Sinfully Sweet??

[Guest guest]

Sinfully Sweet?

 

http://kefir.net/spray/sinfullysweet.htm

 

The herb stevia is natural, sweeter than sugar -- and has no calories. People

enjoy it around the world. Why won't the FDA let you?

New Age Journal, Jan/Feb 1996

by Linda and Bill Bonvie

 

 

 

 

 

 

While classified as a civil action, " the United States of America vs. forty

cardboard boxes " had all the trappings of a big-time drug bust. It took place on

a summer day in 1991, when a bevy of armed federal marshals raided the

Arlington, Texas, warehouse of businessman Oscar Rodes, served him with a

warrant, and proceeded to seize his most recent shipment.

" They didn't give me any advance notice or anything, " Rodes recalls. " They came

in my office in the warehouse, and that's when they showed me the papers " and

" took everything away. " Rodes himself was not taken into custody. The arrest

warrant was for the boxes he had just imported from South America, which

contained some dried leaves and a white powder extracted from them.

 

" They just asked me to open the warehouse door, and they backed up the truck and

loaded it up, " he recalls. " They said they were going to burn it. I was

surprised-all the marshals, ready to go and take away my teas. "

 

All this fuss over tea? Well, not just any tea. What Rodes had imported was

stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni), an herb as remarkable as it is unknown in

the United States. A perennial shrub of the aster family, stevia contains

natural compounds-specifically, stevioside and rebaudioside A-that are estimated

to be 150 to 400 times sweeter than sugar. Advocates claim that the herb also

offers a host of health benefits, and is even a tonic for the skin. But here's

the clincher: Stevia sweetens without calories. While it tastes sweeter than

honey, it's about as fattening as water.

 

Used for centuries in parts of South America, stevia has been discovered in

recent years by much of the calorie-conscious modern world. It is now widely-and

legally-consumed by millions of people, from the plant's native Paraguay and

Brazil to South Korea, Israel, and the People's Republic of China. But no

country has done more to demonstrate stevia's dietary and economic potential

than Japan, where the herb and its extracts have been used since the 1970s.

The Japanese, having subjected stevia extract to extensive safety testing and

found it without health risk, now incorporate it in numerous food products,

including candies, ice cream, pickles, and soft drinks (including some

reportedly manufactured by Coca-Cola)-products that might otherwise have been

sweetened with refined sugar or chemical substitutes. In 1988, in fact, refined

stevia extract commanded a 41 percent share of Japan's multimillion-dollar

market for high-intensity sweeteners-outselling even the ubiquitous

American-made chemical compound NutraSweet.

It might have been like that in the United States as well. Indeed, by the mid

'80s, a number of major food companies had recognized stevia's potential value.

Among those marketing or developing products containing stevia were tea makers

Thomas J. Lipton Company, Celestial Seasonings, and Traditional Medicinals, as

well as a host of smaller firms. (The herb was often listed on ingredient lists

simply as " natural flavoring. " ) Estimates place the amount of stevia entering

the country at that time in the hundreds of tons. But just as the industry was

poised to take off, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) launched a

particularly aggressive search-and- seizure campaign that was followed in 1991

by a virtual blockade of stevia through the issuance of an " import alert. "

In the fall of 1994, the agency was forced to modify the alert after Congress

passed the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act, which allows the herb to

be sold if it is formulated and labeled strictly for use as a " dietary

supplement. " The agency still restricts stevia's use in teas and other food

products, however, and notes that any mention of the herb's sweetening ability

could bring its regulatory wrath.

Just why the FDA would mount such a campaign remains a matter of much debate and

speculation. Citing a few small studies and its mandate to protect the public,

the agency claims that stevia is an " unsafe food additive " and a potential

health threat. Stevia proponents, however, maintain that the FDA's case against

stevia is without merit and note that a large body of research and the herb's

track record attest to its safety. The only health threat, they contend, is to

the fiscal well-being of certain players in the $700 million US

artificial-sweetener industry. As Rob McCaleb, president and founder of the Herb

Research Foundation, puts it: " Sweetness is big money. Nobody wants to see

something cheap and easy to grow on the market competing with the things they

worked so hard to get approved. "

 

 

Indeed, a number of shadowy events involving stevia suggest just how far some

companies are willing to go to keep the herb off the market. According to FDA

records, for example, in the late '80s representatives of an " anonymous firm "

lodged a " trade complaint " with the agency, charging that the Colorado-based tea

company Celestial Seasonings was using stevia extracts in four of its products.

The FDA will not identity the firm, nor say how the firm knew that Celestial

Seasonings' teas contained stevia. As a result of the complaint, however, the

agency began a full-scale investigation, after which Celestial Seasonings ceased

using the herb-and then, according to documents obtained from the FDA, told the

agency about other tea makers that were also using it.

This apparently was not the first time a trade complaint triggered FDA action on

stevia. The search-and-seizure campaign that was initiated in the mid-'80s had a

similar origin, according to McCaleb, who says he has seen the complaint, and

that it originated from a " sophisticated " company " with a strong interest in not

having sweet natural products on the market. " Asked for a copy of the document,

the FDA said it could not locate one. (That " doesn't mean there is not one, "

said Robert Martin of the FDA's Office of Premarket Approval, just that " we

cannot find one in this office. " )

 

More significant, perhaps, is that one stevia marketer says an FDA agent

specifically mentioned the NutraSweet Company as the source of the complaint

against his product. The NutraSweet Company, then owned by G. D. Searle and now

a Monsanto subsidiary, says it has not put any pressure on the FDA regarding

stevia.

This much is clear: The history of stevia is so riddled with questions and

incongruities that the appearance of favoritism remains. As Arizona congressman

Jon Kyl noted in a 1993 letter to FDA Commissioner David Kessler, MD., there is

a belief among those wishing to market stevia that the agency's import alert is

really just " a restraint of trade to benefit the artificial-sweetener industry. "

All of which, it should be noted, has done little to diminish the allure of this

natural noncaloric sweetener. One indication of its appeal: Consumers, having

heard about the herb's properties by word of mouth, have been buying

stevia-based " dietary supplements " and skin-care formulas and using them as

sweeteners.

 

It was Moises S. Bertoni, an Italian botanist, who first described stevia in

1899-and in somewhat greater detail in 1905-having initially been told some

years before about a " very strange plant " known by indigenous Indians and guides

in the forests of Paraguay as kaa-he-e. Among his observations was this one

published in December of 1905: " The fact is that the sweetening power of

kaa-he-e is so superior to sugar that there is no need to wait for the results

of analyses and cultures to affirm its economic advantage. "

 

Clearly, today's FDA does not share Bertoni's opinion-and to understand why

stevia remains in bureaucratic limbo, one must understand something of the

agency's labyrinthine logic. The specific " problem " cited by the FDA in issuing

its import alert for stevia is the fact that it considers the herb an " unsafe

food additive. " Under laws passed nearly forty years ago amid concern over the

use of chemicals in food, any substance deemed a food additive must undergo

extensive and costly scientific study. Since 1970, the agency has approved only

five major new additives, two of which are artificial sweeteners: aspartame

(NutraSweet) and acesulfame K (Sunette).

 

 

 

 

" I had one guy from

the FDA tell me 'if we

wanted to make carrots

(be) against the law,

we could do it.' "

 

As it turns out, any food that is added to another food (or even to water, which

the FDA can opt to view as a food) can be classified as an additive and subject

to this strict review process. But there is an exemption-if an additive is

" generally recognized as safe, " or gras. gras substances get that status by

either having a long history of " safe " use in food prior to 1958 or being shown

to be safe through scientific procedures. But there is also an opening in the

law that allows " self- determination " of gras status, whereby the person selling

the substance decides that it is generally recognized as safe, based on

available information.

This, in effect, is what Oscar Rodes and other stevia marketers did prior to the

crackdown. The risk, as Rodes learned, is that the FDA can challenge that

determination, which could put the ultimate decision in the hands of the courts.

Other marketers have tried to obtain gras status for stevia through more formal

channels.

 

One of these is Lynda Sadler, president of Traditional Medicinals, an herbal-tea

company based in Sebastopol, California. When her company's supply of stevia was

embargoed in 1990, Sadler opted to formally petition the FDA. Working with the

American Herbal Products Association (AHPA), whose Stevia Committee she heads,

Sadler enlisted Washington, D.C., attorney William R. Pendergast to persuade the

agency that the marketing of stevia should be permitted, based on its having

been used safely and widely in food prior to 1958.

 

In 1992, Pendergast submitted a petition to the FDA listing more than 900

articles documenting that the herb has been used safely for " hundreds of years "

by " millions of people. " The FDA's response was to ask for still more

information. Yet even that additional information-provided in the form of an

extensively researched supplement, prepared by the Herbal Research Foundation to

address the FDA's questions failed to cut any ice at the agency. The petition

has since been dropped by the AHPA, says Sadler, who explains that it was no

longer worth the " effort and money. "

 

A two-inch-thick gras petition submitted by Lipton in January 1994 hit a similar

bureaucratic wall, despite the tea company's establishment credentials.

Subsequent follow-up efforts have been met with more requests from the agency

and long delays in correspondence. In both cases, the agency has refused to

officially " file " the petitions, a move that would open the documents to review

by the general public. McCaleb, for one, can't think of another case where a

conventional food company has submitted a petition, " then been continually told,

Your petition's not complete enough, wait, there's just one more thing.

Obviously, they [the FDA] don't want to file this petition; they're under some

kind of pressure not to. "

 

Once such a petition is filed, the evidence that has been submitted would become

open to public debate, McCaleb and other proponents note, leaving the agency in

the position of having to defend its actions. According to Alan M. Rulis of the

FDA's Office of Premarket Approval, the reason the agency has not filed the

petitions is because they still lack " the depth of information that would allow

us to eventually conclude gras status. "

 

But the supposed incompleteness of the petitions does not explain why the agency

won't file them. As Rulis himself noted in a 1992 letter to Lipton's attorney,

the agency's usual procedure is to " perform no in-depth prefiling review of the

actual data " in a gras petition. As for the reams of data documenting stevia's

long tradition of consumption, Rulis characterizes these as " anecdotal

information " based on historical records that are " pretty sketchy. " Adds Rulis's

colleague George Pauli, " What we get presented to us from time to time is that,

somewhere in the remote areas of Paraguay, Indians have brewed a tea that they

used in ceremonies centuries ago. . . . There are lots of things that were

consumed in ceremonies. That does not necessarily make them safe for general use

in the food supply. "

 

That kind of dismissive comment baffles Pendergast and raises the question of

what the FDA is doing with all the information he has submitted. " I don't even

know that it was used in religious ceremonies, " the attorney says. " But, boy,

that tells me that he hasn't read the petition. " The FDA's own import alert, in

fact, would indicate a far greater level of awareness at the agency.

 

" Stevia leaves . . . have been used throughout history, " the alert notes, " and

the extract, stevioside, has reportedly been approved for use in foods in Brazil

and Japan. The product is used in these countries as a table-top sweetener in

virtually all food commodities. . . . " The run-around given to would-be stevia

marketers might be excused as simply government-agency inertia. But other events

suggest that the agency is judging stevia by a capricious standard.

 

In one meeting with agency officials, for instance, AHPA representatives were

told that filing their petition would largely depend on their providing " good "

data showing that, prior to 1958, stevia was used " by a significant number of

people for a substantial period of time. " According to notes of that meeting,

when the group inquired just how many people over what period of time the agency

would consider " significant, " the FDA's Direct Additives Branch chief, Eugene

Coleman, replied: " This may sound flippant, but we would know that number when

we see it. "

 

 

" Stevia has a political problem, " observes the Herb Research Foundation's

McCaleb. " The FDA took action against stevia not based on any proclamation by

FDA toxicologists or consumer complaints, or any factor other than a trade

complaint-that is, a complaint from a company that did not want stevia on the

market and told the FDA to get it off the market. " And while the FDA may be less

than forthcoming about the identity of that company, others who were stopped

from marketing stevia say they believe they know who it might be.

In 1985, Kerry Nielson was director of operations at Sunrider International, a

nutritional-products firm then based in Utah, when, as he tells it, " our first

problem came " in the form of a trademark infringement complaint filed by

NutraSweet against a Sunrider item called Trusweet, which contained stevia-leaf

concentrate.

 

" They were serious about it, " he recalls. " We were selling it as a natural

sweetener, just like you would sell sugar. We didn't think we were really

infringing, but this was a cease-and- desist deal. We thought, We're just a

little company; how in the devil are we going to fight this thing? " Rather than

do so, the company agreed to change the product's name to Sunectar, " and we

thought, Well, neat, that's the end of that. "

But it wasn't the end of Sunrider's legal problems with stevia. Not long

afterward, Nielson says, the US Department of Agriculture was knocking on the

company's doors. " I thought it was strange, " he said, " because they asked

specifically to see the stevia, " whereas previously " they would just go through

and have a look at everything. . . . When we took them over to the area where we

had the stevia, the inspector dug out a bunch of red tags and started slapping

them on everything. " The stevia was embargoed and the company was instructed to

cease and desist from any further production.

When asked what the problem with the shipment was, the inspectors replied

" suspicion of adulteration, " but declined to elaborate. Since that usually means

contamination by mouse droppings or insect parts, says Nielson, " I thought it

was curious that they didn't take any samples with them. We then commenced to

get lawyers to try and figure out what the real problem was. " It was an attorney

based in Washington, D.C., according to Nielson, who eventually provided the

company with some insight into the situation.

" Apparently, he had worked in the FDA " and " had nosed about and asked some

questions . . . as if he was going to invest in a company that was going to sell

a stevia product. The word he got back was 'don't invest, there is a lot of

pressure on stevia.' He called us back and said, Î think you've got a problem

here.' " Such pressure, Nielson believes, could only have emanated from two

sources-the sugar industry or G. D. Searle, the makers of NutraSweet. And, he

notes, " we had already made the rounds with Searle. " But not wanting to take on

either, Nielson says that Sunrider decided it would reformulate its stevia

sweetener into a skin-care product, in which case " they [the FDA] should have no

beef with us. "

The FDA, he notes, agreed to go along with that use, showing that the problem

really " had nothing to do with adulteration. " Around the same period, Jim May's

Arizona-based herbal products firm, Wisdom of the Ancients, was also getting a

lesson in the politics of stevia.

As May tells it, he had actually presented samples of a product containing

stevia leaf to FDA officials to make sure he had a green light to import it.

" They said, Sure, no problem- as long as it was in the form of the pure leaf or

liquid concentrate, and not the refined extract, stevioside. " Then, in 1984,

they called me into their office in a very friendly manner, and the guy

basically said, Jim, I really hate to do this, and we have put it off as long as

we can because none of us here wants to do it. But the Washington office has

demanded that we stop you from importing your stevia concentrate. . . . We're

not telling you there's anything wrong with it [or] that anybody's had a

problem. There's no complaint other than the NutraSweet Company; they are the

ones who complained that you are selling a natural sweetener that hadn't had to

go through all the testing and so forth.'

He told me it was NutraSweet that had filed the complaint with the FDA. Whether

it was written I don't know, but they went in and demanded it be removed. He

said, 'Jim, if you'd be willing to stop importing it, there will be no written

paperwork, it will be just verbal between us, nothing in your record that you've

done anything improper.' " " At the time I was only selling maybe $100 or $200

[worth] a month . . . it wasn't worth any kind of a hassle with them, " says May,

who now offers a variety of stevia supplements and cosmetics.

When asked if the FDA has been in any way pressured by NutraSweet in any of its

actions against stevia, Rulis says he has " no knowledge whatsoever of any

influence, so to speak, from aspartame producers in this regard. " And Richard

Nelson, a spokesman for NutraSweet, says he is unaware " of any pressure we have

put on the FDA regarding stevia. " " Show me some evidence, " he adds.

Today, says Nielson, " I wouldn't trust NutraSweet as far as I can throw a barrel

of it. " And while the selling of stevia tea might be akin to " spitting in the

ocean " when compared to the marketing of aspartame, it's his feeling that the

idea is to " kill it while it's little, before it has a life. " The entire

episode, in fact, is one that has caused Nielson to lose his faith " in whatever

I thought the FDA did for us. I felt it had nothing to do with the safety of

people and everything to do with economics . . . I had one guy from the FDA tell

me-and I guess what really soured me was that there was a certain arrogance-that

if we wanted to make carrots [be] against the law, we could do it.' "

 

When pushed to the wall about stevia, the FDA tends to fall back on a handful of

studies that it says raise legitimate concerns about stevia's safety. The first

of these-which has never been successfully repeated- was performed on rats in

1968 by Joseph Kuc, a Purdue University biochemist, working with a researcher in

Uruguay.

Kuc, in a recent telephone interview, said that while he still " stands by the

results we had " -that is, a finding of toxicity and a marked reduction in the

number of young born and " restrictions in circulation to the extremities " -those

results should not be interpreted as applying to humans consuming either stevia

tea or its extract, stevioside.

 

For one thing, Kuc noted, the study involved " a very high concentration " given

to the rats instead of drinking water, and consisted of the whole plant, dried

as a powder, and not just the leaves. Asked if his study should be a basis for

keeping stevia off the market in this country, Kuc replied: " That in itself,

no. "

 

The second study, dealing with the effect of stevia on the fertility of mice,

was published in a Brazilian pharmacological journal in 1988. One expert who

reviewed this experiment was surprised by " the lack of information about the

quantities that were administered and the preparation of the infusions. . . . "

In addition, the reviewer observed, the study involved a small number of animals

and " was highly susceptible to indelible external influences. "

 

In short, although the FDA refers to this study as casting doubts on stevia's

safety, it is precisely the kind of research the FDA would question if it were

submitted by a petitioner. Or as Mark Blumenthal, editor of HerbalGram, a

publication of the American Botanical Council and the Herb Research Foundation

puts it: " The FDA would laugh them out of the room. " But the agency has at least

seen this study. Other research, supposedly raising " the theoretical

possibility " that the herb might cause blood sugar to drop in some people with

hypoglycemia, has also been cited by the FDA even though no one at the agency

has actually read the reports in question.

 

" We have attempted to get the studies, and thus far have not been successful, "

concedes David Hattan of the FDA's Division of Health Effects Evaluation,

speaking of the research published in " small regional journals in South

America. " Nonetheless, the agency felt confident enough to mention the herb's

possible hypoglycemic effect in a cautionary letter to a company planning to

market stevia as a dietary supplement.

 

Rulis is willing to concede that the studies in question wouldn't stand up if a

petitioner were to bring them to the FDA. But then, he says, " That's the case

with all the data " on stevia. The FDA's Pauli agrees. " Now, [these studies] are

not the greatest science in the world, I will admit, but the fact is there just

isn't a lot of good science on stevia, " he says, apparently disregarding the

vast body of research including chronic toxicity studies conducted by the

Japanese and submitted to his agency. " Certainly, we don't have any kind of data

comparable to what we have for sweeteners used in food. "

 

Pauli's comment is typical of the FDA's tendency to introduce the subject of

sweeteners-a loaded term implying a product's need for extensive FDA review-into

any discussion of stevia, which proponents seek to market as a tea. In a similar

manner, Rulis refers to the agency's " data package " on stevia as being " not

nearly as robust as one which we would require for any other sweetener. "

 

A recent information sheet prepared by the agency's Center for Food Safety and

Applied Nutrition even inaccurately states that the " FDA has a number of active

petitions for sweeteners, including stevia. " Just how important this distinction

is becomes clear when Pauli talks about " the statutory requirements that, for

example, sweeteners must be shown to be safe. " With that in mind, he continues,

" you can't have a double standard where somebody has gone to several millions of

dollars of testing and say [to someone else] well, that's OK,' where you know

nothing. . . . You try to keep things uniform that way. "

 

Perhaps the most notorious " somebody " to spend several millions on testing to

get a sweetener on the market is G. D. Searle, whose NutraSweet won FDA approval

in the early '80s amid a storm of controversy that has not abated. The original

review process was marred by charges of doctored records and flawed experiments,

a call at one point by the FDA's chief counsel for a grand jury probe, and the

recommendation by a panel of scientific advisers that the substance's approval

be delayed until concerns about brain-tumor tests could be resolved.

 

Of all the complaints received by the FDA since 1980 under its Adverse Reactions

Monitoring System, some 72 percent concern NutraSweet, with reports of

headaches, dizziness, and vomiting common. Its manufacturer, however, continues

to insist that, with the exception of people suffering from a rare condition

known as pku, aspartame is harmless to the public-a position backed up by the

FDA, which apparently views the consumer complaints with a skeptical eye.

 

It's not surprising that stevia proponents cite aspartame's approval when

discussing what they see as the double standard applied to stevia. But the FDA's

Rulis cautions against making such comparisons. The FDA's confidence in

aspartame's safety, he says, is one based on a " portfolio of toxicological

studies of very high quality " and on the agency's having " applied the standard

of reasonable certainty of no harm based on the toxicological data that are

available to us. . . . And it's a massive amount of information. " " In any large

data package, there will be adverse effects that are observed, " he adds. " The

question is, Are those adverse effects mitigated by or contravened by other data

of equal or better quality? I think in the case of aspartame, when all the data

is taken together the inescapable conclusion is you have a material here that is

safe. "

 

Stevia, however, appears to be another matter entirely. " It's my understanding

that there are questions raised by [the animal studies on contraceptive effects]

that have not been resolved. . . . When we see a study-even if it's a poor

study-that implies the existence of an adverse effect that isn't resolved, we

have to be concerned whether that effect really could happen. " But what about

the studies cited in the stevia petitions that would tend to " mitigate or

contravene " the ones that so concern the FDA?

 

One study, for example, conducted in Japan, involved nearly 500 test animals

that were administered stevia extracts over a two-year period. According to A.

Douglas Kinghorn, a University of Illinois pharmacognosy professor, the highest

dose levels represented 100 times the estimated daily intake of this substance

in the human diet. The results were supportive of the safety of stevia extracts

" when consumed as sucrose substitutes by human populations. " This " protracted

and extensive investigation " found " no significant dose-related changes " in all

areas examined. Two other studies of subacute toxicity, Kinghorn noted, also

failed to predict any potential harm to humans from ingesting these extracts.

Why haven't these been given any credence?

 

" If that's the question, " responds Rulis, " then we probably need to investigate

that and have a discussion about that. And I think on that point we probably

would want to go into some detail about what the studies are, what they show,

what the total data package looks like, and why our scientists have a concern

that has not been erased. "

 

 

 

Many observers had hoped that the passage of the Dietary Supplement Health and

Education Act of 1994, which exempts certain ingredients in vitamins and

supplements from strict FDA review, would be stevia's savior, allowing the herb

and its many benefits to be introduced to the general public. But even though

several companies are now marketing stevia and its extract as a dietary

supplement (see box, page 62), the FDA has not let the matter drop.

In September, it revised its import alert with language that holds any potential

stevia marketer to a strict and narrow standard, allowing the herb to be sold

only if labeled as a dietary supplement and outlawing any mention of the herb's

most marketable effect: " If stevia is to be used in a dietary supplement for a

technical effect, such as use as a sweetener or flavoring agent, and is labeled

as such, it is considered an unsafe food additive. " All of which leaves the FDA

in the perplexing position of allowing stevia packaged one way to be widely sold

and consumed, while arguing that the exact same substance packaged another way

is " unsafe. "

In the meantime, proponents continue to promote the herb through a stevia

underground. Donna Gates, for example, author of The Body Ecology Diet and a

passionate believer in the plant's curative powers, says she's willing to go to

jail, if necessary, to champion her cause. " There are so many plants on the

planet that are given to us to use to be healthy, and I believe stevia is one of

those plants, " says Gates, who despite the FDA's actions has been openly selling

stevia extract as a sweetener.

Gates, in fact, sees a grassroots movement among natural-food advocates starting

to take shape on this issue-a kind of tea-rescue mission infused with the same

spirit of resistance that the American colonists displayed in dumping tea into

Boston Harbor. " A lot of teas are using it, " she alleges, " but they just say

natural flavors. " And now that the Dietary Supplement Act has " brought the

industry together and made it very strong, everybody would organize " against a

continued FDA attempt to keep stevia off the market.

While such talk may be overly optimistic, there are developments that suggest

that stevia will indeed become far bigger than it is today-though not here in

the United States. In Canada, where stevia can be sold as a tea (but not as a

sweetener), a Vancouver company, Royal-Sweet International, is in the process of

developing a stevia-based sweetener for which it acquired a global patent

several years ago. The company isn't waiting for Canadian or US approval of its

product; it intends to direct its efforts at the fast-growing Asian market for

stevia extracts.

Perhaps most significantly, the project has been undertaken as a joint research

venture with Agriculture Canada, a government agency, which sees the herb as a

potential high profit replacement for Canadian tobacco. A similar idea was

recently suggested by the ambassador from Paraguay as a means of curtailing his

country's cultivation of marijuana. In a letter to various members of Congress

and others asking for their help in loosening the import restrictions, the

ambassador noted that growing stevia is an idea strongly supported by the US

Drug Enforcement Agency. The ambassador apparently failed to see the irony of

the fact that another agency of the US government has proclaimed stevia to be an

equally forbidden substance.

_________________

 

JoAnn Guest

mrsjoguest

DietaryTipsForHBP

http://www.geocities.com/mrsjoguest

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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