Water, Water, Everywhere

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" Water, Water, Everywhere "

 

 

 

 

ISIS miniseries " Water, Water, Everywhere "

In 1992, the United Nations designated March 22 as " World Day for Water " .

 

Water is absolutely necessary for life, more so than food. But the world’s

available fresh water supply is fast dwindling. Even though there is abundant

water on the planet, less than half a percent of it is available for human uses.

 

Meanwhile, global water consumption is rising faster than population growth.

More than one billion people lack access to safe drinking water, 2.5 billion

lack access to proper sanitation; and more than 5 million die annually from

water-borne diseases. The United Nations projects that by 2025, two-thirds of

the world’s population will face water shortages or lack of clean water. The

World Bank’s vice- president predicts that within this century, wars will be

fought over water.

 

To deepen our appreciation of water, we present the latest findings on the

strangeness of water, how it supports life and health, and how it might enable

homeopathic remedies to work, even when diluted beyond the point where any

molecules of the dissolved substances are present. More remarkably, how ice

crystals may give us messages.

1. Molecules Clump on Dilution

A surprising discovery that molecules dissolved in water clump together when the

solution is diluted is said to explain homeopathy. Dr. Mae-Wan Ho explains why

the result flies in the face of conventional chemistry.

2. Homeopathy Enters the Mainstream

Homeopathy is entering the mainstream in the UK. Sam Burcher reports on some

recent findings that bear on a centuries-old controversy that still baffles

mainstream science.

3. The Strangeness of Water & Homeopathic ‘Memory’

Is there any reason for homeopathic remedies to work? Does the strangeness of

water hold the key? Dr. Mae-Wan Ho describes recent ideas on how the quantum

electrodynamic properties of water could provide the basis of homeopathic

‘memory’ and how one might investigate them.

4. Crystal Clear – Messages from Water

Could crystals of water be the answer to all our problems? Dr. Mae-Wan Ho

reviews the amazing work of Japanese water scientist.

 

 

1. Molecules Clump on Dilution

A surprising discovery that molecules dissolved in water clump together when the

solution is diluted is said to explain homeopathy. Dr. Mae-Wan Ho explains why

the result flies in the face of conventional chemistry.

 

Chemists from the Kwangju Institute of Science and Technology in South Korea

made news last year. Their surprising discovery that molecules dissolved in

water clump together was reported in the New Scientist and the popular media as

a possible explanation of why homeopathy works.

 

The obvious ‘explanation’ is that some dilute solutions may have more molecules

in it than expected, perhaps even at dilutions beyond the point at which any

molecule could be left in solution. But if some parts of a solution contain more

molecules than expected, other parts would contain less, so most of the time,

homeopathy should not work at all. And that, indeed, is the conventional wisdom

of the medical establishment.

 

The researchers themselves were surprised by the suggestion that their work had

any relevance to homeopathy. However, the finding itself has significance far

beyond its applicability to homeopathy.

 

The investigations started on a class of chemical substances known as

cyclodextrins (DC), which, when combined with non-polar molecules (molecules

without electrical charge, see " The strangeness of water " , this series), enable

the latter to dissolve in water. They make a complex of b-cyclodextrin with

[60]fullerene, more popularly known as Buckyball, or Buckminster fullerene, in

honour of architect/polymath Buckminster Fuller, who invented the shape as a

geodesic dome. These complexes were found to form clusters in water.

 

But then scientists found that a wide range of other substances such as salts

and polymers also form clusters in solution.

 

The new discovery made by the South Korean researchers is that cluster size

increased steadily with increasing dilution in water. In contrast, no clustering

of the molecules occurs in organic solvents. They found the same behaviour for

cyclodextrin-fullerene complex, b-cyclodextrin by itself, sodium chloride,

disodium guanosine monophosphate and a DNA oligonucleotide.

 

Using the technique of laser light scattering, it was possible to estimate the

size of b-cyclodextrin clusters. The diameter of the clusters increased from

0.55 mm at a starting concentration of 0.216 mM to 3.255 mm at 0.01mM. The

clusters were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy after the solutions were

dried.

 

Interestingly, when the starting concentration was 14.27mM and diluted down to

0.3524mM, cluster size increased from 0.393 mm to 3.12 mm. Thus, the size of the

clusters varied depending on the starting concentration.

 

In other words, " the solution history is an important factor in the growth

dynamics of the aggregates " . That was the really unexpected finding, and flies

in the face of conventional linear chemistry.

 

For sodium chloride, a starting solution of 5.5M diluted down to 0.785M gave an

increase in aggregate size from 1.491 to 4.95 mm. The results were similar in

all the other substances investigated. The increase in cluster size was

non-linear, slow at first, and rapid at higher dilutions.

 

The increase in cluster size was " almost instantaneous " , and remained stable at

least over the next three days.

 

Why do these clusters form? No one knows for sure, and certainly the importance

of solution history is impossible to accommodate within conventional, classical

chemistry. Could it be yet another manifestation of the " Strangeness of water " ?

(this series).

 

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