Lycopene's Anti-cancer Effect Linked To Other Tomato Components

[Guest guest]

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2003/11/031105064728.htm

 

Source:

University Of Illinois At Urbana-Champaign

 

Date:

2003-11-05

Lycopene's Anti-cancer Effect Linked To Other Tomato Components

CHAMPAIGN, Ill. -- New research suggests that lycopene -- a carotenoid in

tomatoes that has been linked to a lowered risk of prostate cancer -- does not

act alone. Scientists at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and Ohio

State University say that lycopene's punch is stronger in combination with other

phytochemicals in the fruit.

 

Lycopene is an antioxidant and the pigment that provides the red color of

tomatoes. Because of recent epidemiological studies suggestive of lycopene's

role against prostate cancer, the compound has made its way into dietary

supplements. These new findings, based on a comprehensive prostate-cancer

survival study done on rats, indicate that a combination of the bioactive

compounds may offer the best anti-cancer effect.

 

" It has been unclear whether lycopene itself is protective. This study suggests

that lycopene is one factor involved in reducing the risk of prostate cancer, "

said John Erdman Jr., a professor of food science and human nutrition and of

internal medicine at Illinois. " This also suggests that taking lycopene as a

dietary supplement is not as effective as eating whole tomatoes. We believe

people should consume whole tomato products -- in pastas, in salads, in tomato

juice and even on pizza. "

 

The study, which lasted 14 months, appears in the Nov. 5 Journal of the National

Cancer Institute. Researchers now suggest that the lycopene found in human

prostate tissue and the blood of animals and humans who remain disease free may

reflect heightened exposure not just to lycopene but also to other compounds

that may be working in synergy with it.

 

In the new study, researchers in Erdman's laboratory at Illinois randomly

assigned 194 male rats treated with a carcinogen to induce prostate cancer to

diets containing whole tomato powder, pure lycopene or a control.

 

Four weeks later, the rats were divided into two groups, with one having

unlimited access to food and the second consuming 80 percent of the first's

average daily intake. At the conclusion of the feeding portion of the study,

histological studies on all of the rats' tissues and blood were done at Ohio

State under the direction of Dr. Steven K. Clinton. Clinton earned a doctorate

in nutritional sciences from Illinois and a medical degree from the University

of Illinois College of Medicine.

 

Researchers found that the rats that had consumed the tomato powder had a 26

percent lower risk of prostate cancer death than control rats, after controlling

for diet restriction. The rats fed pure lycopene had a risk of prostate cancer

similar to control rats.

 

" Tomato powder consumption clearly extended the life and reduced the cancer in

this particular model, " Erdman said. " Lycopene was a little better than the

control group but not as good as the tomato powder group. "

 

In the end, prostate cancer had claimed the lives of 80 percent of the control

group, 72 percent of the lycopene-fed rats and 62 percent of the rats fed tomato

powder. Rats on the restricted diet had an even lower risk of developing

prostate cancer, independent of their diets. The researchers suggest that tomato

products and diet restriction may have independent additive benefits.

 

Other unpublished data in cell culture studies support the idea that lycopene's

role is enhanced in the presence of other phytochemicals in tomatoes, Erdman

said. His lab also is collaborating in studies finding that higher blood levels

of lycopene in human serum correlates to lower risks of prostate cancer,

especially in men over age 65. That work is part of an on-going, long-term study

of more than 51,500 male health professionals by the Harvard University School

of Public Health.

 

Erdman, who was elected to the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies

in October, Clinton and colleagues say that more work is needed to understand

the role of the various phytochemicals in tomatoes and to determine whether

there are additive or synergistic effects among the compounds.

 

" Our findings strongly suggest that risks of poor dietary habits cannot be

reversed simply by taking a pill, " Clinton, a professor of hematology and

oncology and of human nutrition, said in an Ohio State news release. " We

shouldn't expect easy solutions to complex problems. We must focus more on

choosing a variety of healthy foods, exercising and watching our weight. "

 

Animal-based studies, such as this one involving rats, Erdman said, expand on

the epidemiologic findings regarding reduced cancer risks and could pave the way

for human clinical trials using tomato products or extracts to protect against

the development of prostate cancer.

 

Other co-authors of the study were Thomas W.M. Boileau, who earned a doctorate

in nutritional sciences at Illinois and now is a researcher for the Iams Co. in

Lewisburg, Ohio, and research scientist Zhiming Liao, statistician Sunny Kim and

Stanley Lemeshow, a professor of public health and director of the Biostatistics

Program, all of Ohio State.

 

The research was supported by the U.S. Public Health Service, National Cancer

Institute, National Institutes of Health and the U.S. Department of Health and

Human Services.

 

 

 

This story has been adapted from a news release issued by University Of Illinois

At Urbana-Champaign.

 

 

 

 

 

NEW WEB MESSAGE BOARDS - JOIN HERE.

Alternative Medicine Message Boards.Info

http://alternative-medicine-message-boards.info

 

 

 

Protect your identity with Mail AddressGuard