Worry Spreads Over GI Drug Side Effects

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Worry Spreads Over GI Drug Side Effects

 

Sat Feb 12, 5:12 PM ET

 

Health - AP

 

By SETH HETTENA, Associated Press Writer

 

SAN DIEGO - Some current or former troops sent to Iraq (news - web

sites) claim that Lariam, the commercial name for the anti-malarial

drug

mefloquine, has provoked disturbing and dangerous behavior. The

families

of some troops blame the drug for the suicides of their loved ones.

 

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Though the evidence is largely anecdotal, their stories have raised

alarm in Congress, and the Pentagon (news - web sites) has stopped

giving out a pill it probably never needed to give to tens of thousands

of troops in Iraq in the first place.

 

As a volunteer firefighter, Georg-Andreas Pogany had seen disfigured

bodies pulled from wrecked cars. But something very different happened

when the Army interrogator saw the mangled remains of an Iraqi soldier.

 

He became panicked, disoriented and that night reached for both his

loaded pistol and rifle as he thought he saw the enemy bursting into

his

room. Pogany asked his superiors for help; the Army packed him home to

face charges of cowardice — the first such case since Vietnam.

 

None of it made sense to Pogany until he learned more about the white

pills the Army gave him each week to prevent malaria.

 

The drug's manufacturer warned of rare but severe side effects

including

paranoia and hallucinations. It became his defense: The pills made him

snap. The Army dropped all charges, a spokesman later saying that

Pogany

" may have a medical problem that requires care and treatment. "

 

" What are we doing giving drugs that cause hallucinations, confusion,

psychotic behavior to people that carry weapons and hold secret

clearances? " asked Pogany, 33, who is now seeking a medical discharge.

" It doesn't pass the common-sense test. "

 

The U.S. military, which developed the drug after the Vietnam War,

maintains that Lariam is safe and effective, though officials have

expressed some concern and the military tells its pilots not to take

Lariam.

 

In written guidance on the drug last year, the military urged

commanders

to send for a medical evaluation anyone who showed behavioral changes

after taking the drug, " especially ... if they carry a weapon " — a

description of nearly all U.S. troops in Iraq.

 

" Delay could put the service member or your unit at risk, " the guide

said.

 

Lariam is among the drugs recommended by the U.S. Centers for Disease

Control and Prevention (news - web sites) for treatment and prevention

of malaria, which kills about 1 million people worldwide each year. The

drug's New Jersey-based manufacturer, Roche Pharmaceuticals, points out

that more than 30 million people worldwide have used Lariam over 20

years.

 

" There is no reliable scientific evidence that Lariam is associated

with

violent acts or criminal conduct, " Roche spokesman Terence Hurley wrote

in an e-mailed response to questions.

 

Further blurring the issue, the side effects associated with Lariam

closely mirror symptoms of stress disorders related to combat, making

diagnosis difficult.

 

Still, the pill has dedicated critics who believe it's causing problems

that are only beginning to be understood. A review by the Department of

Veterans' Affairs found 34 articles in medical journals about patients

who took Lariam and became paranoid, psychotic or behaved strangely.

 

Within the civilian medical community, faith in the drug is mixed among

doctors who specialize in tropical diseases. Two said they routinely

prescribe it to travelers and believe troop complaints are overblown.

Another criticized the military's use of a drug with a known history of

psychiatric complications.

 

Dr. G. Richard Olds, professor and chairman of medicine at the Medical

College of Wisconsin, is among Lariam's critics.

 

" There's a strong recommendation not to use Lariam for those who depend

on fine motor skills, " he said. " Do you call firing an M-16 a fine

motor

skill? I do. "

 

 

 

Doctors at the Naval Medical Center in San Diego have diagnosed a

disorder in the region of the brain that controls balance in 18 service

members who took Lariam, among them Pogany.

 

The Pentagon's records show the number of Lariam prescriptions issued

to

active-duty personnel nearly doubled from 18,704 in 2002 to 36,451 the

next year, said Lt. Col. Stephen Phillips, a program director for

deployment medicine. Since prescriptions issued at remote locations

aren't counted, actual numbers may be higher.

 

Shortly after the March 2003 invasion, military doctors determined

another malaria drug would do the job with fewer side effects. Around

the same time, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (news - web sites)

announced that doctors should give patients revised information,

underscoring that some Lariam users experience severe anxiety,

paranoia,

hallucinations, depression and think about killing themselves.

 

Troops were supposed to receive those kinds of warnings, but several

current and former soldiers interviewed for this story said they did

not

— and that they continued taking the drug in Iraq as recently as 2004.

In that year, Phillips said, the number of prescriptions fell to

12,363.

 

Concerns about those taking the drug weren't new. Some U.S. and

Canadian

forces deployed to Somalia in the early 1990s reported strange

behavior.

Lariam came up as a possible explanation after four Fort Bragg, N.C.,

soldiers killed their wives over 43 days in 2002. An Army probe ruled

out Lariam, which was only prescribed to two of the soldiers.

 

Last year, the assistant defense secretary for health affairs ordered a

review of the drug's use based on troop concerns. Many who complained

came from the Third Armored Cavalry Regiment at Fort Carson, Colo. A

base spokesman referred all questions to the Pentagon.

 

In a letter last month, Sen. Dianne Feinstein (news, bio, voting

record), D-Calif., pressed Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld to release

results of the Pentagon's investigation. Feinstein has said there is

enough evidence in the warnings from Lariam's maker " to make the causal

link between the drug and many of the serious adverse events

experienced

by service members. "

 

Military officials now concede Lariam wasn't needed in Iraq — and not

just because, according to the Pentagon, no malaria infections have

been

reported among U.S. forces there.

 

Troops sent to Kuwait in 1991 for Operation Desert Storm were given

another anti-malarial, chloroquine. Before the Iraq invasion, the Armed

Forces Medical Intelligence Center in Fort Detrick, Md., which is

charged with evaluating medical risks, was concerned that a deadly

malaria strain in the region might have become resistant to

chloroquine.

They relied on reports from the World Health Organization (news - web

sites) and U.S. Special Operations units sent to northern Iraq.

 

In a series of reports before the invasion, the intelligence center

extrapolated that — without bug spray, mosquito nets or other

preventive

measures — about 1 in 2,000 troops could pick up a deadly

chloroquine-resistant malaria strain, according to a spokesman, Army

Lt.

Col. Michael Birmingham.

 

In March 2003, U.S. Central Command recommended the use of Lariam or

another drug, doxycycline, in high-risk areas in Iraq. The idea was " to

err on the side of caution, " rather than assume chloroquine would work,

said Phillips of the Pentagon's deployment medicine program.

 

Some commanders chose Lariam because it could be taken once a week

rather than daily like doxycycline, whose main side effects included

sensitivity to sunlight.

 

By July 2003, the military had determined the chloroquine-resistant

strain wasn't in Iraq. Chloroquine then became the drug of choice.

 

" That's the saddest part, " said Laura Howell, a widow with two children

after her husband killed himself in Colorado Springs, Colo. " There was

never a need. "

 

Howell blames Lariam for what happened a few weeks after her husband, a

veteran Green Beret, returned home. In March 2004, Chief Warrant

Officer

William Howell went from " normal to murderous " in a half-hour, his wife

said, and ended his life in his front yard with a bullet to the head.

 

Critics of the drug in organizations such as Lariam Action USA and the

National Gulf War (news - web sites) Resources Center believe Lariam is

connected to the surge in military suicides in 2003, when 23 people

deployed to Iraq and Kuwait took their lives. The suicide rate dropped

after Lariam's use was halted in Iraq.

 

Former Army Spc. Don Dills and his wife say he grew anxious, paranoid

and depressed after taking Lariam for seven months in Iraq. Dills, 22,

says he " went crazy " on a family visit to Mississippi last year and

wound up jailed for robbery. When Dills' wife called her husband's

first

sergeant about the arrest, he told her: Look into Lariam.

 

Dills, who like Pogany and Howell was based at Fort Carson, was kicked

out of the military shortly after he wound up in a psychiatric ward for

problems he and his wife contend are linked to Lariam.

 

" The bottom line is they know what's going on, " said Elicia Dills, 25,

of Pueblo, Colo. " They just don't know how to deal with the can of

worms

they opened. "

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