drug racket - references

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REFERENCES AND NOTES

1. Brian Howe, " The cost of health care is rocketing " , Sunday

Telegraph, 27 Oct. 1992.

 

2. Ivan Illich, Limits to Medicine - Medical Nemesis: The

Expropriation of Health, Pelican Books, 1979, pp. 57-8.

 

2a. Robert W. Hetherington, Carl E. Hopkins, and Milton I. Roemer,

Health Insurance Plans: Promise and Performance, Wiley, New York,

1975. Cited in ref. 2, p. 57.

 

2b. Martin S. Feldstein, The Rising Cost of Hospital Care,

Information Resources, Washington, D.C., 1971. Cited in ref. 2, p.

57.

 

2c. CREDOC (Centre de recherches et de documentation sur la

consommation), Evolution de la structure des soins medicaus, 1957-

1972, Paris, 1973. Cited in ref. 2, p. 57.

 

2d. " Krankheitskosten: 'Die bombe tickt'; Das westdeutsche

Gesundheitswesen " , 1. " Der Kampf um die Kassen-Milliarden " ; 2. " Die

Phalanx der niedergelassenen Arzte " , Der Spiegel, no. 19, 1975, pp.

54-66; no. 20, 1975, pp. 126-42. Cited in ref. 2, p. 57.

 

2e. R. Maxwell, Health Care: The Proving Dilemma; Needs vs. Resouces

in Western Europe, the U.S., and the U.S.S.R., McKinsey & Co., New

York, 1974. Ian Douglas-Wilson and Gordon McLachlan, eds, Health

Service Projects: An International Survey, Little, Brown, Boston,

1973. Cited in ref. 2, p. 57.

 

2f. Louise Russell et al., Federal Health Spending, 1969-74, Center

for Health Policy Studies, National Planning Association, Washington,

D.C., 1974. Cited in ref. 2, p. 58.

 

3. " Drug doctors under fire " , Bulletin, 24 Mar. 1992, pp. 20-1.

 

4. Illich, op. cit., pp. 77-8.

 

4a. John M. Firestone, Trends in Prescription Drug Prices, Enterprise

Institute for Public Policy Research, Washington, D.C., 1970. Cited

in ref. 4, p. 77.

 

4b. Edward M. Brecher and Consumer Reports Editors, Licit and Illicit

Drugs: The Consumers Union Report on Narcotics, Stimulants,

Depressants, Inhalants, Hallucinogens and Marijuana - Including

Caffeine, Nicotine and Alcohol, Little, Brown, Boston, 1973. Cited in

ref. 4, p. 78.

 

4c. D.M. Dunlop, " The use and abuse of psychotropic drugs " , in

Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine (1970) 63: 1279. G. L.

Klerman, " Social values and the consumption of psychotropic

medicine " , in Proceedings of the First World Congress on

Environmental Medicine and Biology, North-Holland, Haarlem, 1974.

Cited in ref. 4, p. 78.

 

4d. James L. Goddard, " The medical business " , Scientific American,

no. 229, Sept. 1973, pp. 161-6. Cited in ref. 4, p. 78.

 

4e. Drug Use in America: Problem in Perspective, Second Report of the

National Commission on Marihuana and Drug Abuse, 1972, 1973, 1974, 4

vols, Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., stock no. 5266-

0003. National Commission for the Study of Nursing and Nursing

Education, An Abstract for Action, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1970. Cited

in ref. 4, p. 78.

 

5. Illich, op. cit., p. 36.

 

6. Robert S. Mendelsohn, Confessions of a Medical Heretic, Warner

Books, New York, 1980, p. 56.

 

7. National Health Stategy, Issues in Pharmaceutical Drug Use in

Australia, Issues Paper no. 4 (Prof. R. Harvey, Chairman), National

Health, Housing and Community Services, Canberra, June 1992, p. 50.

 

8. " The alternatives to pill-popping " , Sydney Morning Herald, 2 July

1988.

 

9. D. Wade, " The background pattern of drug usage in Australia " ,

Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, vol. 19, May 1976, pp. 651-6.

 

10. Calculated by comparing statistics provided in refs 7 & 8.

 

11. Australian Consumers' Association, " Pills for Pain " , Choice, ACA,

Marrickville, NSW, June 1991, p. 11.

 

12. In 1973, $166 million was spent on OTC drugs (see ref. 11) and

$240 million was spent on prescription drugs (Pharmacy Guild of

Australia, Guild Digest, 1991, tables 27 & 31). From this it was

calculated that in 1973 the cost of OTC was 69% of the cost of

prescription drugs. If the rate of increase of OTC drugs is

proportional to the rate of increase of prescription drugs, then it

could be estimated that OTC drugs in 1991 would amount to 69% of $2

billion (cost of prescription drugs in 1991. See ref. 3), which

equals to $1.4 billion.

 

13. See ref. 3.

 

14. Jim Mason & Peter Singer, Animal Factories, Crown Publishers, New

York, 1980, p. 56.

 

15. John Robins, Diet for a New America, Stillpoint Publishing,

Walpole, 1987, p. 109.

 

16. Bureau of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Health, Education

and Welfare, FDA 76-6012, " Drug use guide: swine " , B.V.M., Industry

Relations Branch, Rockville, Md., May 1976, p. 1.

 

17. Drugs in Livestock Feed, vol. I, Technical Report, Office of

Technology Assessment, Washington, D.C., June 1979, p. 3.

 

18. Food Safety and Quality Service, U.S. Department of

Agriculture, " Industry-government 'self-help' sulfa campaign

underway " , Northeast Regional Information Office Newsletter, New

York, 15 June 1978, p. 1.

 

19. Drugs in Livestock Feed, op. cit., vol. I, p. 3.

 

20. Illich, op. cit., p. 79.

 

21. Hans Ruesch, Naked Empress or The Great Medical Fraud, CIVIS

(Latin acronym for International Center of Scientific Information on

Vivisection) Publications, POB 152, Via Motta 51, CH-6900

Massagno/Lugano, Switzerland, 1992, p. 12.

 

22. R.D. Mann, Modern Drug Use, an Enquiry on Historical Principles,

MTP Press, 1984.

 

23. FDA Drug Review: Postapproval Risks 1976-1985, U.S. General

Accounting Office, April 1990.

 

24. Adverse Drug Reaction Advisory Committee, The New Epidemic: A

Collection of Case-Studies by ADRAC, AGPS, Canberra, 1987, p. 3.

 

25. I. Lamour, R.G. Dolphin, H. Baxter et al., " A prospective study

of hospital admissions due to drug reactions " , Australian Journal of

Hospital Pharmacy, 1991, vol. 21(2), pp. 90-95.

 

26. " A crisis of confidence " , Australian Penthouse, April 1983, p.

39.

 

27. R.D. Mann, op. cit.

 

28. Richard Taylor, Medicine Out of Control - The Anatomy of a

Malignant Technology, Sun Books, Melbourne, 1979, p. 46.

 

29. Leighton Cluff in Controversies in Therapeutics, ed. Louis

Lasagna, Saunders, 1980, p. 44.

 

30. U.S. Senate, Select Committee on Small Business, Subcommittee on

Monopoly, Competitive Problems in the Drug Industry, 90th Congress,

1st & 2nd Sessions, 1967-8, pt. 2, p. 565.

 

31. Leighton Cluff, op. cit.

 

32. Arabella Melville & Colin Johnson, Cured to Death - The Effects

of Prescription Drugs, Angus & Robertson Publishers, London, 1982, p.

123.

 

33. Health Care Reform Group, Compulsory Immunisation - A Statement

of Concern, HCRG, Glebe, NSW, 1991, p. 13.

 

34. New Scientist, no. 218, 17 July 1980.

 

35. W.H. Inman in Monitoring for Drug Safety, ed. W.H. Inman, MTP

Press, 1980.

 

36. Taylor, op. cit., pp. 46-7.

 

37. H. Beaty & R. Petersdorf, " Iatrogenic factors in infectious

disease " , Annals of Internal Medicine, 1966, vol. 65, p. 641.

 

38. Taylor, op. cit., pp. 47-8.

 

39. Robert S. Mendelsohn, Confessions of a Medical Heretic, Warner

Books, New York, 1980.

 

40. Robert S. Mendelsohn, Mal(e) Practice: How Doctors Manipulate

Women, Contemporary Books, Chicago, 1982.

 

41. Robert S. Mendelsohn, How to Raise a Healthy Child...In Spite of

Your Doctor, Ballantine Books, New York, 1987.

 

42. Illich, op. cit., p. 35.

 

43. Ruesch, op. cit., p. 13.

 

44. ibid.

 

45. ibid.

 

46. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Ten Leading Causes of

Death in the U.S., 1977, July 1980.

 

47. T. McKeown, The Role of Medicine, Blackwell Scientific

Publications, 1979.

 

48. T. McKeown and C.R. Lowe, An Introduction to Social Medicine,

Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1976.

 

49. J.B. McKinlay & S. McKinlay, Health & Society, Millibank Memorial

Fund, 1977, pp. 405-28.

 

50. Wisconsin Action Coalition and Citizen Fund of Washington, D.C.,

Milwaukee Sentinel, 30 Apr. 1990.

 

51. Alan S. Levin, " Corruption in American medicine " , in Dissent in

Medicine - Nine Doctors Speak Out, The New Medical Foundation, 36th

Floor, 115 South LaSalle Street, Chicago, Illinois 60603, publ. by

Contemporary Books, Chicago, pp. 78-80.

 

52. See ref. 3.

 

53. Levin, op. cit., pp. 80-4.

 

54. Illich, op. cit., p. 11.

 

55. Hans Ruesch, Naked Empress or The Great Medical Fraud, CIVIS

Publications, Massagno/Lugano, Switzerland, 1992.

 

56. Morris A. Bealle, The Drug Story, Biworld Publishers, Orem, Utah,

1949 (original edition titled as The Super Drug Story, publ. by

Columbia Publishing Company, Washington, D.C.; also retitled as The

New Drug Story) , Cited in ref. 55, pp. 98-9.

 

57. ibid.

 

58. Joseph Borkin, The Crime and Punishment of I.G. Farben, Free

Press, New York, 1978, p. 127.

 

59. John Braithwaite, Corporate Crime in the Pharmaceutical Industry,

Routledge & Kegan Paul, London, 1984, p. 4.

 

60. Borkin, op. cit.

 

61. ibid.

 

62. Bealle, op. cit., reproduced in ref. 55, p. 100.

 

63. Ruesch, op. cit., p. 116.

 

64. Bealle, op. cit. repr. in ref. 55, pp. 100-1.

 

65. Ruesch, op. cit., pp. 101-2.

 

66. ibid., pp. 103-4.

 

67. ibid., p. 105.

 

68. Bealle, op. cit., repr. in ref. 67.

 

69. Ruesch, op. cit., pp. 105-6.

 

70. Bina Robinson (ed.), " FDA: The American gestapo protector or

prosecuter? " , Civil Abolitionist, P.O. Box 26, Swain, New York 14885,

vol., IV, no., 3, Summer 1992, ps 1 & 7.

 

71. Duncan Roads (ed.), " Alternative medicine beware " , Nexus New

Times, vol. 2, no. 8, June-July 1992, p. 9.

 

72. Duncan Roads (ed.), " Natural medicine in the USA - a warning to

Australia " , Nexus New Times, vol. 2, no. 9, Aug.-Sept. 1992, p. 9.

 

73. Freedom of Choice in Health Care, circular, FCHC - P.O. Box 2651,

Alice Springs, NT. 0870, 1992.

 

74. See ref. 72.

 

75. Ruesch, op. cit., pp. 108-9.

 

76. ibid., p. 106.

 

77. J.W. Hodge quoted in ref. 75.

 

78. " Unorthodox medicos to lose rebates " , Australian, 21 July 1992,

p. 3.

 

79. Woodrow Wilson in The New Freedom, Doubleday & Co., New York,

1913, pp. 57-8. Repr. in ref. 55, p. 117.

 

80. Ruesch, op. cit., p. 118.

 

81. Morris H. Rubin (ed.), The Progressive, Jan. 1977. Repr. in ref.

55, p. 119.

 

82. Jimmy Carter in AMA News, 8 June 1979.

 

83. Cary Allen, None Dare Call It Conspiracy, Concord Press - P.O.

Box 2686, Seal Beach, California 90740, 1971