Meta Analysis of the Effects of Soy Protein Intake on Serum Lipids

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Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Soy Protein Intake on Serum Lipids

 

NE J MED 1995. Aug 3: 333(5):275-82

Anderson, JW, Johnstone, BM, Cook-Newell, ME

 

 

Background: In laboratory animals, the consumption of soy protein, rather than

animal protein, decreases serum cholesterol concentrations, but studies in

humans have been inconclusive. In this meta-analysis of 38 controlled clinical

trials, we examined the relation between soy protein consumption and serum lipid

concentrations in humans.

 

Methods: We used a random-effects model to quantify the average effects of soy

protein intake on serum lipids in the studies we examined and used hierarchical

mixed-effects regression models to predict variation as a function of the

characteristics of the studies.

 

Results: In most of the studies, the intake of energy, fat, saturated fat, and

cholesterol was similar when the subjects ingested control and soy-containing

diets; soy protein intake averaged 47 g per day. Ingestion of soy protein was

associated with the following net changes in serum lipid concentrations from the

concentrations reached with the control diet: total cholesterol, a decrease of

23.2 mg per deciliter (0.60 mmol per liter; 95 percent confidence interval, 13.5

to 32.9 mg per deciliter [0.35 to 0.85 mmol per liter]), or 9.3 percent;

low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, a decrease of 21.7 mg per deciliter

(0.56 mmol per liter; 95 percent confidence interval, 11.2 to 31.7 mg per

deciliter [0.30 to 0.82 mmol per liter]), or 12.9 percent; and triglycerides, a

decrease of 13.3 mg per deciliter (0.15 mmol per liter; 95 percent confidence

interval, 0.3 to 25.7 mg per deciliter [0.003 to 0.29 mmol per liter]), or 10.5

percent. The changes in serum cholesterol and LDL cholesterol concentrations

were directly related to the initial serum cholesterol concentration (P<0.001).

The ingestion of soy protein was associated with a nonsignificant 2.4 percent

increase in serum concentrations of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol.

Conclusions We found that the consumption of soy protein rather than animal

protein significantly decreased serum concentrations of total cholesterol, LDL

cholesterol, and triglycerides.

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