Guest guest Posted September 7, 2004 Report Share Posted September 7, 2004 To call this an underreported area would be a great understatement. This is only the tip of the tip of an iceberg. F. > Misty <misty3 > Mon, 06 Sep 2004 14:29:36 +1200 > A History of Secret > Human Experimentation > > > Source: > HEALTH NEWS NETWORK > http://tinyurl.com/5enus > > A History of Secret Human Experimentation > http://tinyurl.com/498x3 > > 1931 Dr. Cornelius Rhoads, under the auspices of > the Rockefeller > Institute for Medical Investigations, infects human > subjects with cancer > cells. He later goes on to establish the U.S. Army > Biological Warfare > facilities in Maryland, Utah, and Panama, and is > named to the U.S. > Atomic Energy Commission. While there, he begins a > series of radiation > exposure experiments on American soldiers and > civilian hospital > patients. > > 1932 The Tuskegee Syphilis Study begins. 200 black > men diagnosed with > syphilis are never told of their illness, are denied > treatment, and > instead are used as human guinea pigs in order to > follow the progression > and symptoms of the disease. They all subsequently > die from syphilis, > their families never told that they could have been > treated. > > 1935 The Pellagra Incident. After millions of > individuals die from > Pellagra over a span of two decades, the U.S. Public > Health Service > finally acts to stem the disease. The director of > the agency admits it > had known for at least 20 years that Pellagra is > caused by a niacin > deficiency but failed to act since most of the > deaths occured within > poverty-striken black populations. > > 1940 Four hundred prisoners in Chicago are infected > with Malaria in > order to study the effects of new and experimental > drugs to combat the > disease. Nazi doctors later on trial at Nuremberg > cite this American > study to defend their own actions during the > Holocaust. > > 1942 Chemical Warfare Services begins mustard gas > experiments on > approximately 4,000 servicemen. The experiments > continue until 1945 and > made use of Seventh Day Adventists who chose to > become human guinea pigs > rather than serve on active duty. > > 1943 In response to Japan's full-scale germ warfare > program, the U.S. > begins research on biological weapons at Fort > Detrick, MD. > > 1944 U.S. Navy uses human subjects to test gas masks > and clothing. > Individuals were locked in a gas chamber and exposed > to mustard gas and > lewisite. > > 1945 Project Paperclip is initiated. The U.S. State > Department, Army > intelligence, and the CIA recruit Nazi scientists > and offer them > immunity and secret identities in exchange for work > on top secret > government projects in the United States. > > 1945 " Program F " is implemented by the U.S. Atomic > Energy Commission > (AEC). This is the most extensive U.S. study of the > health effects of > fluoride, which was the key chemical component in > atomic bomb > production. One of the most toxic chemicals known to > man, fluoride, it > is found, causes marked adverse effects to the > central nervous system > but much of the information is squelched in the name > of national > security because of fear that lawsuits would > undermine full-scale > production of atomic bombs. > > 1946 Patients in VA hospitals are used as guinea > pigs for medical > experiments. In order to allay suspicions, the order > is given to change > the word " experiments " to " investigations " or > " observations " whenever > reporting a medical study performed in one of the > nation's veteran's > hospitals. > > 1947 Colonel E.E. Kirkpatrick of the U.S. Atomic > Energy Comission > issues a secret document (Document 07075001, January > 8, 1947) stating > that the agency will begin administering intravenous > doses of > radioactive substances to human subjects. > > 1947 The CIA begins its study of LSD as a potential > weapon for use by > American intelligence. Human subjects (both civilian > and military) are > used with and without their knowledge. > > 1950 Department of Defense begins plans to detonate > nuclear weapons in > desert areas and monitor downwind residents for > medical problems and > mortality rates. > > 1950 In an experiment to determine how susceptible > an American city > would be to biological attack, the U.S. Navy sprays > a cloud of bacteria > from ships over San Franciso. Monitoring devices are > situated throughout > the city in order to test the extent of infection. > Many residents become > ill with pneumonia-like symptoms. > > 1951 Department of Defense begins open air tests > using > disease-producing bacteria and viruses. Tests last > through 1969 and > there is concern that people in the surrounding > areas have been exposed. > > 1953 U.S. military releases clouds of zinc cadmium > sulfide gas over > Winnipeg, St. Louis, Minneapolis, Fort Wayne, the > Monocacy River Valley > in Maryland, and Leesburg, Virginia. Their intent is > to determine how > efficiently they could disperse chemical agents. > > 1953 Joint Army-Navy-CIA experiments are conducted > in which tens of > thousands of people in New York and San Francisco > are exposed to the > airborne germs Serratia marcescens and Bacillus > glogigii. > > 1953 CIA initiates Project MKULTRA. This is an > eleven year research > program designed to produce and test drugs and > biological agents that > would be used for mind control and behavior > modification. Six of the > subprojects involved testing the agents on unwitting > human beings. > > 1955 The CIA, in an experiment to test its ability > to infect human > populations with biological agents, releases a > bacteria withdrawn from > the Army's biological warfare arsenal over Tampa > Bay, Fl. > > 1955 Army Chemical Corps continues LSD research, > studying its potential > use as a chemical incapacitating agent. More than > 1,000 Americans > participate in the tests, which continue until 1958. > > 1956 U.S. military releases mosquitoes infected > with Yellow Fever over > Savannah, Ga and Avon Park, Fl. Following each test, > Army agents posing > as public health officials test victims for effects. > > 1958 LSD is tested on 95 volunteers at the Army's > Chemical Warfare > Laboratories for its effect on intelligence. > > 1960 The Army Assistant Chief-of-Staff for > Intelligence (ACSI) > authorizes field testing of LSD in Europe and the > Far East. Testing of > the european population is code named Project THIRD > CHANCE; testing of > the Asian population is code named Project DERBY > HAT. > > 1965 Project CIA and Department of Defense begin > Project MKSEARCH, a > program to develop a capability to manipulate human > behavior through the > use of mind-altering drugs. > > 1965 Prisoners at the Holmesburg State Prison in > Philadelphia are > subjected to dioxin, the highly toxic chemical > component of Agent Orange > used in Viet Nam. The men are later studied for > development of cancer, > which indicates that Agent Orange had been a > suspected carcinogen all > along. > > 1966 CIA initiates Project MKOFTEN, a program to > test the toxicological > effects of certain drugs on humans and animals. > > 1966 U.S. Army dispenses Bacillus subtilis variant > niger throughout the > New York City subway system. More than a million > civilians are exposed > when army scientists drop lightbulbs filled with the > bacteria onto > ventilation grates. > > 1967 CIA and Department of Defense implement > Project MKNAOMI, successor > to MKULTRA and designed to maintain, stockpile and > test biological and > chemical weapons. > > 1968 CIA experiments with the possibility of > poisoning drinking water > by injecting chemicals into the water supply of the > FDA in Washington, > D.C. > > 1969 Dr. Robert MacMahan of the Department of > Defense requests from > congress $10 million to develop, within 5 to 10 > years, a synthetic > biological agent to which no natural immunity > exists. > > 1970 Funding for the synthetic biological agent is > obtained under H.R. > 15090. The project, under the supervision of the > CIA, is carried out by > the Special Operations Division at Fort Detrick, the > army's top secret > biological weapons facility. Speculation is raised > that molecular > biology techniques are used to produce AIDS-like > retroviruses. > > 1970 United States intensifies its development of > " ethnic weapons " > (Military Review, Nov., 1970), designed to > selectively target and > eliminate specific ethnic groups who are susceptible > due to genetic > differences and variations in DNA. > > 1975 The virus section of Fort Detrick's Center for > Biological Warfare > Research is renamed the Fredrick Cancer Research > Facilities and placed > under the supervision of the National Cancer > Institute (NCI) . It is > here that a special virus cancer program is > initiated by the U.S. Navy, > purportedly to develop cancer-causing viruses. It is > also here that > retrovirologists isolate a virus to which no > immunity exists. It is > later named HTLV (Human T-cell Leukemia Virus). > > 1977 Senate hearings on Health and Scientific > Research confirm that 239 > populated areas had been contaminated with > biological agents between > 1949 and 1969. Some of the areas included San > Francisco, Washington, > D.C., Key West, Panama City, Minneapolis, and St. > Louis. > > 1978 Experimental Hepatitis B vaccine trials, > conducted by the CDC, > begin in New York, Los Angeles and San Francisco. > Ads for research > subjects specifically ask for promiscuous homosexual > men. > > 1981 First cases of AIDS are confirmed in > homosexual men in New York, > Los Angeles and San Francisco, triggering > speculation that AIDS may have > been introduced via the Hepatitis B vaccine > > 1985 According to the journal Science > (227:173-177), HTLV and VISNA, a > fatal sheep virus, are very similar, indicating a > close taxonomic and > evolutionary relationship. > > 1986 According to the Proceedings of the National > Academy of Sciences > (83:4007-4011), HIV and VISNA are highly similar and > share all > structural elements, except for a small segment > which is nearly > identical to HTLV. This leads to speculation that > HTLV and VISNA may > have been linked to produce a new retrovirus to > which no natural > immunity exists. > > 1986 A report to Congress reveals that the U.S. > Government's current > generation of biological agents includes: modified > viruses, naturally > occurring toxins, and agents that are altered > through genetic > engineering to change immunological character and > prevent treatment by > all existing vaccines. > > 1987 Department of Defense admits that, despite a > treaty banning > research and development of biological agents, it > continues to operate > research facilities at 127 facilities and > universities around the > nation. > > 1990 More than 1500 six-month old black and > hispanic babies in Los > Angeles are given an " experimental " measles vaccine > that had never been > licensed for use in the United States. CDC later > admits that parents > were never informed that the vaccine being injected > to their children > was experimental. > > 1994 With a technique called " gene tracking, " Dr. > Garth Nicolson at the > MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, TX discovers > that many returning > Desert Storm veterans are infected with an altered > strain of Mycoplasma > incognitus, a microbe commonly used in the > production of biological > weapons. Incorporated into its molecular structure > is 40 percent of the > HIV protein coat, indicating that it had been > man-made. > > 1994 Senator John D. Rockefeller issues a report > revealing that for at > least 50 years the Department of Defense has used > hundreds of thousands > of military personnel in human experiments and for > intentional exposure > to dangerous substances. Materials included mustard > and nerve gas, > ionizing radiation, psychochemicals, hallucinogens, > and drugs used > during the Gulf War . > > 1995 U.S. Government admits that it had offered > Japanese war criminals > and scientists who had performed human medical > experiments salaries and > immunity from prosecution in exchange for data on > biological warfare > research. > > 1995 Dr. Garth Nicolson, uncovers evidence that the > biological agents > used during the Gulf War had been manufactured in > Houston, TX and Boca > Raton, Fl and tested on prisoners in the Texas > Department of > Corrections. > > 1996 Department of Defense admits that Desert Storm > soldiers were > exposed to chemical agents. > > 1997 Eighty-eight members of Congress sign a letter > demanding an > investigation into bioweapons use & Gulf War > Syndrome. > > © 1998-2000 Health News Network Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
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