A History of Secret Human Experimentation

[Guest guest]

To call this an underreported area would be a great

understatement.

 

This is only the tip of the tip of an iceberg. F.

 

 

> Misty <misty3

> Mon, 06 Sep 2004 14:29:36 +1200

> A History of Secret

> Human Experimentation

>

>

 

> Source:

> HEALTH NEWS NETWORK

> http://tinyurl.com/5enus

>

> A History of Secret Human Experimentation

> http://tinyurl.com/498x3

>

> 1931 Dr. Cornelius Rhoads, under the auspices of

> the Rockefeller

> Institute for Medical Investigations, infects human

> subjects with cancer

> cells. He later goes on to establish the U.S. Army

> Biological Warfare

> facilities in Maryland, Utah, and Panama, and is

> named to the U.S.

> Atomic Energy Commission. While there, he begins a

> series of radiation

> exposure experiments on American soldiers and

> civilian hospital

> patients.

>

> 1932 The Tuskegee Syphilis Study begins. 200 black

> men diagnosed with

> syphilis are never told of their illness, are denied

> treatment, and

> instead are used as human guinea pigs in order to

> follow the progression

> and symptoms of the disease. They all subsequently

> die from syphilis,

> their families never told that they could have been

> treated.

>

> 1935 The Pellagra Incident. After millions of

> individuals die from

> Pellagra over a span of two decades, the U.S. Public

> Health Service

> finally acts to stem the disease. The director of

> the agency admits it

> had known for at least 20 years that Pellagra is

> caused by a niacin

> deficiency but failed to act since most of the

> deaths occured within

> poverty-striken black populations.

>

> 1940 Four hundred prisoners in Chicago are infected

> with Malaria in

> order to study the effects of new and experimental

> drugs to combat the

> disease. Nazi doctors later on trial at Nuremberg

> cite this American

> study to defend their own actions during the

> Holocaust.

>

> 1942 Chemical Warfare Services begins mustard gas

> experiments on

> approximately 4,000 servicemen. The experiments

> continue until 1945 and

> made use of Seventh Day Adventists who chose to

> become human guinea pigs

> rather than serve on active duty.

>

> 1943 In response to Japan's full-scale germ warfare

> program, the U.S.

> begins research on biological weapons at Fort

> Detrick, MD.

>

> 1944 U.S. Navy uses human subjects to test gas masks

> and clothing.

> Individuals were locked in a gas chamber and exposed

> to mustard gas and

> lewisite.

>

> 1945 Project Paperclip is initiated. The U.S. State

> Department, Army

> intelligence, and the CIA recruit Nazi scientists

> and offer them

> immunity and secret identities in exchange for work

> on top secret

> government projects in the United States.

>

> 1945 " Program F " is implemented by the U.S. Atomic

> Energy Commission

> (AEC). This is the most extensive U.S. study of the

> health effects of

> fluoride, which was the key chemical component in

> atomic bomb

> production. One of the most toxic chemicals known to

> man, fluoride, it

> is found, causes marked adverse effects to the

> central nervous system

> but much of the information is squelched in the name

> of national

> security because of fear that lawsuits would

> undermine full-scale

> production of atomic bombs.

>

> 1946 Patients in VA hospitals are used as guinea

> pigs for medical

> experiments. In order to allay suspicions, the order

> is given to change

> the word " experiments " to " investigations " or

> " observations " whenever

> reporting a medical study performed in one of the

> nation's veteran's

> hospitals.

>

> 1947 Colonel E.E. Kirkpatrick of the U.S. Atomic

> Energy Comission

> issues a secret document (Document 07075001, January

> 8, 1947) stating

> that the agency will begin administering intravenous

> doses of

> radioactive substances to human subjects.

>

> 1947 The CIA begins its study of LSD as a potential

> weapon for use by

> American intelligence. Human subjects (both civilian

> and military) are

> used with and without their knowledge.

>

> 1950 Department of Defense begins plans to detonate

> nuclear weapons in

> desert areas and monitor downwind residents for

> medical problems and

> mortality rates.

>

> 1950 In an experiment to determine how susceptible

> an American city

> would be to biological attack, the U.S. Navy sprays

> a cloud of bacteria

> from ships over San Franciso. Monitoring devices are

> situated throughout

> the city in order to test the extent of infection.

> Many residents become

> ill with pneumonia-like symptoms.

>

> 1951 Department of Defense begins open air tests

> using

> disease-producing bacteria and viruses. Tests last

> through 1969 and

> there is concern that people in the surrounding

> areas have been exposed.

>

> 1953 U.S. military releases clouds of zinc cadmium

> sulfide gas over

> Winnipeg, St. Louis, Minneapolis, Fort Wayne, the

> Monocacy River Valley

> in Maryland, and Leesburg, Virginia. Their intent is

> to determine how

> efficiently they could disperse chemical agents.

>

> 1953 Joint Army-Navy-CIA experiments are conducted

> in which tens of

> thousands of people in New York and San Francisco

> are exposed to the

> airborne germs Serratia marcescens and Bacillus

> glogigii.

>

> 1953 CIA initiates Project MKULTRA. This is an

> eleven year research

> program designed to produce and test drugs and

> biological agents that

> would be used for mind control and behavior

> modification. Six of the

> subprojects involved testing the agents on unwitting

> human beings.

>

> 1955 The CIA, in an experiment to test its ability

> to infect human

> populations with biological agents, releases a

> bacteria withdrawn from

> the Army's biological warfare arsenal over Tampa

> Bay, Fl.

>

> 1955 Army Chemical Corps continues LSD research,

> studying its potential

> use as a chemical incapacitating agent. More than

> 1,000 Americans

> participate in the tests, which continue until 1958.

>

> 1956 U.S. military releases mosquitoes infected

> with Yellow Fever over

> Savannah, Ga and Avon Park, Fl. Following each test,

> Army agents posing

> as public health officials test victims for effects.

>

> 1958 LSD is tested on 95 volunteers at the Army's

> Chemical Warfare

> Laboratories for its effect on intelligence.

>

> 1960 The Army Assistant Chief-of-Staff for

> Intelligence (ACSI)

> authorizes field testing of LSD in Europe and the

> Far East. Testing of

> the european population is code named Project THIRD

> CHANCE; testing of

> the Asian population is code named Project DERBY

> HAT.

>

> 1965 Project CIA and Department of Defense begin

> Project MKSEARCH, a

> program to develop a capability to manipulate human

> behavior through the

> use of mind-altering drugs.

>

> 1965 Prisoners at the Holmesburg State Prison in

> Philadelphia are

> subjected to dioxin, the highly toxic chemical

> component of Agent Orange

> used in Viet Nam. The men are later studied for

> development of cancer,

> which indicates that Agent Orange had been a

> suspected carcinogen all

> along.

>

> 1966 CIA initiates Project MKOFTEN, a program to

> test the toxicological

> effects of certain drugs on humans and animals.

>

> 1966 U.S. Army dispenses Bacillus subtilis variant

> niger throughout the

> New York City subway system. More than a million

> civilians are exposed

> when army scientists drop lightbulbs filled with the

> bacteria onto

> ventilation grates.

>

> 1967 CIA and Department of Defense implement

> Project MKNAOMI, successor

> to MKULTRA and designed to maintain, stockpile and

> test biological and

> chemical weapons.

>

> 1968 CIA experiments with the possibility of

> poisoning drinking water

> by injecting chemicals into the water supply of the

> FDA in Washington,

> D.C.

>

> 1969 Dr. Robert MacMahan of the Department of

> Defense requests from

> congress $10 million to develop, within 5 to 10

> years, a synthetic

> biological agent to which no natural immunity

> exists.

>

> 1970 Funding for the synthetic biological agent is

> obtained under H.R.

> 15090. The project, under the supervision of the

> CIA, is carried out by

> the Special Operations Division at Fort Detrick, the

> army's top secret

> biological weapons facility. Speculation is raised

> that molecular

> biology techniques are used to produce AIDS-like

> retroviruses.

>

> 1970 United States intensifies its development of

> " ethnic weapons "

> (Military Review, Nov., 1970), designed to

> selectively target and

> eliminate specific ethnic groups who are susceptible

> due to genetic

> differences and variations in DNA.

>

> 1975 The virus section of Fort Detrick's Center for

> Biological Warfare

> Research is renamed the Fredrick Cancer Research

> Facilities and placed

> under the supervision of the National Cancer

> Institute (NCI) . It is

> here that a special virus cancer program is

> initiated by the U.S. Navy,

> purportedly to develop cancer-causing viruses. It is

> also here that

> retrovirologists isolate a virus to which no

> immunity exists. It is

> later named HTLV (Human T-cell Leukemia Virus).

>

> 1977 Senate hearings on Health and Scientific

> Research confirm that 239

> populated areas had been contaminated with

> biological agents between

> 1949 and 1969. Some of the areas included San

> Francisco, Washington,

> D.C., Key West, Panama City, Minneapolis, and St.

> Louis.

>

> 1978 Experimental Hepatitis B vaccine trials,

> conducted by the CDC,

> begin in New York, Los Angeles and San Francisco.

> Ads for research

> subjects specifically ask for promiscuous homosexual

> men.

>

> 1981 First cases of AIDS are confirmed in

> homosexual men in New York,

> Los Angeles and San Francisco, triggering

> speculation that AIDS may have

> been introduced via the Hepatitis B vaccine

>

> 1985 According to the journal Science

> (227:173-177), HTLV and VISNA, a

> fatal sheep virus, are very similar, indicating a

> close taxonomic and

> evolutionary relationship.

>

> 1986 According to the Proceedings of the National

> Academy of Sciences

> (83:4007-4011), HIV and VISNA are highly similar and

> share all

> structural elements, except for a small segment

> which is nearly

> identical to HTLV. This leads to speculation that

> HTLV and VISNA may

> have been linked to produce a new retrovirus to

> which no natural

> immunity exists.

>

> 1986 A report to Congress reveals that the U.S.

> Government's current

> generation of biological agents includes: modified

> viruses, naturally

> occurring toxins, and agents that are altered

> through genetic

> engineering to change immunological character and

> prevent treatment by

> all existing vaccines.

>

> 1987 Department of Defense admits that, despite a

> treaty banning

> research and development of biological agents, it

> continues to operate

> research facilities at 127 facilities and

> universities around the

> nation.

>

> 1990 More than 1500 six-month old black and

> hispanic babies in Los

> Angeles are given an " experimental " measles vaccine

> that had never been

> licensed for use in the United States. CDC later

> admits that parents

> were never informed that the vaccine being injected

> to their children

> was experimental.

>

> 1994 With a technique called " gene tracking, " Dr.

> Garth Nicolson at the

> MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, TX discovers

> that many returning

> Desert Storm veterans are infected with an altered

> strain of Mycoplasma

> incognitus, a microbe commonly used in the

> production of biological

> weapons. Incorporated into its molecular structure

> is 40 percent of the

> HIV protein coat, indicating that it had been

> man-made.

>

> 1994 Senator John D. Rockefeller issues a report

> revealing that for at

> least 50 years the Department of Defense has used

> hundreds of thousands

> of military personnel in human experiments and for

> intentional exposure

> to dangerous substances. Materials included mustard

> and nerve gas,

> ionizing radiation, psychochemicals, hallucinogens,

> and drugs used

> during the Gulf War .

>

> 1995 U.S. Government admits that it had offered

> Japanese war criminals

> and scientists who had performed human medical

> experiments salaries and

> immunity from prosecution in exchange for data on

> biological warfare

> research.

>

> 1995 Dr. Garth Nicolson, uncovers evidence that the

> biological agents

> used during the Gulf War had been manufactured in

> Houston, TX and Boca

> Raton, Fl and tested on prisoners in the Texas

> Department of

> Corrections.

>

> 1996 Department of Defense admits that Desert Storm

> soldiers were

> exposed to chemical agents.

>

> 1997 Eighty-eight members of Congress sign a letter

> demanding an

> investigation into bioweapons use & Gulf War

> Syndrome.

>

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