Guest guest Posted February 27, 2006 Report Share Posted February 27, 2006 DUBIOUS ABOUT DUBAI DUBAI or NOT TO BUY Our long-awaited series DUBIOUS ABOUT DUBAI DUBAI or NOT TO BUY begins here. Before you read it you should know that we supported President Bush in the 2004 election. We think that President Bush has been right most of the time in the war on terror. When we differ with President Bush we ask that people contact President Bush at http://www.whitehouse.gov to provide President Bush with their opinions, which we hope will be in agreement with ours. We differ with President Bush over his support for a so-called " palestinian state " . We totally oppose the creation of any so-called " palestinian state " We also differ with President Bush over his support for the so-called " Dubai Deal " . We totally oppose the so-called " Dubai Deal " . Some background on the matter begins here: " Thursday, February 23, 2006 Treasury officials say Snow has severed all relations with CSX By: MARTIN CRUTSINGER - Associated Press WASHINGTON—Treasury Secretary John Snow, who headed CSX Corp. before joining the administration, had severed relations with his former company before CSX announced it was selling foreign port operations to Dubai Ports World, Treasury officials said Thursday. Treasury spokesman Tony Fratto said Snow had no financial relationship with CSX when the company decided to sell its international terminal operations to Dubai Ports World in 2004. Fratto spoke after ...a letter " (from a member of Congress) " Thursday to Treasury Department inspector general Harold Damelin asking that his office investigate the transaction and Snow's links to his former employer. " Given that Secretary Snow had previously disclosed a deferred compensation package with CSX valued at between $5 (million) and $25 million and $33.2 million from a special retirement pension, one would expect that any financial benefit from the sale of CSX World Terminals to Dubai Ports World, including stock holdings, would have been revealed, especially if there might be any residual from subsequent actions such as these, " (the member of Congress) " said in her letter. Fratto said the decision on whether to launch an investigation will be up to the inspector general, but that Snow would welcome any review of the matter. Fratto said it would show that Snow had violated no government ethics rules regarding his relations with CSX. The spokesman said Snow received $33.2 million as part of his severance package with CSX when he resigned from the company on Jan. 31, 2003, prior to being sworn in as Treasury secretary on Feb. 3, 2003. In addition to the $33.2 million, Snow also received a lump-sum payment of $8.03 million in 2004 in deferred compensation. After that payment, Snow had no further financial relationship with his former company except for a fixed annual pension of $79,129. " Secretary Snow left on Jan. 31, 2003, and he has had no involvement or interest in the direction of the company since he left, " Fratto said. Fratto said Snow learned of the sale by CSX of its foreign port operations in 2004 to Dubai Ports World by reading about it in the newspaper. Snow told reporters Wednesday that he was not involved in the interagency review of the transaction that will allow Dubai Ports World to assume significant operations at six U.S. ports. Fratto said Snow has followed government ethics rules that require him to recuse himself from dealing with any matters at Treasury involving his former employer. Lawmakers in both parties have questioned whether U.S. security against terrorist attacks will be jeopardized by having a state- owned United Arab Emirates company operating at the ports. " SOURCE: http://www.nctimes.com/articles/2006/02/24/news/nation/17_38_402_23_0 6.txt In December of 2002 Treasury Secretary to be Snow was in the news in some of the items below: CSX's Snow Tapped for Treasury Secretary. We have mixed feelings about the recent Treasury Department " shakeup " . The resignation of the former Treasury Secretary, long associated with ALCOA ( " Thomas Mellon and Sons Bank, founded in 1869, helped finance an aluminum reduction company owned by Alfred Hunt and Charles Hall, which became known as Alcoa.) http://zeeb.library.cmu.edu/SAA- PghHostCmte/articles/PittsburghHistory ..html and his replacement with a new Treasury Secretary was interesting. The new Treasury Secretary is said to be a " deficit hawk " . That is a good omen if he is allowed to be a " deficit hawk " in his new post as Treasury Secretary. Moreover, Snow replaced Paul O'Neill formerly of ALCOA. Our series delves somewhat into the history of ALCOA and O'Neill, including O'Neill's notorius criticism of President Bush's excellent decision to liberate Iraq. A decision we fully supported, and still support. When President Bush is right he is right. The liberation of Iraq was right then and is still right. Please contact President Bush at http://www.whitehouse.gov to tell him that you support the liberation of Iraq. " CSX's Snow Tapped for Treasury Secretary Mon Dec 9th 2002, By Adam Entous WASHINGTON (Reuters) President Bush on Monday named John Snow, chairman of railroad giant CSX Corp., as his new Treasury secretary and promised bold new measures to reinvigorate the U.S. economy-and the stock market-before the 2004 re-election campaign. " John Snow will be a key adviser on the economy and a key advocate of my administration's agenda for growth, new jobs and wider and more international trade, " President Bush said at a brief ceremony. " In January of 2002 c.e. Dubai was in the news in some of the items below: THE STRUGGLE FOR CIVILIZATION AGAINST TERROR Police link Calcutta shooting to Sept 11 http://in.news./020123/64/1edwh.html Wednesday January 23, 3:07 PM By Sanjeev Miglani NEW DELHI (Reuters) - Police probing a shooting at a U.S. cultural centre in Calcutta said on Wednesday they were following a trail that led all the way to those involved in the September 11 attacks on the United States. An official from India's Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) told Reuters New Delhi had prepared a dossier on links between militant groups operating in India and those suspected of carrying out the airliner attacks on the World Trade Center. The file had been given to U.S. authorities. The probe takes added significance after Indian Home Minister Lal Krishna Advani said on Tuesday those behind the Calcutta attack may have links to Pakistan's main intelligence agency-an allegation dismissed as " baseless " by Islamabad. At least four police guards were killed on Tuesday when gunmen opened fire on the American Center, which houses the U.S. press attache, a trade office and an American library. Another 20 people were wounded, including 18 police, a pedestrian and a private security guard. No Americans were hurt. The investigation is focusing on an alleged militant-Asif Raza Khan-who died last year while trying to escape police custody in the western state of Gujarat. Police in Calcutta said one group that claimed responsibility for Tuesday's attack said it was to avenge Asif Raza Khan. A senior intelligence official in Gujarat told Reuters Khan had once confessed to sending money via an intermediary to Mohamed Atta, the Egyptian believed to have flown one of the hijacked planes into the World Trade Center. Vipul Vijay, Deputy Inspector General of Police (Intelligence) in Gujarat, said Khan confessed to sending $100,000 raised through a kidnapping to a person named Omar Sheikh, " who in turn sent the money to Mohamed Atta " . Omar Sheikh was one of three men released by India in return for the freeing of hostages after an Indian plane was hijacked to Kandahar, Afghanistan, in 1999. CBI spokesman S.M. Khan said Indian police had shared this information with the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation, whose director Robert Mueller was in Delhi on Tuesday. CALCUTTA CONNECTION Vijay said Asif Raza Khan admitted to kidnapping Calcutta shoe magnate Partha Burman in July last year. Burman was released after several weeks in circumstances unexplained at the time. Vijay said a ransom of 37.5 million rupees ($777,041) was paid, of which $100,000 was sent to Omar Sheikh. Born in Calcutta on September 3, 1974, Asif Raza Khan joined the now- banned Students Islamic Movement of India (SIMI) in 1991. " He had a burning desire to do something for the Muslim cause, " Vijay said. According to his confession, he trained in handling weapons in Pakistan-administered Kashmir, returning to India in 1994. Islamabad has consistently denied training and arming Islamic militants and sending them into the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir to join a revolt against Indian rule there. Police in New Delhi arrested him in 1994 and he was jailed for five years for illegal possession of weapons. It was in Delhi's Tihar jail that he met Omar Sheikh and Maulana Masood Azhar, head of the now-banned Kashmiri separatist group Jaish-e-Mohammad, who was also released in the hostage exchange after the 1999 hijacking. " They became friends and this was a meeting of minds. They planned several kidnappings to fund terrorist attacks on Indian establishments, " said Vijay. The Jaish-e-Mohammad was one of two Pakistan-based groups blamed by India for a deadly attack on its parliament last month. It was banned by Pakistan after India mobilised its army to try to force Pakistan to crack down on Islamic militants. By the time Khan was arrested again in October 2001 there were seven cases against him in Calcutta, Delhi and Gujarat for kidnappings and war against the state. He was arrested in the Indian capital and interrogated by Delhi police before being sent to Gujarat for questioning about the kidnapping of a jeweller from the town of Rajkot. A CBI official said Khan admitted working for a Dubai-based man, known variously as Farhan, Aftab Malik and Aftab Ansari. India's foreign ministry said on Tuesday Farhan, who it said was believed to have links with some Pakistan-based militant groups, had claimed responsibility for the Calcutta attack. " Wednesday January 23, 5:26 PM http://in.news./020123/64/1ee8t.html Calcutta attack revives South Asia tension By Terry Friel and Simon Denyer NEW DELHI/ISLAMABAD (Reuters) - The police on Wednesday detained five people- including three Islamic teachers- over an attack on a U.S. cultural centre that has stoked tensions between India and Pakistan. The five were picked up near the India-Bangladesh border north of Calcutta, where gunmen shot dead four police guards outside the American Center on Tuesday. A police official said the three teachers were from Islamic madrassa schools. India has long complained some madrassas harbour Islamic militants. The Calcutta raid, a month after a deadly attack on parliament, sparked a new slanging match between nuclear-armed India and Pakistan, already locked in a tense military stand-off. India blames the parliament attack on Pakistan-based Islamic militants and says Islamabad's main intelligence agency may also have ties to those behind the Calcutta raid. Pakistan has rejected the latest charge as " baseless " . Pakistan's The News said India's charges were dangerous. " Blaming Pakistan needlessly can only vitiate the already tense situation and make the work of peacemakers more difficult, " the newspaper said in Wednesday's editorial. TRAIL LEADS TO U.S. ATTACKS India's foreign ministry said responsibility for the attack on the American Center in crowded downtown Calcutta was claimed by a Dubai-based man, named as Farhan, who had links with some Pakistan-based militant groups. He is also known variously as Aftab Malik and Aftab Ansari and officials Calcutta police say one of the groups he has been linked to claimed it carried out the attack in revenge for the death in police custody of alleged militant Asif Raza Khan. That group, Harkat-e-Jihad-e-Islami, also reportedly has operations in Bangladesh, which has tightened security along its border with India and around U.S. installations in the country in the wake of the Calcutta killings. Police investigating the raid said the trail led all the way to the September 11 attacks on the United States. The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) said New Delhi had prepared a dossier on links between militant groups in India and the suspects of the World Trade Center attacks, which it had given to U.S. authorities. A senior police intelligence officer told Reuters Khan had once confessed to sending money via an intermediary to Mohamed Atta, the Egyptian believed to have flown one of the hijacked planes into the World Trade Center. U.S. Consul-General in Calcutta Christopher Sandrolini said it was too early to know whether the attack on the American Center was targetted specifically at the United States. " Whether it had an anti-police element at all, or whether that was mixed with a specifically anti-American message, it is a little hard to know where to draw those lines, given the circumstances of the attack, " he told Star News television. Extra police and heavily-armed police commandos have been moved in to guard the cultural centre, near the consulate. Sandbag bunkers have been built and the bloodstains cleaned away. The area remained cordoned off to pedestrians and vehicle traffic and the usually bustling building looked deserted, although it was officially open for business. While not directly blaming Islamabad for Tuesday's attack, Indian officials pointed to patterns of crime and terrorism which New Delhi has long alleged can be traced to Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence (SIS), with links to the Gulf. India accuses the ISI and the Pakistani army of training, financing and inserting guerrillas into the Himalayan region of Jammu and Kashmir. TROOPS DUG IN Pakistan denies sponsoring terrorist groups, but says it offers moral support for Kashmiri " freedom fighters " . In the wake of the December 13 parliament attack, New Delhi demanded Islamabad close down the groups and hand over 20 alleged terrorists, including several Pakistani citizens. The row triggered a massive military build-up-one million troops are dug in along both sides of the now heavily-mined border-and fears of a fourth war between the military giants. Pakistan has banned five groups, including the two blamed for the December 13 raid, and rounded up 2,000 people. But the Indian government, weeks away from crucial state polls that could trigger an early national election, says that is not enough and it has yet to be convinced of Pakistan President Pervez Musharraf's sincerity. It says that despite Musharraf's promises, guerrillas are still sneaking into Kashmir, where both armies are exchanging mortar and small arms fire almost daily as winter sets in. The United States, which has been pressing for a peaceful end to the stand-off, says the number of militants infiltrating into the Himalayan region was falling. " Wednesday January 23, 5:36 PM http://in.news./020123/64/1ee9l.html Police detain five over Calcutta attack By Kamil Zaheer CALCUTTA (Reuters) - Police detained five people on Wednesday near the Bangladesh border over an attack outside a U.S. cultural centre in Calcutta in which four guards died. The five, including three teachers from Islamic madrassa schools, were taken into custody in the town of Basirhat, north of Calcutta, a police official said. Indian authorities have long alleged some of the schools are used as a cover for Islamic militants and accuse Pakistan-backed guerrillas of sneaking in through the Bangladesh border and launching attacks. " Five people have been detained... in connection with the attack on policemen at the American Center, " said the police official, who did not want to be named. He gave no further details. Four policemen died and 18 others were wounded on Tuesday when gunmen fired on them outside the American Center. The attack came during a shift change, which meant twice the normal number of guards were outside the building, near the U.S. consulate. But the timing also meant nobody was inside the building, located in the heart of India's most congested city. ATTACK REKINDLES TENSION The attack comes amid inflamed tensions between India and Pakistan, which have mobilised their armies after an attack on parliament last month that New Delhi blamed on Pakistan-based militants fighting its rule in Kashmir. Islamabad has dismissed as " baseless " Indian allegations Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence agency was linked to the gunmen, who fled after attacking the centre. Indian authorities have branded the assault outside the imposing modern brown cultural centre, set behind a high steel pike fence, as a terrorist attack. But U.S. officials say it is too early to know if the attack was specifically targetted at the United States. " We are closely working with the investigative agencies and our embassy in New Delhi and the state administration, " U.S. Consul-General Christopher Sandrolini told reporters after meeting senior police. He declined any further comment. DUBAI MAN CLAIMS RESPONSIBILITY India's foreign ministry said responsibility for the attack was claimed by a Dubai-based man, named as Farhan, who had links with some Pakistan-based militant groups. He is also known variously as Aftab Malik and Aftab Ansari. Security was sharply increased outside the American Center on Wednesday as a dozen steel-helmeted commandos carrying automatic weapons patrolled. High sandbag bunkers have now been erected at both sides of the entrance. The bloodstains from the shooting are gone but the gates are pockmarked with bullet holes and much of the crime scene is still marked out with red-and-white police tape.The street which had been shut after the attack was open and curiousity-seekers gawked from car windows as they passed. The building which houses a cultural centre and library and normally draws of hundreds of students, was officially open for business. But there were few visitors. Calcutta residents were coming to grips with the possibility that the city may now be on the militants' map. " I was really surprised that this happened in Calcutta. We have never seen this kind of terrorist attack, " said P.P. Bhattcharjee, a computer firm employee. Calcutta's The Telegraph newspaper said in an editorial: " The delusion that West Bengal is a state where its citizens are safe has been dispelled by a spray of bullets from Kalashnikovs. " There was also public anger that the policemen tasked with guarding the centre were equipped only with old .303 rifles and " lathis " (long bamboo sticks) -- no match for the attackers' AK-47 assault rifles. " They were sitting ducks. They didn't have modern weapons, they need modern weapons and terror training, " said Bhattcharjee. Police admitted the guards were not ready for such an assault. The communist state government's policy had been to allow peaceful demonstrations outside the centre, police commissioner Sujoy Kumar Chakraborty said. " This force was not meant for this sort of an attack. " " Wednesday January 23, 5:06 AM India alleges Pakistan linked to US office attack http://in.news./020122/64/1ec5a.html By Terry Friel NEW DELHI (Reuters) - India has alleged Pakistan is linked to gunmen who attacked a U.S. cultural centre in Calcutta, intensifying the tense military standoff between the nuclear foes. Four police guards were shot dead on Tuesday outside the centre, which housed the press attache, a trade office and a popular American library near the U.S. consulate. No Americans were hurt. Police in Calcutta, India's most densely populated city, rounded up scores of people for questioning and made random checks of guesthouses, airports, railway stations and bus terminals. Home Minister Lal Krishna Advani said a Dubai-based member of a group with links to the Pakistan government's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) agency had claimed responsibility for the attack, by phone call from Dubai. The foreign ministry said the caller, known as Farhan or as Aftab Malik, might also be linked to the militant Harkat-e-Jihad-e-Islami group, which Calcutta police said had also claimed responsibility. Advani stopped short of suggesting the ISI itself was involved. A Pakistani spokesman said in Islamabad: " These are totally baseless charges. As you know, Pakistan has condemned terrorism in all its forms and manifestations. " New Delhi blamed a December 13 raid on its parliament, in which 14 people died, on Pakistani-based militants fighting its rule in divided Kashmir. It demanded Islamabad crack down on militant groups and hand over 20 alleged terrorists. There are two Harkat-e-Jihad-e-Islami militant groups based in Pakistan-administered Kashmir: the Jammu and Kashmir wing, which has denied involvement, and the International, which has not spoken. TALIBAN ALLIES Harkat-e-Jihad-e-Islami International fought alongside the Taliban and says 85 of its men died in the U.S.-led war in Afghanistan. It was not clear which group India was referring to. U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation chief Robert Mueller was in New Delhi on Tuesday for talks on combating terrorism. " I have to wait to see what the facts bear out to see responsibility and motivation for the attack, " he said. " I am unaware of specific information in recent days relating to attacks on particular (American) facilities. " India and Pakistan have rushed troops, tanks and missiles to their border and an estimated one million men are now dug in along the tense and now heavily landmined 3,310 km frontier from Kashmir in the Himalayas to the Arabian Sea. Pakistan has denounced terrorism, banned five militant groups-including the two India blamed for the parliament attack-and rounded up about 2,000 people. But India says it has yet to see proof of Islamabad's sincerity and says separatists are still crossing from Pakistani territory into Indian Kashmir, where the two armies exchange mortar and small arms fire almost daily. The hostile neighbours have fought three wars-two over Kashmir-since independence in 1947, when Britain divided its South Asian empire into Islamic Pakistan and mainly Hindu but secular India. " India confident proposed Phalcon sale from Israel will go ahead BBC Monitoring South Asia - January 15, 2002 [With thanks to Arms Trade Newswire] India Tuesday 15 January said it was confident that the proposed sale of three Phalcon Airborne Warning and Control System (AWACS) from Israel will go through. Discounting media reports quoted to US officials that Washington had told Tel Aviv to keep on temporary hold the sale of these advanced planes, India's Defence Minister George Fernandes told PTI: " As far as I know we are getting them. I have no idea where these reports to the contrary are coming from, " Fernandes, who is leaving on a six-day visit to the US on Tuesday night said, adding that the issue could figure in his talks with the US leaders. He was commenting on reports that US had urged Israel to defer selling arms to India because of the military confrontation brewing between India and Pakistan. Last week the visiting Israeli Foreign Minister Shimon Peres had indicated in reply to a spate of questions on the estimated 1bn US dollar deal that it may go through. The Phalcon planes are produced by Israel and therefore do not require US approval. But because America is a close ally, Israel prefers to have all deals cleared by Washington. An Indian External Affairs Ministry spokesperson said reports of pressure on Israel not to sell arms supplies to India were not correct. A similar Israeli deal for sale of Phalcon AWACS to China had fallen through two years ago when Washington objected to the sales. Highly placed Indian air force sources here said that the Chinese sales had not gone through as along with the outright sales, the deal also entailed transfer of technology for making these highly sophisticated planes in China. They said Washington had raised legitimate objections to the transfer of technology as a number of main and sub-systems of the Phalcons were American. The sources said that they did not visualize any such hitch with India as New Delhi was only asking for outright purchase of these aircraft and not transfer of technology. Fernandes, as well as other defence officials, did not comment on other reports that US officials had raised stronger objections to the reported interest shown by Israel to sell Arrow-2 anti-tactical ballistic missile defence system to India. The system is a joint US-Israeli venture for which Washington has provided a majority of the development funding. The US officials claimed that the Arrow sale may violate the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR). Role of Sen. Dole's Husband at Issue By Jeffrey H. Birnbaum Washington Post Staff Writer Friday, February 24, 2006; Page A06 The lobbying of former Senate majority leader Robert J. Dole on behalf of the Dubai-owned company set to take over management of terminals at six major U.S. seaports is creating a political problem for his wife, Sen. Elizabeth Dole (R-N.C.). The chairman of the North Carolina Democratic Party, Jerry Meek, yesterday called on Sen. Dole to remove herself from " any congressional oversight " of the Dubai port deal. " The fact that Dubai is paying her husband to help pass the deal presents both a financial and ethical conflict of interest for Senator Dole, " Meek said. " (THE LAW FIRM OF) " Former senator Dole (R-Kan.), 82,… Alston & Bird LLP, helped steer the application of Dubai Ports World through the federal bureaucracy over the past few months, and Dole signed on as a lobbyist for the company this week. His spokesman would not say what lobbying, if any, Alston & Bird is now doing in Congress; the firm's spokeswoman did not return telephone messages. Dubai Ports World beefed up its lobbying efforts, including on Capitol Hill, after lawmakers threatened this week to scuttle the transaction. The lawmakers said they feared that national security might be compromised by letting a Middle Eastern firm manage key U.S. ports. SOURCE: http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp- dyn/content/article/2006/02/23/AR2006022301882.html?nav=rss_business Dole's top staff for his 1996 Presidential bid had deep ties to the Tobacco Industry. As Federal Budget Surpluses Vanishes and Deficits Loom on the Horizon the ability of Tobacco to cause people to die earlier should be a boon to a cash poor Federal Government. One Tobacco company recently made that point to the Czech government. " Only a few months before Iraq invaded Kuwait, Senator Bob Dole told (then Israeli Defense Minister Moshe) Arens that Saddam Hussein's threats against Israel were meant only as an indication of his response if Israel were to attack Iraq, and therefore were not to be taken seriously. " Dole visited Iraq himself and apologized to Saddam for a Voice of America report on Iraq that had criticized Saddam. Dole went on to tell Saddam that the person responsible for the report had been fired. Dole criticized Israel for arresting terror gang boss Sheik Obeid. Obeid was one of the terror gang bosses who cowardly send fanatics out to do their bidding while hiding themselves. Such cowards are often bullies attacking civilians. Dole claimed that Israel had " kidnapped " Obeid and should release him. Dole was running his own links to terror gangs in Lebanon in an attempt to win freedom for Western hostages held by the thugs. Dole's vicious criticism of Israel may at least in part be due to his own tragic self-image. Wounded seriously in World War Two, Dole appeared to suffer from his own version of the Stockholm Syndrome. For those not familiar with it, it was coined to describe some of the victims of terrorism. Specifically terror victims who end up siding with the terrorists who take them hostage. Dole's spirit was evidently broken by that trauma for after he was wounded he decided that he would " blame the enemies of Germany, rather than Germany for his wounds " . He went so far as to learn German as he rebuilt his persona. Please see : Senator For Sale: An Unauthorized Biography of Senator Bob Dole by Hilton, Stanley Format: Hardcover - Dust Jacket Publisher :New York St Martin's Press 1995 " http://www.suntimes.com/index/willhtml .. http://www. suntimes.com/index/will html http://www.sacbee.com/voices/national/will/ " George F. Will is an ABC News commentator, Pulitzer Prize winner, and author of a syndicated column which appears in more than 450 newspapers .He became a contributing editor of Newsweek magazine in 1976 and one year later was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Commentary. " wrote of then US Senator and Vice Presidential Candidate Bob Dole of Kansas in 1976 : " People who lie about history deserve to be forgotten by it. " Will was responding to Dole's comments in his televised Vice-presidential debate with then US Vice President Walter Mondale, Dole said in that debate in response to a question on the pardon of former US President Nixon by then US President Ford: " Well, it, uh, it is an appropriate topic I guess, but it's not a very good issue, any more than the war in Vietnam would be, or World War II, or World War I, or the war in Korea. All Democrat wars. All in this century. I figured up the other day, if we added up all the killed and wounded in Democrat wars in this century, it would be about1.6 million Americans, enough to fill the city of Detroit. " When I saw that debate in 1976 I was horrified. Had America stayed out of World War Two what sort of world would this be? Clearly it would be one in which Dole was not wounded in that war. It would also be one that most probably would have been won by Hitler, Tojo and Mussolini. Is that the kind of world Dole wishes we were in now? " George F. Will is an ABC News commentator, Pulitzer Prize winner, and author of a syndicated column which appears in more than 450 newspapers .He became a contributing editor of Newsweek magazine in 1976 and one year later was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Commentary. " wrote of then US Senator & Vice Presidential Candidate Bob Dole of Kansas in 1976 : " People who lie about history deserve to be forgotten by it. " Will was responding to Dole's comments in his televised Vice-presidential debate with then US Vice President Walter Mondale, Dole said in that debate in response to a question on the pardon of former US President Nixon by then US President Ford: " Well, it, uh, it is an appropriate topic I guess, but it's not a very good issue, any more than the war in Vietnam would be, or World War II, or World War I, or the war in Korea. All Democrat wars. All in this century. I figured up the other day, if we added up all the killed & wounded in Democrat wars in this century, it would be about 1.6 million Americans, enough to fill the city of Detroit. " When I saw that debate in 1976 I was horrified Dole was wounded in World War II. Like those suffering from " Stockholm Syndrome " who side with the terrorists who take them hostage Dole's spirit was evidently broken by that trauma for after he was wounded he decided that he would " blame the enemies of Germany, rather than Germany for his wounds " . He went so far as to learn German as he rebuilt his persona. Please see : Senator For Sale: An Unauthorized Biography of Senator Bob Dole by Hilton, Stanley Format: Hardcover - Dust Jacket Publisher :New York St Martin's Press 1995. Associated Dealer BOOKWORM of Greenville There are other issues to consider here. Dole's alleged links to Joe DioGuardi, for example Philip F. Anschutz, DOLE'S FELLOW KANSAN, WHOSE CORPORATION HAS BEEN A TOP CONTRIBUTOR, AND RAILROAD EXECUTIVE, ALONG WITH OTHERS ON A HARRIMAN FAMILY HISTORIC RAILROAD ASSET. SEE ALSO:Senator for Sale: An Unauthorized Biography of Senator Bob Dole Hardcover, 320 Pages, Saint Martin's Press, LLC, August 1995ISBN: 0312136005 Author: Hilton, Stanley Description: A blistering, no-holds-barred portrayal of Senator Bob Dole by a former aide. Hilton paints a disturbing portrait of the senator, exposing Dole's colossal political money machine which generates $118,000 a week. Thought-provoking and compelling, Senator for Sale compares Dole to Richard Nixon and speculates on what a Dole presidency would be like. I read " Senator for Sale " when Dole was finally nominated for President. The key element in it for me was the " Stockholm syndrome " Dole seemed to experience after being wounded in World War Two when he decided that he would blame not Germany, but he " enemies of Germany " for his wounds & to study German. It would seem that his spirit was broken by the event and he sided with those who had wounded him by blaming their " enemies " http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Atlantis/2671/ http://voyager.learntech.com/catalog/maus/indepth/ http://www.ngc.peachnet.edu/Academic/Arts_Let/LangLit/dproyal/spiegel .. htm http://arts.ucsc.edu/derek/Art.html http://www.bookwire.com/bbr/interviews/art-spiegelman.html " Tuesday, Feb. 21, 2006 10:29 a.m. EST Jimmy Carter Backs Dubai Ports Deal The Bush administration's plan to turn over control of six major U.S. ports to a Dubai company suffered another blow on Monday, when former President Jimmy Carter endorsed the deal. " The overall threat to the United States and security, I don't think it's exists, " Carter told CNN's Wolf Blitzer. " My belief is that the president and his secretary of state, the Defense Department and others have adequately cleared the Dubai government or organization to manage their ports, " Carter added. " I don't think there's any particular threat to our security. " Carter praised Dubai's handling of ports in the United Arab Emirates, saying: " I've been to Dubai, and I've seen the remarkable port facilities they have there, perhaps the best in the world. " Carter's endorsement of the Dubai deal, however, is sure to heighten concern that it's the wrong thing to do - especially considering his reputation as the worst president of the 20th Century. In 1979, the Georgia Democrat helped usher in the era of Mideast terrorism against the U.S. by yanking American support from the Shah of Iran. The shah was succeeded by the Ayatollah Khomeini, whose revolutionary guards took over the U.S. embassy and held Americans who worked there hostage for 444 days. Carter also presided over the giveaway of the Panama Canal, whose vital Atlantic and Pacific ports are now controlled by Communist China. " source: http://www.newsmax.com/archives/ic/2006/2/21/103107.shtml Former President Jimmy Carter is notorious for his connections with one of Murtha's many contributors: Lockheed. Indeed Murtha contributors include Cassidy & Associates a contributor which was " registered to represent foreign clients from Brazil, France, Great Britain, Ireland, Saudi Arabia, and Taiwan. " speaking of representing foreign interests: Billy Carter, " There's a lot more Arabs than there is Jews. " http://foia.fbi.gov/foiaindex/carter_b.htm Billy Carter (William A. Carter, III) is the brother of former President Jimmy Carter. In 1978, Carter met with a group of businessmen who were interested in meeting him and for the purpose of visiting Libya. The Libyans had advised the group they were interested in investing in businesses in Atlanta, Georgia. The group finally got together in Plains, Georgia and extended their invitation to Billy Carter to visit Libya. A group of businessmen and some lawyers from the Plains area went to Libya where they were entertained by the American Representatives and some Libyan representatives, but never met with Qadaffi, the Libyan leader. After the return home, no business deals were ever made between the groups, but Billy Carter did secure some personal loans from the Libyan Government. " 14th July 1980 Finally registers as a foreign agent of the Libyan government after receiving a $220,000 loan from Libya. 22nd July 1980 Congress announces intention to hold Billygate hearings. White House admits asking Billy Carter to use influence with Libya to help Americans held hostage in Iran. 26th July 1980 Americans for Democratic Action call for the resignation of Attorney General Ben Civiletti for his alleged role in Billygate. 28th July 1980 Sen. Dennis DeConcini says fugitive financier Robert Vesco claims responsibility for Billy Carter-Libyan connection, which was an effort to embarrass Carter administration. 30th July 1980 Justice Dept. says Billy Carter lied about his first payment from Libya; documents reveal Billy received access to State Dept. cables from his brother, the president. White House confirms president discussed cables with brother. Libya reportedly sought aid from Billy Carter in acquiring C-130 transport planes embargoed by President Carter. 31 Jul 1980 Billy Carter denies he saw classified State Dept. cables or that he lied to Justice Dept. about payment from Libya. 4th August 1980 President Carter holds a press conference on " Billygate. " That same day, Senate hearings begin on Billy Carter's representation of the Libyan government. 2nd October 1980 Senate subcommittee issues report on its hearings into Billy Carter's Libyan connection. 30th October 1980 White House Press Secretary Jody Powell accuses Republican senators of leaking Justice Dept. report criticizing President Carter for his role in Billy Carter/Libya affair. " " FOREIGN DESK | October 22, 1981 AMERICAN PILOTS REPORTED FLYING IN LIBYAN FORCES By JEFF GERTH and PHILIP TAUBMAN, SPECIAL TO THE NEW YORK TIMES; THIS ARTICLE IS BASED ON REPORTING BY JEFF GERTH and PHILIP TAUBMAN and WAS WRITTEN BY MR. GERTH. American pilots and aircraft mechanics, including military veterans, are flying and maintaining Libyan Air Force planes in an operation organized by Edwin P. Wilson, a former American intelligence agent, according to associates of Mr. Wilson. The American flight personnel, as well as pilots from Canada and Britain, have been recruited and paid by companies controlled by Mr. Wilson and, at least since last year, have flown a Libyan fleet of American-made cargo and transport aircraft and helicopters, the associates said. One Western pilot recruited by Mr. Wilson said that American pilots flew helicopters in support of the Libyan invasion of Chad this year, but the extent to which Western recruits are involved directly in Libyan combat missions could not be determined. The pilot said he was paid about $3,000 a month. Coordination in London Some of the American pilots and mechanics have been recruited in the United States by other Americans. Most of the operation is coordinated through a London office that represents several African and European companies controlled by Mr. Wilson, according to his associates. " NATIONAL DESK | October 23, 1981 RECRUITER FOR PROJECT IN LIBYA SOUGHT PERSONNEL IN ALABAMA By EDWARD T. POUND, SPECIAL TO THE NEW YORK TIMES Working under a contract to maintain Libyan aircraft and train pilots, Edwin P. Wilson, a former American intelligence agent who is now a fugitive in Libya, sent a retired Army sergeant here this year to offer $60,000 to $72,000 a year to pilots, mechanics and other flight personnel if they would work for the Libyan Air Force. According to several people familiar with the recruiting effort, Kenneth G. Beck, the Army veteran, returned in July to southeast Alabama, where he lived before going to North Africa to work for Mr. Wilson, in an effort to recruit a dozen pilots and other specialists for Mr. Wilson's Libyan operations. Some of those interviewed by Mr. Beck said that his main recruiting pitch was that the job was a chance to earn a lot of money in a short time. It could not be determined how many Americans Mr. Beck recruited. Only one, Richard L. Love, a helicopter pilot, is known to have signed on with Mr. Wilson's London-based company, Western Recruitment Inc., as a result of Mr. Beck's efforts. Officials at Gatwick Airport at London said today that Mr. Love and several others left this morning on a flight to Libya. " " In 1989 President Carter interceded *** on behalf of *** Terry Boullata, a field worker for the Palestinian Human Rights Information Center. Boullata had been imprisoned in November 1987 for allegedly belonging to a terrorist organization called the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine. Boullata was allowed out in 1989 to come to the United States *** The Carter Center: Follow the MoneyBut it's the financing behind Georgia's Carter Center and the Jimmy Carter Library that raises serious doubts that the former president is, in actuality, a wholly neutral intermediary in the troubled region. NewsMax has reviewed annual reports that indicate millions of charitable dollars have flowed into the center from His Majesty Sultan Qaboss bin Said Al Said of Oman, Jordan, from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and from the Government of the United Arab Emirates. Furthermore, hundreds of thousands of dollars have been donated to the center by the Kuwait Fund for Arab Economic Development. H.R.H. Prince Moulay Hicham Ben Abdallah of Morocco has also contributed tens of thousands of dollars. There are no corresponding contributions apparent from Israeli sources, however. As the center's literature describes, " The Carter Center and the Jimmy Carter Library were built in large measure thanks to the early leadership and financial support of the Carter Center founders. " Three of those generous founders: Agha Hasan Abedi On July 5 1991, banking regulators targeted Abedi's Bank of Credit and Commerce International (BCCI), " " triggering a worldwide financial tidal wave. To date, accountants and lawyers have managed to recoup (discounting fees) $7 billion out of the $12 billion money pit that fueled the BCCI fraud. Agha Hasan Abedi, a banker and self-styled mystic on first-name terms with Carter, created BCCI in 1972. Abedi had charmed seed money out of Arab sheikhs, organizing camel races and hunting trips. The Bank of America bought into BCCI as a way of buying access to the Middle East, holding a 30 percent stake at one point before dumping its holdings in the late-1970s His Majesty King Fahd of Saudi Arabia Last month Saudi Arabia transferred $15.4 million in advance aid to the Palestinian Authority. The transfer was made to a controversial Arab League fund, a product of the recent Arab summit in Beirut. According to Arab spokesmen, the money was hurriedly contributed due to the dire plight of the Palestinian people as a result of " vicious Israeli aggression. " King Fahd, Crown Prince Abdullah and Defense Minister Prince Sultan jointly donated $4.8 million to launch the fund pot, while Interior Minister Prince Nayef bin Abdul Aziz sent an estimated $800,000 to the families of " 155 Palestinian martyrs " killed in the current Israeli offensive. Hasib J. Sabbagh Sabbagh is the chairman of Consolidated Contractors Co. of Oman, Jordan. He is also the Senior Fellow for the Middle East of the Council on Foreign Relations. Founded in 1921, the Council on Foreign Relations is a membership organization contributing ideas to U.S. foreign policy. The Council publishes Foreign Affairs, a leading journal on global issues. Individual, foundation, and corporate donors, together with multilateral development assistance programs, support the Carter Center's current annual operating budget of around $30 million.***. Carter on the Record *** Carter *** roundly lambasted Ariel Sharon for actions and attitudes, past and present: " - sounds to us like arafat, back from the grave. or maybe Hitler, back from the grave, ghost wrote this disgusting anti-Semitic garbage: " His rejection of all peace agreements that included Israeli withdrawal from Arab lands, his invasion of Lebanon, his provocative visit to the Temple Mount, the destruction of villages and homes, the arrests of thousands of Palestinians and his open defiance of *** demand that he comply with international law have all been orchestrated to accomplish his ultimate goals: to establish Israeli settlements as widely as possible throughout occupied territories and to deny Palestinians a cohesive political existence, " Carter said in a recent New York Times piece. " It is time for the United States, as the sole recognized intermediary to consider more forceful actions***, " Carter added. " The rest of the world will welcome this leadership. " U.S. Leverage Over Israel Carter also said that U.S. aid of $10 million a day should give the U.S. some leverage over Israeli policy, noting that former president Bush had threatened to cut off this assistance in 1992 to discourage the building of Israeli settlements between Jerusalem and Bethlehem :*** http://www.newsmax.com/archives/articles/2002/4/28/112225.shtml One of the world's biggest sweet teeth is in the mouth of the Coca-Cola Company, user of vast amounts of sugar. One of the world's potentially biggest sweet teeth suppliers is Cuba, producer of vast amounts of sugar " .In 1991 Cuba was still a one-commodity country, as dependent on sugar cane exports as it had been before the revolution " http://www.globalexchange.org/campaigns/cuba/sustainable/worldwatchCu b a1997.html " Cuba's sugar mono-culture, amounting to around 4/5ths of total exports, and the country's heavy dependence on the US for both trade and investment, made Cuba extremely vulnerable to the whims of the US sugar market. " http://www.weltpolitik.net/regionen/amerika/1093.html%20 American " friendship " with Cuba could potentially mean that vast amounts of cheap Cuban sugar, produced by workers under guess what sorts of conditions, might well end up in Coca-Cola and similar products. Looked at that way Jimmy Carter's trip to Castro's Cuba may well have some interesting underpinnings. " Excerpt from Speech of Jimmy Carter November 12th, 1974 Commission on Foreign Relations In Georgia: " Georgia has a particular advantage over some states in that we have our own built in State Department in the Coca-Cola Company. They provide me, ahead of time, with much more penetrating analyses of what the country is, what it's problems are, who its leaders are, and when I arrive there , provide me with an introduction to the leaders of that country in every realm of life in which we have an interest. " " Jimmy Carter Speaks to Fulbrighters (excerpted from a transcript of President Carter's address.) I also want to thank Coca-Cola, who have made it-who has made it possible for this foundation to be successful and stable financially. When I was governor of Georgia, The Coca-Cola Company was my State Department. And everywhere I went, on missions of trade and commerce and understanding, when I got off the airplane, the Coca-Cola people would be there with a nice limousine, and the next morning they would arrange a meeting with all the business leaders of that country in its capital, and I would speak to them about the benefits of investing in Georgia and buying Georgia products, one of which, notcoincidentally, was Coca-Cola. " http://www.fulbright.org/prize/1994/carter2.htm " 1906 ~ The first two countries outside the United States to bottle Coca-Cola were Cuba and Panama. " http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/4269/history.html " In 1992 US Senator Torricelli introduced the Cuban Democracy Act which extended the trade ban to overseas subsidiaries of US companies, although this did not prevent firms like Coca Cola sending supplies to Cuba via Mexico . " . http://www.labor.net.au/worksite/cuba.html " Cuba's Coke, for example, comes from the Coca Cola Company of Mexico.*** Coca-Cola (is among the companies which have registered) their Cuban trademarks " http://mediastudy.com/articles/bdcuba3.html " stores in Cuba have numerous US products, including Coca-Cola " http://www.cubacenter.org/media/recent_briefs/us_embargo2.html " soda pops account for one-fourth of the annual sugar consumption in the United States " http://www.factmonster.com/ce5/CE009082.html Carter took a 3 week Latin American trip on Lockheed planes. Also please do a search for Lockheed Scandal in any internet search engine " Speaking Notes for The Carter Center Board of Councilors Meeting concerning the role of faith groups in health " http://www.ihpnet.org/bocmartxt.htm " Influential economic groups lobby the US against most of its actions opposing Khartoum. First, Sudan is the primary and by far the most important world producer of gum Arabic, a product indispensable to the fabrication of candies, soft drinks such as Coca-cola, and pharmaceuticals.*** most probably under the influence of these the oil and gum Arabic lobby groups, the US has begun softening its position on the issue of terrorism in Sudan. *** on September 27, 2001, the US abandoned its veto on the lifting of UN sanctions against Khartoum, and the multilateral sanctions were finally revoked. " http://www.jha.ac/articles/a085.htm " Back in 1996, when the U.S. slapped economic sanctions on Sudan for its alleged sponsorship of terrorism, one exception was made: gum arabic. This little known substance derived from Acacia trees is a critical ingredient in consumer products from soft drinks to candy bars and cosmetics to the ink in our daily newspapers. The CEOs of the huge corporations which manufacture these products lobbied heavily for the gum arabic exception to the Sudan trade sanctions. It seems that Sudan is the source of some 80% to 90% of the world's gum arabic supply. Ban all trade with Sudan and your corner grocery would be out of Coca Cola within a week. The exception was granted. Now comes the hard part. Although Osama bin Laden's ties to the pharmaceutical factory were " fuzzy, " it appears his ties to the Sudanese gum arabic industry may be more substantial. " http://www.sonic.net/~doretk/Issues/99-03%20SPR/enemy.html " In November of 1997, President Clinton issued an Executive Order to stop all trade and foreign investment in the country of Sudan. However, Sudan produces and exports 90% of the world's gum arabic, a raw material used in Coca-Cola and newspaper. An exception to the Order was made. Ironically, in August, (Osama bin-Laden) a man who, according to the Washington Post, controls the gum arabic industry, is suspect in the bombings of two U.S. embassies. " http://www.jhu.edu/~newslett/09-10-98/Features/8.html " Former President Carter met with 10 of Osama(bin Laden)' s brothers early in 2000 on a fund-raising trip for the Carter Center in Atlanta. *** After Mr. Carter and his wife followed up with breakfast with Bakr bin Laden in New York in September 2000, the bin Laden family gave $200,000 to the center.*** Carter got TEN MILLION DOLLARS FROM BCCI FOR THE CARTER LIBRARY. BCCI was deeply involved in financing the Presidential library, charities, and travel of President Jimmy Carter. Jimmy Carter was no fan of George McGovern. Carter called McGovern's proposed defense cuts " a radical departure from America's 200 year old desire to be able to defend itself " . Carter said McGovern's proposed cuts in defense would have " a devastating effect " on Georgia. Carter was flown to Brazil by Lockheed while still a Georgia politician. Nor was Carter a big friend of civil liberties. His 1976 position paper on crime quotes him as saying that: " Defendants who are repeatedly out on bail commit more crimes. The best deterrent to crime, from within the criminal justice system is the certainty of swift, firm punishment. That doesn't exist now. " On August 14th, 1970 Carter told the Atlanta Journal " All the policemen and firemen in the state are for me and Lester (Maddox) . I'm not kidding, you ask `em. " Lester Maddox was Carter's running mate in that election. http://www.mupress.org/webpages/books/short.html http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Oracle/9487/cvlrts64.htm " Lester Maddox, an Atlanta, Georgia restaurateur distributes axes to white customers and encourages them to scare off the three Negroes who want to enter. " Carter referred to Maddox as " the essence of the Democratic Party " and said " I'm proud to be on the ticket with him. " On September 15th, 1970 the Savannah Morning News reported that " Carter triumphantly tripped across Georgia, and along the way picked up the support of segregationist Roy Harris of Augusta. Harris , chairman of the American Independent Party ( George Wallace) In Georgia broke a self-imposed silence and said he will vote for Carter. Harris rode in a car with Carter From his law office in Augusta to a television station. On the way said Harris, " he asked me what I thought he should do and I told him to just keep doing what he's been doing. It appears now that most of the men who supported Wallace in 1968 are falling in behind Carter. " http://school.discovery.com/homeworkhelp/worldbook/atozhistory/c/0974 4 0.html " In 1970, political experts gave Carter little chance of winning the Democratic nomination for governor. The heavily favored candidate was Carl E. Sanders, a liberal who had served as governor from 1963 to 1967. During the campaign, Carter opposed the busing of students to achieve racial balance in schools. He also took other stands that were important to Georgia's rural, conservative voters. Carter's critics charged he was appealing for the support of segregationists. " The June 14th, 1970 Atlanta Constitution reported that: " Sanders is fighting off a determined Carter And a double-barreled anonymous smear campaign that is saturating the mails. Two weeks ago thousands of photographs that Sanders says were `doctored' were mailed out, showing Sanders receiving a champagne shampoo from a Negro basketball player. The photo was taken when Sanders was an owner of the Atlanta Hawks, and a member of his winning team was giving him the traditional treatment. The champagne soaking picture was mailed to white Baptist preachers and white barber shops all over the state. " Ray Abernethy, a former vice president of Carter's ad agency was quoted in a March 7th , 1976 article in THE DETROIT SUNDAY NEWS, : " Abernethy says that some Carter campaign operative incorporated the newspaper photo in a leaflet and distributed it in white conservative areas in an attempt to emphasize Sanders' harmony with blacks. " Abernethy Was quoted as saying: " We had an operation jokingly referred to as the `stink tank'. The objective was to help King take black votes away from Sanders. One of the things we did was to produce a series of last minute radio ads for King, (an African-American candidate used by Carter to divide and conquer). They ran on stations all over Georgia during the last few days of the campaign. The King radio blitz was financed out of Carter campaign funds. We laundered the Material through a small ad agency so the thing couldn't be traced back to the Carter campaign. " (JIMMY CARTER ALLEGEDLY GOT TEN MILLION DOLLARS FROM THE INFAMOUS ARAB CIA DRUG BANK: BCCI, FOR THE CARTER LIBRARY, ANDY YOUNG ALLEGEDLY GOT $100,000 FROM BCCI, JACKSON ALLEGEDLY GOT $5 MILLION DOLLARS FOR HIS OPERATION PUSH FROM IRAQ AND ALLEGEDLY GOT ANOTHER $5 MILLION DOLLARS FOR OPERATION PUSH FROM LIBYA) http://www.zoa.org/pressrel/19970923a.htm " The State Department's opposition to Jews living on Jerusalem's Mount of Olives on the grounds that it " changes the character " of the mostly-Arab neighborhood is reminiscent of Jimmy Carter's 1976 remark about protecting the " ethnic purity " of some American neighborhoods, the Zionist Organization of America (ZOA) said. " In 1976 Carter told a Boston rally that it would be all right to send children to segregated private schools. While Governor of Georgia Carter supported a one day school boycott to pressure the Georgia legislature To pass an anti-busing resolution calling for an anti-busing amendment to the Constitution. The Georgia NAACP said that during Carter's administration " the number of blacks (hired) have not significantly increased " and noted " little progress " of hiring blacks in the Highway Patrol Department, the Governor has ignored a telegram if necessary the NAACP will take action in court. " Carter said on February 17th, 1972 that the Georgia legislature should pass a resolution stating: " No student shall be assigned to nor compelled to attend any particular public school on account of race, religion, color or national origin " , Carter said that " If the legislature does not act on this amendment, it would be all right for Georgia parents to hold their children out of school briefly. The massive forced busing of students such as that now taking place in Richmond County is the most serious threat to education . " A few months AFTER the Kent State massacre http://www.may4.org/ " the May 4, 1970, tragedy at Kent State University: four students were killed and nine other students were injured when members of the Ohio National Guard fired 67 bullets into a crowd of unarmed students under the noonday sun during an anti-war demonstration " Carter said that as Governor of Georgia he would authorize the National Guard to : " take whatever action is necessary including shoot to kill orders to restore order.- I will not permit disruptions in our cities and on our college campuses. " " Coke's $1.5 million gift will give Latin America a leg up Wendy Bowman-Littler The Coca-Cola Co.'s Latin America Group has given $1.5 million to The Carter Center and Emory University***. The grant money will carry forward a new initiative that was announced in December 1997 by former U.S. President and head of The Carter Center Jimmy Carter, Emory President *** The grant will be distributed to Emory and The Carter Center in increments of $300,000 a year during the next five years (through 2002) to strengthen ties with Latin America and Caribbean communities, Diaz said. Half of the $1.5 million gift will be used to fund annual high-level conferences at The Carter Center during the next five years. The Carter Center's Latin American and Caribbean Program will bring together leaders in the areas of government, business and public service from throughout North, South and Central Latin America to establish a model for developing countries to strengthen investment potential in the region, Diaz said.*** " http://atlanta.bcentral.com/atlanta/stories/1998/08/31/newscolumn9.ht m l " The Center established its board in 1994. Chaired by former President Jimmy Carter with Rosalynn Carter as vice chair *** " the Board decides and supports the Center's mission and manages its property and assets. Members of the Board are appointed both by The Carter Center and Emory University, with the president of Emory serving as an ex-officio member. Jimmy Carter, Chair Rosalynn Carter, Vice Chair (other members include) Claus M. Halle, International Consultant The Coca-Cola Company " http://www.cartercenter.org/trustees.html " President Carter gave the green light for covert support to the Mujaheddin six months before the December 1979 invasion. In the words of then National Security Advisor Zbigniew Brzezinski, a major architect of Carter's policy, they were " drawing the Russians into the Afghan trap. " The US supported seven fundamentalist extremist groups throughout the 1980s and into the early 90s with cash, sophisticated weapons, and training to the tune of $5 billion-according to official figures. The secret Black Budget of the CIA reportedly quadrupled to $36 billion per year when Reagan became president in 1980, and some of this money went to support secret operations in Afghanistan. Some of the earliest training exercises took place inside the US, including rifle shooting at the High Rock gun club in Naugtuck, Connecticut. More technical training took place at the CIA's Camp Peary, nicknamed " The Farm, " northeast of Williamsburg, Virginia. Among the topics covered by training sessions were surveillance and countersurveillance, counter-terrorism, counter-narcotics and paramilitary operations. Around the same time, a source of private funding was sought for the war. Osama bin Laden, a man with " impeccable Saudi credentials " (his father's construction company had just been awarded a contract to rebuild and restore the holy sites in Mecca and Medina) was given " free rein in Afghanistan " by the CIA. Using his share of his family's business empire, he built training camps and airplane landing strips, and carved underground bunkers in the mountains of Afghanistan, all with Washington's approval. Just across the border, bin Laden's base in Pakistan was the Binoori mosque in Karachi. The prayer leader at this mosque was one Mullah Mohammed Omar, now " supreme leader " of the Taliban After the Soviet withdrawal in 1989, the Mujaheddin groups began turning their US-supplied weapons on each other, and on the civilian population of Afghanistan. In 1990, the CIA began supplying the Mujaheddin directly, rather than using Pakistan's ISI intelligence service as a conduit According to then chief of ISI's Afghanistan branch, Mohammad Youssaf, the CIA's aim was to " play on differences between the various factions and their commanders, " in an effort to " curb the power " of the factions and make way for an unknown " Transition Regime, " perhaps the Taliban. The CIA's propping up of the fundamentalist terrorists in Afghanistan began to show its consequences during this period. The first victims were the people of Afghanistan. The group getting the most US aid, led by Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, began rocket shelling Kabul. A close friend of bin Laden, Hekmatyar was understood by his benefactors to be " a nut, an extremist, and a very violent man " (US ambassador to Afghanistan Robert Neumann). In the 1970s he gained notoriety for throwing acid on the faces of women who refused to wear the veil. Journalist Michael Griffin writes of Kabul under Hekmatyar's onslaught: " no city since the end of the Second World War *** had suffered the same ferocity of jugular violence as Kabul from 1992 to 1996 ***. " From 1990-1994 45,000 civilians were killed, 300,000 had fled to Pakistan, and Kabul was " turned into a rubble " *** Most Afghans are now without livelihood, reduced to begging from international aid agencies. They currently live under the fascistic Taliban, who keep bin Laden safe. Terrorists trained and armed by the CIA to fight in Afghanistan have since been implicated in attacks on the World Trade Center in 1993, and in US embassy bombings in Kenya and Tanzania in 1998, which killed hundreds of people. These efforts pale in comparison to the recent destruction in Manhattan, Washington, and Pittsburgh. If proven guilty in fair trial, bin Laden should certainly be held accountable . ***. It was our officials who originally unleashed these forces of destruction on Afghanistan. Perhaps the faces of Zbigniew Brzezinski, William Casey, Jimmy Carter, and Ronald Reagan should be on the TV screen too, next to Osama bin Laden's and the empty holes in the ground where twin towers stood. The author is on the Board of Directors of the Afghan Women's Mission, and is a Staff Scientist at the California Institute of Technology. " http://www.zmag.org/ingallscalam.htm " U.S.: Cuba Has Bioweapon Program Mon May 13, 4:56 PM ET By BARRY SCHWEID, AP Diplomatic Writer WASHINGTON (AP) - The State Department held Monday to an assertion that Cuba has at least a limited biological warfare program and has provided such biotechnology to other nations. " We stand by every word of (Undersecretary of State) John Bolton's speech, " Otto Reich, the assistant secretary of state for the Western Hemisphere, told The Associated Press. Besides, Reich said, Carl Ford, the assistant secretary of state for intelligence and research, had given some of the same information to Congress at a March hearing. " http://story.news./news? tmpl=story & u=/ap/20020513/ap_on_go_ca _st_pe/us_cuba_4 " May 16, 2002 U.S. Challenges Cuba to Disprove Bioweapons Charge By REUTERS Filed at 6:31 p.m. ET WASHINGTON (Reuters) - The United States, which has accused Cuba of trying to develop biological weapons under the cover of its advanced pharmaceutical industry, said on Thursday Havana should open its laboratories to the international community. " http://www.nytimes.com/reuters/politics/politics-cuba-usa- bioweapons.h tml Another axis of evil: Carter, Castro, Arafat and his evil Holocaust Denying successor, Saddam, bin Laden Carter has proven that he is a vicious enemy of both Jews and of African Americans. He fits in well with bin Laden, " Arafat Sends Letter Of Thanks To Castro By Jim Burns. CNSNews.com Senior Staff Writer. June 15, 2001. CNS News (CNSNews.com) - Palestinian Leader Yasser Arafat sent a letter of thanks to Cuban Leader Fidel Castro for the communist leader's support of the Palestinians in their conflict with Israel. The Palestinian Ambassador to Cuba read the letter during a pro-Palestinian rally in front of the U.S. Interest Section offices in Havana on Thursday night. Castro along with Cuban Foreign Minister Felipe Perez Roque and Otto Rivero, president of the Cuban Union of Young Communists, as well as thousands of Cubans attended the rally. " http://www.cubanet.org/CNews/y01/jun01/18e7.htm " If Saddam was using another country as a surrogate in his efforts to develop biological weapons, the most logical one was Cuba. There are several reasons: i) Cuba has been developing biological weapons since the 1980s and has thousands of scientists and technicians working in its bioengineering and genetic industry, which is attached to Castro's office; ii) Castro is an ally of Saddam Husseim and shares with him a pathological hatred of the US; iii) Cuba is not subject to UN inspection; iv) it is an Stalinist society where there is no freedom of the press and an overwhelming repressive apparatus allows the regime to work in utmost secrecy; and, v) it is very close to the US mainland, allowing the use of migratory birds as " hosts " for viruses.. " http://www.nocastro.com/Terrorism/wnilevrs2.htm Here's another horror show that we are very thankful Carter did not get away with: " Mideast Mirror October 11, 1994 SECTION: IRAQ; Vol. 08, No. 196 HEADLINE: What's to be done about Saddam Hussein? * Seek a negotiated settlement with the help of the Arab League and Jimmy Carter- Mustafa Murad in al-Ahrar " http://inic.utexas.edu/menic/utaustin/course/oilcourse/mail/iraq/0012 .. html " bin laden a bigot excerpted from the 23rd January 2002 piece in the Chicago Tribune " Bin Laden and his quest for slaves Clarence Page Is Osama bin Laden, on top of his other sins, a racial bigot? That question crossed my mind as I was reading a translation of the amateur video of bin Laden that was made in November in Kandahar and released by the Bush administration. At one point, according to translators for the Bush administration and the Washington Post, bin Laden praises the two young Saudi brothers involved in the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks like this: " Killing oneself for the sake of God was better than the books and pamphlets. They [the brothers] made the whole world listen to them whether Arab or non-Arab or slaves [using a derogatory term for blacks] or Chinese. Better than millions of books, tapes or booklets. " The possibility that bin Laden refers to blacks with a derogatory word for slaves caught my eye, since he has long been suspected of supporting and even participating in the slave trafficking that still goes on in the Middle East, despite the efforts of modernists to wipe it out. In 1999, a report in the London Sunday Telegraph accused him of paying Ugandan rebels in rifles for every African child they supplied to work in the marijuana fields that fund Al Qaeda. The child of a wealthy Saudi construction family, bin Laden also is known to have lived in Sudan for several years, building roads and other infrastructure and ingratiating himself with Sudan's Taliban-like leaders. For years, American human-rights organizations have protested the trafficking of black Christians and other non-Muslims captured by government troops in the southern Sudan during that country's long civil war. " If he was in Sudan for five years, he [bin Laden] learned slurs like `abid' well because that's the word Sudanese elites tend to use for all blacks, " said Charles Jacobs, head of the Boston-based American Anti-Slavery Group, Telephone: 617-426-8161 198 Tremont Street, #421, Boston, MA 02116 E-mail: info http://www.anti-slavery.org/ which has made numerous abolitionist trips to Sudan. Indeed, other experts told me that " abid " or " abd " (Arabic spellings do not translate uniformly to the English alphabet) is about as offensive as you can be in some contexts, depending on how it is used. But George Michael, of Diplomatic Language Services, an Egyptian who helped translate the tape for the Bush administration, said the word he heard was not " abid " but " zingi " or " zinge, " which he views as more offensives than " abd. " " Bin Laden is well-educated, " said Michael, who practiced pharmacy in Saudi Arabia. " A well-educated person would not use that word in public. " This touched off a dispute among other experts I contacted. Walid Phares, a Florida Atlantic University professor of Middle East studies, said he distinctly heard the word " abid " on the videotape, although he conceded that the government's playback machines undoubtedly were more clear than his. Nevertheless, he thought the word " abid " was much worse than " zingi, " a word that generally refers to sub-Saharan Africans, slave or free. In his world, God-Allah gives rights only to those who to the same narrow Wahabism sect that grounds Al Qaeda and the Taliban. Everyone else is inferior, even if they believe fully in Islam's other tenets. *** There also is a dangerous ideology behind the evil*** known popularly as Islamism. It's not always easy to figure out what bin Laden and his gang are talking about, but one message rings clear. If they had their way, they'd make slaves of all of us, not just Africans. " http://www.miraserve.com/pressrev/EN23Jan02.htm We continue to urge that you contact President Bush http://www.whitehouse.govto urge him to abandon the so-called " Road Map " , which we feel would result in all out war because an Israel without strategic depth, i.e. without full control of 100% of Judea and Samaria , the so-called " West Bank " , a misnomer if ever there was one, would have to respond to the inevitable arab attack with everything it had on minute one of the attack. Please tell President Bush to permanently and completely abandon his call for the establishment of a so-called " palestinian " state. We should never reward terrorism. Terrorism must be punished. On the plus side although we are not affiliated with either party, witness our call above to President Bush to permanently and completely abandon his call for a so-called " palestinian " state ,The Republican National Committeewww.gop.com has a video that illustrates the point of Democrats being soft on national security issues. They describe it as follows: " When it comes to leading Democrats and Iraq, we've seen it all. First, they voted for the war; then they claimed it was a lie. Some Democrats have called for immediate withdrawal, others call for a phased withdrawal, and others are saying they won't have a position until it's " the right time " . Now, some of the democrat leaders have taken their most extreme and dangerous position yet; predicting the defeat of our troops in Iraq. Watch the new web video, " Retreat and Defeat, " that exposes this cut-and-run strategy for what it is.Watch Howard Dean saying that we won't win in Iraq, and John Kerry talking about our troops " terrorizing " children in the dead of night. Think about the message this sends to our troops; that we will be intimidated by terrorists and assassins, and that we walk away from their mission. Our troops are watching. America is watching. Send these Democrats the message that surrender is not an option; and that we stand together with our troops for victory in Iraq. Sincerely, Ken Mehlman Chairman, Republican National Committee Republican National Committee | 310 First Street, SE | Washington, DC 20003 e: info p: 202.863.8500 | f: 202.863.8820 | " All of which brings us to the matter of electronic intelligence. So-called " elint " , gleaned from phone calls, faxes, emails, etc. intercepted by the NSA, (National Security Agency), is in the news because of the matter of the approval, or alleged lack of approval, by Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) courts of that elint. The question of course is, " Who watches the watchers? " or " Who guards the guards? " as the old saying goes. Not only the NSA and the President and those delegated by the President but the FISA courts themselves. Who appointed the judges? Who hired the clerks? Who safeguards the records of FISA courts from hackers? Could one or more of those working at FISA, from Judges to Clerks,etc. be working for one or more enemies of America? We certainly hope not, but we do not know one way or the other. If you had a case in which intelligence might lead you to believe that a weapons of mass destruction attack on America, or one, or more, of its allies, was imminent and you were the President of the United States, would you put safeguarding your own political interests by covering yourself and your proverbial rear end by getting a FISA warrant ahead of everything else, or would you do your sworn duty to protect America and its citizens by authorizing the electronic intercepts to prevent such an attack? We are thankful that President Bush appears to have done the latter rather than the former. So who can you trust? Is the X-Files mantra: " trust no one " applicable? Kim Philby , secretly a colonel in the old Soviet KGB, penetrated British intelligence where he rose to become the head of anti-Soviet activities for British intelligence, where he worked in liaison with the American FBI and CIA, while secretly reporting on all of this to Moscow. Would you have trusted Philby before he was unmasked? Many made that terrible mistake. Can you trust the FISA courts, from judges to clerks, etc. with the security of the United States and its allies? If you go to http://www.fbi.gov/libref/historic/famcases/ames/ames.htm you will see the story of Aldrich Ames, " arrested by the FBI in Arlington, Virginia on espionage charges on February 24, 1994. At the time of his arrest, Ames was a 31-year veteran of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), who had been spying for the Russians since 1985. " If you go to http://www.fbi.gov/libref/historic/famcases/hanssen/hanssen.htm you will see the story of Robert Philip Hanssen " a veteran FBI counterintelligence Agent " (who) " was arrested by the FBI and charged with committing espionage by providing highly classified national security information to Russia and the former Soviet Union. " My Silent War, The Autobiography of a Spy Kim Philby, Introduction by Phillip Knightley Foreword by Greene Graham " Harold Adrian Russell (Kim) Philby (1912 - 1988) Harold Adrian Russell (Kim) Philby Harold Adrian Russell (Kim) Philby was a senior officer in the British Secret Intelligence Service (SIS) for ten years, but was actually an agent of the Soviet KGB. *** " http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/philby_harold.shtml " Kim Philby born Jan. 1, 1912, Ambala, India died May 11, 1988, Moscow, Russia, U.S.S.R. byname of Harold Adrian Russell Philby British intelligence officer until 1951 and the most successful Soviet double agent of the Cold War period. While a student at the University of Cambridge, Philby became a Communist and in 1933 a Soviet agent. He worked as a journalist until 1940, when Guy Burgess, a British secret agent who was himself a Soviet double agent, recruited Philby… " source: http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9059646 " December 20th, 2005, c.e. Clinton Claimed Authority to Order No-Warrant Searches Does anyone remember that? In a little-remembered debate from 1994, the Clinton administration argued that the president has " inherent authority " to order physical searches — including break-ins at the homes of U.S. citizens — for foreign intelligence purposes without any warrant or permission from any outside body. Even after the administration ultimately agreed with Congress's decision to place the authority to pre-approve such searches in the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) court, President Clinton still maintained that he had sufficient authority to order such searches on his own. " The Department of Justice believes, and the case law supports, that the president has inherent authority to conduct warrantless physical searches for foreign intelligence purposes, " Deputy Attorney General Jamie Gorelick testified before the Senate Intelligence Committee on July 14, 1994, " and that the President may, as has been done, delegate this authority to the Attorney General. " " It is important to understand, " Gorelick continued, " that the rules and methodology for criminal searches are inconsistent with the collection of foreign intelligence and would unduly frustrate the president in carrying out his foreign intelligence responsibilities. " Executive Order 12333, signed by Ronald Reagan in 1981, provides for such warrantless searches directed against " a foreign power or an agent of a foreign power. " Reporting the day after Gorelick's testimony, the Washington Post's headline — on page A-19 — read, " Administration Backing No-Warrant Spy Searches. " The story began, " The Clinton administration, in a little-noticed facet of the debate on intelligence reforms, is seeking congressional authorization for U.S. spies to continue conducting clandestine searches at foreign embassies in Washington and other cities without a federal court order. The administration's quiet lobbying effort is aimed at modifying draft legislation that would require U.S. counterintelligence officials to get a court order before secretly snooping inside the homes or workplaces of suspected foreign agents or foreign powers. " In her testimony, Gorelick made clear that the president believed he had the power to order warrantless searches for the purpose of gathering intelligence, even if there was no reason to believe that the search might uncover evidence of a crime. " Intelligence is often long range, its exact targets are more difficult to identify, and its focus is less precise, " Gorelick said. " Information gathering for policy making and prevention, rather than prosecution, are its primary focus. " The debate over warrantless searches came up after the case of CIA spy Aldrich Ames. Authorities had searched Ames's house without a warrant, and the Justice Department feared that Ames's lawyers would challenge the search in court. Meanwhile, Congress began discussing a measure under which the authorization for break-ins would be handled like the authorization for wiretaps, that is, by the FISA court. In her testimony, Gorelick signaled that the administration would go along a congressional decision to place such searches under the court — if, as she testified, it " does not restrict the president's ability to collect foreign intelligence necessary for the national security. " In the end, Congress placed the searches under the FISA court, but the Clinton administration did not back down from its contention that the president had the authority to act when necessary. • Byron York, NR's White House correspondent, is the author of The Vast Left Wing Conspiracy: The Untold Story of How Democratic Operatives, Eccentric Billionaires, Liberal Activists, and Assorted Celebrities Tried to Bring Down a President — and Why They'll Try Even Harder Next Time. Frankly we would not have trusted Bill Clinton, who turned the US Air Force into Air bin Laden,in support of bin Laden's thugs in the Kosovo War of 1999, with doing the job we expect of Presidents. Nor would we have trusted BCCI's pal Jimmy Carter, with doing the job we expect of Presidents. So if you cannot trust Clinton or Carter, why trust the security of FISA courts, judges, clerks, or data to be secure at the possible expense of the lives of the Americans and the lives of the peoples of the allies of America? " BCCI, THE CIA AND FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE The Official Record The CIA's first user request in connection with BCCI was from the Federal Reserve in 1981, which asked the CIA whether the CIA had any derogatory information concerning the Middle Eastern shareholders who were about to buy Financial General Bankshares (FGB), which later became First American Bankshares, through the holding company CCAH. The CIA, after reviewing its records, told the Federal Reserve that it had no derogatory information on the shareholders, who included Kamal Adham and Abdul Raouf Khalil, the past and then- current Saudi intelligence liaisons to the United States.(10) The CIA did not tell the Federal Reserve that Adham and Khalil were foreign intelligence liaisons of the United States, nor did it advise the Federal Reserve that both Adham and a third FGB shareholder, Faisal al-Fulaij, had been the subject of a Securities and Exchange Commission probe in connection with violations of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act by Boeing and Lockheed for arms sales to Saudi Arabia.(11) 11. Staff interview, Virgil Mattingly, Federal Reserve, June, 1991, and review of Federal Reserve documents. Clark Clifford had his own long-standing ties to Khashoggi. In 1981, Khashoggi took $250,000 from Northrop intended for Saudi Arabian Air Force General Hashim M. Hashim. Four years later, Northrop released documents accusing Khashoggi of demanding the bribe for the general, and then converting it to his own use, Khashoggi retained Clifford to represent him in the subsequent federal grand jury investigation of the matter. Significantly, both Kamal Adham and Faisal al Fulaij, BCCI's front-men for the 1981 takeover, were investigated as well as Khashoggi for taking money from Northrop and Lockheed in connection with U.S. arms sales to Saudi Arabia.(83) 83. The New York Times, p. 56, September 3, 1975. " material immediately above found at url immediately below: http://www.fas.org/irp/congress/1992_rpt/bcci/11intel.htm another notorious supporter of the Dubai deal is one Danny Glover A list entitled: " The Ten Most Dishonorable Americans " listed none other than Danny Glover as Number 3: " 3. Danny Glover: Also joining the chorus of affluent America-haters is actor Danny Glover, who, while attending last year's International Festival of New Latin American Film in Cuba, condemned U.S. sanctions and threats of a war against Iraq. " Our government has declared itself an uncontested empire, " Glover said, agreeing with Harry Belafonte's assertion that the Bush administration seeks only " to extend its imperialist, economic and political domination all over the planet. " " My position on the war is very clear, " says Glover, " above all for the impact that it will have on women and children in Iraq who are already suffering the consequences of sanctions. " He does not mention that the sanctions are in place for one reason alone: Saddam's utter refusal to comply with the terms to which he agreed following the Gulf War. At the February 15 " peace " rally in New York, Glover had nothing negative to say about Saddam, while he condemned President Bush and " his administration of liars and murderers. " Glover came in ahead of " 4. John Walker Lindh: The " American Taliban " on that list. source: http://www.frontpagemag.com/Articles/ReadArticle.asp?ID=6432 Glover is also to be found as a participant in an anti-Israel event at http://www.adl.org/Israel/israel_protest_calendar_archive_2003.asp which kept track of anti-Israel events. in " THE NEW WAR ON THE JEWS Peace Movement or War on the Jews? By Greg Yardley FrontPageMagazine.com October 28, 2003 " Yardley noted that: " Fellow headline speaker Danny Glover screamed himself hoarse, calling America an `empire' and assuring the crowd they were `speaking truth to power'. " source: http://www.dafka.org/NewsGen.asp?S=4 & PageID=543 " Tuesday, July 26, 2005 9:40 a.m. EDT Chavez' New TV Station Praises Castro, Danny Glover, Latin Supporters A new TV station backed by Venezuela's government began transmitting Sunday in various countries across Latin America, carrying praise by Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez, the American actor Danny Glover and others….Glover, a station board member and strong supporter of Chavez, said the station has a key role acting as a counterbalance to the " giant to the north. " source: http://www.newsmax.com/archives/ic/2005/7/26/94229.shtml " Abu Dhabi is the largest of the seven emirates that comprise the United Arab Emirates and was also the largest of the former Trucial States. Abu Dhabi is also a city of the same name within the Emirate that is the capital of the country, in north central UAE. The city lies on a T-shaped island jutting into the Persian Gulf from the central western coast. An estimated 1,000,000 lived there in 2000, with about an 80% expatriate population… " http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Dhabi " BCCI, THE CIA AND FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE Introduction The relationships involving BCCI, the CIA, and members of the United States and foreign intelligence communities have been among the most perplexing aspects of understanding the rise and fall of BCCI. The CIA's and BCCI's mutual environments of secrecy have been one obvious obstacle. For many months, the CIA resisted providing information to the Subcommittee about its involvement with and knowledge of BCCI. Moreover, key players who might explain these relationships are unavailable. Some, including former CIA director William Casey, and BCCI customers and Iranian arms dealers Ben Banerjee and Cyrus Hashemi, are dead. Others, including most of BCCI's key insiders, remain held incommunicado in Abu Dhabi. While promising in public hearings to provide full cooperation to the Subcommittee, to date the Abu Dhabi government has refused to make any BCCI officers available for interview by the Subcommittee. Former BCCI chairman Agha Hasan Abedi remains severely incapacitated due to a heart attack. Finally, some persons in a position to know portions of the truth have denied having any memory of events in which they participated and of documents which they reviewed. …Other Iranian Arms Dealers and BCCI Ben Banerjee…Documents obtained by the Subcommittee, filed in a British criminal case later brought against Aspin for fraud in connection with the attempted sale of the American TOW missiles to Iran in 1984, and a second attempted sale in 1985, include a " pro- forma invoice, " dated November 21, 1985, for the supply and delivery of 1250 units of BCM 71A TOW MISSILES, manufactured in the USA, " all brand new in manufacturers original packing, " from B.R. & W. Industries, Ltd., signed by Ben Banerjee, U.S., denominated " lift trucks " for the purpose of bank and customs documentation, and handled by BCCI in London. The invoice was accompanied by telexes and letters on BCCI stationary of a nature and type ordinarily used by BCCI, showing BCCI providing counter guarantees and letters of credit for a transaction involving the " lift trucks " in November and December, 1985, involving the Iranian government and its bank, Bank Melli, and channeled through the Arabian Gate General Trading Co. of Dubai, United Arab Emirates.(86) In staff interviews, BCCI Paris manager Chinoy confirmed that Banerjee banked with BCCI in London and was involved in " large dealings with Iran. " (87) SOURCE: http://www.fas.org/irp/congress/1992_rpt/bcci/11intel.htm from another source: " The player behind Dubai Ports World, UAE President and Emir of Abu Dhabi, Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahayan, is the son of the founder of Bank of Commrce and Credit International (BCCI), " according to a U.S. Senate committee report issued in 1992 " Abu Dhabi was present at BCCI's creation as one of two providers of BCCI's capital. It was BCCI's largest depositor, and its largest borrower, and for most of BCCI's existence, its largest shareholder. The relationship between the two entities was, as Price Waterhouse told the Bank of England days before BCCI's closure, " very close, " with BCCI providing services to the ruling family of Abu Dhabi far beyond the ordinary relationship of a bank to either its shareholders or depositors... ....As Abu Dhabi's representative, Ahmed Al Sayegh, testified, " in excess of $2 billion was entrusted to Abedi and Naqvi for investment by Their Highnesses Sheikh Zayed and Sheikh Khalifa under a power of attorney between 1980 and 1990. " (32) Al Sayegh did not identify how much in excess of $2 billion was entrusted to BCCI, but given Abu Dhabi's testimony that it lost $6 billion in all in BCCI's collapse, the amount must have been considerable. ABU DHABI: BCCI'S FOUNDING AND MAJORITY SHAREHOLDERS Introduction There was no relationship more central to BCCI's existence from its inception than that between BCCI and Sheikh Zayed and the ruling family of Abu Dhabi. Abu Dhabi was present at BCCI's creation as one of two providers of BCCI's capital. It was BCCI's largest depositor, and its largest borrower, and for most of BCCI's existence, its largest shareholder. The relationship between the two entities was, as Price Waterhouse told the Bank of England days before BCCI's closure, " very close, " with BCCI providing services to the ruling family of Abu Dhabi far beyond the ordinary relationship of a bank to either its shareholders or depositors.(1) There are numerous examples of the centrality of the Abu Dhabi relationship to BCCI, and its unusual nature. In 1972, when BCCI was created, Abu Dhabi shareholders purchased 20 percent of its stock with an investment of $500,000, and then generously agreed to have that interest drop to just over one percent of BCCI just three years later. In January, 1978, when BCCI decided to enter the United States and purchase shares in Financial General Bankshares, and needed two additional names, the ruling family of Abu Dhabi supplied them. In 1980 and 1981, when BCCI needed a purchaser for Bank of America's shares in BCCI, and had no one other than its bogus Grand Caymans bank-within-a-bank, ICIC, to buy them, Abu Dhabi stepped in once again to increase its interest in BCCI. Throughout the 1970's and 1980's, the Abu Dhabi ruling family and the Abu Dhabi government placed billions of dollars in deposits at BCCI and its affiliates, such as ICIC, giving BCCI and its head, Agha Hasan Abedi, the right to manage those assets, and a power of attorney to act in the name of Sheikh Zayed. In 1990, when accountants and regulators in the United Kingdom found fraud at BCCI, the Abu Dhabi ruling family and government stepped in again, agreeing to formally buy the bank, assert control, guarantee its losses, replace BCCI's head with the head of its own BCCI affiliate, the Bank of Credit and Commerce Emirates (BCCE), move BCCI's operations and records from London to Abu Dhabi, and work on a plan to find a way to save the bank despite its having acknowledged " mishandling " at least $2.2 billion of Abu Dhabi's money. By July 5, 1991, when BCCI was closed globally, the Government of Abu Dhabi, its ruling family, and an investment company holding the assets of the ruling family, were the controlling, and official " majority " shareholders of BCCI—owning 77 percent of the bank. But since the remaining 23 percent was actually held by nominees and by BCCI's alter-ego ICIC, Abu Dhabi was in fact BCCI's sole owner. After July 5, 1991, it was in Abu Dhabi that most of BCCI's top officials remained, where they remain under the control of the Abu Dhabi government, under conditions said to be luxurious, which the Abu Dhabi government refuses to discuss. While there, they have remained incommunicado, and out of the reach of foreign investigators, unwilling, or unable, to tell the world what happened. In short, there is no question that the relationship between Abu Dhabi and BCCI was central to both, and that no adequate understanding of BCCI is possible without an understanding of the Abu Dhabi relationship. Yet according to the testimony presented to the Subcommittee by Abu Dhabi, that relationship was one that boiled down to little more than victim (Abu Dhabi) and criminal (Abedi and BCCI). In essence, according to Abu Dhabi, BCCI abused Abu Dhabi's trust by stealing deposits and mismanaging a bank it owned, making Abu Dhabi by its own account BCCI's largest victim, losing what it describes as some $6 billion in all. Thus, by Abu Dhabi's account, it never knew that most or all of BCCI's shareholders were front-men or nominees for BCCI, including the heads of state of several of the smaller sheikhdoms of the United Arab Emirates of which Sheikh Zayed is president, sheikhs who are generally understood to treat Sheikh Zayed with great deference. It never knew that such prominent shareholders as Kamal Adham and A.R. Khalil, two successive heads of Saudi intelligence, were also nominees for the bank, along with such well-known Middle Eastern financial figures as Faisal Fulaij of Kuwait and Ghaith Pharaon of Saudi Arabia. Unlike these other figures, who were part of BCCI's deceptions, and who by Abu Dhabi's account participated in BCCI's schemes to deceive Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi contends it was innocent of wrongdoing, and utterly duped.(2) To quote the testimony of Abu Dhabi's witness before the Subcommittee, Ahmed Al Sayegh: We didn't know anything about the bank [bCCI] because of our passive role in the past [prior to taking control in April 1990].(3) However, unlike any other shareholder, officer, attorney, agent or depositor of BCCI, Abu Dhabi has been in the position, since April, 1990, of having total control over BCCI's records. At least eighteen of its key officers, who have remained held incommunicado and under house arrest in Abu Dhabi since BCCI's collapse. During that period, Abu Dhabi has chosen not to make any of these witnesses available to U.S. law enforcement. While it did, temporarily, make some key documents available to the Federal Reserve concerning the involvement of non-Abu Dhabi figures in BCCI's wrongdoing prior to BCCI's closure, it has at all times prevented federal investigators from having free access to BCCI's records, and all access to those records has been ended since July 5, 1991. Thus, Abu Dhabi has remained throughout the past fourteen months in the position of being able either to prove its assertions, or risk disproving them, through the simple act of granting access to the critical BCCI information it alone controls, in witnesses and documents. Yet it has chosen not to do so. In the process, Abu Dhabi has made, and broken, repeated commitments to provide both witnesses and documents to the Justice Department, the New York District Attorney, and the Senate, going as far back as November, 1990, and continuing to the present. Given Abu Dhabi's suppression of critical information about its role in BCCI, its contention that it is innocent of all wrongdoing in connection with BCCI, would, on this basis alone, inevitably be viewed with some skepticism. But despite Abu Dhabi's withholding of essential witnesses and documents, BCCI financial records obtained to date by investigators, together with testimony and statements from BCCI insiders, outline a picture of the relationship which suggests that Abu Dhabi officials were indeed knowing participants in substantial wrongdoing pertaining to BCCI's activities in the United States and elsewhere, that members of the Abu Dhabi ruling family participated in risk- free investments in BCCI banks, and that Abu Dhabi officials engaged, as of April, 1990 on some issues and on others much earlier, in a cover-up of fraudulent activity involving BCCI, which continues, in substantial part, to this day. Findings ** Members of Abu Dhabi's ruling family appear to have contributed no more than $500,000 to BCCI's capitalization prior to April 1990, despite being the record owner of almost one-quarter of the bank's total shares, with a book value of over $750 million as of December 31, 1989. However, the Abu Dhabi Investment Authority, holder of a 10 percent interest in BCCI beginning in 1980, appears to have made some cash payments for its interest in BCCI, which had a book value of approximately $250 million as of December 31, 1989. An unknown but substantial percentage of the shares acquired by Abu Dhabi overall in BCCI appear to have been acquired on a risk-free basis— either with guaranteed rates of return, buy-back arrangements, or both. ** The apparent interest held in BCCI by the Abu Dhabi ruling family, like the apparent interests held by the rulers of the three other gulf sheikdoms in the United Arab Emirates who owned shares of BCCI, materially aided and abetted Abedi and BCCI in projecting the illusion that BCCI was backed by, and capitalized by, Abu Dhabi's wealth. However, Abu Dhabi provided BCCI only the use of its name rather than substantial capital, until at least 1980-1981. At that time, " investments " made in BCCI by the Abu Dhabi Investment Authority to purchase shares of BCCI sold by the Bank of America to ICIC, appear to have involved actual payments from Abu Dhabi, according to some documents, on a no-risk, guaranteed return basis. ** Shares in Financial General Bankshares held by members of the Abu Dhabi ruling family in late 1977 and early 1978 appear to have been nominee arrangements, adopted by Abu Dhabi as a convenience to BCCI and Abedi, under arrangements in which Abu Dhabi was to be without risk, and BCCI was to guarantee the purchase through a commitment to buy-back the stock at an agreed upon price. Later, one of the two original members of the Abu Dhabi ruling family in fact sold back his shares to another BCCI front-man, Kamal Adham. ** Abu Dhabi's representative to BCCI's board of directors, Ghanim al Mazrui, received unorthodox financial benefits from BCCI in no- risk stock deals which may have compromised his ability to exercise independent judgment concerning BCCI's actions; confirmed at least one fraudulent transaction involving Abu Dhabi; and engaged in other improprieties pertaining to BCCI; but remains today in place at the apex of Abu Dhabi's committee designated to respond to BCCI's collapse. ** In April, 1990, Abu Dhabi was told in detail about BCCI's fraud by top BCCI officials, and failed to advise BCCI's external auditors of what it had learned. Between April, 1990 and November, 1990, Abu Dhabi and BCCI together kept some information concerning BCCI's frauds hidden from the auditors. ** From April, 1990 through July 5, 1991, Abu Dhabi tried to save BCCI through a massive restructuring. As part of the restructuring process, Abu Dhabi agreed to take responsibility for BCCI's losses, Price Waterhouse agreed to certify BCCI's books for another year, and Abu Dhabi, Price Waterhouse, the Bank of England, and BCCI agreed to keep all information concerning BCCI's frauds and other problems secret from BCCI's one million depositors, as well as from U.S. regulators and law enforcement, to prevent a run on the bank. ** After the Federal Reserve was advised by the New York District Attorney of possible nominee arrangements involving BCCI and First American, Abu Dhabi, in an apparent effort to gain the Federal Reserve's acquiescence in BCCI's proposed restructuring, provided limited cooperation to the Federal Reserve, including access to selected documents. The cooperation did not extend to permitting the Federal Reserve open access to all BCCI documents, or substantive communication with key BCCI officials held in Abu Dhabi, such as BCCI's former president, Swaleh Naqvi. Access was sufficient, however, to permit the Federal Reserve to identify critical documents regarding frauds involving non-Abu Dhabi shareholders and borrowers of BCCI and BCCI itself pertaining to CCAH/First American, the National Bank of Georgia and the Independence Bank. That access ended with the closure of BCCI July 5, 1991. ** From November, 1990 until September 21, 1992, Abu Dhabi failed to provide documents and witnesses to U.S. law enforcement authorities and to the Congress, despite repeated commitments to do so. Instead, it actively prevented U.S. investigators from having access to vital information necessary to investigate BCCI's global wrongdoing. As of September 21, 1992, Abu Dhabi began making certain documents available for review by U.S. law enforcement, in a move apparently timed to coincide with the publication of this report. No representation has been made by Abu Dhabi, or by U.S. law enforcement, as to the significance or completeness of the documents Abu Dhabi selected for law enforcement review at its Washington, D.C. Embassy. Moreover, none of the BCCI officials held in Abu Dhabi have yet to be made available for interview by U.S. law enforcement. At the time of writing of this report, none of the newly available documents had been made offered by Abu Dhabi for review by the Subcommittee.(4) ** The proposed agreement between Abu Dhabi and BCCI's liquidators to settle their claims against one another contains provisions which could have the consequence of permitting Abu Dhabi to cover up wrongdoing it may have had in connection with BCCI. ** Answers by Abu Dhabi's representative to key questions from the Subcommittee about Abu Dhabi's role in BCCI, were non-responsive, evasive, and misleading, although for the most part artfully crafted to avoid being literally untrue. ** There is some evidence that the Sheikh Zayed may have had a political agenda in agreeing to the involvement of members of the Abu Dhabi ruling family and its investment authority in purchasing shares of Financial General Bankshares, then of CCAH/First American. This evidence is offset, in part, by testimony that Abu Dhabi share purchases in the U.S. bank were done at Abedi's request and did not represent an actual investment by Abu Dhabi until much later. Origin and Nature of BCCI-Abu Dhabi Relationship The chapter on BCCI's early history describes in detail the early history of Abu Dhabi and BCCI, which is recapitulated in summary form here. Abu Dhabi is the largest and wealthiest member of the United Arab Emirates, an oil-rich federation of sheikhdoms, formed in 1971, whose rulers own all the land and natural resources of their nations in fee simple absolute, with no distinctions being made among the wealth of the ruler, his family, and the nation itself. Sheikh Zayed of Abu Dhabi, installed in 1966 as head of the newly wealthy oil state through a British-led coup against his brother in 1966, soon after developed a relationship with Agha Hasan Abedi, head of the United Bank of Pakistan. Six years later, when Abedi decided to form BCCI, he did so after receiving the blessing of Sheikh Zayed, and a commitment of support. That support involved a tiny capital contribution to the bank by Abu Dhabi -- $500,000 -- and a huge placement of petrodollars. As set forth in the chapter on BCCI's early history in some detail, the relationship between BCCI and Sheikh Zayed exceeded normal standards of bank/client relationships in a number of respects. BCCI was not merely a bank owned in part by Sheikh Zayed. Sheikh Zayed was not merely BCCI's largest depositor. BCCI for many years handled almost every financial matter of consequence for the Sheikh and his family, as well planning, managing, and carrying out trips abroad, and a wide range of services limited only by the desires of the Al Nayhan family itself.(5) In his testimony of May 18, 1992, Abu Dhabi's representative Ahmed Al Sayegh suggested that Abedi's role in Abu Dhabi has been much overstated: When Mr. Abedi was a respected banker and founder of BCCI, his role, therefore, was limited to his bank. . . . His role in the case, I guess, was limited to inducing potential investors in making commitments to his bank, whether buying shares or placing deposits. . . He was not a financial advisor [to Abu Dhabi or Sheikh Zayed].(6) Other information obtained by the Subcommittee from many sources demonstrates that Al Sayegh's testimony on this point was untrue. In fact, for over twenty years, Abedi created and managed a network of foundations, corporations, and investment entities for Abu Dhabi's ruling family, of a complexity similar to the network he had created at BCCI itself. BCCI handled the financing arrangements for many of these entities, and managed a variety of Abu Dhabi's portfolio accounts in U.S. dollars.(7) As far back as 1969 and 1970, when Abedi was still head of the United Bank in Pakistan, Abedi established a cargo shipping company, the Hilal Group, operated by Associated Shipping Services, Limited, London, as an operational company for Abu Dhabi's Department of Private Affairs. Though primarily used to own cargo ships, the entity was also used for trading in equities, holding property investments, and other direct investments. One of the entities owned by Hilal Group, Progressive Investment, had Abedi on its board. Later, when BCCI established the Cromwell Hospital in London to provide a medical facility for the Abu Dhabi ruling family and other prominent Middle Easterners, Abedi arranged for the financing of the purchase for Abu Dhabi through a complex series of transactions involving BCCI and a shell corporation holding Sheikh Zayed's interests by which BCCI lent the funds for the hospital in pounds against dollar accounts of the Department of Private Affairs, with the result that the hospital investment did not appear on the books of the Department.(8) Moreover, BCCI and Abu Dhabi also engaged in a series of joint ventures, managed by BCCI, throughout the 1980's. Typical of such ventures was the China-Arab bank, a joint venture of BCCI and the Abu Dhabi Investment Authority, established in China in 1985 coincident with BCCI's opening of offices in China, to use funds from Abu Dhabi to invest in China. BCCI accounting records show a number of other ventures involving BCCI and Abu Dhabi in China, as well as numerous financial relationships involving BCCI and Abu Dhabi interests throughout the 1980's.(9) Contrary to Al Sayegh's testimony, Abedi had broad authority over the investments and finances of the ruling family until his stroke in 1989. As the present chairman of the Department of Private Affairs of Sheikh Zayed, Ghanim Al Mazrui testified in civil litigation in 1982, Abedi could even be viewed as an official of the Abu Dhabi government, because of his position on the Abu Dhabi committee responsible for overseeing Abu Dhabi's wealth.(10) As Bert Lance observed, the relationship was exceedingly intimate: Mr. Abedi . . . had, in effect, for lack of a better term, been kind and attentive to Sheikh Zayed when he was still wandering around in the desert and he had all his assets in his tent somewhere . . . I think this is important to you as you search for the truth, to understand that that relationship went back a long way—and it went back before Sheikh Zayed became " the richest man in the world " at that point in time, with an income of some $4 billion or $5 billion, as the press reported; that there had been a relationship that had developed that Mr. Abedi had helped Sheikh Zayed when he had no real power or influence . . . Sheikh Zayed had absolute and total trust and coincidence in Mr. Abedi, that whatever Mr. Abedi said or suggested was something that Sheikh Zayed would look on with favor; that Mr. Abedi had, in effect, built the house where we were [meeting with Sheikh Zayed in his palace] outside of Lahore without any guidance or direction from Sheikh Zayed, and it was that sort of relationship. It was very, very unique.(11) BCCI also provided members of the Abu Dhabi ruling family with personal services, ranging from Sheikh Zayed's own modest needs to the more elaborate requirements of his sons and members of his retinue. A history of BCCI's protocol department, and its relationship to Abu Dhabi, is set forth in the chapter on BCCI's early history. Throughout the first critical decade of BCCI's eighteen year existence, as much as 50% of BCCI's overall assets were from Abu Dhabi and the Al Nayhan family, who were earning about $750 million a year in oil revenues in the early 1970's, an amount that rose to nearly $10 billion a year by the end of the decade. Until the formation of a separate affiliate, the Bank of Credit and Commerce Emirates (BCCE), BCCI functioned as the official bank for the Gulf emirates, and handled a substantial portion of Abu Dhabi's oil revenues. And yet from the beginning, there was an oddity about this central relationship: at no time while Abedi was in charge of BCCI did Abu Dhabi hold more than a small share of BCCI's recorded shares. Abu Dhabi appears not to have invested substantial funds in BCCI, but instead to have insisted on guaranteed rates of return for the use of its money. Thus, rather than being a major investor in BCCI, in the early years, Abu Dhabi only agreed to place extremely large sums of money as deposits at the bank, which BCCI used in lieu of capital. As a result of the Abedi-Zayed agreement, Abedi now had essentially unlimited resources to create BCCI. He could now act simultaneously as manager of billions of Sheikh Zayed's personal wealth, as banker to the United Arab Emirates of which Sheikh Zayed was chief of state, and as chairman of a new bank that had guaranteed assets of hundreds of millions of dollars from its inception.(12) Abedi thus relied on the Sheikh's resources to finance his rapid expansion, not through capital investment, but as a huge depositor. The result was BCCI's finances quickly became so intermingled with the finances of Abu Dhabi that it was difficult even for BCCI insiders to determine where one left off and the other began. Whether Abu Dhabi insiders, including Abu Dhabi's representative on BCCI's board of directors, Ghanim Al Mazrui, knew of this intermingling, remains an open question. Abu Dhabi's Ownership Interest In BCCI Although Abu Dhabi had a key interest in BCCI from its creation, in accord with Abu Dhabi's failure to provide the initial funds for capitalization, BCCI's early stock recordations did not show Abu Dhabi as the actual owner of the bank. A snapshot of BCCI shares from Bank of America files as of September 30, 1977 described BCCI's majority owner as ICIC, at 50.1 percent; its most important minority owner as Bank of America, at 30 percent; and its largest Arab owner as Majid Al-Futaim of Dubai in the United Arab Emirates at just 4 percent, with the members of the family of Abu Dhabi owning just 3.4 percent all told.(13) According to Abu Dhabi itself, it actually had a 20 percent interest in BCCI in 1972, which then dropped to less than five percent some two years later, with Abu Dhabi remaining a " passive investor, " without formal representation on BCCI's board until 1981.(14) In response to the Subcommittee's request for information on the history of Abu Dhabi's ownership interest in BCCI, Abu Dhabi provided on May 13, 1992, a list of Abu Dhabi shareholding in BCCI Holdings (Luxembourg) S.A., one of BCCI's two flag-ship holding companies, which it described as " based on preliminary review of documents. " The shareholding list provided by Abu Dhabi does not begin until 1975, three years following BCCI's founding in 1972, and after, for reasons not fully explained, Abu Dhabi's declared ownership in BCCI shares had dramatically dropped. It shows an unusual pattern of ownership of BCCI shares by the Al Nayhan family and the Abu Dhabi Investment Authority (ADIA). Overall, after beginning at 20 percent in 1972, the Al-Nayhan family's ownership of BCCI dropped to less than three percent in 1975, and then to just over one percent of BCCI in 1976, where its interest remained, with small increases until 1980. In 1980, the Al Nayhan family's holdings of BCCI sharply increased to over 8 percent, in 1981 increased sharply again to over 18 percent, and by 1984 had reached 27 percent, and by 1986, 33 percent, where it remained until 1990, when Abu Dhabi became—officially—a 77 percent owner of BCCI.(15) What is unusual about this pattern is the drop from Abu Dhabi's holdings of 20 percent to less than 2 percent in three years, followed by an increase from 2 percent to 18 percent five years later. It is difficult to understand why any shareholder of a rapidly growing bank would be willing to sell off or dilute so much of its interest in the years in which the bank's value was rapidly increasing, and then buy back that interest at far greater cost following five years of growth. Sheikh Zayed's own holdings of BCCI displayed a still stranger pattern. After owning 20 percent of BCCI in 1972, his personal ownership had dropped to 2.26 percent in 1975, dropped still further to less than one percent—just .59 percent—in 1976, and lower yet in 1977 to .47 percent of BCCI, before suddenly climbing in 1980 to 4.11 percent, when Sheikh Zayed purchased 80,000 shares in the bank. Sheikh Zayed then resold these same 80,000 shares the following year, reducing his ownership interest from the 4.11 percent back to .47 percent. In 1984, he purchased BCCI shares anew and his interest again climbed to over four percent, the vicinity in which his personal interest in BCCI remained to BCCI's closing. Despite explicit requests to do so, Abu Dhabi failed to provide to the Subcommittee any explanation of the peregrinations of Abu Dhabi's ownership of BCCI stock, the price paid for the shares purchased, or the price received for the shares sold. Prior to the May 14 hearing, staff advised lawyers for Abu Dhabi that the purchase and sales prices of the stock and any funds provided by Abu Dhabi to BCCI as capital were critical issues requiring answers. Apart from the statement that Abu Dhabi paid $500,000 for its original interest in BCCI in 1972, Abu Dhabi provided no answer to these questions. To the extent that Abu Dhabi did not pay for such shares, there would be substantial questions as to whether it, like BCCI's other shareholders, was also a nominee for BCCI. The patterns shown above, for the period up to April, 1990 are in some respects more consistent with a nominee relationship as with an ownership relationship, except for the 10 percent ownership of BCCI held from 1980 on the Abu Dhabi Investment Authority, which appears to be genuine. However, even that ownership interest in BCCI by Abu Dhabi cannot be viewed as conclusive in the absence of access to any buy-back arrangements from BCCI that might have existed. For example, evidence for concluding that Sheikh Zayed's interests in BCCI could have been as a nominee for BCCI, or interchangeable with BCCI, is the purchase by him for an unknown price and sale for another unknown price, of 80,000 shares in BCCI, over one year. This is not a normal practice for share trades in a privately held bank by a party with a long-standing ownership interest in the bank. Similar transactions involving BCCI's manipulation of shares in CCAH/First American were definitively found by the Federal Reserve to have been either shams or nominee transactions. On the other hand, Abu Dhabi did, from 1981 onwards, own ever increasing percentages of BCCI, principally through Sheikh Zayed's son, Sheikh Khalifa, and the Abu Dhabi Investment Authority, becoming the largest shareholders of the bank at some point in the 1980's. This suggests the possibility that Abu Dhabi actually owned the stock, regardless of guaranteed returns or buy-back arrangements to " eliminate " risk to Abu Dhabi. Following the May 14, 1992 hearing in which Abu Dhabi's representative, Ahmed Al Sayegh, testified, the Subcommittee tried again to elucidate the truth about this issue. It reiterated in questions to Al Sayegh the request that Abu Dhabi specify the capital actually paid in by the Abu Dhabi shareholders at the time of each stock purchase, including the date of each infusion of capital, and the amount paid in. Al Sayegh did not provide the answer to the question of how much Abu Dhabi paid each time for its shares of BCCI stock. Instead, he stated: Many of the Majority Shareholders' share purchases were from third parties, rather than purchases of newly-issued stock, and other stock acquisitions came in the form of dividends. . . In any event, I am unaware of the details of amounts paid for shares in particular transactions.(16) The Subcommittee has asked Abu Dhabi to provide a knowledgeable witness regarding such questions for over two years, beginning in July, 1990. In the spring of 1992, it requested that Abu Dhabi's representative on BCCI's board of directors, Ghanim Al Mazrui, appear to testify. Instead, Al Sayegh was selected. His written answers were provided to the Subcommittee five weeks after his testimony, through Abu Dhabi's Washington, D.C. lawyers at Patton, Boggs & Blow. Hence, Al Sayegh's statement that he is " unaware of the details " amounts to nothing less than a refusal by the government of Abu Dhabi to answer the questions asked: what the Abu Dhabi shareholders of BCCI actually paid for the fifteen separate purchases of BCCI stock listed by Abu Dhabi as having been made and what other shareholders paid for the shares of BCCI stock sold in that period by Sheikh Zayed, his son, Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed, and the Abu Dhabi Investment Authority. Answers to those questions would be vital in demonstrating that Abu Dhabi was a legitimate, non- nominee shareholder for all of its shares. The fact that Abu Dhabi has refused to answer these questions suggests that the facts if revealed would not be helpful to Abu Dhabi's position that it was never a nominee for BCCI, and was always at risk. Information contained in the Section 41 report of Price Waterhouse of June, 1991, provided to the Bank of England and obtained by the Subcommittee in an uncensored form only in late August, 1992, further suggests that the shares in BCCI held by the ruling family of Abu Dhabi were purchased according to BCCI's typical practices for nominees—paid for by loans from BCCI itself, with buy-back agreements and guarantees to insure the purchaser against loss. The Section 41 report states that the initial capitalization of BCCI was just $2.5 million, and that subsequent increases of capitalization, to $845 million as of December 31, 1990, had been carried out through the extensive use of nominee arrangements, financed directly by loans from BCCI and its bank-within-a-bank, ICIC Grand Caymans. In the report, Price Waterhouse specifically found that members of the Ruling Family of Abu Dhabi acquired their shares on the basis of guaranteed rates of return and buy-back arrangements, with the result that they were not at risk for their ostensible " shareholdings " of BCCI.(17) While the evidence is not conclusive, there is a significant possibility that BCCI simply loaned the ruling family the funds for its stock, or provided them gratis A list of major loans to shareholders of BCCI prepared in connection with a BCCI audit for the year ending September 30, 1987, shows lending to the Ruler of Abu Dhabi as standing at $620,800,000 -- some $74 million more than the authorized " limit " for lending to Sheikh Zayed establish by BCCI's credit committee, and more than twice the amount lent to the next highest borrower, Ghaith Pharaon at $283,900,000. A second such list, dated July 31, 1991, shows loans to the Abu Dhabi group from BCCI totalling $371.8 million, with an additional $17.5 million in loans to Abu Dhabi from BCCI's affiliate, ICIC, for a total lending to Abu Dhabi of just under $390 million. After the Abu Dhabi group, BCCI's next highest level of lending to a shareholder was to its front-man, Kamal Adham, at $323.5 million. In either period, the size of the lending to Abu Dhabi was sufficiently substantial that it could have been applied to any number of purposes by either BCCI or Abu Dhabi, including the financing of a significant proportion of the holdings of members of the Abu Dhabi ruling family in BCCI itself and in CCAH/First American.(18) Abu Dhabi's Involvement in the FGB Purchase A lengthy account of how Abu Dhabi became involved as shareholders in the purchase of Financial General Bankshares (FGB) is set forth in the chapter on BCCI's entry into the United States. The key questions that have arisen regarding those facts are whether Sheikh Zayed had a political agenda in participating in BCCI's secret purchase of FGB; whether the Abu Dhabi shareholders were BCCI's nominees in connection with those purchases; whether the Abu Dhabi shareholders knew that BCCI was the real owner of FGB; and whether Abu Dhabi shareholders or representatives knowingly participated in false statements made to the Federal Reserve in connection with the purchase. " " If America loses this war, " said Secretary of the Interior (Harold) Ickes, June 26, 1941, " it can thank the Aluminum Corporation of America. " " By its cartel agreement with I.G. Farben, controlled by Hitler, " writes Seldes, " Alcoa sabotaged the aluminum program of the U.S. air force. The Truman Committee (on National Defense, chaired by then- Senator Harry S. Truman in 1942) heard testimony that Alcoa's representative, A.H. Bunker, $1-a-year head of the aluminum section of O.P.M., prevented work on our $600,000,000 aluminum expansion program. " http://www.emperors-clothes.com/articles/randy/swas1.htm SECTION IMMEDIATELY BELOW EXCERPTED FOR NON-COMMERCIAL PURPOSES OF DISCUSSION FROM : " The Empire of I.G. Farben- Farben was Hitler and Hitler was Farben. (Senator Homer T. Bone to Senate Committee on Military Affairs, June 4, 1943.) On the eve of World War II the German chemical complex of I.G. Farben was the largest chemical manufacturing enterprise in the world, with extraordinary political and economic power and influence within the Hitlerian Nazi state. I. G. has been aptly described as " a state within a state. " The Farben cartel dated from 1925, when organizing genius Hermann Schmitz created the super-giant chemical enterprise out of six already giant German chemical companies - Badische Anilin, Bayer, Agfa, Hoechst, Weiler-ter-Meer, and Griesheim-Elektron. These companies were merged to become Inter-nationale Gesellschaft Farbenindustrie A.G. - or I.G. Farben for short. Twenty years later the same Hermann Schmitz was put on trial at Nuremburg for war crimes committed by the I. G. cartel. Other I. G. Farben directors were placed on trial but the American affiliates of I. G. Farben and the American directors of I.G. itself were quietly forgotten; the truth was buried in the archives.- the guiding hand in the creation of the Farben empire, the early Farben Vorstand included Carl Bosch, Fritz ter Meer, Kurt Oppenheim and George von Schnitzler (All were charged as " war criminals " after World War II)- In 1928 the American holdings of I. G. Farben (i.e., the Bayer Company, General Aniline Works, Agfa Ansco, and Winthrop Chemical Company) were organized into a Swiss holding company, i. G. Chemic (Inter-nationale Gesellschaft fur Chemisehe Unternehmungen A. G.), controlled by I. G. Farben in Germany. In the following year these American firms merged to become American I. G. Chemical Corporation, later renamed General Aniline & Film. Hermann Schmitz, the organizer of I. G. Farben in 1925, became a prominent early Nazi and supporter of Hitler, as well as chairman of the Swiss I. G. Chemic and president of American I. G. The Farben complex both in Germany and the United States then developed into an integral part of the formation and operation of the Nazi state machine, the Wehrmacht and the S.S.- I. G. Farben is of peculiar interest in the formation of the Nazi state because Farben directors materially helped. Hitler and the Nazis to power in 1933- I.G. Farben contributed 400,000 RM to Hitler's political " slush fund. " It was this secret fund which financed the Nazi seizure of control in March 1933.- The Economic Power of I. G. Farben Qualified observers have argued that Germany could not have gone to war in 1939 without I. G. Farben. Between 1927 and the beginning of World War II, I.G. Farben doubled in size, an expansion made possible in great part by American technical assistance and by American bond issues, such as the one for $30 million offered by National City Bank. By 1939 I. G. acquired a participation and managerial influence in some 380 other German firms and over 500 foreign firms. The Farben empire owned its own coal mines, its own electric power plants, iron and steel units, banks, research units, and numerous commercial enterprises. There were over 2,000 cartel agreements between I. G. and foreign firms - including Standard Oil of New Jersey, DuPont, Alcoa, Dow Chemical, and others in the United States, one post-war investigation by the U.S, War Department concluded that: Without I. G.'s immense productive facilities, its intense research, and vast internationalaffiliations, Germany's prosecution of the war would have been unthinkable and impossible; Farben not only directed its energies toward arming Germany, but concentrated on weakening her intended victims, and this double-barreled attempt to expand the German industrial potential for war and to restrict that of the rest of the world was not conceived and executed " in the normal course of business. " The proof is overwhelming that I. G. Farben officials had full prior knowledge of Germany's plan for world conquest and of each specific aggressive act later undertaken.- Directors of Farben firms (i.e., the " I. G. Farben officials " referred to in the investigation) included not only Germans but also prominent American financiers. This 1945 U.S. War Department report concluded that I.G.'s assignment from Hitler in the prewar period was to make Germany self-sufficient in rubber, gasoline, lubricating oils, magnesium, fibers, tanning agents, fats, and explosives. To fulfill this critical assignment, vast sums were spent by I.G. on processes to extract these war materials from indigenous German raw materials - in particular the plentiful German coal resources. Where these processes could not be developed in Germany ,they were acquired from abroad under cartel arrangements. For example, the process for iso-octane, essential for aviation fuels, was obtained from the United States, in fact entirely [from] the Americans and has become known to us in detail in its separate stages through our agreements with them [standard Oil of New Jersey] and is being used very extensively by us.- The process for manufacturing tetra-ethyl lead? essential for aviation gasoline, was obtained by I. G. Farben from the United States, and in 1939 I.G. was sold $20 million of high-grade aviation gasoline by Standard Oil of New Jersey. Even before Germany manufactured tetra-ethyl lead by the American process it was able to " borrow " 500 tons from the Ethyl Corporation. This loan of vital tetra-ethyl lead was not repaid and I.G. forfeited the $1 million security. Further, I.G. purchased large stocks of magnesium from Dow Chemical for incendiary bombs and stockpiled explosives, stabilizers, phosphorus, and cyanides from the outside world. In 1939, out of 43 major products manufactured by I.G., 28 were of " primary concern " to the German armed forces. Farben's ultimate control of the German war economy, acquired during the 1920s and 1930s with Wall Street assistance, can best be assessed by examining the percentage of German war material output produced by Farben plants in 1945. Farben at that time produced 100 percent of German synthetic rubber, 95 percent of German poison gas (including all the Zyklon B gas used in the concentration camps), 90 percent of German plastics, 88 percent of German magnesium, 84 percent of German explosives, 70 percent of German gunpowder, 46 percent of German high octane (aviation) gasoline, and 33 percent of German synthetic gasoline- There erenumerous Farben arrangements with American firms, including cartel marketing arrangements, patent agreements, and technical exchanges as exemplified in the Standard Oil-Ethyl technology transfers mentioned above. These arrangements were used by I.G. to advance Nazi policy abroad, to collect strategic information, and to consolidate a world-wide chemical cartel. One of the more horrifying aspects of I.G. Farben's cartel was the invention, production, and distribution of the Zyklon B gas, used in Nazi concentration camps. Zyklon B was pure Prussic acid, a lethal poison produced by I.G. Farben Leverkusen and sold from the Bayer sales office through Degesch, an independent license holder. Sales of Zyklon B amounted to almost three-quarters of Degesch business; enough gas to kill 200 million humans was produced and sold by I.G. Farben. The Kilgore Committee report of 1942 makes it clear that the I.G.Farben directors had precise knowledge of the Nazi concentration camps and the use of I.G. chemicals. This prior knowledge becomes significant when we later consider the role of the American directors in I.G.'s American subsidiary. The 1945 interrogation of I.G. Farben director yon Schnitzler reads: Q. What did you do when they told you that I.G. chemicals was [sic] being used to kill, to murder people held in concentration camps? A. I was horrified. Q. Did you do anything about it? A. I kept it for me [to myself] because it was too terrible .... I asked Muller-Cunradi is it known to you and Ambros and other directors in Auschwitz that the gases and chemicals are being used to murder people. Q. What did he say? A. Yes: it is known to all I.G. directors in Auschwitz. There was no attempt by I.G. Farben to halt production of the gases - General Dyestuff Corporation was established as the exclusive selling agent for products manufactured by Gasselli Dyestuff (renamed General Aniline Works, Inc., in 1929) and imported from Germany. The stock of General Aniline Works was transferred in 1929 to American I.G. Chemical Corporation and later in 1939 to General Aniline & Film Corporation, into which American I.G. and General Aniline Works were merged. American I.G. and its successor, General Aniline & Film, is the unit through which control of I.G.'s enterprises in the U.S. was maintained. -the board of American I.G. had three directors from the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, the most influential of the various Federal Reserve Banks. American I.G. also had interlocks with Standard Oil of New Jersey, Ford Motor Company, Bank of Manhattan (later to become the Chase Manhattan), and A.E.G. (German General Electric) " http://www.consortiumnews.com/121900b.html end of part one of DUBIOUS ABOUT DUBAI DUBAI or NOT TO BUY Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
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