Open Letter From World Scientists Concerning GMOs

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Open Letter from World Scientists to All Governments Concerning Genetically

Modified Organisms (GMOs)

The scientists are extremely concerned about the hazards of GMOs to

biodiversity, food safety, human and animal health, and demand a moratorium on

environmental releases in accordance with the precautionary principle.

They are opposed to GM crops that will intensify corporate monopoly,

exacerbate inequality and prevent the essential shift to sustainable agriculture

that can provide food security and health around the world.

They call for a ban on patents of life-forms and living processes which

threaten food security, sanction biopiracy of indigenous knowledge and genetic

resources and violate basic human rights and dignity.

They want more support on research and development of non-corporate,

sustainable agriculture that can benefit family farmers all over the world.

 

Previous versions of this letter were submitted to many governments and

international forums including:

 

World Trade Organization Conference in Seattle (November 30 – Dec. 2, 1999)

UN Biosafety Protocol Meeting in Montreal (24 – 28, Jan. 2000)

UN Commission on Sustainable Development Conference on Sustainable

Agriculture in New York (April 24-May 5, 2000)

UN Convention on Biological Diversity Conference in Nairobi (May 16-24, 2000)

United States Congress (29 June, 2000)

 

Signed by 525 scientists from 65 different countries, including:

 

 

Dr. David Bellamy, Biologist and Broadcaster, London, UK

Prof. Liebe Cavalieri, Mathematical Ecologist, Univ. Minnesota, USA

Dr. Thomas S. Cox, Geneticist, US Dept. of Agriculture (retired), India

Dr. Tewolde Egziabher, Spokesperson for African Region, Ethiopia

Dr. David Ehrenfeld, Biologist/Ecologist, Rutgers University, USA

Dr. Vladimir Zajac, Oncovirologist, Genetisist, Cancer Reseach Inst, Czech

Republic

Dr. Brian Hursey, ex FAO Senior Officer for Vector Borne Diseases, UK

Prof. Ruth Hubbard, Geneticist, Harvard University, USA

Prof. Jonathan King, Molecular Biologist, MIT, Cambridge, USA

Prof. Gilles-Eric Seralini, Laboratoire de Biochimie & Moleculaire, Univ. Caen,

France

Dr. David Suzuki, Geneticist, David Suzuki Foundation, Univ. British Columbia,

Canada

Dr. Vandana Shiva, Theoretical Physicist and Ecologist, India

Dr. George Woodwell, Director, Woods Hole Research Center, USA

Prof. Oscar B. Zamora, Agronomist, U. Philippines, Los Banos, Philippines

add your name to the list!

 

 

1.9.2000

Open Letter from World Scientists to All GovernmentsSummary

We, the undersigned scientists, call for the immediate suspension of all

environmental releases of GM crops and products, both commercially and in open

field trials, for at least 5 years; for patents on living processes, organisms,

seeds, cell lines and genes to be revoked and banned; and for a comprehensive

public enquiry into the future of agriculture and food security for all.

 

Patents on life-forms and living processes should be banned because they

threaten food security, sanction biopiracy of indigenous knowledge and genetic

resources, violate basic human rights and dignity, compromise healthcare, impede

medical and scientific research and are against the welfare of animals.

 

GM crops offer no benefits to farmers or consumers. Instead, many problems have

been identified, including yield drag, increased herbicide use, erratic

performance, and poor economic returns to farmers. GM crops also intensify

corporate monopoly on food, which is driving family farmers to destitution, and

preventing the essential shift to sustainable agriculture that can guarantee

food security and health around the world

 

The hazards of GMOs to biodiversity and human and animal health are now

acknowledged by sources within the UK and US Governments. Particularly serious

consequences are associated with the potential for horizontal gene transfer.

These include the spread of antibiotic resistance marker genes that would render

infectious diseases untreatable, the generation of new viruses and bacteria that

cause diseases, and harmful mutations which may lead to cancer.

 

In the Cartegena Biosafety Protocol negotiated in Montreal in January 2000, more

than 130 governments have pledged to implement the precautionary principle and

to ensure that biosafety legislations at the national and international levels

take precedence over trade and financial agreements at the World Trade

Organization.

 

Successive studies have documented the productivity and the social and

environmental benefits of sustainable, low-input and organic farming in both

North and South. They offer the only practical way of restoring agricultural

land degraded by conventional agronomic practices, and empower small family

farmers to combat poverty and hunger.

 

We urge the US Congress to reject GM crops as both hazardous and contrary to the

interest of family farmers; and to support research and development of

sustainable agricultural methods that can truly benefit family farmers all over

the world.

 

We, the undersigned scientists, call for the immediate suspension of all

environmental releases of GM crops and products, both commercially and in open

field trials, for at least 5 years; for patents on living processes, organisms,

seeds, cell lines and genes to be revoked and banned; and for a comprehensive

public enquiry into the future of agriculture and food security for all.

 

1 Patents on life-forms and living processes should be banned because they

threaten food security, sanction biopiracy of indigenous knowledge and genetic

resources, violate basic human rights and dignity, compromise healthcare, impede

medical and scientific research and are against the welfare of animals(1).

Life-forms such as organisms, seeds, cell lines and genes are discoveries and

hence not patentable. Current GM techniques which exploit living processes are

unreliable, uncontrollable and unpredictable, and do not qualify as inventions.

Furthermore, those techniques are inherently unsafe, as are many GM organisms

and products.

 

2. It is becoming increasingly clear that current GM crops are neither needed

nor beneficial. They are a dangerous diversion preventing the essential shift to

sustainable agricultural practices that can provide food security and health

around the world.

 

3. Two simple characteristics account for the nearly 40 million hectares of GM

crops planted in 1999(2). The majority (71%) are tolerant to broad-spectrum

herbicides, with companies engineering plants to be tolerant to their own brand

of herbicide, while most of the rest are engineered with bt-toxins to kill

insect pests. A university-based survey of 8200 field trials of the most widely

grown GM crops, herbicide-tolerant soya beans - revealed that they yield 6.7%

less and required two to five times more herbicides than non-GM varieties(3).

This has been confirmed by a more recent study in the University of Nebraska(4).

Yet other problems have been identified: erratic performance, disease

susceptibility(5), fruit abortion(6) and poor economic returns to farmers(7).

 

4. According to the UN food programme, there is enough food to feed the world

one and a half times over. While world population has grown 90% in the past 40

years, the amount of food per capita has increased by 25%, yet one billion are

hungry(8). A new FAO report confirms that there will be enough or more than

enough food to meet global demands without taking into account any yield

improvementsthat might result from GM crops well into 2030 (9). It is on account

of increasing corporate monopoly operating under the globalised economy that the

poor are getting poorer and hungrier(10). Family farmers around the world have

been driven to destitution and suicide, and for the same reasons. Between 1993

and 1997 the number of mid-sized farms in the US dropped by 74,440(11), and

farmers are now receiving below the average cost of production for their

produce(12). The farming population in France and Germany fell by 50% since

1978(13). In the UK, 20 000 farming jobs were lost in the past year alone, and

the Prime Minister has announced a £200m aid package(14). Four corporations

control 85% of the world trade in cereals at the end of 1999(15). Mergers and

acquisitions are continuing.

 

5. The new patents on seeds intensify corporate monopoly by preventing farmers

from saving and replanting seeds, which is what most farmers still do in the

Third World. In order to protect their patents, corporations are continuing to

develop terminator technologies that genetic engineer harvested seeds not to

germinate, despite worldwide opposition from farmers and civil society at

large(16).

 

6. Christian Aid, a major charity working with the Third World, concluded that

GM crops will cause unemployment, exacerbate Third World debt, threaten

sustainable farming systems and damage the environment. It predicts famine for

the poorest countries(17). African Governments condemned Monsanto's claim that

GMOs are needed to feed the hungry of the world: " We..strongly object that the

image of the poor and hungry from our countries is being used by giant

multinational corporations to push a technology that is neither safe,

environmentally friendly, nor economically beneficial to us… we believe it will

destroy the diversity, the local knowledge and the sustainable agricultural

systems that our farmers have developed for millennia and …undermine our

capacity to feed ourselves.(18) " A message from the Peasant movement of the

Philippines to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)

of the industrialized countries stated, " The entry of GMOs will certainly

intensify landlessness, hunger and injustice.(19) "

 

7. A coalition of family farming groups in the US have issued a comprehensive

list of demands, including ban on ownership of all life-forms; suspension of

sales, environmental releases and further approvals of all GM crops and products

pending an independent, comprehensive assessment of the social, environmental,

health and economic impacts; and for corporations to be made liable for all

damages arising from GM crops and products to livestock, human beings and the

environment(20). They also demand a moratorium on all corporate mergers and

acquisitions, on farm closures, and an end to policies that serve big

agribusiness interests at the expense of family farmers, taxpayers and the

environment(21). They have mounted a lawsuit against Monsanto and nine other

corporations for monopolistic practices and for foisting GM crops on farmers

without adequate safety and environmental impact assessments(22).

 

8. Some of the hazards of GM crops are openly acknowledged by the UK and US

Governments. UK Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (MAFF) has admitted

that the transfer of GM crops and pollen beyond the planted fields is

unavoidable(23), and this has already resulted in herbicide-tolerant weeds(24).

An interim report on UK Government-sponsored field trials confirmed

hybridisation between adjacent plots of different herbicide tolerant GM oilseed

rape varieties, which gave rise to hybrids tolerant to multiple herbicides. In

addition, GM oilseed rape and their hybrids were found as volunteers in

subsequent wheat and barley crops, which had to be controlled by standard

herbicides(25). Bt-resistant insect pests have evolved in response to the

continuous presence of the toxins in GM plants throughout the growing season,

and the US Environment Protection Agency is recommending farmers to plant up to

40% non-GM crops in order to create refugia for non-resistant insect pests(26).

 

9. The threats to biodiversity from major GM crops already commercialized are

becoming increasingly clear. The broad-spectrum herbicides used with

herbicide-tolerant GM crops decimate wild plant species indiscriminately, they

are also toxic to animals. Glufosinate causes birth defects in mammals(27), and

glyphosate is linked to non-Hodgkin lymphoma(28). GM crops with bt-toxins kill

beneficial insects such as bees(29) and lacewings(30), and pollen from bt-corn

is found to be lethal to monarch butterflies(31) as well as swallowtails(32).

Bt-toxin is exuded from roots of bt-plants in the rhizosphere, where it rapidly

binds to soil particles and become protected from degradation. As the toxin is

present in an activated, non-selective form, both target and non-target species

in the soil will be affected(33), with knock on effects on species above ground.

 

10. Products resulting from genetically modified organisms can also be

hazardous. For example, a batch of tryptophan produced by GM microorganisms was

associated with at least 37 deaths and 1500 serious illnesses(34). Genetically

modified Bovine Growth Hormone, injected into cows in order to increase milk

yield, not only causes excessive suffering and illnesses for the cows but

increases IGF-1 in the milk, which is linked to breast and prostate cancers in

humans(35). It is vital for the public to be protected from all GM products, and

not only those containing transgenic DNA or protein. That is because the process

of genetic modification itself, at least in the form currently practised, is

inherently unsafe.

 

11. Secret memoranda of US Food and Drug Administration revealed that it ignored

the warnings of its own scientists that genetic engineering is a new departure

and introduces new risks. Furthermore, the first GM crop to be commercialized -

the Flavr Savr tomato - did not pass the required toxicological tests(36). Since

then, no comprehensive scientific safety testing had been done until Dr. Arpad

Pusztai and his collaborators in the UK raised serious concerns over the safety

of the GM potatoes they were testing. They conclude that a significant part of

the toxic effect may be due to the " [gene] construct or the genetic

transformation (or both) " used in making the GM plants(37).

 

12. The safety of GM foods was openly disputed by Professor Bevan Moseley,

molecular geneticist and current Chair of the Working Group on Novel Foods in

the European Union's Scientific Committee on Food(38). He drew attention to

unforseen effects inherent to the technology, emphasizing that the next

generation of GM foods - the so-called 'neutraceuticals' or 'functional foods',

such as vitamin A 'enriched' rice - will pose even greater health risks because

of the increased complexity of the gene constructs.

 

13. Genetic engineering introduces new genes and new combinations of genetic

material constructed in the laboratory into crops, livestock and

microorganisms(39). The artificial constructs are derived from the genetic

material of pathogenic viruses and other genetic parasites, as well as bacteria

and other organisms, and include genes coding for antibiotic resistance. The

constructs are designed to break down species barriers and to overcome

mechanisms that prevent foreign genetic material from inserting into genomes.

Most of them have never existed in nature in the course of billions of years of

evolution.

 

14. These constructs are introduced into cells by invasive methods that lead to

random insertion of the foreign genes into the genomes (the totality of all the

genetic material of a cell or organism). This gives rise to unpredictable,

random effects, including gross abnormalities in animals and unexpected toxins

and allergens in food crops.

 

15. One construct common to practically all GM crops already commercialized or

undergoing field trials involves a gene-switch (promoter) from the cauliflower

mosaic virus (CaMV) spliced next to the foreign gene (transgene) to make it

over-express continuously(40). This CaMV promoter is active in all plants, in

yeast, algae and E. coli. We recently discovered that it is even active in

amphibian egg(41) and human cell extract(42). It has a modular structure, and is

interchangeable, in part, or in whole with promoters of other viruses to give

infectious viruses. It also has a 'recombination hotspot' where it is prone to

break and join up with other genetic material(43).

 

16. For these and other reasons, transgenic DNA - the totality of artificial

constructs transferred into the GMO - may be more unstable and prone to transfer

again to unrelated species; potentially to all species interacting with the

GMO(44).

 

17. The instability of transgenic DNA in GM plants is well-known(45). GM genes

are often silenced, but loss of part or all of the transgenic DNA also occurs,

even during later generations of propagation(46). We are aware of no published

evidence for the long term stability of GM inserts in terms of structure or

location in the plant genome in any of the GM lines already commercialized or

undergoing field trials.

 

18. The potential hazards of horizontal transfer of GM genes include the spread

of antibiotic resistance genes to pathogens, the generation of new viruses and

bacteria that cause disease and mutations due to the random insertion of foreign

DNA, some of which may lead to cancer in mammalian cells(47). The ability of the

CaMV promoter to function in all species including human beings is particularly

relevant to the potential hazards of horizontal gene transfer.

 

19. The possibility for naked or free DNA to be taken up by mammalian cells is

explicitly mentioned in the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) draft guidance

to industry on antibiotic resistance marker genes(48). In commenting on the

FDA's document, the UK MAFF pointed out that transgenic DNA may be transferred

not just by ingestion, but by contact with plant dust and air-borne pollen

during farm work and food processing(49). This warning is all the more

significant with the recent report from Jena University in Germany that field

experiments indicated GM genes may have transferred via GM pollen to the

bacteria and yeasts in the gut of bee larvae(50).

 

20. Plant DNA is not readily degraded during most commercial food

processing(51). Procedures such as grinding and milling left grain DNA largely

intact, as did heat-treatment at 90deg.C. Plants placed in silage showed little

degradation of DNA, and a special UK MAFF report advises against using GM plants

or plant waste in animal feed.

 

21. The human mouth contains bacteria that have been shown to take up and

express naked DNA containing antibiotic resistance genes, and similar

transformable bacteria are present in the respiratory tracts(52).

 

22. Antibiotic resistance marker genes from GM plants have been found to

transfer horizontally to soil bacteria and fungi in the laboratory(53). Field

monitoring revealed that GM sugar beet DNA persisted in the soil for up to two

years after the GM crop was planted. And there is evidence suggesting that parts

of the transgenic DNA have transferred horizontally to bacteria in the soil(54).

 

23. Recent research in gene therapy and nucleic acid (both DNA and RNA) vaccines

leaves little doubt that naked/free nucleic acids can be taken up, and in some

cases, incorporated into the genome of all mammalian cells including those of

human beings. Adverse effects already observed include acute toxic shock,

delayed immunological reactions and autoimmune reactions(55).

 

24. The British Medical Association, in their interim report (published May,

1999), called for an indefinite moratorium on the releases of GMOs pending

further research on new allergies, the spread of antibiotic resistance genes and

the effects of transgenic DNA.

 

25. In the Cartegena Biosafety Protocol successfully negotiated in Montreal in

January, 2000, more than 130 governments have agreed to implement the

precautionary principle, and to ensure that biosafety legislations at the

national and international levels take precedence over trade and financial

agreements at the WTO. Similarly, delegates to the Codex Alimentarius Commission

Conference in Chiba Japan, March 2000, have agreed to prepare stringent

regulatory procedures for GM foods that include pre-market evaluation, long-term

monitoring for health impacts, tests for genetic stability, toxins, allergens

and other unintended effects(56). The Cartegena Biosafety Protocol has now been

signed by 68 Governments in Nairobi in May, 2000.

 

26. We urge all Governments to take proper account of the now substantial

scientific evidence of actual and suspected hazards arising from GM technology

and many of its products, and to impose an immediate moratorium on further

environmental releases, including open field trials, in accordance with the

precautionary principle as well as sound science.

 

27. Successive studies have documented the productivity and sustainability of

family farming in the Third World as well as in the North(57). Evidence from

both North and South indicates that small farms are more productive, more

efficient and contribute more to economic development than large farms. Small

farmers also tend to make better stewards of natural resources, conserving

biodiversity and safeguarding the sustainability of agricultural production(58).

Cuba responded to the economic crisis precipitated by the break up of the Soviet

Bloc in 1989 by converting from conventional large scale, high input monoculture

to small organic and semi-organic farming, thereby doubling food production with

half the previous input(59).

 

28. Agroecological approaches hold great promise for sustainable agriculture in

developing countries, in combining local farming knowledge and techniques

adjusted to local conditions with contemporary western scientific knowledge(60).

The yields have doubled and tripled and are still increasing. An estimated 12.5

million hectares worldwide are already successfully farmed in this way(61). It

is environmentally sound and affordable for small farmers. It recovers farming

land marginalized by conventional intensive agriculture. It offers the only

practical way of restoring agricultural land degraded by conventional agronomic

practices. Most of all, it empowers small family farmers to combat poverty and

hunger.

 

29. We urge all Governments to reject GM crops on grounds that they are both

hazardous and contrary to ecologically sustainable use of resources. Instead

they should support research and development of sustainable agricultural methods

that can truly benefit family farmers the world over.

 

 

 

[sort by surname][sort by country]

 

signed by

 

1 Prof. Polycap Dank B.Sc science polycap research institute Angola

2 Prof. Adolfo E. Boy Horticulture and Sustainable Agri. Univ. Moron Chair of

Inst. of Sustainble Agriculture Argentina

3 Alfredo Galli Agronomist Groupo de Reflexion Rural Argentina

4 Dr. Jorge Kaczewer M.D MD complementary medicines cientific journalism author

of the book in spanish language Transgenic Risks for Human Health ECOMEDICOS

Argentina

5 Jorge Eduardo Roulli Ecologist Groupo de Reflexion Rural Argentina

6 Damien Beaumont B.Sc Postgraduate student at the University of New England

Armidale Australia

7 Peter Belbin B.Sc Land Management Consultant Tafe Australia

8 Dr. Graeme E. Browne General Practitioner Melbourne PSRAST Australia

9 Dr. Judy A. Carman Epidemiologist Flanders University Adelaide Australia

10 Dr. Catherine Clinch-Jones General Practitioner Adelaide Australia

11 Dr. Philip A. Davies Geneticist Adelaide Australia

12 Prof. Horst W. Doelle Micobiologist Univ. Queensland retired Chair of

International Organisation for Biotechnology and Bioengineering Director

MIRCEN-Biotechnology Brisbance and Pacific Regional Network Australia

13 Dr. Lynette J. Dumble Medical Scientist Women's Health and Environment

University of Melbourne Australia

14 Doug N Everingham Physician MB BS Univ Syd 1946 Ex MPs Association Australia

15 Angela Fehringer Anthropology Student Sydney Australia

16 Prof. Frank G.H.P. Fisher Graduate School of Environmental Science Clayton

Australia

17 Kasia E. Gabrys Environmental Scientist Environmental Science National Trust

of Australia Melbourne Australia

18 Dr. Dion Giles Ph.D Analytical chemistry organic chemistry chemical education

Stop MAI (WA) Australia

19 Stephen Glanville PDC ECOS Design Australia

20 Dr. Veronica R. Griffin Consultant Nutrition and Environmental Medicine

Cairns Australia

21 Dr. Richard Hindmarsh Environmental Social Scientist Univ. Queensland

Australia

22 Margaret Jackson B.Sc. Genetics National Genetics Awareness Alliance

Australia

23 Steven Kiss B.Sc Biological/ Organic Farm Manager broad acre crops sheep

cattle medicinal herbs Australia

24 Lisa McDonald Agronomist CRC for Sustainable Sugar Production James Cook

University Australia

25 Dr. Peter J. McMachon Plant Physiologist Genethics Australia Conservation

Foundation Australia

26 Elham Monavari B.Sc Bsc Maj Biology Masters in Env. Managemment Student

Cities for Climate Protection Project Officer Australia

27 Dr. Paul Nelson CSIRO Land and Water PMB Australia

28 Dr. Sharron L. Pfueller Biochemistry/Environmental Studies School of

Geography and Environmental Sciene Monash University Melbourne Australia

29 Katrina E. Preski Environmental Science Monash University Melbourne Australia

30 Dr. Peter Renowden Strategic Planner Melbourne Australia

31 Sandra Russo Principal of College As a Homoeopath I lecture have a private

clinic and mentor students of Homoeopathy Adelaide Training College of

Complementary Medicin Australia

32 Frank Samson B.Sc R & D Project Manager (Physics) Sola International Holdings

Australia

33 Glenn Sorensen B.Sc Natural Products Chemist/Phytochemist Jurlique Australia

34 Dr. Rosemary Stanton Ph.D Nutritionist Australia

35 Dr. Maarten Stapper Ph.D Farming systems Australia

36 Dr Corinna-Britta Steeb Ph.D Pathophysiology Medical Sceinces Nutrition Klein

Research Institute Australia

37 Dr. Ted Steele Molecular Immunologist U. Wollengong Australia

38 DI Gertrude Kaffenbock Ph.D student Ph.D. candidate Agricultural Economist

St. Polton Austria

39 Thomas Klemm Psychologist Konrad Lorenz Institute Austria

40 Dr. Maria G. Neunteufel Economist Vienna Austria

41 Muhammed Saiful Islam M.Sc Entomologist DAE Bangladesh

42 Golam Kibria M.Phil EcologyCultureBiodiversity UBINIG Bangladesh

43 Zakir Kibria M.Phil Ecology Biodiversity Culture BanglaPraxis Bangladesh

44 Dr Farhad Mazhar Ecologist New Agricultural Movement Bangladesh

45 Dhirendra Panda Ph.D student MOBILISATION AND ACTIVISM the collective

Bangladesh

46 Dr. Gaeumltan du Bus de Warnaffe Forest Engineer Univ. Catholique de Louvain

Belgium

47 Els Torreele Ph.D student biotechnology Vrije Universiteit Brussels Belgium

48 Samuel MacDowell Ph.D Plant Molecular Biology IBAMA Brazil

49 Paulo Roberto Martins Research Institute of Technology Brazil

50 Renata Menasche Anthropologist Federal Un. of Rio Grande do Sul Brazil

51 Prof. Lu S C Sar Nunes B.Sc Education PCRJ Brazil

52 Ventura Eduardo Souza Barbeiro Engineer agronomist ABRAMA Brasilian

association of Enviroment Brazil

53 Dr. Stefan Panaiotov Ph.D molecular microbiology National Center of

Infectious and Parasitic Diseas Bulgaria

54 Dr Thomas R. Preston Un. of Tropical Agriculture Cambodia

55 Dr. Sandra Awang Ph.D Sociologist/Writer on biodiversity biodemocracy and

food security Canada

56 Dr Warren Bell MD Canad. Assoc. of Physicians for the Environ. Canada

57 Prof. emeritus Alfred M. Braxton Anthropologist Univ. British Columbia Canada

58 Denis Cauchon M.Sc. Ph.D. candidate Toxicology Ecole HEC Montreal Canada

59 Yoon C. Chen B.Sc. DPM Podiatrist Foot Clinic Lethbridge Alberta Canada

60 Bert R. Christie Plant Breeding Research Scientist Agriculture and AgriFood

Canada Charlotte Town Canada

61 Dr. E.Ann Clark Ph.D crop physiologist Plant Agriculture University of Guelph

Canada

62 Prof. Alain Cuerrier Taxonomy/Botany Quebec Univ. of Montreal Canada

63 Prof. Joe Cummins Geneticist University of Western Ontario Canada

64 Prof. Edwin E. Daniel FRSC Health Science McMaster Univ. Ontario Canada

65 Justin Duncan B.Sc Environmental biology law and policy Queen's University

Canada

66 Prof. Chavez Eduardo R Ph.D Animal nutrition production and mangement

agricultural production systems McGill University Canada

67 Virginia F. Flamarique AMD Consultant Agrologist Edmonton Canada

68 Dr. Imme Gerke Ph.D Cell biologist BIOTEPP Canada

69 Julie Guenette M.Phil Philosophical enquiry into our relationship to nature

Ottawa University Canada

70 Tanya Handa M.Sc. Ecologist Univ. Toronto Toronto Canada

71 Virginia Jacobsen organic growers Canada

72 Aaron Jette Anthrolopogy student McGill Univ. Montreal Canada

73 Prof. Leonard Kasdan Ph.D Social Anthropology and Resource and environmental

studies Dalhousie University (retired) Canada

74 Dr. Gavin A. Kemp ret. Researcher Vegetable Crop Breeding Lethbridge Canada

75 Prof. Ronald Labonte Population Health Research Director Ontario Canada

76 William J. Lewis Linguist Univ. of Victoria British Columbia Canada

77 Prof. Abby Lippman Epidemologist & Geneticist McGill Un. Canada

78 Prof. Ralph C. Martin Plant Science Nova Scotia Agricultural College Truro

Canada

79 Prof. Dennis R. McCalla Biochemist & Geneticist emeritus McMaster University

Hamilton Canada

80 Laura Mitchell Earth Scientist APEGBG Canada

81 Dr. Anne Morgan Waterloo Climate Change Entomolgist/ Univ. of (retired)

Canada

82 Dr. M. Murphy Pediatrician NAMBLA Canada

83 Dr. James A. Nero D.C. General Practitioner neuromusculoskeletal medicine

Coquitlam Canada

84 Anna D. Noikov B.A.B.Ed. B.A.B.Ed. Wholistic Practitioner Edmonton Canada

85 Prof. Ann Oaks Botany (retired) Univ. Guelph Canada

86 Steve Robak Canadian Department of National Defence Canada

87 Leslirae Rotor Economist consultant Ottawa Canada

88 Vere Scott ecologist Canada

89 Dr. John Scull Psychologist University of Victoria Victoria Canada

90 Dr. Carolyn A. Simmerman ND.DC Docotr. Whole Health Centre Edmonton Canada

91 Prof. David Suzuki David Suzuki Foundation Geneticist U.B.C. Canada

92 Prof. Stephen Talmage Philospher (retired) Carleton University Ottawa Canada

93 Mark Thompson Ph.D student Molecular Evolutionary Genetics The University of

Calgary Canada

94 Noemi Tousignant M.Sc history of science technology and medicine Canada

95 Caroll Tranchant Ph.D Enseignant chercheur Sciences et technologies des

aliments Canada

96 Dr. Pierre Turcotte Ph.D Plant breeder Canada

97 John B. Van Loon M.Sc. Storage Entomologist retired Canadian Grain Commission

Winnipeg PSRAST Canada

98 Prof. R.M. Wolfson Physicist Maharishi Vedic College Ottawa Canada

99 Dr. John C. Worketin Retired computer scientist Ontario Canada

100 Tea Garcia-Huidobro M.Sc Biochemistry (B.Sc) and Environmental Technology

(M.Sc) Chile

101 Dr. Alexander Jablanczy General Practitioner Doctor’s Building Saulte Ste.

Marie China

102 Dr. Jesse LiLing M.D Bioinformation Tsinghua University China

103 Elias Gomez Ph. D. student Dept. of Geology University of Cornell Colombia

104 Damjan Bogdanovic Ph. D. student Un Zagreb Croatia

105 Prof. Marijan Jost Plant Geneticist Agricultural College Krizevci Croatia

106 Damir Magdic Food Scientist Osijek Un Croatia

107 Dr. Zora Matrovic MD MD MS Vice-President Croatia Natural Law Party Croatia

108 Vesna Samobor M.Sc. Agricultural College Krizevci Croatia

109 Prof. Drasko Seman Ecologist Univ. Zagreb Medical School Croatian Man and

Biosphere Committee UNESCO South Eastern Mediterranean Sea Project UNESCO Comm.

Ed. & Communication INCN European Committee on Environmental Ed. IUCN Croatia

110 Prof Anton Svajger Un Zagreb Medical School Croatia

111 Prof. Valerije Vrcek Ph.D organic chemistry University of Zagreb Croatia

112 Dr. Vladimir Zajac Ph.D oncovirology genetics microbiology Cancer Research

Institute Czechoslovakia

113 Henrik Westergaard Odense University Hospital Odense Denmark

114 Alexandra Almeida biochemist Accion Ecologica Ecuador

115 Dr. Elizabeth Bravo biologist Accion Ecologica Ecuador

116 Mahrous Kandil Ph.D student soil microbiology and concerning with Genetics

Univ. of Minnesota (USA) Egypt

117 Dr. Gennadi Kobzar Senior Scientist Biomedicine Institute of Chemistry

Tallinn Technical Univ. Estonia

118 Sue Edwards M.Sc botanist and scientific editor lover of all life forms

Institute for Sustainable Development Ethiopia

119 Dr. Tewolde Egziabher Agronomist Min. of the Environment Spokesperson for

African Region Ethiopia

120 Sylvain Allombert M.Sc. Ph.D. Student Ecology Centre National de la

Recherche Scientificque Monpellier PSRAST France

121 Dr. Thierry Baussant Biochemist Senior Scientist Pharmaceutical Industry

Bellegard France

122 Dr. Jean-Pierre Berlan Directeur de Recherches INR/CTESI France

123 Dr. Luc G. Bulot Researcher ESA CNRS 6019- Centre de Sedimentologie-

Paleontologie Marseille PSRAST France

124 Dr. George Capouthier Biologist Univ. Paris France

125 Dr. Marie Christine BRGM Environment & Procedes Unite Biotechnologie Orlean

France

126 Olga Daric M.Phil linguistics France

127 Bertrand desClers M.Sc Scientific

research/Aeronautics/Conservation/Environment IGF France

128 Dr. Jean Estrangin MK General Practice Grenoble France

129 Alain Fardif Certificat of therapist Paris France

130 PRAT Frederic B.Sc Information about GMO Geyser France

131 Dr. Arthur MacKenzie Ph.D physical chemistry France

132 Dr. Herve Le Meur Biomathematician Univ. Paris France

133 Dr. Vic Norris IFR Systems Integres Univ. Rouen France

134 Dr. Jean-Michel Panoff Microbiologist Univ. of Caen Caen France

135 Dr. J. Pelt Institut Europeen d'Ecologie France

136 Thierry Raffin Sociologue President de ‘Inf’OGM France

137 Prof. Gilles-Eric Seralini Laboratoire de Biochimie & Moleculaire Univ. Caen

France

138 Dr. Jean Staune Ph.D Post Darwinian Evolutionist Interdisciplinary

University Paris France

139 Dr. Christophe Vieren Ph.D Automatique Universit des Sciences et

Techonlogies de Lille France

140 Hudson Angeyo Ph.D student Physics: Analytical atomic spectroscopy and

nuclear techniques in analysis University of Duisburg Germany

141 Dr. Jurgen Boxberger Ph.D Cell and tissue culture ProCellula Germany

142 Dr. Elisabeth Bcking Ph.D Biologist Germany

143 Dr. Reinald Doebel Institute of Sociology Rural and Development Soc.

Westfaelische Wilhelms Univ. Germany

144 Dr. Tarek Elsherif Molecular Biologist TU Munich Germany

145 Dr. Anita Idel Author and Zoologist Op’n Dorp 17 Barsbek Germany

146 Dr. Martha Martens Biologist Bund Naturschutz in Bayern e. V. Munich Germany

147 Dr. Werner Mittelstaedt President Future Research/Peace Studies Gelsenkir

Germany

148 Dr. Jennifer Schmid Ph.D Plant Ecology; Plant Population Genetic OEko

Institut e.V.; Institute for Applied Ecology Germany

149 Dr. Eckart Stein Physicist Univ. Regensburg Germany

150 Dr. Beatrix Tappeser Head of Dept. Risk analysis of genetic engineering

Institute for Applied Ecology Freiburg Germany

151 Dr. Stefan Thiesen Ph.D Astronomer and Geographer author of several popular

science books one on climate change one on the perils of Biotech German

Genterror und Lebenspatente independent Germany

152 Dr. Rebecca C. Wade Molecular Biology Heidelberg Germany

153 Dr. Christine von Weisaeker Ecoropa Germany

154 Prince K.N Nkrumah B.Sc Biochemist Development and Advocacy Foundation Ghana

155 Dr. Maria Caparis Marine Biologist Greece

156 Dr. Costas Giannakenas Consultant Nuclear Medicine Univ. Patras Medical

School Rion-Patras Greece

157 Prof. Tasos Kourakis B.Sc Geneticist Dept. General Biology & Genetics

Medical Faculty Aristotelian University Thessaloni Greece

158 Harry Papageorgiou M.Sc Agricultural Sciences Environmental Impact

Assessment Greece

159 Anna Gigli statistical modelling for medicine and biology national research

council Greenland

160 Dr Christiane Boecker MCommH MCommH Community Health Haiti

161 Kevin Li B.Sc. Hong Kong

162 Prof. Ervin Laszlo President The Club of Budapest Hungary

163 Dr. Nikki Broglowskhini Ph.D I am well equipped with all things

scientifical. The society for science Iceland

164 Dr. Muhua Achary Environmentalist St. Joseph's College Bangalore India

165 Prof. Jayapaul Azariah Ecology Environmental Ethics Head of Dept.of Zoology

and Director of School of Life Sciences Univ. Madras Chennai India

166 candice coates B.Sc Life Sciences and Biotechnology University of Mumbai

India

167 Dr. Thomas S. Cox Research Geneticist U.S. Dept. of Agriculture Manhattan KS

(retired) - present address Hyderabad India

168 Dr. Sudhir Kaura Ph.D Organic Farming Molecular Genetics Natural Farming

Network India

169 Dr. Nelson Kochappavu Ph.D Natural Health Rural health India

170 Prof Rayana Bhavan Kovutarapu M.Sc AgricultureNatural Resorces biotech

agroeconomy and management withadministration (IAMMA) India

171 C. Nanjunda Murthy M.Sc. Plant Scientist Karnataka India

172 Satheesh P M.Sc Grassroots work on food security and organic agriculture in

dryland areas and gender Deccan Development Society India

173 Dr. N. Raghauram Plant Molecular Biology Univ. Mumbai India

174 Sharad Shah Director of Ace natural foods Vadodara India

175 Devinder Sharma Geneticist Plant Breeder and Writer Forum for Biotechnology

and Food Security New Delhi India

176 Dr. Vandana Shiva Research Institute for Science and Ecology India

177 Dr. R.P. Upadhyay Ph.D Lecturer in Physics India

178 Prof.em Durga Bhushaiah Vakkapatla M.Sc VIRAL RNA can be expressed in

cytosol on HIV infected T cells university of hyderabd India

179 Erwin Adriawan B.Sc Campaigner on Anti GMOs Biotani Foundation Indonesia

180 Dr. Ernawati Gender and Rural Development Institute of Rural Development

Indonesia

181 Prof. Rita Alicchio Plant Geneticist Univ. Bologna Italy

182 Dr. Andrea Amadei Molecular Biophysics Assistant professor Un. of Rome Tor

Vergata Italy

183 Prof. Drago Antonino B.Sc History of Physics Bioethics Scientific Committe

of Inter Univ. Center on Bioet Italy

184 Prof. Livia Armandi Ph.D Agronomist Italy

185 Dr. Ciro Aurigemma Ph.D psicologist member of csa CEU/IPV Italy

186 Dr. Giampiero Barbieri Ph.D Chemists GMO analysis laboratory Stazione

Sperimentale Industrie Conserve Alimentar Italy

187 Dr. Giovanni G Bazzocchi Ph.D Entomologist Agroecologist Universita di

Bologna Italy

188 Dr. Stefania Biondi M.Sc Plant Physiologist University of Bologna Dept. of

Biology Italy

189 Dr. Ernesto Burgio pediatrician attac Italy

190 Dr. Tiziana Camorani psicologa private Italy

191 Paola Capozzi plant and soil ecology Italy

192 Dr. Ferdinando Cerbone psicologo Italy

193 Dr Giorgio Cingolani Agricultural Economist Italy

194 Dr. Alberto Clarizia M.Sc Physicist University of Naples Italy

195 Dr. raffaella comito B.Sc General Practitioner holistic medicine Italy

196 Dr. Immacolata Coraggio Ph.D Plant Molecular Biologist Counseil National

Research Italy

197 Dr. Bruno D'Udine Behaviour Ecologist University of Udine Italy

198 Dr. Simone De Ph.D Mathematics Combinatorics National Council of Research

Italy

199 Prof. Adriano Decarli Cancer Epidermiology INST Univ. Milan Italy

200 Prof. Stefano Dumontet M.Sc soil microbiologist Universit. Basilicata Italy

201 Dr. Sergio Francardo B.Sc Anthroposofical medical doctor Gruppo Medico

Antroposofico Italiano Italy

202 Elena Del Grosso Geneticist Researcher Deptl Evolutionary & Exptl. Biology

Univ. Bologna Bologna Italy

203 Dr. Nicolas Kropacek M.D Public Health Free Lance Researcher Italy

204 Dr. Agostino Letardi M.Sc ecotoxicologist E.N.E.A. Italy

205 Dr. Paolo Manzelli M.Phil Research in Education on Biochemistry LRE EGO

CreaNET University of Florence Italy Italy

206 Dr. Bussolati Mariella M.Sc science writer Italy

207 Dr. Karin Munck B.Sc comunication & science Fondazione Medikinale

International Parma Italy

208 Prof. Valeria NEGRI Ph.D geneticist teaches 'Agricultural Genetic Resources'

University of Perugia Italy

209 Prof. Francesco Palmirotta Ph.D psycho somatic clinicssocial work AOP Italy

210 Dr. Francesca Salvemini Ph.D Biologist Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche

Italy

211 Prof. Leopoldo Silvestroni Endocrinologist Univ. of Rome Italy

212 Roberto Stefani Ph.D student Student of Political Science writing final

thesis on GMOs Greenpeace Italia Italy

213 Prof. emeritus Shingo Shibata Hiroshima University; Environmental Sociology

and Biosafety Tokyo Japan

214 Prof. Atuhiro Sibatani Molecular Biologist Osaka Japan

215 Dr Shiron Sugita Plant Geneticist Nagoya U. Japan

216 Dr Noboru Yagishita Plant Geneticist Jap. Assoc. Agro-Nature Tokyo Japan

217 Dr Machiko Yasukohchi PLAN - International Japan Public Relations Team Japan

218 Dr. Georges Mailliet B.Sc Pulmonologist Luxembourg

219 Dr. Rosli Omar Ph.D Arificial Intelligence Universiti Malaya Malaysia

220 Prof. Alberto R. Miranda Biologist Environmental Public Education Cuernavaca

Mexico

221 Rodriguez Mitchell Nemesio Anthropologist PNUD INI Mexico

222 Dr. Ronald Nigh Ph.D anthropology specialty in agroecology biodiversity

environment; member of SNI CIESAS Mexico

223 Dr. Enrique Vargas Ph.D Molecualr Immunology Universidad Veracruzana Grupo L

dico Mexico

224 Dr. Ilya Trombitsky Ph.D BIOTICA Ecological Society Moldova

225 Dr. Robert Anderson Physicist Nuclear Medicine Technical Institute Hamilton

New Zealand

226 David Baillie B.Sc Deep Ecologist Naturopath NZ Forest Gardening Research

Harmony Farmof Harmony Farm New Zealand

227 Dr. Troy Baisden Ph.D Ecosystem Science (Soil Science/Ecology) Landcare

Research New Zealand

228 Marie Buchler M.Sc Zoology masters editor and journalist and university

tutor Bio Dynamic Farming and Gardening Association New Zealand

229 Dr. George Coghill Software Engineering University of Auckland New Zealand

230 Dr. Bernard Conlon B.Sc Rural GP New Zealand

231 Dr. Tim Ewer Physician Mapua Health Centre Nelson New Zealand

232 Dr. Michael Godfrey Environmental Toxicologist General Practitioner Taura

New Zealand

233 Sigrid D. Houlette B.Sc. B.Sc. Solid Waste Manager Environmental Engineering

Local Government Lower Hutt New Zealand

234 Jessica Hutchings Ph.D student Maori environmentalist Maori science and

resource management Lecturer Faculty of Science Victoria University New Zealand

235 Dr. Peter King Ph.D Sociologist Family Centre Social Policy Research Unit

New Zealand

236 Dr. Nick Lambrechten Consultant Revegetation Ecologist Wellington New

Zealand

237 Dr. Shona L. Lamoureaux Plant Ecology Christchurch New Zealand

238 Helmut Lubbers M.Sc ecologist ecology discovery foundation new zealand New

Zealand

239 Dr Robert Mann Ecologist Auckland New Zealand

240 Robin W. Ord Molecular Geneticist Law Student Hamilton New Zealand

241 Dr Colin Wells Director of Energy Management Dept of Physics University of

Otago New Zealand

242 Dr Peter R Wills Theoretical Biology Univ. Auckland New Zealand

243 Dr. Ralph Nwaokoro Ph.D ECOTOXICOLOGIST UNIVERSITY OF LAGOS Nigeria

244 Dr. Azeez Bolaji Odewenu M.Sc National association of science students

Nigeria

245 Dr Ingrid Olesen Senior Research Scientist Institute of Aquaculture Res. Ltd

Norway

246 Dr. Lars Rasmussen MD MD General Practitioner Univ. Oslo Mesnali Norway

247 Prof. Terje Traavik Virologist University of Tromso Norway

248 Dr. Tasneem Rizvi Ph.D Molecular Biophysics. PCSIR Laboratories Complex

Lahore PAKISTAN. Pakistan

249 Ethel Japeth B.Sc none police Savings & Loan Papua New Guinea

250 Dr. Sergio Barrio Tarnawiecki Science Policy National Research Council of

Lima Peru

251 Johnny Danganan B.Sc lay out artist in publications Sustainable Agriculture

advocate Philippines

252 Dr. Pamela G. Fernadez Agronomist U. Philippines Los Banos Philippines

253 Ben Malayang University of Philippines Los Banos Laguna Philippines

254 Charles T. Olsen D.C. Chiropractic Clinic Davao Clinic PSRAST Philippines

255 Nicanor Perlas B.Sc Agricultural Scientist and Ecologist Sustainable

Agriculture Specialist Center for Alternative Development Initiatives

Philippines

256 Dr. Romeo F. Quijano Pesticide Action Network Pharmacologist/Toxiologist

Philippines

257 Prof. Oscar B. Zamora Agronomist U. Philippines Los Banos Philippines

258 Teresa Silva Ph.D student Coconut Portugal

259 Dr. Margarida Silva Molecular Biologist Portuguese Catholic Univ. Portugal

260 Dr. Franciso J.C.M. Teixeira Researcher Geophysics Geological and Mining

Institute Lisbon Portugal

261 Fatima C. Teixeira Researcher Marine Geology Lisbon Portugal

262 Carlos Altieri M.Sc Toxicity and pesticides in water Health Environmental

Department Puerto Rico Puerto Rico

263 Nelson Alvarez JD Sociologist and Lawyer Agriculture and development

consultant Puerto Rico

264 Dr. Clara Carrasco Ph.D Molecular Biology and Genetics Puerto Rico

265 Dr. Shridhar Devidas Ph.D Basically an Ecologist turned environmental

management system specialist advocating sustainable resource use among the

industires Bureau Veritas Qatar

266 Dr. Joseph Mezei M.D quantum medicine Medical Center Tongtian Romania

267 Peter Sevich Ph.D student Serbia

268 Glenn Ashton Director Ekogaia Foundation and Green Party South Africa

269 Dr. Brigitte N.B. Schwabe-Berg Medical Officer Groote Schuur Hospital Cape

Town South Africa

270 Nicole Venter The Southern Health Ecology Institute SHAE Institute South

Africa

271 Dr. SangSoo Hur Ph.D Lecturer Sociology of Science and Technology

Sungkonghoe University South Korea

272 Prof. Suk Hwan Kim Ph.D Sociology of Science and Technology Kookmin

University South korea

273 Dr Gregorio Alvar Biotechnologist. Computense U. Madrid Spain

274 Javier Blasco Aragonese Ctr for Rural European Information Spain

275 Prof. F. Pura Duart-Soler Sociology Univ. Valencia PSRAST Spain

276 Prof. Ernest Garcia Ph. D. Ph. D. Sociology Univ. Valencia Dept. Sociologia

I Antropologia Social Valencia Spain

277 Dr. Pablo Malo Psychiatrist Consultant Mental Health Center Bilbao Spain

278 Dr. Jagath Perera B.Eng electrical engineering uom SriLanka Sri Lanka

279 Dr. Isameldeen Khair Ph.D Education and training Sennar University Sudan

280 Dr. Bo Dahlin Education Science Karlsbad University Karlsbad Sweden

281 Folke G Nther Ph.D student Sustainability issues and Ecological Engineering

Systems Ecology Sweden

282 Prof. Every N. Gummesson Management Stockholm Univ. PSRAST Sweden

283 Folke Gunther Ph.D student Sustainability issues and Ecological Engineering

Systems Ecology Sweden

284 Said O. Holmin Lic. Technology Rector Computer Science College of Creative

Computer Science Stockholm Sweden

285 Dr. Katarina Leppanen History of Ideas Gothenburg Uni Sweden

286 Dr. Jaan Suurkula Physician Physicians and Scientists for Responsible

Assessment of Science and Technology Stockholm Sweden

287 Dr. Daniel Amman Cell Biologist Tech. Switzerland

288 Dr. Ruth Goseth Dermatologist ISDE Switzerland

289 Florianne Koechlin Biologist World Wildlife Fund Switzerland

290 Yvan Maillard dipl. Sc. Nat. ETH Environementalist Ecology Fribourg PSRAST

Switzerland

291 Yves Schatzle Agronomist and Economist Switzerland

292 Verena Soldati Biotechnologist Basler Appell Switzerland

293 Mwanaidi Kafuye M.Sc HOLDER IN BIOCHEMISTRY NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR MEDICAL

RESEARCH Tanzania

294 Danial Minja B.Sc PARASITOLOGY & MICROBIOLOGY NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR MEDICAL

RESEARCH. Tanzania

295 Acleus Rutta M.Sc Immunologist National Institute For Medical Research

Tanzania

296 Dr. Peter Burt Ph.D Water Quality Management Prince of Songkla university

Thailand

297 Prof. Omboom Luanratana Pharmacologist Univ. of Mahedol Bangkok Thailand

298 Piengporn Panutampon biology/medical biology Biothai (Thai Network on

Community & Biodiversity) Thailand

299 Prof. Reungchai Tansakul Ph.D Biologist Prince of Songkla University

Thailand

300 Lianchamroon Witoon Sustainable agriculture Biothai Thailand

301 Jaroen Compeerapap Environmental Law and Development Center The Netherlands

302 Prof. KANYANDAGO Peter Ph.D Expert and researcher in endogenous knowledge

and African cultures Uganda Martyrs University Uganda

303 Dr. Michael L. Abrahams (retired) Aeronautics Bristol PSRAST UK

304 Chris Anthony B.Sc Qualified amateur UK

305 Janey Antoniou M.Sc Molecular Biologist UK

306 Dr. Michael Antoniou Molecular Geneticist Guy's Hospital UK

307 Paula F. Baillie-Hamilton Academic Researcher on Pesticides Perthshire UK

308 Dr. Susan Bardocz Geneticist Aberdeen UK

309 Dr. Jeremy Bartlett Plant Molecular Geneticist (formerly John Innes

Institute) UK

310 Manoel Bascoi Geneticist PhD Candidate JII UK

311 Dr. David Beasley Genetic Algorithm University of Bath UK

312 Dr. David Bellamy Biologist and Broadcaster London UK

313 Lynda Birke Biologist Liverpool Uni. Veterinary School UK

314 Dr. David A.H. Birley General Medical Practitioner Swindon UK

315 Sarah Blenkinsop B.Sc Environmental Consultant/Campaigner/Organic grower

Planet Services Environmental Consultancy UK

316 Gerard C. Bodeker Ed. D. Senior Clinical Lecturer in Public Health Univ.

Oxford Medical School UK

317 Dr. Jeffrey Boss Cell Biologist Dept. of Physiology Bristol University UK

318 Sophie H. Bown Ph.D. Candidate Zoology Manchester Univ. UK

319 Paul Breslaw Computer Scientist Consultant Financial Research Forest Row UK

320 Dr. Allan Britton Ph.D Environmental Health and Safety UK

321 Prof. Roy Butterfield DSc.DIC CEng. MICE MIStruct.E. Civil Engineer

Southampton UK

322 Dr. Alessandra Cavalletti Ph.D Research Associate Imperial College STM UK

323 Emma Churchman B.Sc Social Scientist UK

324 Dr. Janet Cotter-Howells Environmental Geochemist Lecturer in Soil Science

Aberdeen University UK

325 Dr. Stephen Cross Molecular Population Geneticist Birmingham University UK

326 Dr. Alan Currier Taxonomist IRBV UK

327 Gordon Daly Ph. D. student Gene Therapist Kennedy Inst. London UK

328 Stuart Daly Ph. D. student Transgenic group Charing Cross Hosp. UK

329 Dr. Yuliya Demydchuk Ph.D Molecular biology of producers of antibiotics

Cambridge university UK

330 Dr. Mike Dodd Ecologist Open University UK

331 Prof. Jane Eberlynne M.Sc enviromental studdies conscerning health erzats

peace co. UK

332 Joseph A. Gari Marie Curie Research Fellow Political Ecology University of

Oxford UK

333 Dr. Mike Gillman Ecologist Open University UK

334 Dr. Alassandro Gimona Research Scientist Ecology MLURI Aberdeen UK

335 Edward Goldsmith Editor The Ecologist London UK

336 Zac Goldsmith Editor The Ecologist London UK

337 Prof. Brian Goodwin Biologist Schumacher College UK

338 Lale Gurel Bec. Manager Nature – Macmillan Publishers London UK

339 Adrian Haffegee B.Eng B.Eng Electronic Engineer UK

340 Julian Haffegee M.phil Biophysicist Institute of Science in Society UK

341 Dr. Keith H. Halfacree Univ. Lecturer Geography Univ. of Wales Swansea UK

342 Dr. John E. Hammond Engineer Highfield UK

343 Dr. David J Heaf Biochemist Wales UK

344 Dr. Marion Hersch Assistive Electonic Technologies Dept. Electronics &

Electrical Engineering Univ. Glasgow Glasgow Scotland UK

345 Dr. Mae-Wan Ho Geneticist and Biophysicist Open University UK

346 Dr. Caroline Hoffmann Ph.D Ecotoxicologist Centre for Human Ecology UK

347 Patrick Holden Director Soil Association UK

348 Dr. Vyvyan Howard Toxipathologist U. Liverpool UK

349 G. D. Humphreys M.Sc technologist aerodynamics UK

350 Gerald Humphreys B.Sc Aerodynamics Operational Research Information

Technology Hemel hempstead GM action group UK

351 Dr. Brian Hursey ex FAO Senior Officer for Vector Borne Diseases Neath UK

352 Prof. Tim Ingold Anthropologist University of Aberdeen UK

353 Lorna Jackson M.Sc Ecology soil science HDRA the organic organisation UK

354 Magnus L. Johnson School of Science & Management U.C. Scarborough UK

355 Peter Preston Jones MSc Environomental Campaigner UK

356 Dani Kaye M.Sc. Scientists for Global Responsibility London UK

357 David Kaye M.Sc. Scientists for Global Responsibility London UK

358 Dr J. M. Kerr Bioethics Winchester College: Oxford U. UK

359 Dr. Philip Kilner Cardiac Imaging Specialist Royal Brompton Hospital UK

360 Prof. Richard Lacey Microbiologist Leeds UK

361 Dr. Jonathan R. Latham Molecular Virologist previously JII and Genetics

Dept. Wisconsin-Madison Univ. Exeter UK

362 Dr. Colin L.A. Leakey Plant Geneticist Cambridge UK

363 Chris Lucas MIMIS Complexity Scientist CALResCo UK

364 Dr. Joan Mason Chemist Cambridge UK

365 Dr. Alan Mayne Statistician Scientists for Global Responsibility London UK

366 Darl N. Middleton Ph. D. student Environ. Science Dept. Civil Engineering

Univ. Manchester UK

367 Dr. Erik Millstone Science & Techology Policy Research Sussex Univ. Brighton

UK

368 Patrick Mulvany C Biol Food Security Policy Adviser specialising in

Agricultural Biodiversity Intermediate Technology Development Group (ITDG) UK

369 Dr. Harash Narang Pathologist BSE expert UK

370 Dr. Eva Novotny Astrophysicist Univ. Cambridge (retired) UK

371 Dr. David Packham Material Scientist U. Bath UK

372 Nicholas Papadimitriou M.Sc conservation and eco philosophy Institute of

science in society UK

373 Dr. Barnaby Peacocke Ph.D Agricultural Science International Development

ITDG UK

374 Fatima Pelica Biochemist PhD Candidate JII UK

375 Marcus Petz B.Sc Biology/Geology Environmental Politics UK

376 George Pilkington M.Sc Countryside management UK

377 Dr. Michel Pimbert Agricultural Ecologist International Institute for

Environment and Development London UK

378 Dr. Robert C. Poller Organic Chemist U. London UK

379 Dr. Ronald Press Ph.D Chemical engineer UK

380 Bala Puspa UK

381 Prof. Arpad Pusztai Biochemist Formerly from Rowett Institute UK

382 Dr. Jerry Ravetz Philosopher of Science London UK

383 Dr. Irene Ridge Biologist Open University UK

384 Dr. Barry T. Rubin Physical/Electro Chemist Director Davis-Rubin Associates

Ltd Northhants UK

385 Dr. Barry T Rubin Ph.D Physical Electro Chemistry Business Consultant CD DVD

Replication for Business Davis Rubin Associates Ltd UK

386 Angela Ryan Molecular biologist Open Univ. UK

387 Dr. Jean A.D. Saunders BDS BDS LDS RCS Dental Surgeon (retired) Faringdon UK

388 Prof. Peter Saunders Biomathematician U. London UK

389 Dr. Wendy Seel Ph.D Plant Sciences University of Aberdeen UK

390 Martin Shaw Geneticist UK

391 Dr. Peter Sollich Theoretical Physics Dept. Mathematics King’s College

London UK

392 Vanessa Spedding M.Phil science and science policy journalism None UK

393 Dr. Gesa Staats.de.Yanes Veterinarian Toxicologists U. Liverpool UK

394 Prof. Ian Stewart Biomathematics U. Warwick UK

395 Dr. Gene S. Thomas Agriculturist UK

396 Simone Turchetti Ph.D student History of Science Technology and Medicine

CHSTM UK

397 Dr. Margaret J. Tyson Glossop PSRAST UK

398 Dr Tom Wakeford Biologist U. of East London UK

399 Martyn Wells Astronomer UK Astronomy Technology Centre Edinburg UK

400 Barbara Wood-Kaczmar M.Sc. Science writer UK

401 Julian Wootton Conservationist London UK

402 Dr. Karen Wren University teacher Geography St. Andrews Univ. St. Andrews

Fife UK

403 Dr. JOHN ZARB Ph.D Small scale farming systems Senior Research Fellow

Newcastle University NEWCASTLE UNIVERSITY UK

404 Nelson Alvarez JD Sociologist and Lawyer Agriculture and development

consultant Uruguay

405 Dr. Rayane Abusabha Senior Research Associate Department of Nutrition

College of Health and Human Development Penn State University USA

406 Prof. Miguel A. Altieri Environment Science Policy and Management Univ.

Calif. Berkeley USA

407 Ruth Alviola Posadas M.Sc Aquaculturist State Food Safety Officer MS DMR USA

408 Biff Appia autism USA

409 Dr. Catherine Badley Biologist University of Michigan USA

410 Dr. Britt Bailey Senior Researcher CETOS Ca USA

411 Prof. Phil Bereano Council for Responsible Genetics U. Washington USA

412 Dr. Walter Bortz Physician Palo Alto USA

413 Dr. Douglas H Boucher Ecologist Hood College USA

414 Claire Cabeza M.Sc Envionmental Scientist W.A.T.E.R.S. for Salmon People USA

415 Dr. Neil J. Carman Clean Air Program Director Sierra Club Austin Texas USA

416 Ricardo Carvajal Ph.D student agricultural ecology University of Michigan

USA

417 Liane Casten M.Phil M.Phil journalist and author on food pesticides public

policy public health etc. Chair Chicago Media Watch USA

418 Prof. Liebe F. Cavalieri Mathematical Ecology Evolution and Behaviour Univ.

Minnesota St. Paul USA

419 Claire Caveza M.Sc Project leader for Chum Salmon genetic sampling fisheries

biologist for Native American tribe in the Pacific NorthWest W.A.T.E.R.S. for

Salmon People USA

420 Vijaykumar V.C. Chalasani MS Consultant East Brunswick USA

421 Dr. Ignacio Chapela Microbiologist & Ecologist U.C. Berkeley USA

422 Kristin Cobelius M.Sc. Student M.Sc. Student U. Michigan USA

423 Dr. Martha Crouch Biologist Indiana University USA

424 Jill Davies Stream Ecologist Organic Farmer Montana USA

425 Dr. Carolyn F.A. Dean MD ND MD ND Consultant Integrative Medicine

Holeopathic Pharmakeia NY USA Board of Women for a Safe Future USA

426 Dr. Chris Duffield Ph.D Visiting scientist Stanford University USA

427 Dr. David Ehrenfeld Biologist/Ecologist Rutgers University New Jersey USA

428 Andrew Epstein B.Sc Environmental Policy/planning sustainable development

The Nature Conservancy USA

429 Dr. Samuel Epstein School of Public Health Univ. Illinois Chicago USA

430 Juiet S Erazo Ph. D. student PhD student U. of Michigan USA

431 Prof. John B. Fagan Maharishi University of Management Fairfield Iowa USA

432 Dr. Don Fitz Research Psychologist and Editor Synthesis/Regeneration: A

Magazine of Green Social Thought USA

433 Dr. Ty Fitzmorris Ecologist Hampshire College USA

434 Dr Michael W Fox Veterinarian & Bioethicist Washington DC USA

435 Dr. Chris Francovich Ph.D Learning Through Participation Practice Lightfiled

Inc USA

436 Cynthia A. Frye FS/MS Student Biology Univ. Texas Medical Branch USA

437 Prof. John Garderineer Biologist U. Michigan USA

438 Dr. Barbara K. Given Faculty Researcher George Mason Univ. Fairfax USA

439 Dr. Jay L. Glaser MK Medical Director Maharishi Ayurveda Medical Center

Lancaster USA

440 Dr Herve Grenier Atmospheric Sciences and Climate Change Univ. Washington

USA

441 Dr. Gayle Robin Hamilton Assoc. Prof. Centre for the Advancement of Public

Health Fairfax VA USA

442 Rev. Dorothy A. Harper Biotethics Washington USA

443 Maria Harrington currently working on my Masters of Science in Nutrition at

Bastyr University USA

444 Prof.em Kristi Harris B.Sc plant molecular biology murray state USA

445 Paul C. Helgeson BSME Senior Engineer Middleton WI USA

446 Prof. Martha Herbert Pediatric Neurologist Mass. Gen. Hosp. USA

447 Patrick Hickey Ph.D Resource renewability and quality of life Sedona

Recycles USA

448 Daniel J. Highkin Internist Vancouver Washington USA

449 Prof. emeritus John Hotchkiss Ph.D Ethnography of Indigenous Botanical

Systems USA

450 Dr. Paul Houle Ph.D Theoretical Physics USA

451 Dr. Philip H Howard Ph.D Rural Sociology Rural Coalition Washington DC USA

452 Prof. Ruth Hubbard Biologist Harvard University USA

453 Andrew J. Hund Sociologist Arcata USA

454 Alex Jack Planetary Medicine Jushi Institute Becket Mass USA

455 Eric Jacobson Ph.D Medical anthropologist Dept. of Social Medicine Harvard

Medical School USA

456 Dr. Michael Janson General Practitioner Nutrition Cambridge USA

457 Emile C Joel B.Sc Research Chemist Retired Smithsonian Institution USA

458 Robert W. Johnson Material Scientist DSM Desotech Elgin Illinois USA

459 Dr. Gary P. Kaplan Assoc. Prof. Neurology North Shore Univ. Hosp. NYU School

of Medicine Mass USA

460 Dr. Arlene M. Kellman D.O. Physician Tucson USA

461 Prof. Jonathan King Molecular Biology MIT Cambridge Council for Responsible

Genetics USA

462 Rev Thomas Klein Orthodox Priest USA

463 Dr Jack Kloppenburg Un. Wisconsin Rural Sociologist USA

464 Heidei A. Kratsch R.D./Graduate Student Plant Physiology Univ. Wisconsin USA

465 Dr. Louis H. Krut MK CHB.:MD St. Louis Univ. Medical School Missouri USA

466 U.V. Kutzli Ph. D. student U of Michigan USA

467 Dr. Marc Lappe Geneticist and Director CETOS Ca USA

468 Dr. Chirs Lawrence Ph.D Extensive work in science education outside the box

USA

469 Dr. Chris Lawrence Ph.D Extensive work in science education outside the box

USA

470 Dr. Barry Lia Ph.D sustainable agriculture USA

471 David Lindley USA

472 Sean Lyman Student Gettysbury College USA

473 Dr. Timothy Mann Geographer Hampshire College USA

474 Hugh Mann non pharmaceutical health education organicMD org USA

475 Anne-Marie Mayer Ph. D. student Nutrition Cornell Univ. USA

476 Christine McCullum Ph. D. student Nutritional Sciences Cornell University

USA

477 Lynn V. McIndoo Student Environmental Resources Engineering Humboldt State

Univ. Arcata USA

478 Vuejuin McKersen M.Sc Natural Resource Manager U. Michigan USA

479 Dr. Stephen L. Mikesell Anthropology and Political Ecology Univ. Wisconsin

Madison USA

480 Dr. Usha Mukhtyar M.D. Consultant Gynecology Obstetrics Bronx New York USA

481 Prof. Stuart A. Newman Developmental Biology New York Medical College

Valhalla New York USA

482 Lena S Nicolai Ph. D. student University of Michigan USA

483 Dr. Ingrid C. Northwood Biochemist Simon Fraser University USA

484 Dr. Ronald E. Openshaw Adjunct Faculty Geology Physics Maharishi University

of Management Fairfield USA

485 Trina Paulus food issues sculpture writing Hope For the Flowers USA

486 Marial Peelle Biol./Anthropologist Undergrad. Swarthmors College USA

487 Dr. Juette Peufecto Biologist U of Michigan USA

488 Chris Picone M.Sc. Soil Microbiologist U. Michigan USA

489 Dr. Caros R Ramirez Biologist St Lawrance University USA

490 Prof. Philip J. Regal Dept. Ecology Evolution and Behavior Univ. Minnesota

St. Paul USA

491 Corinna Richards Ph.D student sociologist (health and biotechnology)

AmbiguousMedia USA

492 Prof. R.H. Richardson Professor of Integrative Biology University of Texas

Austin USA

493 Dr. Susan L. Roberts MSRDLD Health and Nutrition Sue Roberts Health Concepts

USA

494 Annika Rockwell Certified Nutritionist Consultant RockwellNutrition com USA

495 James Rose Ceptual Institute USA

496 Dr. Peter M. Rosset Ins. for Food and Development Policy USA

497 Prof. Philip B. Rudnick Emeritus Chemistry West Chester Univ. Pennsylvania

PSRAST USA

498 Dr. Arthur Rybeck D.D.S. Dentistry and Organic Farmer Wheeling USA

499 Dr. Elizbet Sahtouris Biologist & Author USA

500 Thomas J. Saunders Student Environmental Science Humboldt State Univ. Arcata

USA

501 Dr. Nancy A Schult Entomologist U of Wisconsin-Madison USA

502 Dr. Brian Schultz Ecologist Hampshire College USA

503 Dr. Kathy Schwab Health Researcher MPH RD LD Center for Health Research

Portland Oregon USA

504 Prof. David Schwartzman Geochemist Howard Uni. Washington DC USA

505 John Scibetta B.Sc Protein Chromatography Amersham Pharmacia Biotech USA

506 Dr. Linda Jean Sheperd Biochemist Gaia Blessings USA

507 Witold Skiba Ph.D Theoretical Physics MIT USA

508 Dr. Gerald Smith Zoologist U. Michigan USA

509 Dr. John Soluri Historian of Science Carnegie Mellon U USA

510 Doreen Stabinsky Geneticist International Environmental Politics and Policy

California State University at Sacrament USA

511 Irl Stalcup Corporate Training LA County Dept of Parks and Recreation USA

512 Emma Steen Dietician (retired) Portland USA

513 Pamela Stimler B.Sc Board Certified Internist USA

514 Prof. John Vandermeer Biologist Univ. Michigan Ann Arbor USA

515 Rosa Vazquez Student in Biology Ohio State University USA

516 Susan Vegors Psychologist Consultant Solutech Indianapolis USA

517 Prof. Kenneth G. Walton Neurochemist Vedic Medicine Maharishi Univ. IA USA

518 Ryan White Student St Lawrence University USA

519 Dr. George M. Woodwell Director The Woods Hole Research Center USA

520 Dr. Suzanne M. Wuerthele Toxicologist Toxicology & Risk Assessment federal

regulatory agency Denver USA

521 Dr. John Zamarra M.D. Cardiology Fullerton USA

522 Dr. M Zamir Ph.D Research Scientist University USA

523 Prof. Miguel Angel Nunez M.Sc 14 years working and researching in

Agroecological Scienes in the tropical areas of Latin America IPIAT Venezuela

524 Julio Eduardo Perez Genetics of Marine Organisms Universidad de Oriente

Venezuela

525 Taurai Mutanda M.Sc Biotechnologist University of Zimbabwe Zimbabwe

 

 

 

 

 

 

See World Scientists’ Statement, Institute of Science in Society website

<www.i-sis.org.uk>

See Ho, M.W. and Traavik, T. (1999). Why Patents on Life Forms and Living

Processes Should be Rejected from TRIPS – Scientific Briefing on TRIPS Article

27.3(b). TWN Report, Penang. See also ISIS News #3 and #4 <www.i-sis.org.uk>

James, C. (1998,1999). Global Status of Transgenic Crops, ISAAA Briefs, New

York.

Benbrook, C. (1999). Evidence of the Magnitude and Consequences of the

Roundup Ready Soybean Yield Drag from University-Based Varietal Trials in 1998,

Ag BioTech InfoNet Technical Paper No. 1, Idaho.

“Splitting Headache” Andy Coghlan. NewScientist, News, November 20, 1999.

“Metabolic Disturbances in GM cotton leading to fruit abortion and other

problems”<bikwessex

“Genetically Altered Crops – Will We Answer the Questions?”Dan McGuire,

American Corn Growers Association Annual Convention, Las Vegas Nevade, Feb.4,

2000; see also “Biotech News” Richard Wolfson, Canad. J. Health & Nutrition,

April, 2000.

See Watkins, K. (1999). Free trade and farm fallacies. Third World Resurgence

100/101, 33-37; see also El Feki, S. (2000). Growing pains, The Economist, 25

March, 2000.

Agriculture: towards 2015/30, FAO Global Perspectives Studies Unit

http://www.fao.org/es/esd/at2015/toc-e.htm

This is now admitted in an astonishing series of articles by Shereen El Feki

in The Economist (March 25, 2000), hitherto generally considered as a

pro-business right-wing magazine.

Farm and Land in Farms, Final Estimates 1993-1997, USDA National Agricultural

Statistics Service.

See Griffin, D. (1999). Agricultural globalization. A threat to food

security? Third World Resurgence 100/101, 38-40.

El Feki, S. (2000). Trust or bust, The Economist, 25 March, 2000.

Meikle, J. (2000). Farmers welcome £200m deal. The Guardian, 31 March, 2000.

Farm Aid fact sheet: The Farm Crisis Deepens, Cambridge, Mass, 1999.

US Department of Agriculture now holds two new patents on terminator

technology jointly with Delta and Pine. These patents were issued in 1999.

AstraZeneca are patenting similar techniques. Rafi communique, March, 2000

Simms, A. (1999). Selling Suicide, farming, false promises and genetic

engineering in developing countries, Christian Aid, London.

“Let Nature’s Harvest Continue” Statement from all the African delegates

(except South Africa) to FAO negotiations on the International Undertaking for

Plant Genetic Resources June, 1998.

Letter from Kilusang Mgbubukid ng Pilipinas to OECD, 14 Feb. 2000

<www.geocities.com/kmp.ph>

Farmer’s Declaration on Genetic Engineering in Agriculture, National Family

Farm Coalition, USA, <nffc

Farmer's rally on Capitol Hill, September 12, 1999.

McGuire, D. (2000). Genetically altered crops: will we answer the questions?

American Corn Growers Association Annual Convention, Las Vegas, Feb. 4, 2000.

MAFF Fact Sheet: Genetic modification of crops and food, June, 1999.

See Ho, M.W. and Tappeser, B. (1997). Potential contributions of horizontal

gene transfer to the transboundary movement of living modified organisms

resulting from modern biotechnology. Proceedings of Workshop on Transboundary

Movement of Living Modified Organisms resulting from Modern biotechnology :

Issues and Opportunities for Policy-makers (K.J. Mulongoy, ed.), pp. 171-193,

International Academy of the Environment, Geneva.

“The BRIGHT Project: Botanical and Rotational Implications of Genetically

Modified Herbicide Tolerance: Progress Report, March 2000, sponsored by MAFF,

SERAD, HGCA, BBRO, Aventis, Crop Care, Cyanamid, Monsanto

Mellon, M. and Rissler, J. (1998). Now or Never. Serious New Plans to Save a

Natural Pest Control, Union of Conerned Scientists, Cambridge, Mass.

Garcia,A.,Benavides,F.,Fletcher,T. and Orts,E. (1998). Paternal exposure to

pesticides and congenital malformations. Scand J Work Environ Health 24, 473-80.

Hardell, H. & Eriksson, M. (1999). A Case-Control Study of Non-Hodgkin

Lymphoma and Exposure to Pesticides. Cancer85, 1355-1360.

" Cotton used in medicine poses threat: genetically-altered cotton may not be

safe " Bangkok Post, November 17, 1997.

Hilbeck, A., Baumgartner, M., Fried, P.M. and Bigler, F. (1998). Effects of

transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis-corn-fed prey on mortality and development

time of immature Chrysoperla carnea (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). Environmental

Entomology 27, 480-96.

Losey, J.E., Rayor, L.D. and Carter, M.E. (1999). Transgenic pollen harms

monarch larvae. Nature 399, 214.

See Wraight, C.L., Zangerl, R.A., Carroll, M.J. and Berenbaum, M.R. (2000).

Absence of toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis pollen to black swallowtails under

field conditions. PNAS Early Edition www.pnas.org; despite the claim in the

title, the paper reports toxicity of bt-pollen from a high-expressing line to

swallowtail larvae in the laboratory. The issue of bt-crops is reviewed in

" Swallowing the tale of the swallowtail " and " To Bt or Not to Bt " , ISIS News #5

Deepak Saxena, Saul Flores, G, Stotzky (1999) Transgenic plants: Insecticidal

toxin in root exudates from Bt corn Nature 402, 480, p 480.

Mayeno, A.N. and Gleich, G.J. (1994). Eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome and

tryptophan production : a cautionary tale. Tibtech 12, 346-352.

Epstein, E. (1998). Bovine growth hormone and prostate cancer; Bovine growth

hormone and breast cancer. The Ecologist 28(5), 268, 269.

The secret memoranda came to light as the result of a civil lawsuit

spearheaded by lawyer Steven Druker against the US FDA, May 1998. For details

see Biointegrity website: <www.biointegrity.com>

Ewen, S.W.B. and Pusztai, A. (1999). Effects of diets containing genetially

modified potatoes expressing Galanthus nivalis lectin on rat small intestine.

The Lancet 354, 1353-1354; see also <http://plab.ku.dk/tcbh/PusztaiPusztai.htm>

Pat Phibbs, P. (2000). Genetically modified food sales 'dead' In EU Until

safety certain, says consultant , The Bureau of National Affairs, Inc.,

Washington D.C. March 23, 2000.

See Ho, M.W. (1998,1999). Genetic Engineering Dream or Nightmare? The Brave

New World of Bad Science and Big Business, Gateway, Gill & Macmillan, Dublin.

See Ho, M.W., Ryan, A., Cummins, J. (1999). The cauliflower mosaic viral

promoter – a recipe for disaster? Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease 11,

194-197; Ho, M.W., Ryan, A., Cummins, J. (2000). Hazards of transgenic crops

with the cauliflower mosaic viral promoter. Microbial Ecology in Health and

Disease (in press); Cummins, J., Ho, M.W. and Ryan, A. (2000). Hazards of CaMV

promoter. Nature Biotechnology (in press).

Reviewed in Ho, 1998,1999 (note 37); Ho, M.W., Traavik, T., Olsvik, R.,

Tappeser, B., Howard, V., von Weizsacker, C. and McGavin, G. (1998b). Gene

Technology and Gene Ecology of Infectious Diseases. Microbial Ecology in Health

and Disease 10, 33-59; Traavik, T. (1999a). Too early may be too late,

Ecological risks associated with the use of naked DNA as a biological tool for

research, production and therapy, Research report for Directorate for Nature

Management, Norway.

N Ballas, S Broido, H Soreq, A Loyter (1989) Efficient functioning of plant

promoters and poly(A) sites in Xenopus oocytes Nucl Acids Res 17, 7891-903.

Burke, C, Yu X.B., Marchitelli, L.., Davis, E.A., Ackerman, S. (1990).

Transcription factor IIA of wheat and human function similarly with plant and

animal viral promoters. Nucleic Acids Res 18, 3611-20.

Reviewed in Ho, 1998,1999 (note 37); Ho, M.W., Traavik, T., Olsvik, R.,

Tappeser, B., Howard, V., von Weizsacker, C. and McGavin, G. (1998b). Gene

Technology and Gene Ecology of Infectious Diseases. Microbial Ecology in Health

and Disease 10, 33-59; Traavik, T. (1999a). Too early may be too late,

Ecological risks associated with the use of naked DNA as a biological tool for

research, production and therapy, Research report for Directorate for Nature

Management, Norway.

Kumpatla, S.P., Chandrasekharan, M.B., Iuer, L.M., Li, G. and Hall, T.c.

(1998). Genome intruder scanning and modulation systems and transgene silencing.

Trends in Plant Sciences 3, 96-104.

See Pawlowski, W.P. and Somers, D.A. (1996). Transgene inheritance in plants.

Molecular Biotechnology 6, 17-30.

Reviewed by Doerfler, W., Schubbert, R., Heller, H., Kämmer, C.,

Hilger-Eversheim, D., Knoblauch, M. and Remus, R. (1997). Integration of foreign

DNA and its consequences in mammalian systems. Tibtech 15, 297-301.

Draft Guidance for Industry: Use of Antibiotic Resistance Marker Genes in

Transgenic Plants, US FDA, September 4, 1998.

See Letter from N. Tomlinson, Joint Food Safety and Standards Group, MAFF, to

US FDA, 4 December, 1998.

See Barnett, A. (2000). GM genes 'jump species barrier'. The Observer, May

28.

Forbes, J.M., Blair, D.E., Chiter, A., and Perks, S. (1998). Effect of Feed

Processing Conditions on DNA Fragmentation Section 5 - Scientific Report, MAFF;

see also Ryan, A. and Ho, M.W. (1999). Transgenic DNA in animal feed. ISIS

Report, November 1999 <www.i-sis.org.uk>

Mercer, D.K., Scott, K.P., Bruce-Johnson, W.A. Glover, L.A. and Flint, H.J.

(1999). Fate of free DNA and transformation of the oral bacterium Streptococcus

gordonii DL1 by plasmid DNA in human saliva. Applied and Environmental

Microbiology 65, 6-10.

Reviewed in Ho, 1998,1999 (note 37).

Gebbard, F. and Smalla, K. (1999). Monitoring field releases of genetically

modified sugar beets for persistence of transgenic plant DNA and horizontal gene

transfer. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 28, 261-272.

See Ho, M.W., Ryan, A., Cummins, J. and Traavik, T. (2000). Unregulated

Hazards, ‘Naked’ and ‘Free’ Nucleic Acids, ISIS Report for Third World Network,

Jan. 2000, London and Penang <www.i-sis.org.uk>

Viewpoint, Henry Miller, Financial Times, March 22, 2000

See Pretty, J. (1995). Sustainable Agriculture, Earthscan, London; also

Pretty, J. (1998). The Living Land - Agriculture, Food and Community

Regeneration in Rural Europe, Earthscan, London; see also Alternative

Agriculture: Report of the National Academy of Sciences, Washington D.C., 1989.

Rosset, P. (1999). The Multiple Functions and Benefits of Small Farm

Agriculture In the Context of Global Trade Negotiations, The Institute for Good

and Development Policy, Policy Brief No. 4, Oakland.

Mruphy, C. (1999). Cultivating Havana: Urban Agriculture and Food Security in

the Years of Crisis, Institute for Food and Development Policy, Development

Report No. 12, Oakland.

Altieri, M., Rosset, P. and Trupp, L.A. (1998). The Potential of Agroecology

to Combat Hunger in the Developing World, Institute for Food and Development

Policy Report, Oakland, California.

Peter Rosset, Food First Institute.

RELEVANT LINKS

from the ISIS website

 

Ethical Aspects of Biotechnology and Genetically Modified Organisms

 

Questionable 'Stability' at JIC

 

Michael Meacher Meets Scientists

 

The Need for Another Research Paradigm

 

The Unnecessary Evil of `Therapeutic' Human Cloning

 

MAFF Reveals New Scientific Findings Confirming Fears Over Health Hazards of

GMOs

 

Genetically Modified GM crops are neither needed nor beneficial

 

Transcript of witness Statement by Mae-Wan Ho

 

The Biotechnology Debate has United the World against Corporate Rule

 

 

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[Guest guest]

Frank,

Would you mind posting URLs along with long articles so I can

pass on URLs & brief quotes instead of sending long e-mails to

friends who may or may not be interested in reading the whole thing?

 

Thanks.

 

Alobar

 

 

-

" Frank " <califpacific

<gettingwell >

Monday, November 11, 2002 6:46 AM

Open Letter From World Scientists Concerning

GMOs

 

 

Open Letter from World Scientists to All Governments Concerning

Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)

The scientists are extremely concerned about the hazards of GMOs

to biodiversity, food safety, human and animal health, and demand a

moratorium on environmental releases in accordance with the

precautionary principle.

 

<snip>

[Guest guest]

Hi Alobar,

 

Yes, The recent articles all came from this site:

http://www.i-sis.org.uk/

 

Frank

 

 

Gettingwell, " Alobar " <alobar@b...> wrote:

> Frank,

> Would you mind posting URLs along with long articles so I

can

> pass on URLs & brief quotes instead of sending long e-mails to

> friends who may or may not be interested in reading the whole thing?

>

> Thanks.

>

> Alobar

>

>

> -

> " Frank " <califpacific>

> <gettingwell>

> Monday, November 11, 2002 6:46 AM

> Open Letter From World Scientists Concerning

> GMOs

>

>

> Open Letter from World Scientists to All Governments Concerning

> Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)

> The scientists are extremely concerned about the hazards of GMOs

> to biodiversity, food safety, human and animal health, and demand a

> moratorium on environmental releases in accordance with the

> precautionary principle.

>

> <snip>