Guest guest Posted June 4, 2004 Report Share Posted June 4, 2004 NOTES ON A TALK GIVEN BY ROY NIXON TO PSA NORTH WEST ON NUTRITION AND PROSTATE CANCER ON 20.01.01 AT LEEDS I began my talk by reminding the audience that I am not medically qualified and that it is important to work in partnership with their doctors. We looked at some of the possible reasons why men develop prostate cancer. The reasons are, of course many and varied and no one has a definitive answer. Here are some of the reasons that are frequently suggested. Aging We know that the number of men under the age of 60 receiving a diagnosis of prostate cancer has increased and continues to do so. Biopsies show latent prostate cancer in men as young as 20 are fairly frequently discovered. Microscopic traces of prostate cancer are present in 30% of men in their 50s and 70% in their 80s. Race There are differences in the incidence of prostate cancer in geographical areas and in ethnic make-up. The risks are higher in North America and Europe and lower in China and Japan. African /American men are more likely to develop prostate cancer than white American men, more likely to develop it at a younger age and more likely to develop metastatic spread. I asked people to consider the following questions as we progress with the talk. " Is there a genetic predisposition among certain races? " and " Is it to do with diet or other environmental factors? " Genetic Factors Those who have a father or brother who developed prostate cancer at an early age are 2-3 times more likely to develop it themselves. Those who have a father and a brother, or 2 brothers, with the disease at an early age have an even higher risk (slightly) of developing the disease. About 9% of all prostate cancer in the UK can be linked to genetic factors. Environment There is some evidence that men who work in the nuclear industry, or have been exposed to cadmium, may have an increased risk of developing prostate cancer. Men living in the South of USA are at greater risk than men living in the North and it is thought that this may be due to an increased level of ultra-violet rays. Diet There is no overall agreement about the effects of diet on prostate cancer, but there is a general acceptance that it may be an important factor. It seems that fats may be of particular importance. I will discuss this in greater detail at a later stage of the talk, but there are some contradictions that will become apparent as we progress. The incidence of prostate cancer in Asia is much lower than in the West. In Asian countries there appears to be a higher ingestion of vitamin A. I asked people to try to remember that when I discuss Beta-carotene later on. Asian men, living in Asia, also tend to have a diet rich in phyto-oestrogens. These are plant substances that imitate animal oestrogen and are found in soya beans. Recent research in the USA suggests that there may be an increased risk of developing active prostate cancer in areas of low, or no selenium in the soil. It would appear, therefore, that selenium may be an important factor. The UK is an area that has very little selenium in its soil, probably because of the high rainfall and soil erosion. There is also a suggestion that vitamin E is of great importance. Hormones Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone are essential for healthy prostate growth. However, it also appears to play a part in the development of prostate cancer. (In fact dihydrotestosterone is thought to be more potent in 'feeding' prostate cancer than testosterone.) Men who have been castrated in their youth almost never get the disease. There appear to be a correlation between a raised enzyme (5alpha-reductase) and the development of prostate cancer. 5alpha-reductase is involved with the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone. Researchers are still looking at the precise role of hormones and the development of prostate cancer. Sexual behaviour It has been suggested that men who develop prostate cancer have higher levels of testosterone than other men and are therefore likely to be more sexually active. It has also been suggested that men who become sexually active at an early age (whatever that is?) or develop a sexually transmitted disease are at greater risk. I have not been able to find any conclusive evidence, although there does appear to be a high correlation between high levels of testosterone and prostate cancer, and men who produce high levels of testosterone are likely to have a strong sexual appetite. Vasectomy It has been suggested that men who have a vasectomy are at greater risk. Again I know of no research that supports this. Diet revisited I then went on to talk in greater detail about diet. The incidence of active prostate cancer is lower in Asia than in the West. Death rates are 80% lower in Japan and parts of China, although it is predicted that these countries will see the largest increase as they move more and more towards a Western diet and lifestyle. It is known that when Japanese men move to the West they are just as likely to develop active prostate cancer as Western men. It is also known that Japanese men living in Japan are equally likely to develop latent (slow growing) prostate cancer, but metastatic spread (secondary spread) is less likely. The main difference between Japanese men and Western men, in this respect seems to be in the levels of fat consumption. In the West we get most of our fat through animal products like meat, cheese, milk, eggs and also through fried foods and salad dressings. In Japan fat is more likely to come from fish, rice and beans. What is less clear is whether it is the type, or amount of fat that is the crucial factor. Two pieces of research may help to clear this up. One involved 50,000 health care professionals and the other involved 15,000 doctors. Surprisingly they both found no apparent association between dietary fat and the risk of developing prostate cancer. What they did find, however, was that there was an increased risk of metastatic spread amongst those who ate most animal fats. One study in particular by E Giovannucu and his colleagues,(1) found that the greatest risk of spread was from those who had the highest concentrations of alpha-linolenic acid. This is a polyunsaturated oil found in many vegetable cooking oils. It is particularly high in flaxseed oil, which is often recommended to men with prostate cancer by nutritional experts. You must make up your own mind whether to use it or not. The second study, by P.Gann et al, (2) showed that the fatty acid stearic acid appeared to be associated with a 70% reduction of risk. As far as I know stearic acid is only found in cocoa butter and is high in plain, dark chocolate that contains no milk. I eat organic plain chocolate, although as with everything else, it is possible to have too much of a good thing! Red meat We all need essential fatty acids in order to maintain good health. The fatty acids that you are probably most aware of are omega 3 and omega 6. Most health food shops sell capsules containing these essential fatty acids. A friend who is an oncologist in the USA (Dr Charles " Snuffy " Myers) tells me that it is very uncommon for an adult on an average American diet to become deficient in fatty acid. Too much of a certain kind of fatty acid (omega 6) can make you ill, but it is thought that omega 3 fatty acids derived from fish oils may be beneficial. Risk Factors Meat - especially red meat Dairy fat Eggs - especially the yolk Salad dressings. Animal fats Arachidonic Acid - Present in all meat and dairy products. This fatty acid has been shown to produce an increase in prostate cancer growth by stimulating an increase in cancer cell blood vessels. It can also cause damage to the immune system. Humans can also make our own arachidonic acid, and the most efficient way of doing this is by converting another essential fatty acid called linoleic acid to arachidonic acid. Linoleic acid is present in all plant oils, but particularly high in flaxseed oil. Vegans have been found to have between 10% and 30% less arachidonic acid present than meat eaters and this seems to suggest that we can reduce our levels of arachidonic acid by considerably reducing, or eliminating meat and animal fat products. This is bad news for people who are big meat eaters! Hormones revisited Arachidonic acid has been shown to convert to the following hormones: 5-HETE; 12-HETE and PGE2 (prostaglandin) These are known to be made by prostate cancer cells and play a role in the spread of the disease. Arachidonic acid stimulates the ability of prostate cancer cells to move and invade. This process requires the conversion of arachidonic acid to the hormone 12-HETE. In 1995 Jagat Ghosh and Charles Myers (3) did an experiment with some prostate cancer cells. They placed the cells in salt water and within 24 hours they died. When they added arachidonic acid the cancer cells were able to survive and grow. They discovered that 5-HETE played an important part in this process. When they blocked the formation of 5-HETE the cells died within a few hours. They concluded that the hormone 5-HETE switches off the 'suicide' mechanism of cells and that when they deprived the cells of 5-HETE the 'suicide' mechanism became deactivated. I ended my talk by talking about the importance of the minerals selenium and zinc, and the antioxidants vitamins A; C and E in the elimination of free radicals, but mentioned that a Finnish study had thrown some doubt on the benefits of beta-carotene, which converts to vitamin A. I pointed out, however, that all the people involved in this study were smokers and that this may have made a significant difference to the outcome. It may be too soon to conclude that beta-carotene is not a helpful antioxidant for men with prostate cancer. Vitamin E appears to be a very effective antioxidant for men with prostate cancer. In a very large study of men who were smokers in Finland, carried out by Vanrijn and Vandenberg, (4) men who were given vitamin E on its own were 32% less likely to develop prostate cancer and 41% less likely to die from the disease. It seems had to believe that vitamin E is only likely to be of value to smokers. Lycopene is another very important antioxidant that is found in tomatoes. It is the part of the tomato that allows it to turn red. Lycopene is thought to be beneficial for men with prostate cancer and is absorbed more easily if the tomatoes are cooked. Its benefit seems to be in interrupting the ability of blood vessel formation in cancer cells and tumours.Genistein is found in soya beans and again is thought to be beneficial in a similar way to lycopene. Vitamin D - the sunshine vitamin - is important for the absorption of calcium. Vitamin D3 may be of particular benefit to men who are on hormone therapy, but this is only available on prescription and many doctors in the UK remain unconvinced about its benefits. An increasing number of USA doctors are, however, prescribing it for their prostate cancer patients, along with a class of drugs called bisphosphenates. Together, these may reduce the risk of men who are on hormone therapy developing osteoporosis. The mineral selenium is thought to be very important and, as much of the food we eat is deficient in this mineral, the best source seems to be by supplement. There is a need to be careful not to take selenium in high levels and people should seek advice as to the safe level. Most health food stores sell selenium at levels of 100 and 200 microgrammes and the higher level is thought to be a maximum level for most people. Please tell your doctor if you are receiving treatment and taking selenium. Zinc Many people have asked about zinc over the past few weeks and months, so here is the latest information I have on it. Zinc is known to play a major part in the normal functioning of a healthy prostate. It has a key role in helping the prostate to manufacture citric acid, which is a major component of semen. Unfortunately, prostate cancer cells do not accumulate zinc and therefore do not make citric acid. This allows cells to generate increased energy, which in turn encourages prostate cancer cells to develop and spread. Interestingly, although zinc protects most cells from apoptosis (cell death) high levels of zinc have been shown to reduce the ability of cancer cells to create new blood vessels. It does this by causing a slight copper deficiency. Copper is necessary for the formation of new blood vessels. As cancer cells need a good supply of blood, reducing this can be beneficial. When prostate cells become malignant they stop accumulating zinc and levels drop by 80% - 90%. There is some evidence that the intake of zinc can reduce the risk of men developing prostate cancer. I eat a handful of pumpkin seeds, which are high in zinc, everyday. However I have no real idea of how much zinc I am actually getting and you may prefer to take a supplement in tablet form. I am not allowed to recommend an appropriate amount, but I am told that we can generally tolerate a dose somewhat higher than the RDA (recommended daily allowance.) Green Tea Many people have now heard about possible benefits from drinking green tea. The Mayo Clinic in the USA have done some research on this subject. What they discovered in their laboratory is that a polyphenol in the tea called epigallocatechin gallate (shortened to EPCg) had an impact on cancer cells, but did not harm healthy cells. It would seem that EPCg interacts with an enzyme called quinol oxidase (shortened to NOX). NOX is required for growth in normal and cancerous cells, but cancerous cells overproduce it. It would seem that green tea interacts with NOX (in the laboratory) and appears to play a part in blocking cell growth. It has been suggested that between 6 and 8 cups of green tea per day may be beneficial. Green tea tablets are also available from health food shops. We should always bear in mind that laboratory experiments do not always transfer successfully to the human body, but green tea may be helpful. Conclusion It would seem that the best diet would be one that contains little or no meat, lots of fruit and vegetables, particularly dark green vegetables such as broccoli, pasta, beans, garlic, tomatoes, grains and oats. Olive oil is the preferred oil. Please remember that you will be able to absorb the genistein in tomatoes more successfully if you cook them before eating. Those who eat a Mediterranean diet are said to have 50% fewer heart attacks and 60% fewer cancers -7- References: (1) E.Gioanucci, et al. 'A Prospective Study of Dietary Fat and Risk of Prostate Cancer'. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 85: 1571 - 1579, 1993. (2) P.Gann, et al. Prospective Study of Plasma Fatty Acids and Risk of Prostate Cancer'. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 86: 281 - 286, 1994. (3) J. Ghosh and Charles Myers. 'Arachidonic Acid Stimulates Prostate cancer Cell Growth: Critical Role of 5-Lipoxygenase' Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 235: 418 -423, 1997. (4) J. Vanrijn and J. Vandenberg. 'Flavonoids as Enhancers of X-ray-induced Cell Damage in Hepatoma Cells' Clinical Cancer Research 3: 1775 -1779, 1997. Roy Nixon http://www.yoogee.com/search/?lt=3 & q=5-HETE _________________ JoAnn Guest mrsjoguest DietaryTipsForHBP http://www.geocities.com/mrsjoguest The complete " Whole Body " Health line consists of the " AIM GARDEN TRIO " Ask About Health Professional Support Series: AIM Barleygreen " Wisdom of the Past, Food of the Future " http://www.geocities.com/mrsjoguest/AIM.html PLEASE READ THIS IMPORTANT DISCLAIMER We have made every effort to ensure that the information included in these pages is accurate. However, we make no guarantees nor can we assume any responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, product, or process discussed. Friends. 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Guest guest Posted June 4, 2004 Report Share Posted June 4, 2004 --- JoAnn, I found this article of particular interest owing to the fact that my best friend died of prostate cancer which spread to his bones - not a pretty sight !!! I have often pondered the question of frequency of ejaculations regarding the health of said gland. My friend was a very frequent ejaculator <g> and his trouble started in his early 60's from which he eventually died at 69. Another man I knew was celibate for approx. 40 years - he did have the usual prostate trouble of difficulty in urinating when he was in his late 60's for which he was successfully treated with a laser or hot wire - I can't remember which, but he didn't have cancer. I have asked many health/alternative/complimentary practitioners about 'flushing the prostate' and the consensus of opinion seems to be twice a week ... i.e. use it or lose it ! Ray. - JoAnn Guest ; DietaryTipsForHBP Friday, June 04, 2004 8:20 PM Nutrition & Prostate Cancer NOTES ON A TALK GIVEN BY ROY NIXON TO PSA NORTH WEST ON NUTRITION AND PROSTATE CANCER ON 20.01.01 AT LEEDS I began my talk by reminding the audience that I am not medically qualified and that it is important to work in partnership with their doctors. We looked at some of the possible reasons why men develop prostate cancer. The reasons are, of course many and varied and no one has a definitive answer. Here are some of the reasons that are frequently suggested. Aging We know that the number of men under the age of 60 receiving a diagnosis of prostate cancer has increased and continues to do so. Biopsies show latent prostate cancer in men as young as 20 are fairly frequently discovered. Microscopic traces of prostate cancer are present in 30% of men in their 50s and 70% in their 80s. Race There are differences in the incidence of prostate cancer in geographical areas and in ethnic make-up. The risks are higher in North America and Europe and lower in China and Japan. African /American men are more likely to develop prostate cancer than white American men, more likely to develop it at a younger age and more likely to develop metastatic spread. I asked people to consider the following questions as we progress with the talk. " Is there a genetic predisposition among certain races? " and " Is it to do with diet or other environmental factors? " Genetic Factors Those who have a father or brother who developed prostate cancer at an early age are 2-3 times more likely to develop it themselves. Those who have a father and a brother, or 2 brothers, with the disease at an early age have an even higher risk (slightly) of developing the disease. About 9% of all prostate cancer in the UK can be linked to genetic factors. Environment There is some evidence that men who work in the nuclear industry, or have been exposed to cadmium, may have an increased risk of developing prostate cancer. Men living in the South of USA are at greater risk than men living in the North and it is thought that this may be due to an increased level of ultra-violet rays. Diet There is no overall agreement about the effects of diet on prostate cancer, but there is a general acceptance that it may be an important factor. It seems that fats may be of particular importance. I will discuss this in greater detail at a later stage of the talk, but there are some contradictions that will become apparent as we progress. The incidence of prostate cancer in Asia is much lower than in the West. In Asian countries there appears to be a higher ingestion of vitamin A. I asked people to try to remember that when I discuss Beta-carotene later on. Asian men, living in Asia, also tend to have a diet rich in phyto-oestrogens. These are plant substances that imitate animal oestrogen and are found in soya beans. Recent research in the USA suggests that there may be an increased risk of developing active prostate cancer in areas of low, or no selenium in the soil. It would appear, therefore, that selenium may be an important factor. The UK is an area that has very little selenium in its soil, probably because of the high rainfall and soil erosion. There is also a suggestion that vitamin E is of great importance. Hormones Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone are essential for healthy prostate growth. However, it also appears to play a part in the development of prostate cancer. (In fact dihydrotestosterone is thought to be more potent in 'feeding' prostate cancer than testosterone.) Men who have been castrated in their youth almost never get the disease. There appear to be a correlation between a raised enzyme (5alpha-reductase) and the development of prostate cancer. 5alpha-reductase is involved with the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone. Researchers are still looking at the precise role of hormones and the development of prostate cancer. Sexual behaviour It has been suggested that men who develop prostate cancer have higher levels of testosterone than other men and are therefore likely to be more sexually active. It has also been suggested that men who become sexually active at an early age (whatever that is?) or develop a sexually transmitted disease are at greater risk. I have not been able to find any conclusive evidence, although there does appear to be a high correlation between high levels of testosterone and prostate cancer, and men who produce high levels of testosterone are likely to have a strong sexual appetite. Vasectomy It has been suggested that men who have a vasectomy are at greater risk. Again I know of no research that supports this. Diet revisited I then went on to talk in greater detail about diet. The incidence of active prostate cancer is lower in Asia than in the West. Death rates are 80% lower in Japan and parts of China, although it is predicted that these countries will see the largest increase as they move more and more towards a Western diet and lifestyle. It is known that when Japanese men move to the West they are just as likely to develop active prostate cancer as Western men. It is also known that Japanese men living in Japan are equally likely to develop latent (slow growing) prostate cancer, but metastatic spread (secondary spread) is less likely. The main difference between Japanese men and Western men, in this respect seems to be in the levels of fat consumption. In the West we get most of our fat through animal products like meat, cheese, milk, eggs and also through fried foods and salad dressings. In Japan fat is more likely to come from fish, rice and beans. What is less clear is whether it is the type, or amount of fat that is the crucial factor. Two pieces of research may help to clear this up. One involved 50,000 health care professionals and the other involved 15,000 doctors. Surprisingly they both found no apparent association between dietary fat and the risk of developing prostate cancer. What they did find, however, was that there was an increased risk of metastatic spread amongst those who ate most animal fats. One study in particular by E Giovannucu and his colleagues,(1) found that the greatest risk of spread was from those who had the highest concentrations of alpha-linolenic acid. This is a polyunsaturated oil found in many vegetable cooking oils. It is particularly high in flaxseed oil, which is often recommended to men with prostate cancer by nutritional experts. You must make up your own mind whether to use it or not. The second study, by P.Gann et al, (2) showed that the fatty acid stearic acid appeared to be associated with a 70% reduction of risk. As far as I know stearic acid is only found in cocoa butter and is high in plain, dark chocolate that contains no milk. I eat organic plain chocolate, although as with everything else, it is possible to have too much of a good thing! Red meat We all need essential fatty acids in order to maintain good health. The fatty acids that you are probably most aware of are omega 3 and omega 6. Most health food shops sell capsules containing these essential fatty acids. A friend who is an oncologist in the USA (Dr Charles " Snuffy " Myers) tells me that it is very uncommon for an adult on an average American diet to become deficient in fatty acid. Too much of a certain kind of fatty acid (omega 6) can make you ill, but it is thought that omega 3 fatty acids derived from fish oils may be beneficial. Risk Factors Meat - especially red meat Dairy fat Eggs - especially the yolk Salad dressings. Animal fats Arachidonic Acid - Present in all meat and dairy products. This fatty acid has been shown to produce an increase in prostate cancer growth by stimulating an increase in cancer cell blood vessels. It can also cause damage to the immune system. Humans can also make our own arachidonic acid, and the most efficient way of doing this is by converting another essential fatty acid called linoleic acid to arachidonic acid. Linoleic acid is present in all plant oils, but particularly high in flaxseed oil. Vegans have been found to have between 10% and 30% less arachidonic acid present than meat eaters and this seems to suggest that we can reduce our levels of arachidonic acid by considerably reducing, or eliminating meat and animal fat products. This is bad news for people who are big meat eaters! Hormones revisited Arachidonic acid has been shown to convert to the following hormones: 5-HETE; 12-HETE and PGE2 (prostaglandin) These are known to be made by prostate cancer cells and play a role in the spread of the disease. Arachidonic acid stimulates the ability of prostate cancer cells to move and invade. This process requires the conversion of arachidonic acid to the hormone 12-HETE. In 1995 Jagat Ghosh and Charles Myers (3) did an experiment with some prostate cancer cells. They placed the cells in salt water and within 24 hours they died. When they added arachidonic acid the cancer cells were able to survive and grow. They discovered that 5-HETE played an important part in this process. When they blocked the formation of 5-HETE the cells died within a few hours. They concluded that the hormone 5-HETE switches off the 'suicide' mechanism of cells and that when they deprived the cells of 5-HETE the 'suicide' mechanism became deactivated. I ended my talk by talking about the importance of the minerals selenium and zinc, and the antioxidants vitamins A; C and E in the elimination of free radicals, but mentioned that a Finnish study had thrown some doubt on the benefits of beta-carotene, which converts to vitamin A. I pointed out, however, that all the people involved in this study were smokers and that this may have made a significant difference to the outcome. It may be too soon to conclude that beta-carotene is not a helpful antioxidant for men with prostate cancer. Vitamin E appears to be a very effective antioxidant for men with prostate cancer. In a very large study of men who were smokers in Finland, carried out by Vanrijn and Vandenberg, (4) men who were given vitamin E on its own were 32% less likely to develop prostate cancer and 41% less likely to die from the disease. It seems had to believe that vitamin E is only likely to be of value to smokers. Lycopene is another very important antioxidant that is found in tomatoes. It is the part of the tomato that allows it to turn red. Lycopene is thought to be beneficial for men with prostate cancer and is absorbed more easily if the tomatoes are cooked. Its benefit seems to be in interrupting the ability of blood vessel formation in cancer cells and tumours.Genistein is found in soya beans and again is thought to be beneficial in a similar way to lycopene. Vitamin D - the sunshine vitamin - is important for the absorption of calcium. Vitamin D3 may be of particular benefit to men who are on hormone therapy, but this is only available on prescription and many doctors in the UK remain unconvinced about its benefits. An increasing number of USA doctors are, however, prescribing it for their prostate cancer patients, along with a class of drugs called bisphosphenates. Together, these may reduce the risk of men who are on hormone therapy developing osteoporosis. The mineral selenium is thought to be very important and, as much of the food we eat is deficient in this mineral, the best source seems to be by supplement. There is a need to be careful not to take selenium in high levels and people should seek advice as to the safe level. Most health food stores sell selenium at levels of 100 and 200 microgrammes and the higher level is thought to be a maximum level for most people. Please tell your doctor if you are receiving treatment and taking selenium. Zinc Many people have asked about zinc over the past few weeks and months, so here is the latest information I have on it. Zinc is known to play a major part in the normal functioning of a healthy prostate. It has a key role in helping the prostate to manufacture citric acid, which is a major component of semen. Unfortunately, prostate cancer cells do not accumulate zinc and therefore do not make citric acid. This allows cells to generate increased energy, which in turn encourages prostate cancer cells to develop and spread. Interestingly, although zinc protects most cells from apoptosis (cell death) high levels of zinc have been shown to reduce the ability of cancer cells to create new blood vessels. It does this by causing a slight copper deficiency. Copper is necessary for the formation of new blood vessels. As cancer cells need a good supply of blood, reducing this can be beneficial. When prostate cells become malignant they stop accumulating zinc and levels drop by 80% - 90%. There is some evidence that the intake of zinc can reduce the risk of men developing prostate cancer. I eat a handful of pumpkin seeds, which are high in zinc, everyday. However I have no real idea of how much zinc I am actually getting and you may prefer to take a supplement in tablet form. I am not allowed to recommend an appropriate amount, but I am told that we can generally tolerate a dose somewhat higher than the RDA (recommended daily allowance.) Green Tea Many people have now heard about possible benefits from drinking green tea. The Mayo Clinic in the USA have done some research on this subject. What they discovered in their laboratory is that a polyphenol in the tea called epigallocatechin gallate (shortened to EPCg) had an impact on cancer cells, but did not harm healthy cells. It would seem that EPCg interacts with an enzyme called quinol oxidase (shortened to NOX). NOX is required for growth in normal and cancerous cells, but cancerous cells overproduce it. It would seem that green tea interacts with NOX (in the laboratory) and appears to play a part in blocking cell growth. It has been suggested that between 6 and 8 cups of green tea per day may be beneficial. Green tea tablets are also available from health food shops. We should always bear in mind that laboratory experiments do not always transfer successfully to the human body, but green tea may be helpful. Conclusion It would seem that the best diet would be one that contains little or no meat, lots of fruit and vegetables, particularly dark green vegetables such as broccoli, pasta, beans, garlic, tomatoes, grains and oats. Olive oil is the preferred oil. Please remember that you will be able to absorb the genistein in tomatoes more successfully if you cook them before eating. Those who eat a Mediterranean diet are said to have 50% fewer heart attacks and 60% fewer cancers -7- References: (1) E.Gioanucci, et al. 'A Prospective Study of Dietary Fat and Risk of Prostate Cancer'. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 85: 1571 - 1579, 1993. (2) P.Gann, et al. Prospective Study of Plasma Fatty Acids and Risk of Prostate Cancer'. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 86: 281 - 286, 1994. (3) J. Ghosh and Charles Myers. 'Arachidonic Acid Stimulates Prostate cancer Cell Growth: Critical Role of 5-Lipoxygenase' Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 235: 418 -423, 1997. (4) J. Vanrijn and J. Vandenberg. 'Flavonoids as Enhancers of X-ray-induced Cell Damage in Hepatoma Cells' Clinical Cancer Research 3: 1775 -1779, 1997. Roy Nixon http://www.yoogee.com/search/?lt=3 & q=5-HETE _________________ JoAnn Guest mrsjoguest DietaryTipsForHBP http://www.geocities.com/mrsjoguest Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
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