CJD-infectious colostrum?Isn't that part of Milk???

[Guest guest]

CJD-infectious colostrum? Colostrum gained 4 days after a cesarean section in

the 30th week of pregnancy from a 38-year-old Japanese woman was injected

directly into the brains of 20 BALB/c mice. 2 of these 20 mice became sick and

showed according to the presentation given by the authors histopathologically

recognizable spongiforme degeneration and astrogliosis. By injection of brain

material from the diseased mice into the brains of other mice the authors

demonstrated transmissibility of the disease. The child of this woman was not

breast fed and has so far healthily reached at least its 6th year of life.

[ALJP]

The disquietening result of this experiment was simply concealed in many

opinions on the BSE safety of milk. Others question it without backing their

doubts by facts which could be checked. Thus the Scientific Steering Committee

of the EU in its Opinion on the safety of milk with regard to TSE refers to a

letter from Professor K. Yamanouchi to Ray Bradley dated February 1997, which

unfortunately was never published and is not even quoted word-for-word,

according to which a Japanese authority by further histopathological resp.

immunhistochemical examinations of fixated brain slices of mice which had been

inoculated with colostrum and later became sick detected neither spongiforme

degenerations nor protease resistant prion proteins [ANCL]. This is rather

peculiar, as the authors of the study had clearly reported to have found

spongiforme degenerations and astrogliosis. Why, then, did the Japanese

authority not publish a clarifying report on the assumed fake or at least on the

misinterpretation by Tamai et al., and why was their paper not officially

retracted if the data were, in fact, incorrect?

Moreover the Japanese authority is reported to have actually detected

spongiforme degenerations and protease resistant prion protein in brain slices

of mice which had been inoculated with brain material from the mice which had

been injected with colostrum [ANCL]. This raises the question how the allegedly

not infected mice could have been infectious themselves.

Quite strange is, too, that the Japanese authority as well as the SSC doubt the

results of Tamai et al. only because after the initial transmission crossing a

species barrier one had not found the typical holes and amyloid plaques [ANCL].

Apart from the contradicting statements of Tamai et al. also Clark 1981, Fraser

et al. 1992 and Lasmézas et al. 1997 had shown that likewise transmitting

Scrapie to cattle [AFPP] or BSE to mice [AEEK,AHBH] not always holes and

immunologically detectable protease resistant prion protein can be found.

Similarly the Scrapie strain SSBP/1 in sheep partly causes only minimal

degenerative changes, making a clear neuropatholocical diagnosis hardly possible

[ADIO,AEDB].

Finally in all experiments on the transmission of CJD or BSE to mice it was

observed that different strains of mice showed different susceptibilities to

certain strains of the infectious agent [ANCB, ANCC, ALMQ]. Insuccessful

attempts to repeat a transmission experiment therefore do not necessarily prove

it to be untrustworthy.

Scrapie transmission by semen or embryos? The embryo transfer study by Foster et

al. [AEDB, AECX] intended to show whether scrapie infected sheep could infect

their offspring already in the first days of gestation. The published first part

of results in the year 1992 seemed to prove this [AEDB], but after an extension

of the experiment by negative controls as published in 1996 this interpretation

could no longer be upheld [AECX]. The biological offspring of not infected

mothers developed the disease as often as the biological offspring of infected

mothers. In view of all inadequacies of the experimental design this embryo

transfer experiment by Foster and his colleagues shows that with Scrapie there

must either occur transmission by clinically inapparent mothers or by ways of

transmission other than the ingestion of infectious placenta. Moreover, this

experiment demonstrates that a maternal transmission is highly unlikely up to

the 6th day of gestation. Milk would have been only one

of several possible ways of transmission in this experiment if there would

actually exist scrapie resistant scrapie transmitters in sheep.

In another embryo transfer experiment not even all experimentally infected sheep

developed the disease and only 2 of 20 offspring of Scrapie infected sheep

intended as positive controls [AECB]. Of the offspring produced by embryo

transfer none contracted the disease, thus even this experiment does not point

at maternal transmission [AECB].

New Experiments

In an experiment which has presumably begun in the meantime it shall be

attempted to detect protease resistant prion protein in the concentrated milk of

experimentally infected cows by one of the validated BSE-Tests [sEA]. The SEAC

states with respect to this that an intracerebral inoculation of milk of BSE

sick cows directly into the brains of calves would be favourable and therefore

recommended such bioassays [sEA]. Without a species barrier and circumventing

the digestive tract such a transmission experiment promises a significantly

higher sensitivity than all experiments carried out so far.

Also the SSC is aware of the limited significance of the studies carried out so

far and of the existence of leukocytes in milk and made clear, that a precise

estimation as to the BSE risk from milk and colostrum would not be possible

without respective experiments using intracerebral inoculation in animals of the

same species [ANCL]. Therefore the SSC advises against the consumption of

colostrum, milk and milk products of BSE suspect animals and requires more

significant transmission experiments [ANCL]. Until the end of March 2001 the SSC

had no knowledge of plans for highly sensitive experiments in which milk of BSE

sick cows was to be injected into the brains of calves [ANCL]. Commissioned by

the Food Standards Agency only the milk of experimentally infected cows was to

be examined for protease resistant prion protein [ANCL].

A research cooperation including

Prof. Erwin Märtlbauer, Chair of Hygiene and Technology of Milk at the

Institute for Hygiene and Technology of Food of Animal Origin of the Veterinary

Faculty of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University in Munich,

Prof. Siegfried Scherer at the Institute for Microbiology of the Research

Centre for Milk and Food in Weihenstephan of the Technical University of Munich,

Prof. Manfred Gareis at the Institute for Microbiology and Toxicology of the

Federal Institution for Meat Research in Kulmbach and

Dr. Martin Groschup at the Institute for Immunology of the Federal Research

Institution for Viral Diseases of Animals

strives to achieve a concentration of the agent by biochemical and/or

immunochemical methods which allows for a 1000 fold more sensitive detection of

PrPSC in body fluids like milk, blood and meat juice.

Moreover, according to an information given by Nora Hunter on the 14.3.2001 an

experiment was to be carried out in which some scrapie susceptible lambs were to

be hand-reared [ANCL].

Literature

ANCH . Alpers,M. - Epidemiological and clinical aspects of kuru - In:

Prusiner,S.B. und McKinley,M.P. (Editoren) Prions: novel infectious pathogens

causing scrapie and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. San Diego: Academic Press, 1987:

451-65

 

ANCC . Barlow,R.M.; Middleton,D.J. - Oral transmission of BSE to mice -

Sub-Acute Spongiform Encephalopathies, edited by Ray Bradley, Marc Savey and

Brian Marchant - Proceedings of a Seminar in the CEC Agricultural Research

Programme, held in Brussels, 12-14 November 1990, 1991; 55: 33-9 in Current

Topics in Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science

 

ANCB . Barlow,R.M.; Middleton,D.J. - Dietary transmission of bovine spongiform

encephalopathy to mice - The Veterinary Record 1990 Feb 3; 126(5): 111-2

 

ADIO . Dickinson,A.G. - Scrapie in sheep and goats - Frontiers of Biology 1976;

44: 209-41

 

AECB . Foote,W.C.; Clark,W.; Maciulis,A.; Call,J.W.; Hourrigan,J.; Evans,R.C.;

Marshall,M.R.; de Camp,M. - Prevention of scrapie transmission in sheep, using

embryo transfer - American Journal of Veterinary Research 1993 Nov; 54(11):

1863-8

 

AECX . Foster,J.D.; Hunter,N.; Williams,A.; Mylne,M.J.A.; Mckelvey,W.A.C.;

Hope,J.; Fraser,H.; Bostock,C. - Observations on the transmission of scrapie in

experiments using embryo-transfer - The Veterinary Record 1996 Jun 8; 138(23):

559-62

 

AEDA . Foster,J.D.; Hope,J.; Fraser,H. - Transmission of bovine spongiform

encephalopathy to sheep and goats - The Veterinary Record 1993 Oct 2; 133(14):

339-41

 

AEDB . Foster,J.D.; McKelvey,W.A.; Mylne,M.J.; Williams,A.; Hunter,N.; Hope,J.;

Fraser,H. - Studies on maternal transmission of scrapie in sheep by embryo

transfer - The Veterinary Record 1992 Apr 18; 130(16): 341-3

 

ANCG . Fraser,H.; Foster,J.D. - Transmission to mice, sheep and goats and

bioassay of bovine tissues - Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies, R.

Bradley and B. Marchant, eds.: Brussels: Working document for the European

Commission Ref.F.II.3-JC/0003), pp. 145-159. - Proceedings of a Consultation on

BSE with the Scientific Veterinary Committee of the Commission of the European

Communities, 14-15 September 1993, (1994)

 

AEEK . Fraser,H.; Bruce,M.E.; Chree,A.; McConnell,I.; Wells,G.A. - Transmission

of bovine spongiform encephalopathy and scrapie to mice - Journal of General

Virology 1992 Aug; 73(8): 1891-7

 

AEZP Hadlow,W.J.; Kennedy,R.C.; Race,R.E. - Natural infection of Suffolk sheep

with scrapie virus - Journal of Infectious Diseases 1982 Nov; 146(5): 657-64

 

AEZR . Hadlow,W.J.; Kennedy,R.C.; Race,R.E.; Eklund,C.M. - Virologic and

neurohistologic findings in dairy goats affected with natural scrapie -

Veterinary Pathology 1980 Mar; 17(2): 187-99

 

AEZS . Hadlow,W.J.; Eklund,C.M.; Kennedy,R.C.; Jackson,T.A.; Whitford,H.W.;

Boyle,C.C. - Course of experimental scrapie virus infection in the goat -

Journal of Infectious Diseases 1974 May; 129(5): 559-67

 

PEA . Heynkes,R. (18 Sep 2001) - Die meisten BSE-Kühe wurden als Kälber

infiziert - www.heynkes.de/peaks.htm

 

AFPP . Hourrigan,J.L. - Experimentally induced bovine spongiform encephalopathy

in cattle in Mission, Tex, and the control of scrapie - Journal of the American

Veterinary Medical Association 1990 May 15; 196(10): 1678-9

 

AFPS . Houston,F.; Foster,J.D.; Chong,A.; Hunter,N.; Bostock,C.J. - Transmission

of BSE by blood transfusion in sheep - Lancet 2000 Sep 16; 356(9234): 999-1000

 

AHBH . Lasmézas,C.I.; Deslys,J.P.; Robain,O.; Jaegly,A.; Beringue,V.;

Peyrin,J.M.; Fournier,J.G.; Hauw,J.J.; Rossier,J.; Dormont,D. - Transmission of

the BSE agent to mice in the absence of detectable abnormal prion protein -

Science 1997 Jan 17; 275(5298): 402-5

 

AIIK . Middleton,D.J.; Barlow,R.M. - Failure to transmit bovine spongiform

encephalopathy to mice by feeding them with extraneural tissues of affected

cattle - The Veterinary Record 1993 May 29; 132(22): 545-7

 

ANBJ . Pattison,I.H.; Millson,G.C. - Distribution of the scrapie agent in the

Tissues of experimentally inoculated goats - Journal of Comparative Pathology

and Therapeutics 1962; 72: 233-44

 

ANBI . Pattison,I.H.; Millson,G.C. - Experimental transmission of scrapie to

goats and sheep by the oral route - Journal of Comparative Pathology 1961; 71:

171-6

 

AJZJ . Ridley,R.M.; Baker,H.F. - The myth of maternal transmission of spongiform

encephalopathy - British Medical Journal 1995 Oct 21; 311(7012): 1071-5 -

http://bmj.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/311/7012/1071

 

ANCL . Scientific Steering Committee - Safety of milk with regard to TSE: State

of affairs - http://europa.eu.int/comm/food/fs/sc/ssc/out175_en.html

 

SEA . SEAC - Public summary of meeting on 28 February 2001 -

http://www.defra.gov.uk/news/seac/seac101.htm

 

AKSU . Shaked,G.M.; Shaked,Y.; Kariv-Inbal,Z.; Halimi,M.; Avraham,I.; Gabizon,R.

- A protease-resistant prion protein isoform is present in urine of animals and

humans affected with prion diseases. - Journal of Biological Chemistry 2001 Aug

24; 276(34): 31479-82 - http://www.jbc.org/cgi/content/abstract/276/34/31479

 

ALJP . Tamai,Y.; Kojima,H.; Kitajima,R.; Taguchi,F.; Ohtani,Y.; Kawaguchi,T.;

Miura,S.; Sato,M.; Ishihara,Y. - Demonstration of the transmissible agent in

tissue from a pregnant woman with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease - New England

Journal of Medicine 1992 Aug 27; 327(9): 649

 

ALLU . Tateishi,J. - Transmission of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease from human blood

and urine into mice - Lancet 1985 Nov 9; 2(8463): 1074

 

ALMQ . Taylor,D.M.; Fernie,K.; Steele,P.J.; Somerville,R.A. - Relative

efficiency of transmitting bovine spongiform encephalopthy to RIII mice by the

oral route - The Veterinary Record 2001 Mar 17; 148: 345

 

ALNN . Taylor,D.M.; Ferguson,C.E.; Bostock,C.J.; Dawson,M. - Absence of disease

in mice receiving milk from cows with bovine spongiform encephalopathy - The

Veterinary Record 1995; 136(N23): 592

 

AMJF . Wells,G.A.H.; Hawkins,S.A.C.; Green,R.B.; Spencer,Y.I.; Dexter,I.;

Dawson,M. - Limited detection of sternal bone marrow infectivity in the clinical

phase of experimental bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) - The Veterinary

Record 1999 March 13; 144(11): 292-4

 

AMJG . Wells,G.A.H.; Hawkins,S.A.C.; Green,R.B.; Austin,A.R.; Dexter,I.;

Spencer,Y.I.; Chaplin,M.J.; Stack,M.J.; Dawson,M. - Preliminary observations on

the pathogenesis of experimental bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE): an

update - The Veterinary Record 1998 Jan 31; 142(5): 103-6

 

AMJJ . Wells,G.A.; Dawson,M.; Hawkins,S.A.; Green,R.B.; Dexter,I.; Francis,M.E.;

Simmons,M.M.; Austin,A.R.; Horigan,M.W. - Infectivity in the ileum of cattle

challenged orally with bovine spongiform encephalopathy - The Veterinary Record

1994 Jul 9; 135(2): 40-1

 

ANDA . Wijeratne,W.V.; Curnow,R.N. - A study of the inheritance of

susceptibility to bovine spongiform encephalopathy - The Veterinary Record 1990

Jan 6; 126(1): 5-8

 

AMMU . Wilesmith,J.W.; Wells,G.A.; Ryan,J.B.; Gavier-Widen,D.; Simmons,M.M. - A

cohort study to examine maternally-associated risk factors for bovine spongiform

encephalopathy - Veterinary Record 1997 Sep 6; 141(10): 239-43

 

AMMT Wilesmith,J.W.; Ryan,J.B. - Absence of BSE in the offspring of pedigree

suckler cows affected by BSE in Great Britain - Veterinary Record 1997 Sep 6;

141(10): 250-1

Acknowledgements

I am thanking Mrs Dr Schütt-Abraham for a stimulating discussion of my work and

the Agricultural Ministry in Nordrhein-Westfalen for a financial support.

 

 

 

 

karl theis jr

 

 

http://groups.msn.com/exposureofthetruth

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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