Mitochondrial Theory of Aging Yields Startling Results

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http://www.hfn-usa.com/articles/050107.html

 

Mitochondrial Theory of Aging Yields Startling Results

 

* Enjoy more vitality

* Prevent and arrest degenerative diseases

* Recharge your energy levels

* Pump up brain power

* Outsmart Father Time

* Safeguard your vision and hearing

 

Would you like to live to a ripe old age and maintain a sharp

mind…good eyesight and hearing…and overall health?

 

If your answer is " Yes " (and of course it is!), then continue reading

to find out how!

 

It sounds like science fiction, but recently a team of scientists

discovered one of the keys to what happens to the human body as it

gets older—and how to delay and even reverse the aging process. We now

know how and why cells deteriorate. And thanks to this discovery, we

now have the power to age more slowly, live longer with better health,

and even reverse some of the signs of aging!

 

Read our breakthrough report on how you can control how you age with a

powerful, cutting-edge longevity supplement…that allows you to improve

your odds of living longer and healthier.

How long do you want to live?

Over the centuries, there have been plenty of myths about the fountain

of youth. Finally, we've got the groundbreaking research to take you

where everyone has dreamed of…and few have been.

 

You've read about products that restore memory, skin elasticity, and

agility. And, for the most part, they deliver at least some of their

promises. But there's never been a special combination of ingredients

that actually has been tested and proven in a lab to slow down aging

and reverse damage that's already been done.

 

Now it really is possible to extend your life by decades…and live them

in good health.

 

Based on published research of internationally renowned scientists,

Dr. Bruce Ames and his team at the University of California, Berkeley,

we now know that the combination of two unique antioxidant dietary

supplements supercharges your cells' energy production in order to

maximize memory, health, and longevity. This breakthrough research has

even shown that the combination of these amazing nutrients has the

potential of not only preventing aging, but of even reversing some

signs of aging.

Cellular health and aging

One of the last unanswered questions in biology is how we age. And

with Baby Boomers reaching their 50s, there are millions of people

searching for the key to ward off wrinkles, aches and pains, and

improve their odds of living longer.

 

Every once and while we read about centenarians like Elizabeth Pampo

Israel, reported to be living in the Dominican Republic at the ripe

old age of 127. Or Maud Farris-Luse, who recently died at age 115, and

was recognized last year by the Guinness Book of World Records as the

world's oldest living person.

 

While the average human life span over the past 2,000 years has risen

from about 30 years to almost 80 years, the maximum potential life

span of humans has remained near 120 years.

 

Although most of our peers probably won't make it to 120, recent

exciting discoveries have brought us closer than ever to understanding

the aging process and re-igniting the possibility that it really is

possible to extend our life span and the life span of our children and

grandchildren.

The Free Radical Theory of Aging - a new perspective

In the mid-1950s, Denham Harman, MD, PhD, developed the Free Radical

Theory of Aging, which explains that cells eventually break down due

to free radical attack resulting from oxidative stress. If you can

imagine the body as a battlefield in which the cells are attacked by

free radicals and damaged by the enemy, oxidation, then you have a

pretty good idea of the scenario.

 

And if you could take a closer look at those besieged cells under a

microscope, you'd see the molecules or atoms losing electrons. The

molecules or atoms that accept these electrons are called oxidizing

agents, and they have the potential to damage the cell's DNA, proteins

and lipids. By-products of lipid peroxidation can result in cancer,

Alzheimer's, arthritis, and numerous other diseases associated with

aging. Over time, the cells die, and inevitably we age and die too.

Aging begins in the mitochondria

The good news is that as science has advanced in its examination of

the mechanisms and causes of aging, we've gained information about

this mysterious but inevitable process. We now know that research into

the causes of aging has pinpointed the mitochondria as the major

source of free radicals.1,2

What are mitochondria?

Mitochondria are the energy producing structures inside cells that

enable them to function and repair and maintain themselves. In many

ways, mitochondria are like car engines. A cell cannot function

without mitochondria and a car cannot function without an engine. A

car may look great on the outside and have a lousy engine. Inevitably,

though, the car will end up in the shop more often than it is on the road.

 

Likewise, a human body with aging mitochondria will lose its ability

to stay young and healthy…because those mitochondria will negatively

affect the cells that make up tissues and organs, resulting in a

slowing down of the entire system.

 

But just as you can give new life to the car by rebuilding its engine,

it's possible to rejuvenate mitochondria and cellular health.

 

Recent scientific discoveries have revealed the role that

deteriorating mitochondria play in the life and death of cells and

organisms in the process of aging. Even more exciting is the discovery

of the first effective nutritional supplements that can revitalize the

mitochondria, thus strengthening our cells' ability to produce the

energy necessary for slowing or even reversing the effects of aging.

The Mitochondrial Theory of Aging

Mitochondria contain their own DNA, or genetic material, which is more

susceptible to damage than our cells' DNA. Additionally, mitochondria

play a major role in programmed cell death (apoptosis), which helps to

destroy damaged cells before they become either cancerous and/or less

able to deal with their own production of damaging free radicals.3

 

One of the biggest surprises about the fundamental role mitochondria

play in aging was a result of early cloning experiments. One study

done at Lund University, Sweden, showed that cloned sheep aged

prematurely because they inherited cells with aged, damaged mitochondria.4

 

We now know that research into the causes of aging has pinpointed the

mitochondria as the major source of free radicals.

The Free Radical Theory of Aging has evolved into the Mitochondrial

Theory of Aging

This theory states that over time mitochondria accumulate damage to

their own genetic material. This results in a progressive loss of the

amount of mitochondria capable of providing sufficient energy for the

optimal functioning of the cells. Ultimately, this leads to cell death

and aging.5,6

 

Not surprisingly, with the knowledge gained into mitochondrial aging

and its consequences, scientists have sought the means to protect and

rejuvenate mitochondrial functions as a potential anti-aging

treatment. Luckily, some major findings have shown that it is possible

to restore and maintain youthful energy production of mitochondria,

even in old animals, opening up a new chapter in humankind's endless

quest for an attainable " fountain of youth " .

Acetyl-L-Carnitine Supercharges Cellular Energy Production

Based on dozens of studies, we now know that Acetyl-L-Carnitine (ALC)

supercharges cellular energy production in order to maximize memory,

health, and longevity.

What is Acetyl-L-Carnitine?

Acetyl-L-Carnitine is an amino acid derivative that occurs naturally

in the body. It transports fats to the mitochondria and is also

available as a dietary supplement.

What does it do?

Over the course of 30 years of biochemical and clinical research,

we've learned that ALC is a natural metabolite in our physiology and

an effective treatment for age-related mental impairment. And just

recently, breakthrough research has indicated that ALC is an important

anti-aging nutrient!

 

Here's an overview of the important discoveries relating to ALC in the

past 30 years:

 

1970s

 

* ALC was found to increase acetycholine production in the brain,

which plays an important role in memory and brain function.

 

1980s

 

* Research definitively showed that ALC improved memory in animals

and people.

* After development of ALC as a pharmaceutical in Europe, numerous

studies confirmed the clinical effects of ALC on memory, while other

research was discovering that most of ALCs' effect was due to its

ability to improve mitochondrial function.

* By the late 1980's, it became apparent that the positive effects

of ALC in so many animal and human studies were far reaching. Many of

these studies showed that ALC could prevent or even reverse numerous

age-related deficiencies and changes in neurological function and

brain cell structure, including the prevention of nerve deterioration

and restoration of nerve function in areas of the brain critical to

memory.

 

1990s

 

* Human clinical research dramatically increased during this period.

* By the late 1990's, it became apparent that the vast amount of

different effects of ALC on neurotransmitters and brain cell health

likely had a common basis—the beneficial actions of ALC on the cells'

ability to maintain and restore mitochondrial function in spite of aging.

 

Coincidentally, at the same time these discoveries were taking place

all over the world, we were learning more and more about mitochondria

and their vital importance in health and aging.

The benefits of Acetyl-L-Carnitine supplementation

ALC has been shown to:

 

* Protect the brain from the effects of aging

* Improve performance in normal healthy humans7

* Improve cognition by enhancing the production of acetylcholine

* Delay the progression of Alzheimer's Disease and enhance overall

performance in some individuals with Alzheimer's Disease8,9

* Improve cerebral blood flow to the brain10,11

* Counteract depression in the elderly12

 

We've examined how it's possible to increase mitochondria function

with supplementation of Acetyl-L-Carnitine. But since we know that

mitochondria are also the source of free radical production, the

question remaining is this:

How is it possible to re-energize the mitochondria without increasing

free radical production?

Many of the damaging free radicals generated within cells are formed

in the mitochondria during energy production. As you restore their

energy producing capacity with ALC, a dramatic increase in free

radical activity follows.

 

This increases the amount of damage occurring within the cells and

reduces any long-term benefit. Thus, while the amazing properties of

ALC are truly a revolution in dietary supplements, the most desired

anti-aging strategy would be to restore mitochondria function AND

lower the level of free radical production coming from the mitochondria.

Reaping the full benefits of Acetyl-L-Carnitine

Recently, it was discovered that there are some antioxidants that

could partially restore mitochondrial function in old animals and

decrease free radical production at the same time, even when taken

together with ALC. Unfortunately, most of them are synthetic chemicals

that aren't safe for human consumption. All of them except one!

Luckily this natural antioxidant is very well researched and safe and

approved for human consumption.

 

Lipoic Acid's unique antioxidant and cellular protective properties

have been proven to slow down and reverse the aging process.

What is Lipoic Acid?

Lipoic Acid is produced by the body in trace amounts. It's a

vitamin-like compound, which is often called the " universal

antioxidant " . This is because, unlike most other antioxidants that

offer protection only for specific water-soluble or fat-soluble

environments, Lipoic Acid offers protection in both cellular

environments, providing antioxidant protection to all parts of our

cells and body.13

What's special about Lipoic Acid?

In the body, Lipoic Acid is converted to its reduced form,

DihydroLipoic Acid. DihydroLipoic Acid is a powerful antioxidant which

makes Lipoic Acid invaluable in recycling or restoring other oxidized

forms of antioxidants—including vitamin C, vitamin E, glutathione, and

CoQ10—back to their active states. Lipoic Acid also crosses cell

membranes and works as an antioxidant in both water and lipid parts of

the body, including the brain.14

Lipoic Acid's antioxidant benefits

Because of Lipoic Acid's unique abilities as a natural, broad-spectrum

antioxidant, research into its effects quickly branched out after its

development in Germany in the 1970s as a treatment for diabetic

complications. For this use Lipoic Acid has been found to be highly

effective and is routinely given to diabetics in Europe.

 

Some of the findings from this extensive research concluded that

Lipoic Acid has the potential to:

 

* Lower body levels of toxic metals, especially mercury.15

* Help prevent heart disease by protecting LDL cholesterol (bad

cholesterol) from oxidation by copper.16

* Promote brain and nerve cell health by stimulating Nerve Growth

Factor (NGF).17

 

But the most intriguing discovery was Lipoic Acid's anti-aging effects

in old animals. Lipoic Acid was also found to:

 

* Improve memory in aged animals by reversing age-related brain

cell receptor defects.18,19

* Protect brain cells from damage caused by toxins and chemicals.20

* Recycle CoQ10 back to its antioxidant form in the body. This

enhances its antioxidant protection.21

* Normalize elevated lipid peroxide levels in aged animals,

reducing the risk of oxidation damage, cardiovascular disease, and

cancer.22

* Restore antioxidant protection in old animals to normal, young

animal levels.22

 

Breakthrough research proves Lipoic Acid has the potential to reverse

some of the fundamental signs of aging and arrest degenerative conditions.

 

As you recall from our earlier discussion, an important factor in the

aging process is the deterioration of mitochondrial function. The

mitochondria are the powerhouses inside all cells. They produce the

energy that enables cells to function, repair, and maintain

themselves. As we age, mitochondria start to lose their ability to

efficiently generate energy, and since our energy comes from this

source within our cells, we begin to lose our energy. Therefore, our

remaining mitochondrial function becomes less efficient, and our

health begins to suffer.

 

The most exciting results from recent experiments done on aging

animals have shown that Lipoic Acid:

 

* Improves age-related hearing loss.23

* Increases tissue levels of nucleic acids and proteins, both of

which decrease with aging.24

* Restores mitochondrial and cellular antioxidant protection—which

are greatly diminished as a result of aging.25

* Prevents the toxicity of beta-amyloid peptide, a prime culprit

in the development of Alzheimer's Disease.26

 

While decades of research have shown Lipoic Acid to be a " universal

antioxidant " with expected beneficial effects, the discoveries that

Lipoic Acid can restore numerous biological functions that are

diminished with aging are truly unexpected.

 

If Lipoic Acid is indeed able to help preserve hearing, slow

Alzheimer's Disease, restore mitochondrial function, and exert its

powerful and unique antioxidant protection throughout the body, just

imagine the range of possibilities that this amazing nutrient can

offer all of us concerned with maintaining and preserving our health

as we age.

The breakthrough discovery of combining two power-packed nutrients...

Lipoic Acid and Acetyl-L-Carnitine:

Mitochondria Superchargers

 

Inevitably, with independent researchers working on the effects of

Acetyl-L-Carnitine and Lipoic Acid, it was only a matter of time

before someone would discover that the complementary actions of the

two nutrients go hand in hand, making them an ideal supplement to take

together.

 

Just recently, in February 2002, Dr. Bruce Ames and colleagues at the

University of California, Berkeley, published a series of

groundbreaking studies that show how:

 

Lipoic Acid and Acetyl-L-Carnitine work together to supercharge our

cells' mitochondria…so that we now have the capability to live a long,

productive life with energy to spare!

 

How do Lipoic Acid (LA) and Acetyl-L-Carnitine (ALC) work together?

 

The first studies to examine this relationship didn't even use the two

supplements together. Instead, it looked at the effects of taking them

individually. Both ALC and LA seem to work by improving mitochondria

function, but they differ in how they do it:

 

Acetyl-L-Carnitine (ALC) is more potent at restoring mitochondria

energy production. The problem is, it doesn't prevent the increase in

free radicals that accompanies the energy production. In the long run,

this increased free-radical production limits ALC's potential benefits

and will cause more damage to the cell and mitochondria.

 

Lipoic Acid (LA) is better at reducing cellular and mitochondria

free radical protection and has been shown to restore antioxidant

protection in old animals to the levels found in young animals.

 

However, scientists were interested in combining ALC and LA to see if

this combination would have powerful results. It did—and has now been

shown to be a breakthrough anti-aging dietary supplement!

 

In order to understand how the two supplements work together, it's

important to first understand how Lipoic Acid works.

The different forms of Lipoic Acid

Like many dietary supplements, Lipoic Acid exists in different forms.

In the body, Lipoic Acid is found only in its " R " form. Because only

tiny quantities of Lipoic Acid are found naturally in animals and

plants, the form that has always been manufactured, researched and

sold is made synthetically and contains equal amounts of the " R " and

" S " forms.

 

Vitamin E is another example of a vitamin that's sold both in a

natural form and a synthetic form. While the natural and synthetic

forms are mirror images of each other and usually have similar

functions in the body, they can differ in their biological actions.

For example, it is now known that natural vitamin E is utilized by the

body more efficiently than synthetic vitamin E, even though they both

have the same antioxidant power. Early on in Lipoic research, it

became apparent that the natural and synthetic forms of Lipoic Acid

did have different effects in the body.

 

Think of it this way: you can't fit your right hand into a left-handed

glove. If you wore your gloves on the wrong hands, you wouldn't be

able to function normally-simply because the gloves wouldn't fit.

 

The same thing happens in the body. Your body will not accept a

left-handed compound to do the job a right-handed one is designed to

do, and vice versa. A compound that's the wrong shape cannot work as

well in your body as one that's the right shape. And the right shape

is the one that the body recognizes and fully utilizes.

Natural Lipoic Acid vs. Synthetic Lipoic Acid

For years, the manufacturers of nutritional supplements and

pharmaceuticals have produced a synthetic form of Lipoic Acid. The

vast majority of research in the past 30 years has used this synthetic

form, and this is the type of Lipoic Acid used as a pharmaceutical in

Europe to prevent and treat nerve damage in diabetics.

 

The synthetic form contains both R and S Lipoic Acid. However it was

discovered that in enhancing glucose uptake, all the activity was

found only in the natural R form of LA, and the S form could actually

INHIBIT glucose uptake.

 

The synthetic form of LA containing both R and S Lipoic Acid had a

beneficial effect, but not as much as the R form alone. Eventually,

pure R-Lipoic Acid became available to researchers, and scientists

discovered that it is a better form of the nutrient all around, which

makes it the logical choice as a dietary supplement. In fact, almost

all of the most recent studies on the anti-aging properties of Lipoic

Acid and Lipoic Acid/Acetyl-L-Carnitine have used only the R form of

Lipoic Acid.

The recent groundbreaking study of combining R-Lipoic Acid and

Acetyl-L-Carnitine

In the late 1990s, Dr. Bruce Ames and colleagues at the University of

California, Berkeley began examining the effects of combining R-Lipoic

Acid and Acetyl-L-Carnitine.

 

The researchers chose the natural R form of Lipoic Acid for these

studies because of previous research showing that it is more effective

at promoting energy production, chelating metals, preventing cataract

formation, and increasing glucose uptake into cells than synthetic LA.

This initial research set the stage for Dr. Ames' team to continue

with their groundbreaking studies which showed that the combination of

R-Lipoic Acid and Acetyl-L-Carnitine:

 

1. Could significantly improve mitochondrial function, but at the

same time lower oxidative stress and free radical generation 27

2. Could restore age-related dysfunction of a key mitochondria

enzyme used in energy production, while lowering free radical damage

and improving mitochondria function and energy production 28

3. Improved memory in old rats 29

 

These studies concluded that the combination of R- Lipoic Acid and

Acetyl-L-Carnitine is indeed complementary, raising mitochondria

function while lowering free radical production. A true breakthrough

in our quest for longevity enhancing nutritional supplements!

 

Thus, it appears that the combination of R-LA and ALC may be the first

nutritional supplement proven to significantly reverse signs of aging

on a molecular level. While scientists have many years ahead of themto

determine the exact mechanisms of how ALC and LA work their magic, the

combination of these nutritional supplements is available today for

everyone who wants to keep their dietary supplement program at the

cutting edge of nutrition and anti-aging research—for everyone who

wants to live long and live better!

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