The Health Establishment and the Order of Skull & Bones The Health Establishment and the Order of Skull & Bones

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The Health Establishment and the Order of Skull & Bones

 

The Lasker Family and the Order have conspired together for more than a century to force their health fascist dictatorship on the world

Skull & Bones (Samuelson list) / Bible Believers

Mrs. William McCormick Blair Jr. (aka "Deeda"), vice president of the Albert D. and Mary Woodard Lasker Foundation, is the daughter-in-law of William McCormick Blair, Skull & Bones 1907.

The Mrs. William McCormick Blair Jr. Page

A phony establishment "history" of official lies: "Social movements as Catalysts for Policy Change: The Case of Smoking and Guns," by Constance A. Nathanson of Johns Hopkins University (Health Politics, Policy and Law 1999 June;24(3):421-488.) It fraudulently pretends that history is merely a series of disconnected events reflecting the will of a faceless, anonymous "society," instead of what it really is: THE WILL OF A LITTLE CLIQUE OF LYING, CHEATING, STEALING, POLITICALLY-CONNECTED VERMIN, who for more than a century have conspired to ram a health fascist dictatorship down America's throat, by manipulating events from behind the scenes and covering their tracks with official lies like this. IT IS A CONSCIOUS AND DELIBERATE PROGRAM OF WARFARE AGAINST THE PEOPLE BY THE ELITE.

Nathanson, 1999 / tobacco document

 

Skull & Bones Founded the Modern Health Establishment with Rockefeller Money

Skull & Bones and Standard Oil

Members of the Order have been involved in the oil industry since before it began. When New York lawyer Geoge H. Bissell (a Dartmouth graduate) organized the Pennsylvania Rock-Oil Company in 1854, he sent his sample to Benjamin Silliman Jr., Skull & Bones 1837, Professor of Chemistry at Yale University, for analysis. Through Silliman, other New Haven investors got involved, and they shortly took over the venture, and renamed it the Seneca Oil Company in 1858. (The Drake Oil Well. By Carron Garvin-Donohue and Jill Birgenthal. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1979.)

The Drake Oil Well / American Society of Mechanical Engineeers (pdf, 16pp)

Investor James Mulford Townsend (1825-1901), President of the City Savings Bank of New Haven, was not a member of The Order, but his two sons became members. William Kneeland Townsend, S & B 1871, became a judge. (James M. Townsend Dead. New York Times, Nov. 21, 1901.) James Mulford Townsend, S & B 1874, was a corporate lawyer for the Du Pont Powder Company. At the time of his death, he was being sued as a personal attorney and executor of a will bequeathing himself $800,000, and the heirs only $100,000. (James M. Townsend Dead. New York Times, Nov. Nov. 1, 1913.)

William Rockefeller's son, Percy Avery Rockefeller, was Skull & Bones, 1900. Oliver Burr Jennings, a 10% partner of Standard Oil in 1870, was not a member of The Order; but two sons were. Walter Jennings, S & B 1880, was a director of the Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey, president of the National Fuel Gas Company, and a trustee of the New York Trust Company [out of whose 26 trustees in Jan. 1933, 7 bore the names of Bonesmen]. (Walter Jennings Dies in the South. New York Times, Jan. 10, 1933.) Oliver Gould Jennings, S & B 1887, was on the boards of Bethlehem Steel, United States Industrial Alcohol Company, McKesson & Robbins, Inc., Kingsport Press, Signature Company, National Fuel Gas Company, and Grocery Store Products, Inc. (Oliver Jennings, Capitalist, Dead. New York Times, Oct. 14, 1936.) The Right Reverend Chauncey Bunce Brewster, S & B 1868, retired Protestant Episcopal Bishop of Connecticut, pronounced benediction at his funeral. (Oliver G. Jennings Buried in Fairfield. New York Times, Oct. 17, 1936.) O.B. Jennings's daughter, Helen, married Dr. Walter Belknap James, S & B 1879, a trustee and major benefactor of Columbia University, and former president of the New York Academy of Medicine. Benjamin Brewster Jennings, the grandson of O.B. Jennings and Benjamin Brewster of the 1890 Standard Oil Trust, was a trustee of the Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, and Chairman of the Board of Managers of Memorial Hospital.

Under questioning by the Attorney General, John D. Rockefeller Sr. released the names of Standard Oil Trust holders who redeemed their certificates. They included Wardwell, O.H. Payne, and Charles Pratt. (tandard Oil's Secrets. New York Times, Oct. 13, 1898.)

In 1927, John D. Rockefeller's grandson, John Rockefeller Prentice, was tapped for Skull & Bones, 1928, and his cousin, John Sterling Rockefeller, the grandson of William Rockefeller and son of William Rockefeller, Yale 1892, was tapped for Scroll & Key. (Senator's Son Gets Final Tap at Yale. New York Times, May 20, 1927.)

William T. Wardwell (1827-1911), was born in Bristol, R.I. His father moved to Michigan when he was nine, then four years later, he was sent to become a clerk for his uncle, Samuel W. Hawes, who was in the oil business in Buffalo, N.Y., where he eventually went into the oil business for himself. In 1875, his business was taken in by the Standard Oil Company, and he became the treasurer of the Devoe Manufacturing Company, a subsidiary of Standard. "Up to the early eighties Mr. Wardwell was a staunch Democrat. Then he became a Prohibitionist, devoting much energy and money to the advance of this cause. In 1886 he was a candidate for the Mayoralty of New York City on the Prohibition ticket, and for Governor of the State on the same ticket in 1900. He belonged to nearly every prominent temperance or prohibition organization in the country. He was for years a Director of the National Temperance Society, was Treasurer of the American Temperance Union, and Secretary of the National Prohibition Committee. For years he was one of the chief financial backers of The True Reform and other papers devoted to the cause of temperance." He was also the chief financial backer of the Red Cross Hospital, of which he was president at the time of his death. (Wm. T. Wardwell Dies Suddenly. New York Times, Jan. 4, 1911.) His son, Allen Wardwell (1873-1953), was a member of Skull & Bones, 1904. Allen Wardwell served as a Major in the American Red Cross in Russia (Wed Under Red Terror. New York Times, Dec. 26, 1918.) He was a partner of Stetson, Jennings and Russell, which became Davis Polk Wardwell Gardiner & Reed, the counsel of the Guaranty Trust. His son, Edward R. Wardwell, was a member of Skull & Bones, 1927. (Other Wedding Plans. New York Times, Apr. 15, 1930.) Allen Wardwell's Yale classmate, Lansing P. Reed, S & B 1904, was a director of the Guaranty Trust from 1924 to 1933.

Mr. and Mrs. Oliver G. Jennings, Rockefeller publicist Ivy L. Lee, and Allen Wardwell were members of the campaign committee to raise money for the United Hospital Fund in 1919. Other fund raisers included Guaranty Trust / Central Trust directors/trustees Cornelius N. Bliss, Adrian Iselin Jr., J.P. Morgan, Percy R. Pyne, George Emlen Roosevelt, James Speyer, and Albert H. Wiggin, and the wives of Speyer and Oliver Harriman; also Mrs. C.B. Alexander; M.N. Buckner (S & B 1895); Mrs. Benjamin Brewster (S & B 1882); W.V. Griffin; Ogden L. Mills; William Fellowes Morgan; Mrs. Henry L. Stimson (S & B 1888); Carll Tucker; Frank S. Witherbee (S & B 1874); and A. Zinsser. The distribution committee included Otto T. Bannard (S & B 1876), Cornelius N. Bliss, and James Speyer. (Hospitals Seek $1,000,000. New York Times, Oct. 25, 1919.)

Daniel Gilman Becomes President Of Johns Hopkins

America's Secret Establishment, An Introduction to the Order of Skull & Bones, by Antony C. Sutton. Liberty House Press, 1986, pages 89-91.

"Johns Hopkins, a wealthy Baltimore merchant, left his fortune to establish a University for graduate education (the first in the United States along German lines) and a medical school.

"Hopkins' trustees were all friends who lived in Baltimore. How then did they come to select Daniel Coit Gilman [1852] as President of the new University?

"In 1874 the trustees invited three university presidents to come to Baltimore and advise on the choice of a President. These were Charles W. Eliot of Harvard, Andrew Dickson White of Cornell, and James B. Angell of Michigan. Only Andrew Dickson White was in The Order [1853]. After meeting independently with each of these presidents, half a dozen of the trustees toured several American Universities in search of further information - and Andrew D. White accompanied the tour. The result was, in the words of James Angell:

"'And now I have this remarkable statement to make to you, that without the least conference between us three, we all wrote letters telling them that the one man was Daniel C. Gilman of California.' [Footnote: John C. French, A History of the University Founded by Johns Hopkins. The Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore, 1946, p. 26.] [French was a member of S & B Class of 1910 -cast]

"The truth is that Gilman not only knew what was going on in Baltimore, but was in communication with Andrew White on the 'Baltimore scheme,' as they called it.

"In a letter dated April 5, 1874, Gilman wrote as follows to Andrew D. White:

"'I could not conclude on any new proposition without conferring upon it with some of my family friends, and I have not felt at liberty to do so. I confess that the Baltimore (italics in original) scheme has ofttimes suggested itself to me, but I have no personal relations in that quarter.' [Footnote: Life of Daniel Coit Gilman, p. 157.]

"Here's the interesting point: the board appointed by Johns Hopkins to found a university did not even meet to adopt its by-laws and appoint committees until four weeks before this letter i.e., March 7, 1874. Yet Gilman tells us 'the Baltimore scheme has ofttimes suggested itself to me...'

"In brief, Gilman knew what was happening over in Baltimore BEFORE HIS NAME HAD BEEN PRESENTED TO THE TRUSTEES!

"Gilman became first President of Johns Hopkins University and quickly set to work.

"Johns Hopkins had willed substantial amounts for both a University and a medical school. Dr. William H. Welch ('70), a fellow member of The Order, was brought in by Gilman to head up the Hopkins medical school. (Welch was President of the Board of Directors of the Rockefeller Institute of Medical Research for almost 25 years, 1910-1934..."

The Rockefeller Institute: JDR's financial advisor, Frederick Taylor Gates; Welch's former student, Simon Flexner; Francis Peyton Rous; Otto Heinrich Warburg

Daniel Coit Gilman's brother, Rev. Edward W. Gilman, was married to Benjamin Silliman (S & B 1837) Jr.'s sister, Julia Silliman (Died. Gilman.- New York Times, Apr. 20, 1892, p.5.) DC Gilman's sister, Elizabeth Coit Gilman, was married to Rev. Joseph Parrish Thompson, S & B 1838 (Married. New York Times, Oct. 26, 1853.), of the Broadway Tabernacle in New York City. Rev. Thompson's son, Dr. W.Gilman Thompson, was one of the New York University physicians who seceded to found Cornell University's Medical College, which was funded by Oliver Hazard Payne.

Gilman was formally inaugurated as the President of Johns Hopkins in 1876. In that year, his brother, William Charles Gilman Jr., began forging the scrip of the Atlantic Mutual Insurance Company, then using them as collateral for loans from Henry Talmage & Co. (his usul bankers, upon whose inner office wall hung a portait of the Gilmans' late father, who had been a deacon in the Church of the Puritans); the American Exchange National Bank; and the Home Life Insurance Company, who appeared to be in on the scam: "A short time ago the Home officials sent Gilman word that they wanted him to take back $30,000 of his scrip. He understood what they meant and immediately raised the money." The raised scrip was returned to Gilman, while Home kept the genuine ones. Some of his indiviidual victims chose to remain anonymous and take their losses, and wealthy relatives unsuccessfully attempted to hush up the affair, while Gilman remained in hiding. Gilman's pastor, the Rev. Dr. George H. Houghton of the Church of the Transfiguration (aka The Little Church Around the Corner), and his wife's uncle, the Rev. Henry Ward Beecher, delivered heart-rending sermons on his plight. Gilman confessed, attributing his crimes to excessive philanthropy as well as business reversals, and was sentenced to five years hard labor at Sing Sing, which was soon changed to bookkeeping at Auburn. Rev. Houghton and Gilman's brother-in-law, George W. Lane, met him on the train with a lunch from Delmonico's. (New York Times: Vast Forgeries Exposed, Oct. 3, 1877; The Gilman Forgeries, Oct. 4, 1877; Local Miscellany, The Gilman Compromise, Oct. 6, 1877; Miscellaneous City News, More of Gilman's Rascalities, Oct. 9, 1877; W.C. Gilman Sentenced, Oct. 13, 1877; Gilman's Change of Prison, Oct. 21, 1877; Business Troubles. William C. Gilman's Debts, Nov. 10, 1877.) Unfortunately, although there was great curiosity about who got the more than $187,000 that Gilman acquired, no names were ever revealed.

George W. Lane was a former City Chamberlain, and the longtime President of the New York Chamber of Commerce. He married the Gilmans' sister, Harriet Lothrop Gilman, who died in 1881, and he married their sister Louisa in 1883. (Obituary. George William Lane. New York Times, Dec. 31, 1883.) William E. Dodge was one of the pallbearers at his funeral, which was attended by numerous wealthy and powerful businessmen (Events in the Metropolis, Funeral of George W. Lane. New York Times, Jan. 3, 1884.) Lane was a trustee of the Atlantic Mutual from at least 1876 to 1883. (Display Ads, New York Times, Jan. 27, 1876; Mar. 7, 1883.) Lane was also a trustee of the Central Trust Company between 1878 and at least 1881.

Lawrence Gilman Papers (Children of William C. Gilman) / Georgetown University The Central Trust (George W. Lane)

James B. Angell

James Burrill Angel (1829-1916) was born in Scituate, Rhode Island, graduated from Brown University in 1849, then studied two years in Europe. He was professor of Literature and Modern Languages at Brown University from 1853-1860, and one of his students was John Hay, who studied law in Abraham Lincoln's law office. He took over the editorship of the Providence Daily Journal, when its editor, Henry B. Anthony, was elected to the US Senate. He was President of the University of Vermont from 1866-1871, and President of the University of Michigan from 1871-1909. In 1845, he had married the daughter of Alexis Caswell, who was professor of mathematics and natural philosophy, and later the President, of Brown University (1868-1872). (Article 6. New York Times, Mar. 25, 1880 p. 4; Seven Decades of a Busy Life. New York Times, Feb. 11, 1912 p. BR64; James B. Angell, Noted Teacher, Dies. New York Times, Apr. 2, 1916.)

Alexis Caswell was elected Secretary of the newly-formed National Academy of Sciences in 1863. The NAS was created much in the manner of a secret society such as Skull & Bones, in which those secretly selected for membership may either accept or decline. Alexander Dallas Bache, a great-grandson of Benjamin Franklin, was considered a prime instigator. (The National Academy of Sciences: The First Hundred Years, 1863-1963. By Rexmond C. Cochrane. National Academy of Sciences, 1978. Chapter 3, The Incorporation and Organization of the Academy.) James Dwight Dana, who was elected a Vice President, was married to Benjamin Silliman Jr.'s sister, Henrietta Frances Silliman (Prof. Dana of Yale Dead. New York Times, Apr. 15, 1895.)

The National Academy of Sciences, Ch. 3 / National Academy Press

In 1887, President Cleveland appointed James B. Angell and then-Secretary of State Thomas F. Bayard (1828-1898) as members of the International Commission of Canadian Fisheries. In 1891, Dr. Frank Angell married Bayard's daughter, Louise. Numerous members of the Du Pont family attended the wedding. (Angell - Bayard. New York Times, Dec. 22, 1891.) Dr. Frank Angell was born in Scituate, Rhode Island, the son of Charles and Harriet King Angell. He graduated from the University of Vermont in 1878, and got his Ph.D. from the University of Leipzig in 1891. He founded the psychology labs at Cornell and Stanford Universities, and was a member of the Belgian Relief Commission during the Hoover administration. (Dr. Frank Angell, 82, Taught at Stanford. New York Times, Nov. 3, 1939.) Thomas Francis Bayard Jr., who was the sixth member of his family to serve in the US Senate, was a member of Skull & Bones, class of 1890. (Ex-Sen. Bayard, 74, of Delaware, Dies. New York Times, Jul. 13, 1942.) James B. Angell's sister, Carolyn, married Dr. Peter Collier, who was dean of the Medical School at the University of Vermont during Angell's tenure. Their daughter, Amy A. Collier, studied at the University of Michigan while he was president there. She married attorney Gilbert H. Montague in 1907. (Mrs. G.H. Montague Stricken in Maine. New York Times, Sep. 23, 1940.) James B. Angell had a brother, William, of Chicago, who was present at his death; this may have been William A. Angell, who was a close associate of George M. Pullman of the Pullman Palace Car Company. Another Angell, Charles, who had been Secretary of the company since its formation, absconded with $120,000 and was sent to prison in 1878.

The Guaranty Trust (Norman B. Ream)

James B. Angell was a member of the National Committee for Mental Hygiene, co-founded by Johns Hopkins psychiatrist Adolf Meyer. Meyer and fellow advisory committee members Jane Addams, Edwin A. Alderman, Lewellys F. Barker, Arthur T. Hadley, Adolf Meyer, and William H. Welch were later members of Yale's Institute of Human Relations, along with James B. Angell's son, James Rowland Angell. James R. Angell became the first President of Yale who was not an alumnus.

The Institute of Human Relations (James Rowland Angell)

Brown University's experience foreshadowed that the University of Chicago: "It is well known that Brown University was founded by the Baptists, and the charter requires the President and a majority of the corporation to belong to that body of Christians. At the same time, the charter, with a liberality unknown elsewhere in the country, provides for full representation of other sects, both in the corporation and among the professors. The real ultimate object of the movement before the Alumni was to obtain an amendment of the charter by which the control of the University would finally be taken from the hands of the Baptists." (The Colleges. New York Times, June 7, 1870.)

The Carnegie Institution

Daniel Coit Gilman (S & B 1852) was the first president of the Carnegie Institution from 1902 to 1904, and a trustee until 1908. Andrew D. White (S & B 1853) was a trustee from 1902 to 1916; John S. Billings from 1902 to 1913; William H. Welch (S & B 1870) from 1906 to 1934; Simon Flexner from 1913 to 1914; John J. Carty of AT & T from 1916 to 1932; and Frederic C. Walcott (S & B 1891) from 1931 to 1948. Later trustees include Edward E. David, Hanna H. Gray, and J. Irwin Miller.

Carnegie Institution Yearbook 1999-2000 / Carnegie Institution (pdf, 4pp)

Vanderbilt University

Gilman conspired with James H. Kirkland and others to grab the money for a teacher's college from George Peabody's 1867 will for Vanderbilt University versus the University of Nashville. The University was endowed by "Commodore" Cornelius Vanderbilt (1794-1877), after his second wife's cousin, Methodist Bishop Holland N. McTyeire of Nashville, recuperated at the Vanderbilt mansion after medical treatment in 1873. The University's ties to the Methodist Episcopal Church were cut in 1914, under Chancellor Kirkland.

The History of Vanderbilt University / Vanderbilt University The Institute of Human Relations (James H. Kirkland)

Chauncey Mitchell Depew (1834-1928), Skull & Bones 1856, was a lifelong friend of his fellow Bonesman, Andrew Dickson White. Depew's family had long been associated with Cornelius Vanderbilt, and he began his career as an attorney for the New York and Harlem Railroad. He was its president from 1885 to 1899, and its chairman after serving as US Senator from 1899-1911. Two of Depew's longtime cronies, Sen. George F. Hoar of Massachusetts, and New York attorney Joseph H. Choate, were involved in the Vanderbilt University conspiracy.

Chauncey M. Depew Papers / George Washington University (pdf) My Memories of Eighty Years, by Chauncey M. Depew / Project Gutenberg

Chauncey Depew's niece, Dr. Elise Strang L'Esperance, was on the Board of Managers of the Memorial Center for Cancer and Allied Diseases. She and her sister, May Strang, founded the Kate Depew Strang Prevention Clinic at Memorial, and they used their inheritance from Uncle Chauncey to establish the Strang Tumor Clinic at New York Infirmary (of which Dr. L'Esperance became the director in 1937). "In 1910 she became associated with Dr. James Ewing as an assistant in the department of pathology of the Cornell Medical School," and became an instructor within two years. She became a full Clinical Professor of Preventive Medicine in 1950. She received the Lasker Award for Clinical Research in 1951. (Dr. L'Esperance, Specialist, Dead. New York Times, Jan. 22, 1959.) Ewing was the driving force behind the scientifically-fraudulent health fascist ideology of the American Society for the Control of Cancer and its successor, the American Cancer Society, which is shared by the Strang Cancer Prevention Center.

Dr. Elise Depew Strang L'Esperance / National Library of Medicine, NIH On Diet and Cancer / Strang Cancer Prevention Center

The American National Red Cross

Gilman and other members of Skull & Bones were among the incorporators of the American Red Cross in 1905, see below.

 

Andrew Dickson White (Skull & Bones 1853)

Andrew Dickson White, M.A., LL.D., L.H.D. Educator, Politician, Statesman, by Prof. George L. Burr, Popular Science Monthly, Feb. 1896. In: Onondaga's Centennial, Dwight H. Bruce, editor. Boston History Co. 1896, Vol. II, Biographical, pp. 75-84. White was the author of "A History of the Warfare of Science With Theology in Christendom" (D. Appleton & Co., 1896.) The health fascist ideology that the Skull & Bones conspirators have imposed on us is really nothing but religious dogma cloaked in the superficial trappings of science.

Andrew Dickson White bio / Rootsweb Warfare of Science and Theology, 1896 / Bob Kobres Website

Other friends of White included Andrew Carnegie; Ulysses S. Grant; Henry Williams Sage; William H. Taft; William Roscoe Thayer, president of the American Historical Association; and Prince Henry of Prussia.

Andrew Dickson White Papers, 1832-1919 / Cornell University

Frank Howard Trevor Rhodes, president of Cornell from 1977-1995, was a principal of the Washington Advisory Group.

Biographies of Cornell's Presidents / Cornell University

Andrew Dickson White and David Starr Jordan

White recommended his former student, anti-smoker David Starr Jordan, to head the university which had just been founded by Sen. Leland Stanford in California.

The Stanford Gang (David Starr Jordan)

Andrew Dickson White and Eduard Lasker

Eduard Lasker, Prussian National Liberal Party Member of Parliament, and the author of Bismarck's plan for the unification of Germany around Prussia, was the brother of Albert D. Lasker's father, Morris Lasker.

Morris Lasker / The Handbook of Texas Online

After serving in the Prussian parliament from 1865 to 1879, Eduard Lasker died in New York City during a visit to the US in 1883-84. He traveled with the Villard party to the opening of the Northern Pacific Railroad in Seattle; visited his brother in Galveston, and also visited New Orleans, Cincinnati, and Washington, DC. On the night of his death, he had been at a dinner party at the house of Jesse W. Seligman, and was walking back to his rooms with a Mr. August Wasserman of California. (The Death of Dr. Lasker. New York Times Jan. 6, 1884, p7.)

"The medical men at the autopsy, yesterday, were Dr. William H. Welch, of the Bellevue Medical College; Dr. Abraham Jacobi, the attendant physician of Dr. Lasker; Dr. C.T. Buffum, who was called in at the livery stable [near where Lasker collapsed], and Dr. W.T. Jenkins, Deputy Coroner." (Cause of Edouard Lasker's Death. New York Times, Jan. 7, 1884.) Welch was a member of Skull & Bones who later founded the School of Hygiene and Public Health at Johns Hopkins.

The funeral: "Among the invited guests who attended were the Rev. Henry Ward Beecher, Chief-Justice Daly, Judge Noah Davis, Judge Van Hoesen, the Rev. Dr. De Sola Mendes, Wiliam M. Evarts, Herr Feigel, the German Counsel-General in this City; the staff of the German Ambassador, D.O. Mills, August Belmont, Morris K. Jesup, Edward Lauterbach, Henry Havemeyer, and Adolph L. Sanger." The pallbearers included Mayor Edson, Jesse Seligman, Meyer S. Isaacs, Hyman Blum, Lewis May, J.H. Schiff, Lazarus Rosenfeld, Hugo Wesendonck, Meyer Stern, William Steinway, and Dr. A. Jacobi. (The Funeral of Dr. Lasker. President White, Mr. Schurz, and Others Pay Tribute to His Memory. New York Times, Jan. 11, 1884.) William Maxwell Evarts was a member of Skull & Bones, class of 1837. He was also the great-grandfather of Archibald Cox, the first chairman of the Health Effects Institute (1980-2001).

The Health Effects Institute (Archibald Cox)

"Lasker's death was the occasion of a curious episode, which caused much discussion at the the time. The American House of Representatives adopted a motion of regret, and added to it these words: 'That his loss is not alone to be mourned by the people of his native land, where his constant exposition of, and devotion to, free and liberal ideas have materially advanced the social, political, and economic conditions of these people, but by the lovers of liberty throughout the world.' This motion was sent through the American minister at Berlin to the German foreign office, with a request that it might be communicated to the president of the Reichstag. It was to ask Bismarck officially to communicate a resolution in which a foreign parliament expressed an opinion in German affairs exactly opposed to that which the emperor at his advice had always followed. Bismarck therefore refused to communicate the resolution, and returned it through the German minister at Washington.'" (Lasker, Eduard (1829-1884). LoveToKnow 1911 Encyclopedia.)

Lasker, Eduard / LoveToKnow 1911 Encyclopedia

Lasker was one of 40 Germans who were invited to attend the opening of the Northern Pacific Railroad in Seattle in 1883. One of the addresses at his funeral was given by Andrew Dickson White, who "had known him well in Berlin" when White was the US minister to Germany. The other address was given by White's "friend of many years," Carl Schurz. (Autobiography of Andrew Dickson White, Chapters 35 and 11. The Century Co, 1904, 1905.)

Autobiography of Andrew Dickson White, Ch. 35 / Worldwide School Autobiography of Andrew Dickson White, Ch. 11 / Worldwide School

Andrew D. White, James B. Angell, and Daniel Coit Gilman were also active in the National Education Association.

Brainwashing the Children s of the Northern Pacific during 1882-84 were Frederick Billings, Ashbel H. Barney, John W. Ellis, Roswell G. Rolston, Robert Harris, Thomas F. Oakes, J. Pierpont Morgan, Henry Villard, and August Belmont, of New York; J.L. Stackpole and Benjamin F. Cheney, of Boston; and John C. Bullitt and Henry E. Johnston, of Philadelphia. (The Northern Pacific Road. New York Times, Sep. 22, 1882; Accepting His Resignation. New York Times, Jan. 5, 1884.) Ashbel H. Barney's son, Charles T. Barney of the Knickerbocker Trust, married William C. Whitney's sister, Lilly. (Charles T. Barney Dies, A Suicide. New York Times, Nov. 15, 1907.)

Carl Schurz and Margarethe Meyer Schurz

Carl Schurz had been a member of the Geman revolutionary movement of 1848, then immigrated to Watertown, Wisconsin in 1855, but left to practice law in Milwaukee in 1859. After service in the Civil War, he was elected US Senator from Missouri, 1869-75, and was Secretary of the Interior from 1877 to 1881. From 1881 to 1884, he was editor of The New York Evening Post.

Carl Schurz bio / US Congress

Watertown, Wisconsin had a settlement of German political refugees from the revolution of 1848 who spoke Latin and Greek. Carl Schurz's wife established the first kindergarten in the US there. Mary Woodard was born in Watertown in 1900; her father, Frank E. Woodard, was president of the Bank of Watertown.

Settlement / Watertown Historical Society

Schurz studied under Prof. Gottfried Kinkel before fleeing Germany; and in 1860 was a member of the University of Wisconsin Board of Regents. (Register of the Papers of Carl Schurz, at The Balch Institute for Ethnic Studies of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania.)

Papers of Carl Schurz / Balch Institute for Ethnic Studies

Karl Marx and Frederick Engels ridiculed Kinkel and Schurz in "The Heroes of the Exile!," 1852.

The Heroes of the Exile! / Marxists Internet Archive

Henry Villard

The owner of the Evening Post, Henry Villard (aka Ferdinand Heinrich Gustav Hilgard), was also in the management of the Northern Pacific Railroad, representing "European financial interests speculating in American railroads." Werner von Siemens, founder of Siemens & Halsted, had had a seat in the Prussian legislature from 1862-66; and Deutsche Bank, whose first head of management was his cousin's son, Georg von Siemens, was a major owner of the Northern Pacific; and they also financed Thomas Edison and the Edison General Electric Company. Villard also owned The Nation, and had married the daughter of one of its founders, William Lloyd Garrison.

Henry Villard (1835-1900) / Helmut Schwab History of Siemens & Halske / UK Online Die Deutsche Bank / St. Thomas University

The Nation and The New Republic, by Beulah Amidon. The Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt Institute.

The Nation and the New Republic / Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt Institute

Frederick Billings

Frederick Billings (born 1823 in Woodstock, Vermont) was Villard's predecessor as president of the Northern Pacific Railroad. Beginning in 1916, the Billings family as well as the Rockefellers supported the establishment of a medical school at the University of Chicago. "Albert Billings' son, C.K.G. Billings, was the family's principal donor, but his cousin, Dr. Frank Billings (the Dean of Rush Medical College), brother-in-law Charles H. Ruddock, and nephew Albert M.B. Ruddock also participated in the plan." C.K.G. Billings was the retired president of Peoples Gas, Light, and Coke Co. of Chicago, and the founder of Union Carbide. In 1934, Laurance Spelman Rockefeller married Frederick Billings's granddaughter, Mary Billings French.

Medicine / University of Chicago Centennial Catalogues Frederick Billings Conservation in Practice / US National Park Service

Frank Billings (1854-1932) was Albert Merritt Billings's nephew. In addition to being Dean of Rush Medical College for 20 years, he was variously treasurer, president, trustee, secretary of the board of the American Medical Association between 1902 and 1924; president of the John McCormick Institute for Infectious Diseases from 1902 to 1932; president of the board of trustees of the Otho S.A. Sprague Memorial Institute from 1909 to 1932; president of the Association of American Physicians in 1906; and president of the National Tuberculosis Association in 1907. He was also Chairman of the American Red Cross Commission to Russia in World War I.

Guide to the Frank Billings Papers / University of Chicago

Abraham Jacobi

Dr. Abraham Jacobi, Lasker's physician in New York, got his degree at Bonn University in 1851. He was a very close friend of Carl Schurz and had also been deeply involved in the German Revolution of 1848. He was the first Professor of Pediatrics at New York Medical College (1860-1870), then Professor of Pediatrics at City University of New York from 1870 to 1902. In 1873, he married Mary Corinna Putnam, the daughter of the founder of GP Putnam & Sons, publishers; her brother, Herbert Putnam, was later the Librarian of Congress. In cooperation with the German Society of the city of New York, he co-founded the German Dispensary, which later became Lenox Hill Hospital. (Abraham Jacobi. Geman Information Center, 1976.) (Cazoo City is on the outskirts of Edison, New Jersey.) Mary Jacobi was one of the feminist financiers who forced Johns Hopkins Medical School to admit women.

Abraham Jacobi bio / Cazoo Library Mary Putnam Jacobi bio / National Library of Medicine Jacobi, Mary Putnam (1842-1906) Papers / Radcliffe College-Harvard University

John J. McCloy and Benjamin Butterweiser were later trustees of Lenox Hill Hospital; Rose Cippolone (of smoking lawsuit fame) was a patient there; and CTR Scientific Advisory Board member Sheldon Sommers had been one of her pathologists.

The Salk Institute (John J. McCloy)

Jacobi was an uncle-by-marriage of Franz Boas, head of the Department of Anthropology at Columbia University. Boas was a member of the Advisory Committee of Yale's Institute of Human Relations, chaired by William H. Welch, in 1929. Boas's students included Frances Humphrey Howard's friend Margaret Mead; and M.F. Ashley Montagu, who contributed his specious denuniciation, "Nothing Can Be Said in Favor of Tobacco," to George Seldes's rag, In fact, in the 1940s. ("The Boas Conspiracy": The History of the Behavioral Sciences as Viewed From the Extreme Right. Paper presented at the 33rd Annual Meeting of CHEIRON, 2001, by Prof. Andrew S. Winston of the University Guelph, who scoffs at the idea of conspiracy.)

The Institute of Human Relations (Franz Boas) Winston / York University

The Pillsbury Family

The flour magnates enlisted by Frederick T. Gates to found the University of Chicago included Charles A. Pillsbury (died 1899), whose uncle was John S. Pillsbury (1827-1901), the governor of Minnesota from 1876 to 1887. Charles had twin sons, John S. Pillsbury and Charles S. Pillsbury. John Sargent Pillsbury Jr., who became president of Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Co., was initiated into Skull & Bones class of 1935; and Edward Pennington Pillsbury, who died prior to 1952, was in the S & B class of 1936. The former governor's brother, George A. Pillsbury, was a member of the first board of trustees of the University of Chicago.

George A. Pillsbury / Ancestry.com John S. Pillsbury / Ancestry.com

Mary Pillsbury Lord (Mrs. Oswald Bates Lord) was a director of the National Citizens Committee for the World Health Organization in 1964. Her husband was a member of Skull & Bones class of 1926, and her son, Winston Lord, the former chairman of the Council on Foreign Relations, is a member of S & B class of 1959. She is also the mother-in-law of Bette Bao Lord. Fellow directors included Basil O'Connor, president of the National Foundation; Harold S. Diehl of the American Cancer Society; and Howard A. Rusk.

National Citizens Committee for the World Health Organization, Final Board Meeting, 1964 / tobacco document National Citizens Committee for the World Health Organization, 1964 / tobacco document

In 1974, Mrs. Lord was on the Board of Directors of the American Association for World Health, Inc., the US Committee for the World Health Organization. Fellow directors included Leona Baumgartner; Walter G. James, Vice President for Public Education of the American Cancer Society; George Baehr of the Health Insurance Plan of Greater New York; and Howard A. Rusk.

American Association for World Health, 1974 / tobacco document Lord, Mary Pillsbury: Papers, 1941-72 / Dwight D. Eisenhower Library (pdf)

 

William Henry Welch (Skull & Bones, 1870)

From "The Rockefeller Chronicle," by Anne Bennett Swingle, an approved history in the Fall 2002 Hopkins Medical News: "In the summer of 1897 as Frederick Gates, a former Baptist minister who had become John D. Rockefeller's most trusted advisor, vacationed with his family on Lake Liberty in the Catskill Mountains, he began perusing William Osler's Principles and Practice of Medicine. Gates was fascinated with the scholarly approach to diagnosing and treating disease laid out by Johns Hopkins Hospital's first physician-in-chief. And yet, he hungered for more. 'To a layman like me demanding cures, [Osler] had no word of comfort,' Gates wrote later.

"The key to curing disease, Gates believed, lay in scientific research. He took that idea to John D. Rockefeller Jr., who would shortly take over the family fortune, and Rockefeller Jr. clearly got the message. Four years later, on a March evening in 1901, as he dined with two New York physician-friends, Christian Herter and Emmett Holt, Rockefeller Jr. told them he was planning to create an institution devoted solely to medical research. Who, he asked them, could lead such an organization? Both doctors shot back the same name: William Welch of Johns Hopkins."

The Rockefeller Chronicle / Hopkins Medical News

The Hopkins will was to have funded the medical school with 15,000 shares of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, but by 1884, their value had dropped, and there was no longer enough money. The daughters of four of the Hopkins trustees (M. Carey Thomas, daughter of physician James Carey Thomas; Mary Elizabeth Garrett, daughter of B & O railroad tycoon Robert Garrett; Bessie King, daughter of trustee chairman Farncis T. King; Mamie Gwinn, daughter of executor Charles J.M. Gwinn), and Julie Rogers, founders of the Bryn Mawr School for Girls, offered more money on the condition that the Hopkins medical school admit women. Additional allies included Caroline Harrison, wife of the sitting president; Jane Stanford, wife of Stanford University founder Leland Stanford and then a US senator; Bertha Palmer, "the queen of Chicago society," whose husband, Potter Palmer, built the Palmer House Hotel; Louisa Adams, wife of President John Quincy Adams; abolitionist Julia Ward Howe; Alice Longfellow, daughter of the poet; novelist Sarah Ome Jewett; and the woman physicians Mary Putnam Jacobi (wife of Abraham Jacobi) and Emily Blackwell. (The Other Feminist, by Janet Farrar Worthington. Johns Hopkins Medical News; and Mary Elizabeth Garrett, Founding Benefactor of the School of Medicine, by Nancy McCall. The Hopkins Gazette, Feb. 12, 2001.) The B & O is now part of CSX. Bertha Mathilde Honore Palmer was a financial mainstay of Jane Addams's Hull House.

Worthington / Hopkins Medical News McCall / The Johns Hopkins Gazette

William H. Welch (1850-1934) originally had "no interest in becoming a physician; his major ambition was to become a tutor of Greek." (Lewis R. Packard, S & B 1856, was Professor of Greek at Yale from 1863-1884.) He was appointed by Daniel Coit Gilman in 1884 as the first fulltime member of the faculty of Johns Hopkins University, and assembled its faculty with the help of John Shaw Billings. He also founded and was the first director of the School of Hygiene and Public Health. Welch knew Abraham Jacobi from his intern days at Bellevue Hospital in 1875-76, and met Billings (supposedly by accident) during his training in Liepzig, Germany in 1876-77.

Chronology of the Life of William Henry Welch / Johns Hopkins Medical Institute Welch bio / Johns Hopkins University

Biographical material collected by Simon Flexner for biography, "William Henry Welch and the Heroic Age of American Medicine."

Flexner's Welch collection / Johns Hopkins Medical Institute

Welch's ties to Skull and Bones are explicitly noted in his papers collection in the Johns Hopkins archives: Folder 67/13-15, YALE COLLEGE "Skull and Bones," 1871-1933.

Welch papers Series II / Johns Hopkins Medical Institute

Welch was a correspondent of James R. Angell from 1919 to 1930; Lewellys F. Barker from 1901-31; Stanhope Bayne-Jones in 1932-33; Arthur D. Bevan from 1910-23; John J. Carty from 1926-30; Alfred E. Cohn 1926-32; Surgeon General Hugh S. Cumming 1920-34; Harvey Cushing 1897-1934; William Darrach 1919-30; Robert W. DeForest 1920-31 including "Press clipping with photos Yale class of 1870"; and Frederic Shepard Dennis (Skull & Bones 1872), who established the Carnegie Laboratory in 1895, was a correspondent from 1862 to 1933.

Welch papers Series I, A-D / Johns Hopkins Medical Institute

Welch was a correspondent of John H. Finley from 1925-32; Simon Flexner from 1899-1934; John C. French from 1921-32; Frederick T. Gates from 1907-25; Daniel C. Gilman from 1884-1901, and Elizabeth Gilman from 1911-33; Robert W. Johnson in 1919, 1920 and 1930; David S. Jordan in 1911; Vernon Kellogg from 1924-30, and with his wife Charlotte Kellogg until 1934.

Welch papers Series I, E-K / Johns Hopkins Medical Institute

Welch was a correspondent of William J. Mayo from 1910-20; Albert J. Milbank from 1929-34; Raymond Pearl from 191-34; and Peyton Rous from 1922-34. He also kept in touch with old classmates from Yale, including George D. Miller, from 1870 to 1929. George Douglas Miller (also S & B 1870) was the "Patriarch" who donated the Deer Iland retreat to the group, and requested that peculiar spelling of the word "island." Another classmate whom Welch kept in touch with was Dwight Whitney Learned, S & B 1870, from 1869 to 1933. Learned went to Japan in 1875 and helped found Doshisha University, and served as its first and/or second president. Welch was also a correspondent of James Gore King McClure, S & B 1870, from 1871-1930. McClure was a Presbyterian minister who headed Lake Forest College from 1892-93 and 1897-1901, and president of McCormick Theological Seminary in 1905.

Welch papers Series I, L-R / Johns Hopkins Medical Institute The History of Deer Island / NewRuins.com 1916 Postcard of Deer Island / Vintage Views Learned Memorial Library / Doshisha University President James G.K. McClure / Lake Forest University

Welch was a correspondent of Margaret Sanger from 1921-33; William S. Thayer, co-founder of the American Heart Association in 1924, from 1919-31; Lillian D. Wald from 1921-33; Ray Lyman Wilbur from 1911-31; Edwin B. Wilson from 1919-32; Woodrow Wilson from 1910-1918; C.-E.A. Winslow from 1919-34; and Milton C. Winternitz from 1919-34.

Welch papers Series I, S-Z / Johns Hopkins Medical Institute

The American Lung Association

William Welch was a co-founder of the National Association for the Study and Prevention of Tuberculosis in 1904. Drs. Hermann Biggs, Lawrence Flick, and William Osler were other co-founders, and its first president was Edward Livingston Trudeau. Edward Livingston Trudeau Jr. joined Skull & Bones in 1896, but died of TB in 1904. The organization changed its name to the National Tuberculosis Association in 1918, and later became the American Lung Association. (The Birth of the ALA, by Donny Wright and Joby Topper. University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, 1998.)

The Birth of the ALA / The University of Virginia Health System

Livingston Farrand (1867-1939) was Executive Secretary of the NASPT from 1905 to 1914; President of the University of Colorado 1914-1919; Chairman of the Executive Committee of the American National Red Cross from 1919 to 1921; and President of Cornell University from 1921 to 1937. He was a graduate of Princeton University, 1888.

Livingston Farrand, President, 1921-1937 / Cornell University

In 1913, Farrand was a founder of the American Society for the Control of Cancer, the predecessor of the American Cancer Society.

The American Society for the Control of Cancer

In 1939, Farrand co-authored a "Report to the Rockefeller Foundation on the Education of Public Health Personnel" with Thomas Parran. (Who Will Keep the Public Healthy? Educating Public Health Professionals in the 21st Century. Board on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention of the Institute of Medicine, National Academy Press, 2003.)

Educating Public Health Professionals, 2003 / National Academy Press

The Carnegie Institution

Welch was a trustee of the Carnegie Institution from 1906 to 1934. Daniel Coit Gilman (S & B 1852) was its first president from 1902 to 1904, and a trustee until 1908; Andrew D. White (S & B 1853) was a trustee from 1902 to 1916; John S. Billings from 1902-1913; Simon Flexner from 1913-1914; John J. Carty of AT & T from 1916-1932; and Frederic C. Walcott (S & B 1891) was a trustee from 1931 to 1948. Later trustees include Edward E. David, Hanna H. Gray, and J. Irwin Miller.

Carnegie Institution Yearbook 1999-2000 / Carnegie Institution (pdf, 4pp)

The National Committee for Mental Hygiene

Hopkins psychiatrist Adolf Meyer helped edit Clifford Whittingham Beers's autobiography, A Mind That Found Itself," and was a co-founder of the National Committee for Mental Hygiene. In 1910, its members included future IHR advisory committee members Jane Addams, Edwin A. Alderman, Lewellys F. Barker, Arthur T. Hadley, Adolf Meyer, and William H. Welch; James R. Angell's father, James B. Angell; assorted Bonesmen: Otto T. Bannard, S & B 1876, President of New York Trust Co. and Vice President of the Charity Organization of the City of New York under Robert W. de Forest; mathematical economist Irving Fisher, S & B 1888; Gifford Pinchot, S & B 1889; prep school founder Sherman Day Thacher, S & B 1883; Yale Secretary Anson Phelps Stokes, S & B 1896; plus financier Major Henry L. Higginson (whose wife was Ida Agassiz); and Stanford President David Starr Jordan.

Beers / Disability Museum

The Life Extension Institute

In 1913, in the boardroom of the Guaranty Trust Company, the Life Extension Institute was formed, with former President William H. Taft (S & B 1878) as chairman of the board, Irving Fisher (S & B 1888) as chairman of its Hygiene Reference Board, and William H. Welch as a member of that board.

The Life Extension Institute

Welch was a social friend of Taft since at least 1905. Harvey Cushing and Lewellys Barker were also friends of Taft. The website notes that the Maryland Club, where they had their dinners, "was astonishingly uncooperative with efforts to research these historical events." (Physicians in William Howard Taft's Life. Apneos.) Taft stated that "I have never used tobacco in my life" (Mr. Taft on Diet Loses 70 Pounds. The New York Times, Dec. 12, 1913.)

Physicians / Apneos The New York Times, 1913 / Apneos

The National Academy of Sciences

Welch was President and a member of the Executive Committee of the National Academy of Sciences from 1913 to 1917. In 1916, John J. Carty, Chief Engineer and later Vice President of the American Telephone and Telegraph Company, and future member of the advisory board of the Institute of Human Relations, was Chairman of the Executive Committee of the newly-organized National Research Council, and anti-smoker Raymond Pearl was one of its members. (The National Academy of Sciences: The First Hundred Years, 1863-1963; Ch. 8 World War I and the Creation of the National Research Council, p. 214. National Academy of Sciences, 1978.)

The National Academy of Sciences / National Academy Press

The George Williams Hooper Foundation

Welch was a trustee of the Hooper Foundation for Medical Research at the University of California from 1913 to 1922.

China Medical Board / Peking Union Medical College

Welch was a trustee of the China Medical Board from 1914 to 1928, and Peking Union Medical College from 1915 to 1931.

The Institute of Human Relations

In 1929, Yale President James Angell created the Institute of Human Relations, with Welch as its Chairman, setting up a national policy network controlled by Skull & Bones and cronies of Albert Lasker.

The Institute of Human Relations

Delta Omega

William H. Welch helped organize and was the first faculty member of the Delta Omega Honorary Public Health Society at JHU. Raymond Pearl, the author of the 1938 actuarial anti-smoking study trumpeted by George Seldes, was elected to its Alpha Chapter in 1925. Pearl was a crony of C.C. Little in the birth control movement in the 1920s. Charles-Edward Amory Winslow was a member of its Epsilon Chapter from Yale University, ca. 1927, and was the organization's president from 1927-28. It also had chapters at Harvard (Beta), the University of Michigan (Delta), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Gamma), and the University of California (Zeta). (A History of the Delta Omega Honorary Public Health Society, by Gerald J. Shorb.)

Shorber / Delta Omega (pdf, 27pp) Mary Lasker's Earlier Activism in the Birth Control Movement (Raymond Pearl)

 

The Lambert Family

Dr. Edward Wilberforce Lambert, Skull & Bones 1854

"Dr. Lambert became associated with Henry B. Hyde in 1850, who in that year founded the Equitable Life Assurance Society, and was made the society's first medical director. During the period of forty-five years since then he had remained chief of the Equitable's medical staff...." (Death of Dr. E.W. Lambert. New York Times, July 19, 1904.) The Equitable Building at 120 Broadway was Antony Sutton's "New York Headquarters for Revolution," including the 1917 mission to aid the Bolsheviks in Russia.

Skull & Bones and the American National Red Cross

Bonesmen (and ancestors of Bonesmen) incorporators in 1905 include Charles C. Glover (Charles C. Glover III is S & B 1940); William K. Van Reypen (Jr. is S & B 1905); Gifford Pinchot, S & B 1889; William H. Taft, S & B 1878; William Draper (William Draper III is S & B 1950); and Daniel C. Gilman, S & B 1852.

36 USC CHAPTER 1 - AMERICAN NATIONAL RED CROSS / Lawlinks.com

Mabel Thorp Boardman, "Leading Volunteer"

"In 1900 her name appeared, apparently without her knowledge, as one of the incorporators of the American Red Cross for a congressional charter." She later "used her [unnamed] political influence to cause the withdrawal of government support" and depose Clara Barton in 1904. "In April 1917 a Red Cross War Council superseded the regular executive committee, and Boardman was relegated to relatively minor tasks. She failed to win reappointment to the reconstituted executive committee in 1919."

Boardman, Mabel Thorp / Encyclopedia Britannica

Mabel Boardman's father, William J. Boardman, was a son-in-law of Joseph E. Sheffield, the benefactor of Yale's Sheffield Scientific School.

Joseph E. Sheffield / Webmouse Cyberspace Publications

Boardman was a correspondent of fellow Cleveland native Harvey Williams Cushing, Scroll & Key 1891, in 1891 and from 1913 to 1925, while ARC Chairman William Howard Taft deferred to her. Cushing also corresponded with ARC incorporators Gifford Pinchot in 1908-1934, Samuel Mather in 1913-31, and Henry L. Higginson and Lee, Higginson & Co., 1914-32.

Guide to the Harvey Cushing Papers / Yale University Library

The American Red Cross Mission to Russia, 1917

"Up to about 1915 the most influential person in the American Red Cross National Headquarters in Washington, D.C. was Miss Mabel Boardman. An active and energetic promoter, Miss Boardman had been the moving force behind the Red Cross enterprise, although its endowment came from wealthy and prominent persons including J.P. Morgan, Mrs. E.H. Harriman, Cleveland H. Dodge, and Mrs. Russell Sage. The 1910 fund-raising campaign for $2 million, for example, was successful only because it was supported by these wealthy residents of New York City. In fact, most of the money came from New York City. J.P. Morgan himself contributed $100,000 and seven other contributors in New York City amassed $300,000. Only one person outside New York City contributed over $10,000 and that was William J. Boardman, Miss Boardman's father. Henry P. Davison was chairman of the 1910 New York Fund-Raising Committee and later became chairman of the War Council of the American Red Cross."

The American Red Cross Mission to Russia in 1917 was headed by Frank Billings. "Poor Mr. Billings believed he was in charge of a scientific mission for the relief of Russia... He was in reality nothing but a mask -- the Red Cross complexion of the mission was nothing but a mask," admitted Cornelius Kelleher, assistant to William Boyce Thompson, head of the US Federal Reserve Bank, who funded the charade. The seven medical members of the mission, including Charles-Edward Amory Winslow of the Yale School of Public Health, quit and returned to the US. Other participants included lawyer Thomas Day Thacher, Skull & Bones 1904, member of the advisory committee of Yale's Institute of Human Relations (and son of Thomas Thacher S & B 1871); George W. Hill, President of the American Tobacco Company; James W. Andrews, then the auditor of Liggett & Myers Tobacco Co.; and Harry L. Hopkins, who was assistant to the general manager of the Red Cross in Washington, DC. (Wall Street and the Bolshevik Revolution, by Antony C. Sutton. Chapter V - The American Red Cross Mission in Russia - 1917.)

Ch. V - Wall Street and the Bolshevik Revolution / Reformed-Theology

The Rockefeller Foundation contributed $5,000,000, with no strings attached, to the 1917 Red Cross War Fund, through Team 6, headed by Edgar L. Marston, of which John D. Rockefeller was a member. The Anaconda Copper Mining Company contributed $1,500,000, and the General Electric Company, $1,000,000. The Liggett & Myers Tobacco Company contributed $50,000 through its various branches. James B. Duke's nephew, Angier B. Duke, "nstead of soliciting big contributions from his wealthy friends," set out to collect donations of $1 to $5 from the poor folks of Newport, Rhode Island. (Rockefeller Donation To Red Cross $5,000,000. New York Times, June 22, 1917, p. 10.)

President Woodrow Wilson was named as the largely ceremonial President of the Red Cross in 1913; in turn, he appointed the seven-member War Council of Wall Street banksters who organized the 1917 mission to Russia. (Leaders of the American Red Cross. American Red Cross Museum.) The first official Chairman of the American Red Cross (1905-06) was Rear Adm. (ret) William K. Van Reypen, whose son, William Knickerbocker Van Reypen, Jr., was in Skull & Bones Class of 1905. William Howard Taft (S & B 1878) served as President of the ARC from 1906-13 and Chairman from 1915-1919. He was a close friend of Mabel Boardman and "deferred to her in most matters." Morgan banker Henry (Harry) Pomeroy Davison was Chairman of the War Council from 1917-1919; his sons, F. Trubee and Henry Pomeroy Davison, joined Skull & Bones in 1918 and 1920. Livingston Farrand, Chairman of the Central Committee from 1919-1921, was an old crony of William H. Welch from the National Assosiation for the Prevention and Study of Tuberculosis, of which he was Executive Secretary from 1905-1914. Rear Adm. Cary T. Grayson was Chairman from 1935-38; Cary Travers Grayson Jr. joined Skull & Bones in 1942. FDR's crony, Basil O'Connor, was President from 1944-47 and Chairman from 1947-49. Edward Roland Harriman, S & B 1917, the brother of Averell Harriman, S & B 1913, was President from 1950-53 and Chairman from 1954-73. Frank Stanton, former president and CEO of CBS, succeded him as Chairman from 1973-79. Former National Institutes of Health Director Bernardine P. Healy was President from 1999-2001.

Leaders of the American Red Cross / American Red Cross Museum Van Reypen House / Jersey City History

H.P Davison's wife and daughter, the wife of Artemus L. Gates, S & B 1918, helped raise funds for the American Society for the Control of Cancer in 1927.

The American Society for the Control of Cancer

C.-E.A. Winslow

Winslow was Professor of Public Health at the Yale School of Medicine from 1915 to 1945, and the first director of its J.B. Pierce Laboratory from 1932 to 1957. In the 1920s, he formulated the false dichotomy between "infectious" and "chronic" diseases, and proposed to abandon the traditional public health emphasis on communicable diseases and meddle in the public's lifestyles instead. He also participated in the centralization of the health establishment in New York City and then nationwide.

Charles-Edward Amory Winslow

Columbia - Presbyterian Medical Center

The Order has dominated the board of trustees from at least 1927 to 1957

Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center

Memorial Hospital & Sloan-Kettering Institute

John E. Parsons; B. Brewster Jennings; John Mercer Walker, S & B 1931

Memorial Hospital and Sloan-Kettering Institute

BONES CONTROLLED THE 1964 SG REPORT AND AMA FOUNDATION

Stanhope Bayne-Jones (Skull & Bones 1910)

Stanhope Bayne-Jones's uncle, Hugh Aiken Bayne, was a member of Skull & Bones class of 1892. He practiced law in New York City from 1898 to 1917; was a member of Maj. Gen. Pershing's staff from 1917-19; and was in Paris, France from 1919 to 1928. His uncle, attorney John Levingston Bayne, Skull & Bones 1847, was the son-in-law of Alabama Governor John Gayle. He was Chief of the Bureau of Foreign Supplies for the Confederacy.

Stanhope Jones/Minna Bayne / The Martin House

Stanhope Bayne-Jones was a correspondent of William Henry Welch (S & B 1870); Pierre Jay (S & B 1892), Chairman of the Board of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York; Charles Seymour (S & B 1908), President of Yale from 1937 to 1950; and of members of his Skull & Bones Class of 1910: Robert Dudley French, professor of English at Yale, 1919-1950; Carl Albert Lohmann, Secretary of Yale 1927-1953; and also of C.E.A. Winslow and James R. Angell.

Bayne-Jones was elected to the board of trustees of the Josiah Macy Jr. Foundation in 1938. Dave Hennon Morris ws chairman of the board; Dr. Ludwig Kast, president; J. Macy Willets, secretary; Robert E. Allen, treasurer; Lawrence K. Frank, vice president; and Dr. Charles Sidney Burwell, trustee. The foundation was established in 1930 by Mrs. Walter G. Ladd in memory of her father. (Research Group Elects. The New York Times, Dec. 8, 1938.)

Stanhope Bayne-Jones Papers / National Library of Medicine Stanhope Bayne-Jones bio / Johns Hopkins Medical Institute

In 1949, Bayne-Jones was president of the joint adminsitrative board of the New York Hospital - Cornell Medical Center. Addressing the American College of Physicians annual meeting, he called for preventive clinical medicine aimed at "the chronic diseases of those over 40 years of age." No mention of smoking was reported. (Broader Function of Hospitals Cited, by William L. Laurence. The New York Times, Mar. 29, 1948.)

In 1950, Stanhope Bayne-Jones was a member of the New York City Board of Hospitals, of which Mrs. Albert D. Lasker was also a member. (Hospitals Board Named By Mayor. New York Times, Aug. 11, 1950.)

In 1956, the Albert and Mary Lasker Foundation, Inc., along with George Gund, the George Gund Foundation, and David M. Levy, funded the James Stevens Simmons Memorial Fund at the Harvard School of Public Health. (Gifts to Harvard, January 1 to March 31, 1956. Nathan March Pusey. ctr/50001545-1580.) Simmons was the Dean of the Harvard School of Public Health from 1946 to his death in 1954. From 1940 to 1946, he was a founder of the Armed Forces Epidemiological Board, with then-Col. Stanhope Bayne-Jones as his executive assistant. (The Genesis of the Board for the Investigation and Control of Influenza and Other Epidemic Diseases in the Military. US Army)

The Genesis of the Board for the Investigation and Control of Malaria / US Army (pdf, 50pp)

Bayne-Jones was appointed to the Surgeon General's Advisory Committee on Smoking and Health (US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Press Release, Nov. 11, 1962). "BAYNE-JONES acted as their quasi-chairman/ was sr.-most member,, LMS had used his textbook on microbiology while at med sch. so he inspired a certain element of awe in him/his skills cut across all the others' & he'd been administrator as Yale med. dean: he was 'the father figure' for the group//" (Richard Kluger's notes for "Ashes to Ashes," interview of SGAC member Leonard M. Schuman, public health epidemiologist from University of Minnesota; July 15, 1988.)

US DHEW, 1962 / tobacco document Kluger, 7-15-88 / tobacco document The 1964 SG Report re infection and lung cancer

Between 1964 and 1968, Stanhope Bayne-Jones was the General Chairman of the Conference and Workshops for Research on Tobacco and Health, sponsored by the American Medical Association Education and Research Foundation, which was funded by the Council for Tobacco Research. (Program, Colorado Springs,Nov. 2-3, 1966; San Francisco, June 19, 1968; The Project for Research on Tobacco and Health 1964-1968. Report to the Profession and Abstracts of the Grants - June, 1968.)

Program, Nov. 2-3, 1966 / tobacco document Program, June 19, 1968 / tobacco document

Bayne-Jones joined Dr. Leonard Schuman in his militant false assertion that "the studies of the many investigators abstracted in the Progress Report and the overwhelming majority of all other research efforts in these areas enhance our understanding of the mechanisms involved in the _well-established_ relationships between smoking and several important diseases of man. For the most part, these many studies carry us closer to judgments of causality in some diseases and strengthen the judgments of causality made four years ago on the basis of thousands of studies then completed." [Their understanding being that correlation equals causation, although to this day no specific mechanism has been identified -cast] (Stanhope Bayne-Jones to Dr. Francis L. Blasingame, Executive Vice President of the AMA, July 2, 1968; with enclosure of Schuman's statement.)

Bayne-Jones to Blasingame, July 2, 1968 / tobacco document

AMA-ERF Committee for Research on Tobacco and Health: Richard J. Bing of the CTR; Stuart Bondurant, Albany Medical College; Earl A. Evans Jr., U. of Chicago; Robert J. Hasterlik of La Jolla, Cal.; John B. Hickam, U. of Indiana; Paul Kotin, former CTR SAB; Marvin Kuschner, SUNY - Stony Brook; Paul S. Larson, of the CTR SAB; Charles LeMaistre ["Enron Boy"], U. of Texas; Richard D. Remington, U. of Michigan; Maurice H. Seevers, U. of Michigan; Chester M. Southam, Thomas Jefferson U. AMA Staff Secretaries: John C. Ballin and Ira Singer. (Tobacco and Health. Compiled by the AMA-ERF Committee for Research on Tobacco and Health. American Medical Association Education and Research Foundation, 1978.) They smugly announced that they had discovered absolutely nothing to contradict "the 1963 report of the Surgeon General," thereby proving that defective science that ignores infection continues to produce defective results. They were especially proud to proclaim that "Gastrointestinal tract studies include new mechanisms by which nicotine may influence peptic ulcer" - WHICH WE NOW KNOW WERE CAUSED BY HELICOBACTER PYLORI. So, thanks to these corrupt vermin whose only interest was to lynch smoking and avoid exonerating it at any cost, hundreds of thousands of people suffered and died needlessly. And, they and the rotten-to-the-core health establishment they represent have perpetrated the same scam with every ailment - and all without the slightest squeak of rebuke from the corrupt vermin in the media, whose only interest is likewise to lynch smoking by screeching self-righteous lies accusing the TOBACCO INDUSTRY of corrupting science.

Tobacco and Health, 1978 / tobacco document

The Whitney Family

The Whitney family was involved in the Guaranty Trust and the American Tobacco Company. William Collins Whitney, S & B 1863; his classmate and brother-in-law, Oliver Hazard Payne; Harry Payne Whitney, S & B 1894; William Payne Whitney, S & B 1898

The Whitney Family

New England Institute for Medical Research

On the 1963 Board of Trustees of the New England Institute for Medical Research is Lieut. Gen. Leslie R. Groves (ret), of Darien, Conn., who headed the Manhattan Project. On the Scientific Advisory Board are Dr. Walter L. Brown, Physicist, Bell Laboratories (one of Shockley's group); Dr. Gerald Johnson, Assistant to Secretary of Defense for Atomic Energy; and a couple of Yale professors. On the Advisory Council are Prescott Bush (S & B 1917); Thomas R. Jones, Vice Chairman of Schlumberger Ltd. at Murray Hill, NJ (the Bell Labs locale); and Harold D. Lasswell, Yale Professor of Law. Its Executive Director was Dr. John H. Heller.

NEIMR Annual Report, 1963 / tobacco document

This was sent to C.C. Little of the Tobacco Industry Research Council by a trustee of his Jackson Memorial Laboratory, with the comments that "My Step Mother-in-law (Mrs. Doubleday) knows as much about Scientific Research as my HOOF. She is one of the Backers of Dr. Heller and this Institute. It sounds to me like a PHONY and I would be very interested to get from you a CONFIDENTIAL statement as to what it is all about. I wonder where they get their MICE?" (James H. Ripley to C.C. Little, April 20, 1965.)

Ripley to Little, 1965 / tobacco document

Little replied to Ripley that "He consulted us about a financial grant but, since he insisted that the money be given outright to be spent as he wished without a pre-arranged program, he did not fall into the category that we feel we can support." (Little to Ripley, April 22, 1965.)

Little to Ripley, 1965 / tobacco document

In 1964, former Vice President Richard M. Nixon joined the Advisory Council. Although his letter to the Vice President of P. Lorillard Co. says that RJ Reynolds Tobacco Company has supported the Institute annually since 1960, none of these documents appear to be on the RJRT website. (Heller to J. Edgar Bennett, VP and Assistant to President, P. Lorillard, May 18, 1964.) They had financial support from a long list of corporations and foundations, as well as the U.S. Government. In 1963, they opened a new lab wing on Cape Haze, near Sarasota, Florida. (New Lab Wing Here To Help Research To Battle Cancer. Sarasota Herald Tribune, Mar. 10, 1963.)

Heller to Bennett, 1964 / tobacco document NEIMR Supporters / tobacco document Sarasota Tribune, 1963 / tobacco document

Heller first contacted the TIRC in 1954, but withdrew his application on Aug. 2, 1955. He said the Institute grew out of the Department of Physical Medicine at Yale, but was now separate.

Dec. 21, 1954 / tobacco document Heller application, June 18, 1955 / tobacco document Cover letter, June 18, 1955 / tobacco document SAB Action, no date / tobacco document

Heller filed a patent in 1957 for "Immunizing Against and Treatment of Diseases." In 1961, he submitted a "Proposal for the Establishment of a Biogeophysical Research Center," based on a Task Force initiated by the President's Special Assistant for Science and Technology, Jerome B. Weisner, for "the coordinated study of the action of geophysical forces on biological systems, especially man."

Heller Patent, 1957 / tobacco document Heller proposal, Nov. 15, 1961 / tobacco document

Heller's work with rf fields caused microorganisms and also inanimate bits of plastic to move, which has inspired various claims of biological effects by the kind of quacks who don't consider even fundamental parameters such as field strength to be important issues. (High Frequency Fields, by Cyril Maire. Paper presented at Symposium of the Dr. Abraham J. Ginsberg Foundation for Medical Research, June 29, 1959.)

Maire, 1959 / Website of Royal Rife

Gerald Woodrow Johnson joined the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory in 1953, and was later associate director for nuclear testing in Nevada and the Pacific. He was Special Assistant to the Secretary of Defense for Atomic Energy and Chairman of the Military Liaison Committee to the Atomic Energy Commission, 1961-1963; and a member of the Scientific Advisory Committee of the Defense Intelligence Agency, 1965-1969.

Gerald Johnson Papers / University of California - San Diego

"...General Leslie Groves [the general in charge of the Manhattan project], he's a fat man, and he hates people who smoke and drink." He had a covert feud with Dr. Robert Oppenheimer, who was a chain smoker who drank cocktails and hated fat men. (One hell of a big bang. Studs Terkel interview of Paul Tibbets. The Guardian, Aug. 6, 2002.)

Terkel/Tibbets interview / The Guardian, 2002

In 1967, John H. Kreisher, Assistant Director and Research Associate of the NEIRM, joined the Council for Tobacco Research as Associate Scientific Director, under Robert C. Hockett. Also, Dr. Howard B. Andervont and Dr. Paul Kotin resigned from CTR's Scientific Advisory Board, and were replaced by Clayton G. Loosli and Sheldon C. Sommers. (Confidential Report. The Council for Tobacco Research - U.S.A. Jan. 27, 1967.)

CTR Confidential Report, Jan. 27, 1967 / tobacco document The CTR Was a Lasker Loot-A-Thon

A current member of Congress, Rep. Sue W. Kelly (R-NY), gives as part of her background that she was a biomedical researcher at the New England Institute for Medical Research.

Sue W. Kelly bio / US Congress

The Webb-Waring Lung Institute

The Webb-Waring Institute for Medical Research (later named the Webb-Waring Lung Institute) was founded in Colorado Springs, Colorado in 1924, by a tuberculosis specialist, Dr. Gerald R. Webb, and Dr. James J. Waring, Chairman of the Department of Medicine of the University of Colorado School of Medicine. Lasker Foundation Director Robert J. Glaser, then-Vice President for Medical Affairs and Dean of the Stanford University School of Medicine, was an Honorary Consultant in 1969-70; and Rene J. Dobus, Professor Emeritus of Pathology of the Rockefeller Institute, was an Honorary Consultant during 1969-76. Dr. Robert S. Liggett, who was President in 1969-70 and a trustee until at least 1976, was born in St. Louis - the home of Liggett & Myers Tobacco Company - in 1903.

Trustees, Webb-Waring Institute Annual Report 1969-70 / tobacco document Robert S. Liggett bio, Webb-Waring Institute Annual Report 1969-70 / tobacco document Trustees, Webb-Waring Institute Annual Report 1976 / tobacco document Trustee letterhead, Webb-Waring Lung Institute, 1986 / tobacco document Trustee letterhead, Webb-Waring Lung Institute, 1987 / tobacco document

Devereux C. Josephs was President of the Webb-Waring Lung Institute in 1986, and a Trustee from at least 1984-87. In 1961, Josephs was involved in Newton Minow's abuse of Federal Communications Commission power to force the sale of a television station to the Channel 13 educational television gang in New York City.

The Fairy Tale of John Banzhaf and the "Fairness Doctrine"

"James J. Waring, M.D. (1883-1962), was the first full-time Professor of Medicine at the University of Colorado School of Medicine. Waring came to Colorado to recuperate from tuberculosis, which interrupted his medical studies at Johns Hopkins University. When he had recovered, he continued his medical education, graduating with the 1913 class of the University of Colorado School of Medicine. Dr. Waring, an internist, served as head of the University's Department of Medicine from 1933-1948. He was active in the Colorado Foundation for Research in Tuberculosis, and negotiated the affiliation of the Foundation with the School of Medicine in 1949. The Foundation is now known as the Webb-Waring Institute,..." (Waring Room, Denison Memorial Library, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center.)

Waring Room / University of Colorado HSC

The Philip Morris Research Foundation and the American Heart Association are major funders ($50,000+) of the Webb-Waring Institute.

2003 Annual Report / Webb-Waring Institute (pdf, 24pp)

Alfred Cowles III, Skull & Bones 1913

In 1929, Alfred Cowles III (1891-1984) came to town because he was suffering from tuberculosis; and in 1932, he founded the Cowles Commission for Research in Economics there. His particular focus was on stock market forecasting. The Cowles Commission later moved to the University of Chicago, and ended up at Yale. "The Cowles family has a long association with Yale University, starting with Alfred Cowles's father and uncle, who were Yale graduates. [Albert Cowles, Skull & Bones 1886, and William Hutchinson Cowles, Skull & Bones 1887 -cast.] His grandnephew, William H. Cowles 3rd [Yale University Class of 1953], President and Publisher of the Cowles Publishing Company of Spokane, Washington." From 1969 to at least 1976, Alfred Cowles 3rd was an Honorary Trustee of the Webb-Waring Institute.

Alfred Cowles, 3rd / Cowles Foundation, Yale University

James Quigg Newton Jr., Skull & Bones 1933

Newton was the mayor of Denver, Colorado, from 1947-1955. As a well-connected Bonesman, he brought lots of boodle to the city, and established its first department of public health under Florence Sabin. In 1955-56 he was a vice president of the Ford Foundation. He was president of the University of Colorado at Boulder from 1956-63, then headed the Commonwealth Foundation in New York. Later, he was a senior consultant for the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation in Palo Alto, California, and returned to Denver and his old law firm, now Davis Graham and Stubbs, in 1981. (Former mayor Newton dies. He left legacy of projects, leadership. By Virginia Culver. Denver Post, April 6, 2003; and: Obituary, University of Colorado. April 10, 2003.)

Culver, Denver Post 2003 / University of Colorado at Colorado Springs Newton Obituary, 2003 / University of Colorado, Boulder

As president of the Commonwealth Fund from 1964 to 1975, he directed more of its funding to medical education, and "directed seed money to the Harvard Community Health Plan, the first prepaid health care delivery program established by a university. Newton was a fellow both of the Academy of Arts and Sciences and of the Center for the Advanced Study in Behavioral Sciences. A member of the Institute of Medicine and of the National Academy of Sciences, he was also affiliated with the Mental Health Council of the National Institutes of Health, and he was a trustee of the Nutrition Foundation and chairman of the board of the Greater New York YMCA." Newton also served on the Alumni Council of the Phillips Andover Academy, and endowed the James Quigg Newton Scholarship Fund there. (J. Quigg Newton Jr. Andover Bulletin Online Summer 2003, Vol. 96, No. 4.)

J. Quigg Newton Obituary / Andover Academy The Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences

Newton was a trustee of the Boettcher Foundation, created by a family who immigrated from Germany and became cement magnates, from 1937 to 1955.

Past Trustees / Boettcher Foundation (pdf, 1p)

Newton was a member of the American Cancer Society's National Commission on Smoking and Public Policy in 1977.

ACS Press Release, Feb. 1, 1977 / tobacco document

Newton was an Honorary Trustee of the Webb-Waring Institute from at least 1969 to at least 1989.

Dr. Roger S. Mitchell, Attack Dog

Dr. Roger S. Mitchell, a past president of the American Thoracic Society anddirector of the Webb-Waring Institute, began his campaign for blood-money before the 1964 Surgeon General report was even released. "In spite of your official capacity, you surely must have some inner concern over the possibility that regular cigarette smoking for many years is seriously harmful to the health of many humans," he wrote to both Joseph F. Cullman III, the president of Philip Morris, and H.J. Cramer, the president of Lorillard, March 20, 1963. His proffered "solution" to the anti-smokers' attacks was for them to flop on their bellies and plead guilty, while shoveling out tons of money to the anti-smoker bloodsuckers. Which is exactly what they did, while the anti-smokers conducted their bogus research in the spirit of the Tuskegee Study, making a big show of measuring lung faction and spewing out charts and statistics, while neglecting research on chronic infection.

Mitchell to Cullman III, March 20, 1963 / tobacco document Mitchell to Cramer, March 20, 1963 / tobacco document

Mitchell ranted against college students smoking at the American College health Association convention in Kansas City, Missouri (Seek ways to curb college smoking. Kansas City Times, April 27, 1963.)

Kansas City Times, April 27, 1963 / tobacco document

Colorado Interagency Council on Smoking and Health hate propaganda, "Why Smoke? Some facts YOU should know about one the greatest Hazards to Health," 1964, whose sponsors include the Webb-Waring Institute as well as the usual culprits (the American Cancer Society, the Heart Association, and Tuberculosis and Respiratory Disease Association, et al.)

Colorado Interagency Council on Smoking and Health, 1964 / tobacco document

Mitchell responds to Tobacco Institute President George V. Allen's request for unpublished data that Mitchell furnished for the 1964 Surgeon General report with a reprint of his published paper, "Cigarette Smoking, Chronic Bronchitis, and Emphysema" (RS Mitchell, TN Vincent, GF Filley. Journal of the American Medical Association, April 6, 1964). Funded by the National Heart Institute, Iowa Tuberculosis and Health Association, and Iowa Heart Association.

Mitchell to Allen, May 13, 1964 / tobacco document Mitchell et al., JAMA 1964 / tobacco document

Mitchell was one of the "experts" thanked by Daniel Horn in the 1971 Surgeon General Report, "The Health Consequences of Smoking."

Acknowledgements, 1971 SG Report /tobacco document

Webb-Waring and the Council for Tobacco Research

William U. Gardner advocated support for David W. Talmadge's work, "The Role of Macrophage Induced Factors in Cancer Immunity," with "cancer immunity" being undefined, and a specious concept when the role of infection is ignored. (Gardner to CTR Scientific Advisory Board members Feldman, Hockett, Huebner, Meier, Sommers, Stone & Wattenberg, Jan. 10, 1977.)

Gardner to CTR SAB, Jan. 10, 1977 / tobacco document

Talmadge approval with: "Comment: As progress appears to be satisfactory this request will be handled administratively and witheld from the bulky SAB agenda for the April 1978 meeting, unless you object." (David Stone to SAB, Jan. 5, 1978.)

Stone to SAB, Jan. 5, 1978 / tobacco document

Gardner advocated support for John E. Repine's work, "The Role of Phagocytes in the Development of Centrilobar Emphysema." (Gardner to CTR SAB members Hockett, Jacobson, Stone and Wyatt, Feb. 15, 1979.)

Gardner to CTR SAB members, Feb. 15, 1979 / tobacco document Stone to Gardner, Meier, and Sommers, Jan. 16, 1980 / tobacco document

The CTR began funding Repine's work pushing the theory that "free radicals" are the cause of lung disease. (D.H. Ford and R.C. Hockett to S.C. Sommers and staff; Site visit with Dr. J.E. Repine and collaborators at the Webb Waring Institute, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, August 24, 1981.)

Ford & Hockett to Sommers, Sep. 8, 1981 / tobacco document Ford & Hockett to Sommers, Aug. 31, 1981 / tobacco document Ford & Hockett to Sommers, re Aug. 15, 1983 site visit / tobacco document Ford & Stone to Sommers, re Oct. 18, 1983 site visit to J.A. Foster / tobacco document Ford to J.F. Glenn, re Oct. 10, 1990 site visit / tobacco document John E. Repine, M.D. / University of Colorado HSC

The Aspen Lung Conference

The Webb-Waring Institute began sponsoring the Aspen Lung Conference in 1957. Its International Advisors in 1983 included James Hogg of the University of British Columbia, and Claude Lenfant of the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute.

History / Aspen Lung Conference History of the Aspen Lung Conference, Aug. 1983 / tobacco document Adenoviruses Cause COPD (James C. Hogg) <= HOME

cast 04-24-05

[Guest guest]

> I would have to agree that our hospitals &

healthcare are run by these folks. Lets face it the

insurance companies run the doctors and tell them what

they will allow. I know this due to the job I did for

years. Anyone who has ever worked in Utilization

Review in a hospital knows this. Did this job for a

few years and its all about what the insurance company

ALLOWS.

lynn

 

 

 

 

 

Lynn