST - Weapons must not kill or wound inhumanly.

International Human Rights and humanitarian lawyer, Karen Parker,

determined that depleted uranium weaponry fails the four tests for

legal weapons under international law, and that it is also illegal

under the definition of a `poison' weapon. Through Karen Parker's

continued efforts, a sub-commission of the UN Human Rights

Commission determined in 1996 that depleted uranium is a weapon of

mass destruction that should not be used:

 

RESOLUTION 1996/16 ON STOPPING THE USE OF DEPLETED URANIUM - DU

The military use of DU violates current international humanitarian

law, including the principle that there is no unlimited right to

choose the means and methods of warfare (Art. 22 Hague Convention VI

(HCIV); Art. 35 of the Additional Protocol to the Geneva (GP1); the

ban on causing unnecessary suffering and superfluous injury (Art. 23

§le HCIV; Art. 35 §2 GP1), indiscriminate warfare (Art. 51 §4c and

5b GP1) as well as the use of poison or poisoned weapons.

 

The deployment and use of DU violate the principles of international

environmental and human rights protection. They contradict the right

to life established by the Resolution 1996/16 of the UN Subcommittee

on Human Rights.

 

FOUR NUCLEAR WARS

Although restricted to battlefields in Iraq and Kuwait, the 1991

Gulf War was one of the most toxic and environmentally devastating

wars in world history. Oil well fires, the bombing of oil tankers

and oil wells which released millions of gallons of oil into the

Gulf of Arabia and desert, and the devastation from tanks and heavy

equipment destroyed the desert ecosystem. The long term and far

reaching effects, and dispersal of at least 340 tons of depleted

uranium weapons, had a global environmental effect. Smoke from the

oil fires was later found in deposits in South America, the

Himalayas and Hawaii. Large annual dust storms originating in North

Africa, the Middle East, and Central Asia will quickly spread the

radioactive contamination around the world, and weathering of old

depleted uranium munitions on battlefields and other areas will

provide new sources of radioactive contamination in future years.

 

Downwind from the radioactive devastation in Iraq, Israel is also

suffering from large increases in breast cancer, leukemia and

childhood diabetes.

 

RADIATION RESPECTS NO BORDERS, NO SOCIOECONOMIC CLASS, AND NO

 

RELIGION

The expendability of the sanctity of life to achieve US political

ends was described by US soldiers on the ground, and from the air,

along the Highway of Death in Iraq in 1991:

" Iraqi soldiers [whether they] be young boys or old men. They were a

sad sight, with absolutely no fight left in them. Their leaders had

cut their Achilles' tendons so they couldn't run away and then left

them. What weapons they had were in bad repair and little ammunition

was on hand. They were hungry, cold, and scared. The hate I had for

any Iraqi dissipated. These people had no business being on a

battlefield. " (S Hersh, New Yorker, May 22, 2000)

American pilots bombing and strafing, with depleted uranium weapons,

helpless retreating Iraqi soldiers who had already surrendered,

exclaimed:

" We toasted him.... we hit the jackpot....a turkey shoot....shooting

fish in a barrel....basically just sitting ducks... There's just

nothing like it. It's the biggest Fourth of July show you've ever

seen, and to see those tanks just `boom', and more stuff just keeps

spewing out of them... they just become white hot. It's wonderful. "

(L A Times and Washington Post, both February 27, 1991)

 

Nearly 700,000 American Gulf War Veterans returned to the US from a

war that lasted just a few weeks. Today more than 240,000 of those

soldiers are on permanent medical disability, and over 11,000 are

dead. In a US Government study on post-Gulf War babies born to 251

veterans, 67 per cent of the babies were reported to have serious

illnesses or serious birth defects. They were born without eyes,

ears, had missing organs, fused fingers, thyroid or other

malfunctions. Depleted uranium in the semen of the soldiers

internally contaminated their wives. Severe birth defects have been

reported in babies born to contaminated civilians in Iraq,

Yugoslavia, and Afghanistan and the incidence and severity of

defects is increasing over time. Women in Yugoslavia, Afghanistan

and Iraq are afraid now to have babies, and when they do give birth,

instead of asking if it is a girl or a boy, they ask `is it normal?'.

 

KNOWN ILLNESSES INFLICTED BY INTERNALIZATION OF DEPLETED URANIUM

 

PARTICLES

Soldiers who served in Bradley fighting vehicles, where it was

common to sit on ammunition boxes where depleted uranium ammunition

was stored, are now reporting that many have rectal cancer.

 

For the first time, medical doctors in Yugoslavia and Iraq have

reported multiple in situ unrelated cancers developing in patients,

and even in families who are living in highly contaminated areas.

 

Even stranger, they report that cancer was unknown in previous

generations. Very rare and unusual cancers and birth defects have

also been reported to be increasing above normal levels prior to

1991, not only in war torn countries, but in neighbouring countries

from transboundary contamination.

 

Dr. Keith Baverstock, a senior radiation advisor who was on the

staff of the World Health Organization, co-authored a report in

November 2001, warning that the long-term health effects of depleted

uranium would endanger Iraq's civilian population, and that the dry

climate would increase exposure from the tiny particles blowing

around and be inhaled for years to come. The WHO refused to give him

permission to publish the study, bowing to pressure from the IAEA.

 

Dr. Baverstock released the damning report to the media in February

2004. Pekka Haavisto, Chairman of the UN Environment Program's Post-

Conflict Assessment Unit in Geneva, shares Baverstock's anxiety

about depleted uranium but UNEP experts have not been allowed into

Iraq to assess the pollution.

 

" DEPLETED URANIUM SCARE " - Claimed by President George W. Bush on

the official White House website:

 

" During the Gulf War, coalition forces used armor-piercing

ammunition made from depleted uranium, which is ideal for the

purpose because of its great density. In recent years, the Iraqi

regime has made substantial efforts to promote the false claim that

the depleted uranium rounds fired by coalition forces have caused

cancers and birth defects in Iraq. Iraq has distributed horrifying

pictures of children with birth defects and linked them to depleted

uranium. The campaign has two major propaganda assets: "

" Uranium is a name that has frightening associations in the mind of

the average person, which makes the lie relatively easy to sell; and

Iraq could take advantage of an established international network of

antinuclear activists who had already launched their own campaign

against depleted uranium. "

" But scientists working for the World Health Organization, the UN

Environmental Programme, and the European Union could find no health

effects linked to exposure to depleted uranium. "

 

The US war in Afghanistan made it clear that this was not a war IN

the third world, but a war AGAINST the third world. In Afghanistan

where 800 to 1000 tons of depleted uranium was estimated to have

been used in 2001, even uneducated Afghanis understand the impact

these weapons have had on their children and on future generations:

" After the Americans destroyed our village and killed many of us, we

also lost our houses and have nothing to eat. However, we would have

endured these miseries and even accepted them, if the Americans had

not sentenced us all to death. When I saw my deformed grandson, I

realized that my hopes of the future have vanished for good,

different from the hopelessness of the Russian barbarism, even

though at that time I lost my older son Shafiqullah. This time,

however, I know we are part of the invisible genocide brought on us

by America, a silent death from which I know we will not escape. "

(Jooma Khan of Laghman province, March 2003)

 

In 1990, the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority (UKAEA) wrote a

report warning about the potential health and environmental

catastrophe from the use of depleted uranium weapons. The health

effects had been known for a long time. The report sent to the UK

government warned " in their estimation, if 50 tonnes of residual DU

dust remained `in the region' there could be half a million extra

cancers by the end of the century [2000]. " Estimates of depleted

uranium weapons used in 1991, now range from the Pentagon's admitted

325 tons, to other scientific bodies who put the figure as high as

900 tons. That would make the number of estimated cancers as high as

9,000,000, depending on the amount used in the 1991 Gulf War. In the

2003 Gulf War, estimates of 2200 tons have been given - causing

about 22,000,000 new cancer cases. Altogether the total number of

cancer patients estimated using the UKAEA data would be 25,250,000.

 

In July of 1998, the CIA estimated the population of Iraq to be

approximately 24,683,313.

Ironically, the UN Resolution 661 calling for sanctions against

Iraq, was signed on Hiroshima Day, August 6, 1990.

 

THE PARALLELS

War can really cause no economic boom, at least not directly, since

an increase in wealth never does result from destruction of goods.

Ludwig von Mises

 

The parallels between Iraq, Yugoslavia and Afghanistan are

startlingly similar. The weapons used, the unfair treaties offered

by the US, and the bombing and destruction of the environment and

entire infrastructure. In every city of Iraq and Yugoslavia, the

television and radio stations were bombed.

Educational centres were targeted, and stores where educational

materials were sold were destroyed on nearly the same day. Under UN

sanctions, Iraq was not even allowed pencils for schoolchildren.

 

Cultural antiquities and historical treasures were targeted and

destroyed in all three countries, a kind of cultural and historical

cleansing, a collective national psychic trauma.

 

The permanent radioactive contamination and environmental

devastation of all three countries is unprecedented, resulting in

huge increases in cancer and birth defects following the attacks.

These will increase over time from unknown effects due to chronic

exposure, increasing internal levels of radiation from depleted

uranium dust, and permanent genetic effects passed on to future

generations. Clearly, this has been a genocidal plan from the start.

 

What has happened to Human Rights, to the Rights of the Child, to

civil society, and to common humanity?

It is up to the citizens of the world to stop the depleted uranium

wars, and future nuclear wars, causing irreversible devastation.

 

There are just a few generations left before the collapse of our

environment, and then it will be too late. We can be no healthier

than the health of the environment - we breathe the same air, drink

the same water, eat food from the same soil.

 

" Our collective gene pool of life, evolving for hundreds of millions

of years has been seriously damaged in less than the past fifty. The

time remaining to reverse this culture of `lemming death' is on the

wane. In the future, what will you tell our grandchildren about what

you did in the prime of your life to turn around this death

process? " (Rosalie Bertell, 1982)

 

THE DEEPER PURPOSE: G*O*D* [Gold, Oil, and Drugs]

" We must become the owners, or at any rate the controllers at the

source, of at least a proportion of the oil which we require. "

(British Royal Commission, agreeing with Winston Churchill's policy

towards Iraq 1913).

 

" It is clear our nation is reliant upon big foreign oil. More and

more of our imports come from overseas. " (US President George W.

Bush, Beaverton, Oregon, Sep. 25, 2000).

 

" If they turn on the radars we're going to blow up their goddamn

SAMs (surface-to-air missiles). They know we own their country. We

own their airspace... We dictate the way they live and talk. And

that's what's great about America right now. It's a good thing,

especially when there's a lot of oil out there we need. "

(US Brig. General William Looney in 1999, referring to Iraq).

 

Millions of years ago, before India crashed into the Eurasian

continent and uplifted the Himalayas, the ancient shallow Tethys sea

stretched from the Atlantic across what is now the Mediterranean,

Black, Caspian and Aral seas. Rich oil deposits are now located

where ancient life accumulated and `cooked' under just the right

conditions to form large oil deposits in the ancient sediments. Long

before 1991, Unocal in Afghanistan, Amoco in Yugoslavia, and various

oil companies interested in Iraq oil deposits, had conducted

extensive exploration and characterisation of oil deposits in the

Middle East and Central Asian regions, including the northern half

of India.

 

Britain has maintained an interest in Middle Eastern oil deposits

for a century, and has been the staunchest military partner of the

US since the first depleted uranium war in 1991 in Iraq. Germany,

another military partner in Yugoslavia with forces now in

Afghanistan, was one of the major economic beneficiaries of the

breakup of Yugoslavia and the colonisation of the Balkans. US

interest in Yugoslavia had much to do with building pipelines from

Central Asia to the Mediterranean warm water ports in Yugoslavia. A

silent and hidden partnership between the US and Japan provided

large amounts of cash from Japan to finance the 1991 Iraq and

1995/1999 Yugoslavian wars, with additional help in Afghanistan by

providing not only cash, but fuel for the war, from Aegis warships

of the Japanese Self Defense Forces in the Indian Ocean. Nippon

Steel, Mitsubishi, and Halliburton are now partners in a Central

Asian oil pipeline project. In 2004, despite much citizen opposition

in Japan, the Japanese government has sent Self Defense Forces to

Iraq for `reconstruction'. This action taken by the Japanese

government, of placing troops on the ground in a war zone, will lead

to rescinding Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution, which forever

prohibits military aggression by Japan.

 

THE IRON TRIANGLE (all under one roof): MILITARY, BIG BUSINESS,

POLITICS

The liberty of a democracy is not safe if the people tolerate the

growth of private power to a point where it becomes stronger than

their democratic State itself. That, in its essence, is Fascism --

ownership of government by an individual, by a group, or any

controlling private power.

Franklin Delano Roosevelt

 

But what do oil, military partners, depleted uranium wars, and US

foreign policy have to do with nuclear weapons? The answer came to

me in 1991 when I became a whistleblower at the Livermore Nuclear

Weapons Laboratory near San Francisco, California. Richard Berta,

the Western Regional Inspector for the Department of Energy, told

me " The Pentagon exists for the oil companies... and the nuclear

weapons labs exist for the Pentagon. "

 

Depleted uranium was used beginning in 1991 for three reasons: To

test the radiobiological effects of 4th generation nuclear weapons,

which are still under development To blur and break down the

distinction between conventional and nuclear weapons To make it

easier to reintroduce nuclear weapons into the US military arsenal

 

Today, the US is number one in 4th generation nuclear weapons

research and development, followed by Japan and Germany tied for

number two, and Russia and other countries follow.

 

The Carlyle Group, a private massive equity firm, the 12th largest

defense business with an obscenely high profit margin, is a

business " arrangement " between the Bush and Bin Laden families,

wealthy Saudis, former British Prime Minister John Major, James

Baker III, Afsaneh Masheyekhi, Frank Carlucci, Colin Powell, other

former US Government administrators, and Madeleine Albright's

daughter. The Carlyle Group is the `gatekeeper' to the Saudi

investment community. It owns 70 percent of Lockheed Martin

Marietta, the largest military contractor in the US, and because

Carlyle is privately owned, has no scrutiny or accountability

whatsoever. A journalist who calls himself `a skunk at the garden

party' described investigating the Carlyle Group, he said `it's like

shadow boxing with a ghost'. The Group hires as lobbyists the best

known politicians from around the world, in order to influence the

politics of war, and privately profit from their previous public

policies. The conflict of interest is obvious: President George W.

Bush is creating wars as his father, former President George Bush,

is globally peddling weapons and " protection " . Lockheed Martin

Marietta now owns Sandia Laboratories, a private contractor that

makes the trigger for nuclear weapons, with a Sandia laboratory

facility across the street from Los Alamos and Livermore National

Laboratories, where the nuclear bombs are made.

 

At the May 2003 University of California Regents meeting which I

attended, Admiral Linton Brooks was present and newly in charge of

the nuclear weapons programme under the Department of Energy.

Admiral Brooks informed California Lt. Governor Cruz Bustamante and

the UC Regents that the management contract for the nuclear weapons

laboratories, held unchallenged by the University of California for

over 60 years, will be put up for competitive bid in 2005. The

favoured institution, with a faculty member on the `blue ribbon

committee' making the contract award, is the University of Texas.

 

This privatisation and management contract transfer of the US

nuclear weapons programme will put control of the US nuclear weapons

programme close to the Carlyle Group. The incestuous relationship

between the US government, private companies, and the Bush and Bin

Laden families in a way answers many of the lingering questions in

everyone's minds about many of the ill fated decisions and policies

that have been implemented.

 

Leuren Moret has worked at two US nuclear weapons laboratories as a

geoscientist. In 1991 she became a whistleblower at the Livermore

nuclear weapons lab, and since then has worked as an independent

citizen scientist and radiation specialist in communities around the

world, and contributed to the UN subcommission investigating

depleted uranium. Her research on the environmental and public

health effects of low level radiation from atmospheric testing

fallout, nuclear power plants, and depleted uranium weaponry, is

available on the internet and at http://www.mindfully.org. In 2003,

she testified at the International Criminal Tribunal for Afghanistan

held in Japan, and presented at the World Depleted Uranium Weapons

Conference in Hamburg, Germany, and at the World Court of Women at

the World Social Forum in Bombay, India in January 2004. She is a

Contributing Editor to GLOBAL OUTLOOK, a City of Berkeley

Environmental Commissioner, and the Past President of the

Association for Women Geoscientists.

More info here:

http://www.mindfully.org/Nucs/2004/DU-Trojan-Horse1jul04.htm

 

by : LEUREN MORET

Tuesday 31st August 2004