Fluoride Inhibits Thyroid Function - Fluoride/Iodine Antagonism in ADHD

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Fluoride Inhibits Thyroid Function - Fluoride/Iodine Antagonism

JoAnn Guest

Feb 21, 2005 22:05 PST

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Fluoride Inhibits Thyroid Function -

Fluoride/Iodine Antagonism in ADHD

© 1997 - 2002 PFPC

see also: Antagonism

http://bruha.com/pfpc/html/thyroid_history.html

 

1854 - Maumene feeds sodium fluoride to a dog and causes a goitre to

appear [also spelled goiter]. He is the first to consider " fluorides " as

a cause of goiter.

 

1869 - First experiments with sodium fluoride, showing inhibitory

effects on " glycolysis " [a thyroid hormone - associated event] in

isolated muscle tissue, are published by Nasse.(see also: 1937 Litzka)

 

1918 - McKay, the dentist who discovered that fluoride causes mottled

teeth, writes in the " Dental Cosmos " that enamel conditions in children

with ‘mottled teeth’ - later to be renamed ‘dental fluorosis’ - are

identical to those reported by Prof. Greves in Holland as being due to

" thyroid dysfunction " (goiter).

 

1923 - Pighini causes goiters with " fluoride " in rats, dogs and chicken.

 

 

1926 - Goldemberg (Argentina) is the first to take medical advantage of

the much-observed iodine-fluoride antagonism. He investigates the areas

then commonly referred to as " goiterous waters "

 

('Kropfwaesser'), and reviews the work by others (Repin, Gautier,

Clausmann, McCarrison, Parhou and Goldstein, Pighini, Christiani,

Cahages, Houssay, Tappeiner, Schulz, Brandt and Pisotti).

 

His findings convince him that the world-wide occurrence of goiter and

cretinism is due to excessive fluoride intake from air, food and water.

 

 

1927 - Gorlitzer von Mundy (Austria) reports that daily intake of 3 mgs

of fluoride in rabbits and rats leads to goiter and cretinism-like

conditions.

 

1930 - Christiani publishes on the changes in " thyroid function " from

fluoride injections.

 

[Earlier, in 1925, Christiani and Gautier became the first to use the

term ‘fluorosis’. They called it " La Fluorose " and " Cachexie fluorique " ,

using these terms to describe " fluoride intoxication " (not yet described

as " dental fluorosis " ...), as induced by fluoride emissions from a Swiss

aluminum smelter. LINK]

 

1932 - Gorlitzer von Mundy (Austria) publishes findings on 1500

experiments using fluoride to inhibit thyroid function in mice and

metamorphosis in tadpoles.

 

 

1933 - Gorlitzer von Mundy (Austria) reports more on fluoride’s effect

on the thyroid.

 

1937 - Kraft (Knoll AG, Germany) investigates inorganic sodium fluoride

and organic fluoride compounds fluorobenzoic acid and fluorotyrosine and

reports that all fluoride compounds " inhibit " thyroid hormones.

 

1944 - The editorial in the Journal of the American Dental Association

(JADA) acknowledges that

" ...drinking water containing as little as 1.2 to 3ppm of fluorine will

cause such developmental disturbances...as goitre " .

 

1946 - The Atomic Energy Commission (Department of Pharmacology &

Toxicology - headed by Harold Carpenter Hodge, incomprehensibly at the

same time also head of the International Association for Dental Research

(IADR) - acknowledges the German findings that all fluoride compounds -

organic or inorganic -

 

inhibit thyroid hormone activity,

 

and declares this issue a research priority.

No further research into this issue is conducted, however.

 

1948 - Steyn (Africa) finds that fluoride has definite anti-thyroid

effects. He investigates the incidence of endemic goiter in the North

Western Cape Province in South Africa and reports that his findings

“closely agree with the ... 1944 JADA editorial”,

 

and that goiters are actually 'fluoride-induced'.

 

1949 - Euler et al. test various organic fluoride compounds and find

again that all organic fluoride compounds " inhibit " thyroid hormone

activity.

 

1950 - Wilhelm May publishes monograph on the fluoride-iodine

antagonism, including over 300 references, detailing the known

biochemical findings. [Originally slated for publication in 1944, the

lack of paper in Germany prohibits publication until 6 years later.]

 

1952 - Kraft and Dengel (Germany) investigate yet more

fluorophenyl-derived fluoride compounds, all of which lower BMR.

 

1952 - In the court case Reynolds Metals Corp vs Paul Martin

" hypothyroidism " *caused* by " fluoride " is documented.

 

1953 - Wadwhani (India) reports that fluoride concentrated in thyroid

gland of rats consuming 0.9mg F- per day.

 

 

1954 - Jentzer (Switzerland) reports that less than normal amounts of

" thyroid hormone " are deposited in the pituitary gland when rabbits are

given fluoride in water -

at levels corresponding to that of artificially " fluoridated " water.

 

1955 - Benagiano & Fiorentini (Italy) describe the effects of fluoride

on thyroid function.

 

They find that the farther away from the toxic dose, the longer it takes

for fluoride to cause thyroid changes. (This in accord with May (1950),

who found that although it might take months - “sometimes even a year” -

even low fluoride amounts would always be successful in lowering iodine

levels...May urged the practioner to be patient...)

 

1955 - Korrodi, Wegmann, Galetti and Held also verify a fluoride -

iodine antagonism, presuming that the fluoride ion pushes out the iodine

in the thyroid gland.

 

1957 - Galetti et al. treat hyperthyroid patients with fluoride at daily

doses lower than those estimated being the current average intake in the

US,

and document a significant " reduction " in protein-bound iodine, as well

as an overall reduction of iodine and a reduction of " iodine uptake " by

the thyroid gland.

 

1959 - Jentzer again shows reduced iodine levels in the pituitary gland

under the influence of fluorides.

 

1960 - Gordinoff and Minder describe the results of experiments with

radioactive iodine (I131) which show that fluorides " remove " an " iodine

atom " duirng the conversion process (T4 to T3).

 

Effects are dose-responsive, meaning the higher the fluoride intake the

lower the iodine measurements.

 

1959/1960 - Anbar et al (Israel) report in Nature and other journals

that fluoroborates and other fluoride compounds inhibit thyroid hormone

transport and " concentrate " in the thyroid gland.

 

[bTW: The first fluoroborate safety document appeared in 1932!]

 

1962 - Steyn (Africa) reports that drinking water containing " as little

as 1 to 2 ppm of fluorine can cause serious disturbances of general

health and especially in normal thyroid gland function and in the normal

processes of

calcium-phosphate metabolism (parathyroid function). "

 

1962 - Spira reports on the fluorine-induced " endocrine disturbances " in

mental illness.

 

1963 - Gorlitzer von Mundy reports on the [then] current knowledge

gained from experiments with I131 as to how the effects of the " enzyme "

responsible for the

T4 to T3 " conversion " were " inhibited "

if a " fluorine ion "

was " absorbed " before the conversion from T4 to T3 occurs.

 

1964 - Ritzel reports on disturbances in T4 metabolism in areas with

fluoridated drinking water.

 

1964 - Steyn (Africa) - again - reviews the “overwhelming evidence” on

the fluoride-iodine antagonism.

 

(Steyn, Maumene, Euler et al., Wadwhani, Wadwhani and Ramaswamy, Chang

et al., Littich, Benagiano and Fiorentini, Fiorentini, Feltman, De Eds,

Baume and Becks, Orban, Spira, Galetti et al., Gordonoff and Minder,

Wilson, Wespi, Goldemberg, Coton, Gorlitzer, May, Hodenberg,

Korrodi et al., Christiani, Jentzer, Grab and Overdisse)

 

1964 - Steyn reports on his detailed 1949-1950 experiments on young

rats, conducted to determine if there was in fact a fluoride-iodine

antagonism.

 

The experiment, which ran for 12 months, showed that the more severe

the teeth were mottled, the more severe the thyroid dysfunction.

 

It further showed that iodine supplementation was not likely to prevent

the endemic goitre caused by " excessive fluoride " in drinking water,

 

and that fluoride intake needed to be reduced.

 

1969 - Rodesch et al. and Zor et al. independently report that

 

fluoride " mimicks " TSH.

 

1969 - Siddiqui show small visible goiters in persons 14 to 17 years of

age in India to be " connected " directly to " high fluoride

concentrations " in drinking water.

 

1970 - Ahn and Rosenberg confirm that fluoride mimicks TSH.

 

1970 - Burke documents that TSH and fluoride have additive effects.

 

1971 - Narbutt et al. show that in rats fed sodium fluoride at 0.1 and 1

mg/day there is an increase in the thyroid weights after 4 weeks,

irrespective of dosage.

Narbutt recommends iodine administration during fluoride prophylaxis.

 

1972 - Willems et al. document that sodium fluoride " blocks "

 

thyroid hormone secretion.

 

1972 - Day and Powell-Jackson study 648 people in 13 mountaineous

regions in Nepal where the iodine content in the water is low and find a

close relationship between fluoride intake and the incidence of goiter.

 

1976 - Polish researchers Bobek and Kahl document that rats consuming

fluoride in water at 0.1 to 1 mg/day have

" significantly lowered " T4, T3,

and free thyroxine index in plasma.

 

They ascribe this to an inhibition of thyroid hormone transport by

fluoride.

 

1976 - Aliev finds that goiter, caries and fluorosis are correlated in

Azerbaijan.

 

1976 - Orgiazzi et al. use fluoride as TSH analogue in assessing “cold

nodules”.

 

1978 - In German thyroid medications like " Druesensalbe Fides " ,

" Strumadragees Fides " and " Strumetten " , calcium fluoride and hydrogen

fluoride are still used as ingredients, and listed in the 1978 index of

the German Federal Association of the Pharmaceutical Industry.

( " Schilddruesentherapeutika " in " Rote Liste " , Bundesverband der

Pharmazeutischen Industrie, e.V., Frankfurt, Germany)

 

1978 - Maccia et al. use fluoride as TSH analogue (hyperplastic thyroid,

hyperfunctioning follicular carcinoma, “cold” nodules).

 

1978 - Kalderon & Sheth use fluoride as TSH analogue (“cold” nodules).

 

1978 - George Waldbott writes that in most cases of " poisoning " from

" fluoridated water " in which he had occasion to study the action of the

thyroid gland,

 

it's function was low.

 

He cites a case of a 33-year-old male who exhibited typical

manifestations of pre-skeletal fluorosis and a basal metabolism rate of

-22, indicative of hypothyroidism.

 

Within three months after the man " ceased consuming "

fluoridated water, the thyroid function had returned to normal (BMR=0).

 

 

In addition, Waldbott writes that " simultaneously, other symptoms

associated with low grade fluoride poisoning - including excessive

thirst, headaches, blurred vision, arthritis in shoulders, elbows,

knees, and gastrointestinal disturbances - also disappeared. "

 

[He did not know that the symptoms he ascribed to “low-grade fluoride

poisoning” would likewise be considered symptoms of hypothyroidism some

20 years later.]

 

See: COMPARISON OF SYMPTOMS: FLUORIDE POISONING/HYPOTHYROIDISM

 

1979 - Toccafondi et al. use fluoride as TSH analogue in assessing

hyperfunctioning nodules (thyroid toxic adenoma).

 

1979 - Walinder et al. use fluoride as TSH anlogue to activate human

thyroid tumors (nodules).

 

1979 - Hillman et al. find that cattle afflicted with fluorosis develop

hypothyroidism.

(Fluorosis here caused by mineral supplements.)

 

1982 - Mizukami et al. use fluoride as TSH analogue

(adenomatous goiter).

 

1983 - Sidora et al. find iodine deficiency and " adaptive amplification

of the hypophyseal-thyroid system, not ensuring an absolute compensation

in the citizens using drinking water with an ‘enhanced’ fluorine content

as compared to a ‘decreased’ one, accompanied by an augmented incidence

of functional disturbance " .

 

1983 - Desai et al.(India) report increased incidence of goiter in

endemic fluorosis areas.

 

1985 - Bachinskii et al. document how fluorides at 2.3 ppm in water

cause tension of function of the pituitary-thyroid system that is

expressed in TSH-elevated production, a decrease in the T3 concentration

[both sure-tell diagnostic signs of hypothyroidism] and more intense

absorption of radioactive iodine by the thyroid [as in iodine

deficiency].

The results lead to a conclusion that " excess " of fluorine in drinking

water was a risk factor of more rapid development of thyroid pathology.

 

1985 - Clark and Gerend use fluoride as TSH analogue in human thyroid

cancers.

 

1988 - Zhao publishes first results of investigations into mutual

interactive effects of fluoride and iodine in goitre and dental

fluorosis.

 

1988 - Guan et al. report on synergistic effects of iodine deficiency

and fluoride excess in rat thyroid.

 

1989 - Tokar' and others in a study on workers exposed to fluorides

write that “changes in the pituitary-thyroid axis are caused by

disorders of the regulatory chain and fluorine impact on thyroid

hormones' metabolism at the level of target cells”. (-> G-proteins)

 

1989 - Ren et al. report more findings on the devastating effects on IQ

of fluoride in low iodine areas.

 

1991 - Lin Fa-Fu et al. report that a low iodine intake coupled with

" high " (0.88ppm) fluoride intake excaberates the central nervous lesions

and the somatic developmental disturbance of iodine deficiency.

 

The authors considered the possibility that " excess " fluoride ion

affected normal de-iodination.

 

Fluorides caused increase of reverse T3 (rT3) and elevated TSH levels,

as well as increased I131 uptake (see: Bachinskii et al, 1985).

 

1991 - Delemer et al. show that fluoroaluminate (AlF4-) and TSH have

additive effects.

 

1993 - Brtko et al. find that fluoride inhibits binding of 125I-T3 to

its receptor in rat liver nuclei.

 

1993 - Desai et al. investigate 22,276 people in India and find dental

fluorosis and goitre significantly and positively correlated.

 

1994 - Tezelmann et al. report that fluoride, by increasing the

intracellular cAMP concentration, causes desensitization of the thyroid

stimulating hormone receptor (TSHr). No specific thyroid factor(s) other

than increased levels of cAMP are required for TSHr desensitization.

 

1995 - Balabolkin et al. study the thyroid and immune statuses in

workers continuously exposed to fluorine.

 

“...T3 is seen reduced in 51% of the workers. The examinees with

'euthyroid condition' had immune disorders with an allergic tendency

(increased number of B-lymphocytes, immunoglobulins A).

 

In workers with subclinical hypothyroidism, the immune alterations were

more evident, T-lymphocytes count rose, but their functional activity

declined, indicating impaired cooperation of immunocytes as a result of

imperfect control under low concentrations of T3. " (aberrant G protein

activation).

 

1996 - Mikhailets et al. also report low T3 levels in workers exposed to

fluorides.

 

1998 - Zhao et al. conduct an extensive study on mice receiving several

fluoride-iodine combinations in addition to basal diet. He finds that

iodine and fluorine have " mutually interacting " effects on both goiter

and fluorosis in the experimental mice.

 

1998 - Swarup et al., investigating fluoride-intoxicated cattle near an

aluminum smelter in India, find decreased levels of triiodothyronine

(T3) in the affected animals when compared to normal animals.

 

1999 - Data by Jooste et al shows that goitre occurrence in

iodine-sufficient areas in Africa is due to fluoride. In 5 out of 6

villages goiter prevalence directly corresponds to fluoride in water,

observable at concentrations even lower than deemed “optimal” for

“caries prevention”.

 

2001 - Negoita et al. report the increase of acquired hypothyroidism in

the St. Regis Akwesasne Mohawks, a population long known to be poisoned

by fluoride emissions from a Reynolds aluminum smelter.

 

2001 - 2002 - Gupta et al. (India) and Suketa (Japan) show that in cases

of fluorosis there is hyperparathyroidism, as seen in elevated

parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels.

 

It is now known that elevated PTH levels are caused by the prolonged

elevation of thyrotropin (TSH) levels (i.e. Paloyan et al, 1997).

Fluoride is a TSH analogue. See next item...

 

2002 - As a result of research into molecular biology there are hundreds

upon hundreds of studies available documenting the actions of fluorides

upon G proteins, the " On " and " Off " switches involved in cellular signal

transmission.

 

During the 1980s and 1990s fluorides become known as the universal

G-protein activator. Although there have been numerous studies before

showing that fluorides act like TSH, the thyroid-stimulating-hormone -

as seen above -, it can now be documented in deep detail, for it is

known that G proteins in thyroid physiology are normally absolutely

dependent on TSH and are inactive without it.

 

TSH is the master, sometimes also referred to as the “first violinist in

the orchestra”.

 

The TSH receptor is the only receptor known able to activate all G

protein families, an activity directly imitated by fluoride.

 

see also: Tables

 

Hyperparathyroidism

 

==================================

 

REFERENCES:

 

Ahn CS, Rosenberg IN - " Iodine metabolism in thyroid slices - effects of

TSH, dibutyril cyclic 3',5'-AMP, NaF and prostaglandin E1 " Endocrinology

86(2):396-405 (1970)

 

Aliev Yu M - " Some biogeochemical characteristics of the environment in

Azerbaijan, USSR " Gig Sanit (:103-104 (1976)

 

Anbar M, Guttman S, Lewitus Z - " Effect of monofluorosulphanate,

difluorophosphate, and F borate ions on the iodine uptake of the thyroid

gland " Nature 183:1517 (1959) (also monofluorosulfonate,

difluorophosphate inhibit iodine transport)

 

Anbar M, Guttman S, Lewitus Z- " The accumulation of fluoroborate ions in

thyroid glands of rats " Endocrinology 66:888 (1960)

(-> fluoroborate concentrates in thyroid gland, inhibits iodide

transport)

 

Bachinskii PP, Gutsalenko OA, Naryzhniuk ND, Sidora VD, Shliakhta AI -

" Action of the body fluorine of healthy persons and thyroidopathy

patients on the function of hypophyseal-thyroid the system " Probl

Endokrinol (Mosk) 31(6):25-9 (1985)

(-> reduced T3, increased TSH and I131 uptake)

 

Balabolkin MI, Mikhailets ND, Lobovskaia RN, Chernousova NV - " The

interrelationship of the thyroid and immune statuses of workers with

long-term fluorine exposure " Ter Arkh 67(1):41-2(1995)

 

Benagiano A, Fiorentini S - " Richerche sperimentali e cliniche sui

rapporrti tra fluore e tirodi " Annali di Stomatol 4:3-16(1955)

 

Bobek S, Kahl S, Ewy Z - " Effect Of Long Term Fluoride Administration on

Thyroid Hormone Levels In Rats " Endocrinol Exp (Bratisl)10:289-295

(1976)

 

Brtko J, Knopp J, Baker ME - " Inhibition of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine

binding to its receptor in rat liver by protease inhibitors and

substrates " Mol Cell Endocrinol 93(1):81-6 (1993)

 

Burke G - " Comparison of thyrotropin and sodium fluoride effects on

thyroid adenyl cyclase " Endocrinology 86(2):346-52 (1970)

 

Casterra H - " Erfahrungen mit einem neuen organischen Fluorpräparat bei

Hyperthyreosen " Das Deutsche Gesundheitswesen 2(22):704-705 (1947)

(describes use of Knoll's " K 17 " - later named Capacin - in successful

treatment of over 500 hyperthyroid patients. K 17 =>

3-fluoro-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid)

 

Cristiani H - " Alteration de la glande thyroide dans l'intoxication

fluoree " Compt Rend Soc Biol 103:554-556 (1930)

 

Clark OH, Gerend PL - " Thyrotropin regulation of adenylate cyclase

activity in human thyroid neoplasms " Surgery 97(5):539-46 (1985)

 

Cristiani H - " Alteration de la glande thyroide dans l'intoxication

fluoree " Compt Rend Soc Biol 103:554-556 (1930)

 

Day TK, Powell-Jackson PR - " Fluoride, Water Hardness, and Endemic

Goitre " Lancet 1:1135-1138 (1972)

 

Delemer B, Dib K, Saunier B, Haye B, Jacquemin C, Correze C -

" Alteration of the functional activity of Gs protein in

thyrotropin-desensitized pig thyroid cells " Mol Cell Endocrinol

75(2):123-31 (1991)

 

Desai VK, Solanki DM, Bansal RK " Epidemiological study of goitre in

endemic fluorosis district of Gujarat " Fluoride 26(3):187-190 (1993)

 

Desai VK, Saxena DK, Bharsar BS, Kantharia SL - “Health survey of

residents of villages surrounding fluoride mines in relation to their

drinking water fluoride level” Abstracts, 13th Conference ISFR, New

Delhi (1983)

 

Euler H, Eichler - “Ueber die Wirkung von Fluor in organischer Binding

auf das Zahnsystem der Ratte” Arch exper Path 199:179-187 (1942); also

Dtsch Zahn Hk 9(1) (1942)

 

Euler H, Eichler O, Hindemith H - " Über die Wirkung einiger organischer

Fluoride bei chronischer Darreichung " Arch exp. Path u Pharmakol.

Bd.206:75-82 (1949), also cited in: Steyn DG - The problem of dental

caries and the fluoridation of public water supplies - Johannisburg

(1958)

(All organic fluoride compounds inhibit thyroid function, all compounds

act on glycogen/liver - activity only differentiated by amplitude)

 

Galletti PM, Joyet G - " Effect of fluoride on thyroidal iodine

metabolism in hyperthyroidism " J Clin Endocrinol 18:1102-1110 (1958)

 

Gautier - Bull Soc Chim 13:909 (1913), cited in: Kraft K - " Beiträge zur

Biochemie des Fluors I.Über den Antagonismus zwischen Fluor und

Thyroxin. " Hoppe-Seglers Z.Physiol. Chem 245:58 -65 (1937)

 

Gautier - Bull Soc Chim 14:241 (1914); cited in: Kraft K - " Beiträge zur

Biochemie des Fluors I.Über den Antagonismus zwischen Fluor und

Thyroxin. " Hoppe-Seglers Z.Physiol. Chem 245:58 -65 (1937)

 

Gedalia I, Brand N - " The relationship of fluoride and iodine in drinking

water in the occurrence of goiter " Arch Int Pharmacodyn 142:312-5 (1963)

 

 

Goldemberg L - " Action physiologique des fluorures " Compt Rend Soc

Physiol (Paris) 95:1169 (1926)

(reports a 5 to 6-fold increase in thyroid weight in rats fed 0.9mg

fluoride/day for 8 months)

 

Goldemberg L - La Semana Med 28:628 (1921) - also cited in Wilson RH,

DeEds F - " The Synergistic Action Of Thyroid On Fluoride Toxicity "

Endocrinology 26:851 (1940)

 

Goldemberg L - J Physiol et Path 25:1 (1927)

 

Goldemberg L - " Comment agiraient-ils therapeutiquement les fluoers dans

le goitre exopthalmique et dans l'hyperthyroidisme " Semana Med 39:1659

(1932)

 

Goldemberg L - " Traitement de la maladie de Basedow et de

l'hyperthyroidisme par le fluor " Presse Méd 102:1751 (1930)

 

Goldemberg L - Compt Rend Soc Biol (Paris) 104:1031 (1930)

 

Goldemberg L - Revista de Especialidad, T.V. No.6 (1930)

 

Gordonoff T (Ed) - " Fluor und die Schilddrüse " , Toxikology des Fluors

(Toxicology of fluorine) Symposium, Ber, Oct.15-17 1962, Schwabe Verlag,

Basel/Stuttgart, pp.111-123 (1964)

 

Gordonoff T, Minder W - " Fluoride and the thyroid gland " in " World

Review of Nutrition and Dietetics " Pitman Medical Co, Vol 2:234-247

(1960)

 

Gordonoff T, Minder W - " Caries prophylaxis with fluorine as a

physiological problem " Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 82:972-973 (1952)

 

Gordonoff T - " Zum Fluorproblem " Osterr Z Stomatol 54:561:571 (1957)

 

Gorlitzer von Mundy V - Arch f. exper.Path 165 (1932)

 

Gorlitzer von Mundy V - " Die Beinflussung des Stoffwechsels durch die

Halogenwasserstoffsäuren im Tierexperiment, mit besonderer

Berücksichtigung der Fluorwasserstoffsäure " Arch Exp Pathol 165:443- 461

(1932)

(describes his 1500 investigations on fluoride use in inhibition of

metamorphosis in tadpoles, mice experiments, etc., many pictures)

 

Gorlitzer von Mundy V - " Ein neuer Weg zur Behandlung der Thyreotoxikose

mit Fluorwasserstoffsäure " Med Klin 21: & 17-719 (1932)

(reports on the first successful use of baths containing HF in the

treatment of hyperthyroidism)

 

Gorlitzer von Mundy V - Wien Klin Wschr 48 (1933)

 

Gorlitzer von Mundy V - Med. Klin.47:911 (1952), cited in Gorlitzer von

Mundy, V - " Einfluss von Fluor und Jod auf den Stoffwechsel,

insbesondere auf die Schilddrüse " Münch Med Wochensschr 105:182-186

(1963)

 

Gorlitzer von Mundy, V - " Einfluss von Fluor und Jod auf den

Stoffwechsel, insbesondere auf die Schilddrüse " Münch Med Wochensschr

105:182-186 (1963); also in Gordonoff, T. - Fluor und die Schilddrüse,

Toxikology des Fluors Basel/Stuttgart, pp.111-123 (1964)

 

Gorlitzer von Mundy V - J. Physiol.et Path gen 25:1 (1927) (3 mg NaF-

fluoride intake in rabbits and rats results in goiter and cretinism-like

conditions)

 

Guan ZZ, Zhuang ZJ, Yang PS, Pan S - " Synergistic action of

iodine-deficiency and fluorine-intoxication on rat thyroid " Chin Med J

(Engl) 101(9):679-84 (1988)

 

Gupta SK, Khan TI, Gupta RC, Gupta AB, Gupta KC, Jain P, Gupta A -

“Compensatory hyperparathyroidism following high fluoride ingestion - a

clinico - biochemical correlation“ Indian Pediatr 38(2):139-46 (2001)

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd

=Retrieve & db=PubMed & list_uids=11224578 & dopt=Abstr act

 

Hatfield JD, Shrewsbury CL, Andrews FN, Doyle LP - " Iodine-fluorine

relationship in sheep nutrition " J Anim Sci 3:71-77 (1944)

 

Hillman D, Bolenbaugh DL, Convey EM - " Hypothyroidism and anemia related

to fluoride in dairy cattle " J Dairy Sci 62(3):416-23 (1979)

 

Jonderko G, Kita K, Pietrzak J, Primus-Slowinska B, Ruranska B,

Zylka-Wloszczyk M, Straszecka J - " Effect of subchronic sodium fluoride

poisoning on the thyroid gland of rabbits with normal and increased

supply of iodine " Endokrynol Pol 34(3):195-203 (1983)

 

Jentzer A - " Action du fluor sur le relais thyroidenhypophysaire

demontree par l'iode 131 " Bull Schweiz Akad Med Wiss 10:211-220 (1954)

(Less than normal amounts of thyroid hormone are deposited in the

pituitary gland when rabbits are given fluoride in water at levels

corresponding to that of artificially fluoridated water)

 

Jentzer, A - " Effet du fluor et du fluor-iod sur la teneur en iode de la

thyroide de lapin " Bull Schweiz Akad Med Wiss 15:412-422 (1959).

(In rabbits fed 0.05mg F- per day [!] iodine content in thyroid was

reduced by 25%. Also showed that the iodine uptake in the pituitary

gland was greatly reduced under the influence of fluoride)

 

Jooste PL, Weight MJ, Kriek JA, Louw AJ - “Endemic goitre in the absence

of iodine deficiency in

schoolchildren of the Northern Cape Province of South

Africa” Eur J Clin Nutr 53(1):8-12 (1999)

 

Kalderon AE, Sheth V - " Secretion and adenylate cyclase in thyroid

nodules " Arch Pathol Lab Med 102(7):381-86 (1978)

 

Kraft K - " Beiträge zur Biochemie des Fluors I.Über den Antagonismus

zwischen Fluor und Thyroxin. " Hoppe-Seglers Z.Physiol. Chem 245:58 -65

(1937)

 

Kraft K - " Über die Synthese einiger aromatischer Fluorverbindungen "

Knoll Research, Chem Ber. 84(2):150-156 (1951)

(describes manufacturing processes of numerous organic fluorides, after

it was shown that all organic fluoride compounds displayed stronger

anti-thyroid activity than the fluoride ion)

 

Kraft K, Dengel F - " Über die Synthese einiger aromatischer

Fluorverbindungen, II. Mitteilung " Chem Ber 85(6):577-582 (1952)

(more reports on fluorophenyl/organic fluoride investigations... " in

regards to their characteristics in lowering BMR... " )

 

Lin Fa-Fu, Aihaiti, Zhao Hong-Xin, Lin Jin, Jiang Ji-Yong, Maimaiti, and

Aiken - " The Relationship of a Low-Iodine and High-Fluoride Environment

to Subclinical Cretinism in Xinjiang " ICCIDD Newsletter, Volume 7 Number

3 August (1991)

http://64.177.90.157/science/html/lin_fa-fu.html

 

Litzka G - " Die experimentellen Grundlagen der Behandlung des Morbus

Basedow und der Hyperthyreose mittels Fluortyrosin " Med Wochenschr

63:1037-1040 (1937)

(discusses the basis of the use of fluorides in anti-thyroid medication,

documents activity on liver, skeletal muscle, inhibition of glycolysis,

etc.)

 

Litzka G - " Erfolgskontrolle bei Behandlung der

Schilddrüsenüberfunktion " Z. klin. Med.131:791-799 (1937)

 

Litzka G - " Die antithyreotoxische Wirkung des Fluortyrosins " Arch. exp.

Pathol. u. Pharmakol. 183:436-458 (1936)

 

Litzka G - " Fluortyrosine " Klin Wochenschr. 15:1568-1569 (1936)

 

Macchia V, Mandato E, Carella C, Pisano G, Biscaglia G - " The adenylate

cyclase-cyclic cAMP-phosphodiesterase system in pathological human

thyroid " J Endocrinol Invest 1(4):337-45 (1978)

 

Machioro - Riforma Med p.1436 (1932); Ref. Zbl.68, p.515 (1932); also

cited in Purjesz et al, 1934

 

Maumené E - " Experiencé pour déterminer l'action des fluores sur

l'economie animale " Compt Rend Acad Sci (Paris) 39:538-539 (1854)

 

May W - " Antagonismus zwischen Jod und Fluor im Organismus " Klin

Wochenschr 14:790-792 (1935)

 

May W - " Behandlung the Hyperthyreosen einschliesslich des schweren

genuinen Morbus Basedow mit Fluor " Klin Wochenschr 16:562-564 (1937)

 

May W - “Eine neue interne Behandlung der Hyperthyreosen einschliesslich

des Morbus Basedow” Verhandlungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft fuer Innere

Medizin, 49. Kongress, Wiesbaden March 15 - 18, 1937, publ. Munich

(1937)

 

May W - " Die Basedowsche Krankheit " Aulendorf (1950)

 

May R - " Untersuchungen über den Fluorgehalt des Trinkwasseres in

bayerischen Kropfgebieten verschiedener Endemiestärke " Z. Ges. Exp. Med

107:450 (1940)

 

May R - " Therapie mit organischen Fluorverbindungen " Med Wochenschr

4:489-490 (1950)

 

May Richard - " Erfahrungen in der Behandlung von Hyperthyreose- und

Basedow-Kranken mit einer organischen Fluorverbindung

(Fluoroxyphenylessigsäure, 'Capacin') " Deutsche Med.

Wochenschr.74(12):374-375 (1949)

(reviews the highly successful use of organic fluoride compounds

Pardinon and Capacin in treatment of hyperthyroidism - up to 1943

already over 10,000 patients treated...)

 

May Wilhelm - " Fluor als Therapeuticum " Arzneimittel Forschung 1:33-37

(1951)

(Review on fluoride as a therapeutic agent...discusses fluoride

Goldemberg's 1926 use in treatment of whooping cough (-> Pertussin -

G(i) proteins), Goldemberg's prioneering work in 1928 in the treatment

of hyperthyroidism, etc..., as well as his son's - Richard May -

decision in 1949 to recommened use of fluoride compounds as an

anti-caries prophylaxis...discusses fluoroform as whooping cough

(pertussis) medication, difluorophenyl compounds as wound-disinfectants

such as " Epidermin " , another fluorophenyl compound called

" Fluor-rheumin " against rheumatism, etc.)

 

May H, Litzka G - “Über die Hemmung des Tumorwachstums durch

Fluortyrosine " Z. Krebsforschung 48:376 - 382 (1939)

 

May W - " Eine neue interne Behandlung der Hyperthyreosen einschließlich

des Morbus Basedow " Diskussionsvortrag, Verhandlungen der Deutschen

Gesellschaft für innere Medizin, 49.Kongress, Wiesbaden, March 15-18,

1937, München(1937)

 

May W - " Die Behandlung der Hyperthyeosen mit Fluortyrosine " Deutsch Med

Wochenschr 68:164 (1942)

 

May W, Schwartz E - Fortschr Med 28:9 (1932); also cited in: Kraft K

- " Beiträge zur Biochemie des Fluors I. Über den Antagonismus zwischen

Fluor und Thyroxin " Hoppe-Seglers Z.Physiol. Chem 245:58 -65 (1937)

 

McKay, FS - " Progress of the year in the investigation of mottled enamel

with special reference to its association with artesian water " J Natl

Dental Assn 5:721 (1918)

 

Mikhailets ND, Balabolkin MI, Rakitin VA, Danilov IP - " Thyroid function

during prolonged exposure to fluorides. " Problemy Endokrinologii 42

(1):6-9 (1996)

 

" Thyroid function was examined in 165 workers of electrolysis shops of

aluminum production with more or less expressed signs of chronic

fluoride intoxication (fluorosis) by radioimmunoassay of hormones and

the test of 131I absorption by the thyroid. The detected thyroid

abnormalities were characterized by a moderate reduction of

iodine-absorbing function of the thyroid, low T3 with normal T4 level,

and a slight increase of TTH concentration. These changes augmented with

longer service and fluorosis progress. Hence, the syndrome of low T3 and

reduced absorption of 131I may be considered as diagnostic signs of

fluorosis. In case of toxic involvement of the liver in fluorosis

patients, low T3 syndrome is observed much more frequently: in 75.6%

cases. Liver abnormalities evidently lead to disorders in the peripheral

conversion of T4 in T3, occurring primarily in liver parenchyma.

Indirect effect of fluorine on the enzymatic system of deiodination

cannot be ruled out as well. "

Mizukami Y, Matsubara F, Matsukawa S - " Localization of adenylate

cyclase and 5'-nucleotidase activities in human thyroid follicular

cells " Histochemistry 74(1):9-19(1982)

 

Monti M, Hedner P, Ikomi-Kumm J, Valdemarsson S - " Erythrocyte

metabolism in hyperthyroidism: a microcalorimetric study on changes in

the Embden-Meyerhof and the hexose monophosphate pathways " Acta

Endocrinol (Copenh) 115(1):87-90(1987)

 

Narbutt B, Romer TE, Grabski J, Szymik N - " Influence of natrium

fluoride on the structure of the rat thyroid " Endocrynol Pol 22

(5):445-451 (1971)

 

Nasse O - " Beitraege zur Physiologie der contractilen Substanz "

Pfluegers Archiv fuer Physiologie 2: 97-121 (1869)

 

Negoita S, Swamp L, Kelley B, Carpenter DO - " Chronic diseases

surveillance of St. Regis Mohawk Health Service patients " J Public

Health Manag Pract 7(1):84-91 (2001)

 

Orgiazzi J, Chopra IJ, Solomon DH, Williams DE - " Comparison of the

effect of TSH and fluoride on the adenylate cyclase activity of cold

thyroid

nodules " Ann Endocrinol (Paris) 37(2):107-8 (1976)

 

Orlowski W- " Sur la valeur therapeutique du sang animal du bore et du

fluor dans la maladie de Basedow " La Presse Medicale 42:836-837 (1932)

 

Paloyan Walker R, Kazuko E, Gopalsami C, Bassali J, Lawrence AM, Paloyan

E - “Hyperparathyroidism associated with a chronic hypothyroid state”

Laryngoscope 1107(7):903-9 (1997)

 

Pastan I, Macchia V, Katzen R - " Effect of fluoride on metabolic

activity of thyroid slices " Endocrinology 83(1):157-60 (1968)

 

Phillips PH, English HE, Hart EB - " The influence of sodium fluoride

upon the basal metabolism of the rat under several experimental

conditions " Am J Physiol 113:441-449 (1935)

[First evidence that fluoride mimicks TSH. Also, when 5.2mg of NaF (2.34

F-) was added to diet of rats fed desiccated thyroid, effects were

dramatically potentiated leading to rapid weight loss and death: F- and

thyroid have synergistic effects...]

 

Phillips PH - " The manifestations of scurvy-like symptoms induced by

ingestion of sodium fluoride " J Biol Chem 100:29 (1933)

 

Phillips PH - " Further studies on the effects of NaF administration upon

the basal metabolic rate of experimental animals " Am J Physiol

117:155-159(1936)

(F- and thyroid have synergistic effects)

 

Phillips PH, Edens RJ - " Fluorgehalt d. Schilddrüse in Fällen von

Hyperthyreoase " Madison Diskussion, Biblioth.d Forsch. Knoll (in May,

1950)

 

Phillips PH, Lamb AR - " " Histology of certain organs and teeth in chronic

toxicosis due to fluorine " Arch Path 17:169 (1934)

 

Phillips PH, English H, Hart NB - " The augmentation of fluorosis in the

chick by feeding desiccated thyroid " J Nutrition 10:399 (1935), cited

in:Harris NO, Hayes RL - " A tracer study of the effects of acute and

chronic exposure to sodium fluoride on the thyroid iodine metabolism of

rats " J Dent Res 34:470-477 (1955)

(F- and thyroid have synergistic effects)

 

Pighini G - " Il gozzo endemico e la sua etiologia in funzionie

disfunzionitiroidee " Publicato per cura dell'Institute Sieroterapico,

Milano p.41 (1923), also cited in Roholm K - " Fluoride Intoxication,

London, C.K. Clarke and Co, (1937) ( F- inhibits thyroid function/cause

of goiter.)

 

Purjesz B, Berkessy L, Gönczi K, Kovacs-Oskolas M - " Über die

biologische Speicherung der halogenen Elemente in Hühnereiern und im

tierischen Organismus " Arch Exp Pathol Pharmakol 176:578-582 (1934)

(describes accumulation of fluoride in chicken eggs; gave such eggs to

Basedow patients and achieved lowering of body temperature, pulse and

BMR, as well as weight gain; found that most of the fluoride was found

in liver; found NO fluoride in the blood of healthy people -> 1934)

 

Ren DL, Liu Y, An Q - " An investigation of intelligence development of

children aged 8-14 years in high-fluoride and low-iodine areas. " Chinese

J of Control of Endemic Diseases 4:251-254 (1989)

 

Ritzel G - " Thyroxinstoffwechsel und Trinkwasser-fluoridierung " Int Z

Vitaminforsch 34:422-426 (1964)

 

Reynolds Metals Corp vs. Paul Martin et al - Transcript of Record. US

Court of Appeals, Ninth District, Nos.14990-14992 (1952) (Court case:

Family of three residing near aluminum smelter in Troutdale, Oregon.

Litigation of this case revealed muscular pains, general fatigue,

arthritis in conjunction with liver and kidney damage, and

hypothyroidism.)

 

Rodesch F, Neve, P, Willems C, Dumont JE - " Stimulation of thyroid

metabolism by thyrotropin, cyclic 3',5'-AMP, dibutyryl cyclic 3',5'-AMP

and prostaglandin E1 " Eur J Biochem 8(1):26-32 (1969)

 

Schwarz - Med. Klin. 5 (1941);cited in May, 1950

 

Siddiqui AH - “Incidence of Simple Goiter in Areas of Endemic Fluorosis

in Nalgonda District, Andhra Pradesh, India” Fluoride 2 (4):Pages 192 -

249 (1969)

 

Sidora VD, Shliakhta AI, Iugov VK, Kas'ianenko AS, Piatenko VG -

" Indices of the pituitary-thyroid system in residents of cities with

various fluorine concentrations in drinking water " Probl Endokrinol

(Mosk) 29(4):32-5 (1983)

 

Spira L - " Fluorine-induced endocrine disturbances in mental illness "

Folia Psychiat Neurol Jap 16:4-14 (1962) NLM CIT. ID: 62182027

 

Suketa Y - “Fundamental and applied studies on transport and metabolism

of electrolytes and glucose--aim to contact with molecular biology”

Yakugaku Zasshi 122(:507-25 (2002)

 

Steyn DG - “Water poisoning in man and animal, together with a

discussion on urinary calculi” Onderstepoort J Vet Sci Animal Ind

12:167-230 (1939)

 

Steyn DG - " Fluoride and endemic goitre " S Afr Med J 22:525-526 (1948)

 

Steyn DG, Kieser J, Odendaal WA, Malherbe MA, Synan HW, Sunkel W, Naude

CP, Klintworth H, Fisher E - " Endemic goitre in the Union of South

Africa and some neighbouring territories " Pretoria:Union of South

Africa, Department of Nutrition (March 1955)

 

Steyn DG - " The problem of dental caries and the fluoridation of public

water supplies " Johannisburg (1958)

 

Steyn DG - " Chronic fluorine poisoning caused by the drinking of

subterranean waters containing excessive quantities of fluorine " in:

Gordonoff, T. - Fluor und die Schilddrüse, Toxikology des Fluors

Basel/Stuttgart (1964)

 

Steyn DG - “Once More - Fluoridation” Review

Chief Research Officer, Division of Life Sciences, Atomic Energy Board,

Pretoria, Republic of South Africa, (Emeritus Professor of Pharmacology,

University of Pretoria) University of Pretoria NUWE REEKS No.24 (1964)

 

Swarup D, Dwivedi SK, Dey S, Ray SK - " Fluoride intoxication in bovines

due to industrial pollution " Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 68

(7):605-608 (1998), also in Fluoride 31(4):225(1998)

 

 

Tezelman S, Shaver JK, Grossman RF, Liang W, Siperstein AE, Duh QY,

Clark OH - " Desensitization of adenylate cyclase in Chinese hamster

ovary cells transfected with human thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor "

Endocrinology 134(3):1561-9 (1994)

(Fluorides cause insensitization (decreased response) of the TSH

receptor).

 

Toccafondi RS, Rotella CM, Tanini A, Fani P, Arcangeli P -

" Thyrotrophin-responsive adenylate cyclase activity in thyroid toxic

adenoma " Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 92(4):658-68 (1979)

- Practioner 129:2 (1932), also cited in May, 1950

 

Tokar' VI, Voroshnin VV, Sherbakov SV - " Chronic effects of fluorides on

the pituitary-thyroid system in industrial workers " Gig Tr Prof Zabol

(9):19-22 (1989)

 

Tokar' VI, Savchenko ON - " Effect of inorganic fluorine compounds on the

functional state of the pituitary-testis system " Probl Endokrinol (Mosk)

23(4):104-7 (1977)

 

Travbesli M, Guermazi F, Zeghal N - " Effect of fluoride on thyroid

function and cerebellar development in mice "

Fluoride 34(3):165-173 (2001) FULL TEXT

 

Wadhwani TK - " Metabolism of Fluoride. Absorption, retention,

distribution and elimination of fluorine and its effect on the Vitamin C

content of different tissues, and on the iodine content of thyroids of

rats and monkeys " J Indian Inst Sci (35)354-362 (1953)

Fluoride concentrated in thyroid gland of rats consuming 0.9mg F- per

day.

 

Waldbott, GL; Burgstahler, AW; McKinney, HL - " Fluoridation:The Great

Dilemma " Coronado Press (1978)

 

Walinder O, Karlsson FA, Dahlberg PA - " Adenyl cyclase activity in human

thyroid plasma membranes from normal human thyroid tissue and thyroid

adenomas " Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 92(1):95-104 (1979)

 

Wespi HJ - " Besteht ein Antagonismus zwischen Fluor und Jod? " Praxis

43:616-623 (1954)

(Wespi found both dental fluorosis and goitre in the same patients in

Campagnano di Roma and Casamicciola...)

 

Willems C, Van Sande J, Dumont JE- " Inhibition Of Thyroid Secretion By

Sodium Fluoride (In Vitro) " Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta 264:197-204

(1972)

 

Wilson RH, DeEds F - " The Synergistic Action Of Thyroid On Fluoride

Toxicity " Endocrinology 26:851 (1940)

 

Wilson DC - " Fluorine in aetiology of endemic goitre " Lancet I:211-213

(1941)

 

Yang Y, Wang X, Guo X - " Effects of high iodine and high fluorine on

children's intelligence and the metabolism of iodine and fluorine " Chung

Hua Liu Hsing Ping Hsueh Tsa Chih 15(5):296-8 (1994)

 

Zhao W, Zhu H, Yu Z, Aoki K, Misumi J, Zhang X - " Long-term Effects of

Various Iodine and Fluorine Doses on the Thyroid and Fluorosis in Mice "

Endocr Regul 32(2):63-70 (1998)

Full Text

 

Zhao WY - " A preliminary study of the interaction of iodide and fluoride

in experimental iodide-goiter and fluorosis " Chung Hua Yu Fang I Hsueh

Tsa Chih 22(3):146-8 (1988)

 

Zor U, Kaneko T, Lowe IP, Bloom G, Field JB - " Effect of

thyroid-stimulating hormone and prostaglandins on thyroid adenyl

cyclaseactivation and cyclic adenosin 3'-5'-monophosphate. " J Biol Chem

244(19):5189-95. (1969)

=====================================================================

Exploring the link between FLUoride and FLUoxetine further

--

The Prozac Connection

http://www.guardian.co.uk/g2/story/0,3604,1233560,00.html

 

A Kick in the Teeth

 

It was hailed as a harmless chemical that would prevent tooth decay. But

a new book claims that fluoride could be linked to serious health

problems.

 

Bob Woffinden

Tuesday June 8, 2004

 

The Guardian

 

A 50-year-old medical controversy is about to be re-ignited. The

government is considering the introduction of further fluoridation

schemes throughout the country. To facilitate that, the Water Act passed

last November indemnified water companies from civil or criminal actions

as a result of

adding fluoride to public water supplies.

 

Fluoridation was first advanced in the United States at the end of the

second world war. Proponents argued that fluoride in water and

toothpaste would help to protect teeth and prevent decay. It was a time

of scientific evangelism, when chemicals meant progress and the public

trusted them to bring about a safer, cleaner future.

 

Throughout the 1950s and 60s, fluoride was added to public water

supplies not just across the US but also in Britain. The areas now

served by the Severn Trent, Northumbrian and Anglian water companies are

fluoridated, mainly those in the West Midlands and Tyneside - about 10%

of the UK population. Much of the Republic of Ireland has been

fluoridated since 1964...

 

As dental health rapidly improved during those decades, so the benefits

of fluoridation were held to be incontestable. However, with better diet

and treatment, dental health was improving across the western world,

irrespective of fluoridation.

 

Recent studies of communities in Finland, Cuba, Canada and east Germany

have found that rates of dental decay did not

rise (and, indeed, continued to decline) after fluoridation was

abandoned.

Fluoridation today is largely restricted to English-speaking countries.

 

Many believe that the effects of fluoride on teeth, beneficial or

otherwise, are irrelevant; what matters is the accumulating research

evidence that fluoride may have serious adverse health effects.

 

However, the government wanted to extend fluoridation schemes,

ostensibly to benefit those in poorer areas. So, it set up the York

Review to allow leading scientists to examine the issue. One of the

review's conclusions in September 2000 was that there had been

" surprisingly " little research into fluoride's harmful effects, and

emphasised the need for " high-quality research " , specifically into the

possible links between fluoride and " infant mortality, congenital

defects and IQ " .

 

A subsequent inquiry into fluoridation by the Medical Research Council

recommended an updated analysis of data on fluoride and cancer rates,

but concluded that " there is no evidence for any significant health

effects on

the immune system, or reproductive and developmental (birth) defects and

no specific research is recommended, although it is appropriate to keep

the area under review. "

 

Now, a new book, The Fluoride Deception by Christopher Bryson, just

published in the US, examines the background of the fluoridation debate.

 

 

Bryson, who has had the advantage of access to recently declassified

files, concludes that fluoridation is a triumph not of medical science

but of US government spin, adding that, " The very same professionals and

institutions who told us that fluoride was safe said much the same about

lead, asbestos

or DDT, or persuaded us to smoke more cigarettes. "

 

In fact, in the 1930s, the very first researcher into fluoride, a Dane

called Kaj Roholm, specifically advised against exposing children to

fluoride, but his work was soon buried. Bryson links the subsequent

" discovery " that fluoride benefited teeth with research paid for by

major US

industries that needed to be able to defend " lawsuits from workers and

communities poisoned by industrial fluoride emissions " .

 

In 1955, farmers in Oregon took Reynolds Metals to court, alleging harm

from fluoride emissions.

 

 

The key medical experts for the farmers were Donald

Hunter, an English specialist in industrial diseases, who told the court

that fluoride was particularly dangerous because it was " an enzyme

poison " ; and Dr Richard Capps from Chicago,

 

who gave evidence that fluoride " displaced " iodine in the body, thus

leading to " thyroid dysfunction " .

 

The farmers won a sensational victory, and US industrialists were

shaken. Dr Robert Kehoe, whose work was funded by major US companies,

resolved - according to Bryson

- to create a new medical orthodoxy that would be unassailable in future

court cases. Kehoe set up an experiment with beagles, with the dogs

breathing in fluoride.

 

The results were alarming, and showed that fluoride travelled rapidly

from the lungs into the blood stream, causing significant

harm. Lawyers for major US companies received copies of the dog study;

needless to say, it went no further. Until Bryson found it, no one knew

of its existence.

 

The drive to encourage public acceptance of fluoride was handed over to

Edward Bernays, known as the father of PR, or the original spin doctor,

and

the man who helped persuade women to take up smoking.

 

" You can get

practically any idea accepted, " Bernays explained, " if doctors are in

favour. The public is willing to accept it because a doctor is an

authority

to most people, regardless of how much he knows or doesn't know. "

 

Among the things that the doctors who endorsed fluoridation didn't know,

according to Bryson, were that research impugning fluoride's safety was

either suppressed or not conducted in the first place.

 

When one doctor

reported that fluoride supplements produced harmful side-effects in

pregnant women, he received no funding to carry out further work.

 

So fluoride became equated with scientific progress, and those opposing

it

were dismissed as cranks. For 30 years, little changed, with both sides

in their entrenched positions.

 

Yet putting fluoride into the water supply - at what the Department of

Health considers to be the " safe " level of one part per million - would,

 

according to opponents in the UK, appear to ignore some important

considerations. First, they say it does not allow for individual

sensitivities to fluoride. Second, those suffering dietary deficiencies,

who may be low in calcium, magnesium and essential nutrients (in other

words,

the poor and those in ill-health), will be more vulnerable to fluoride's

toxic properties. Third, the level of fluoride in the water supply is no

indication of an individual's actual exposure. Those in certain

professions

- for example, labourers or athletes - will take in more water, and

therefore more fluoride.

 

Also, there is regular exposure from other sources - fluoride

toothpaste, of course, as well as pesticide residues and

pharmaceuticals. In 1994, the World Health Organisation recommended that

public health administrators

should be aware of " the total fluoride exposure in the population " . In

fact, in Britain during the past 30 years, anti-fluoridation campaigners

claim that the public's overall exposure to fluoride has become much

greater,

while the government's ostensible " safe " limit has remained exactly the

same.

 

They say that two of the major concerns in childhood development today

could be explained by fluoride.

 

If it interferes with the central nervous system,

as some studies have shown, then that could help to explain the growing

prevalence of " Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder " .

 

There is also concern that fluoride " displaces " iodine in the human

body.

 

Iodine is essential for normal functioning of the thyroid gland. If

fluoride, by displacing iodine, does inhibit thyroid activity, then that

 

would lead to weight gain and obesity.

 

Moreover, iodine is essential for brain development.

 

There are now epidemiological studies from China that link fluoride

exposure with lower IQ

levels. After Dr Phyllis Mullinex, a leading neurotoxicologist in

Boston, had carried out work on rats, she reported that fluoride was

likely to lead to lower IQs. She was fired.

 

Bryson believes that what has made fluoride so impervious to criticism

so

far is not just the PR offensive, but also - paradoxically - fluoride's

overall " toxicity " .

 

Unlike chemicals that have a signature effect (like the

mesothelioma caused by asbestos), fluoride is, he says, " a systemic

poison,

likely to produce a range of health problems " , so that its effects are

harder to diagnose.

 

" We've known about all this for a long time, " says Jane Jones of the

National Pure Water Association, which campaigns against fluoride, " now

I hope the wider public will sit up and take notice " .

 

There are many in the UK who support the fluoridation of our water

supply, among them Ian Wylie, chief executive of the British Dental

Association, who

argued in this paper recently: " Scientific opinion worldwide is that

low-dose fluoride has a beneficial effect on oral health. In America,

almost

two-thirds of the population has drunk water with fluoride, without a

problem, for decades. "

The government has promised that no further fluoridation schemes will be

implemented without public consultations beforehand. The debate is

likely to be fierce and prolonged.

 

... The Fluoride Deception is available in this country through

Turnaround Distributors.

 

Links:

Bfsweb.org

Fluoridealert.org

Guardian Unlimited © Guardian Newspapers Limited 2004

_________________

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mrsjo-

DietaryTi-

www.geocities.com/mrsjoguest/Genes

 

 

 

 

AIM Barleygreen

" Wisdom of the Past, Food of the Future "

 

http://www.geocities.com/mrsjoguest/Diets.html

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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