Omega 3 fatty acids

[Guest guest]

Hi Ginger,

 

I don't know if your question has been answered yet, but my favorite source is Udo's Oil. I put it in my Total Nutrition drink. I can always tell when I'm not getting enough - my skin shows it first!

 

Best,

Kelli

 

 

Ginger [vleonard] Friday, July 02, 2004 6:21 AMherbal remedies Subject: Herbal Remedies - Omega 3 fatty acidsDo yall have a recommendation for a brand, etc.?

[Guest guest]

Thanks for the reply Kelli. You're the only one that has so far.

 

herbal remedies , " Kelli Bever " <kelli@c...>

wrote:

> Hi Ginger,

>

> I don't know if your question has been answered yet, but my

favorite source is Udo's Oil. I put it in my Total Nutrition drink.

I can always tell when I'm not getting enough - my skin shows it

first!

>

> Best,

> Kelli

>

>

> Ginger [vleonard@m...]

> Friday, July 02, 2004 6:21 AM

> herbal remedies

> Herbal Remedies - Omega 3 fatty acids

>

>

> Do yall have a recommendation for a brand, etc.?

[Guest guest]

Dear Ginger,

 

You will find that sometimes when one of the moderators answers your question exactly right without reservation no one else will bother to comment. UDO's Oil is exactly what would cover ALL fatty oils or any other oil necessary to survive for the human body. Therefore sometimes you'll get a lack of posts because the answer has already been competently given.

 

Dammit, and Kelli is so damned fast!!

 

Love,

 

Zeb

 

 

Thanks for the reply Kelli. You're the only one that has so far.

[Guest guest]

I'm looking for the capsules. Trying to sneak something into the

food for the kids is a challenge because they taste everything.

The oooooooooooooo factor is amazing.

 

Thanks for all the heads up about the Omega 3.

 

Virginia

[Guest guest]

Ooh, stick some flax seed in a grinder...you can sprinkle it on or in

ANYTHING, lavishly, and it's totally un-tasteable. Great stuff, and

cheap, too! -S

[Guest guest]

In Germany they stir flaxseeds in their whole meal breads. They keep

them whole, but I love the addition of the seeds in the bread.

 

herbal remedies , Sara Thustra

<sara.thustra@e...> wrote:

> Ooh, stick some flax seed in a grinder...you can sprinkle it on or

in

> ANYTHING, lavishly, and it's totally un-tasteable. Great stuff,

and

> cheap, too! -S

[Guest guest]

Just butting in here with a question re the Udo oil. It is my

understanding that the oils are not stable in plastic but should be

in dark glass and I thought the Flora oil was safest because of that?

Or does the Udo come in glass? Thanks

hette

herbal remedies , <zeb@A...> wrote:

> Dear Ginger,

>

> You will find that sometimes when one of the moderators answers

your question exactly right without reservation no one else will

bother to comment. UDO's Oil is exactly what would cover ALL fatty

oils or any other oil necessary to survive for the human body.

Therefore sometimes you'll get a lack of posts because the answer has

already been competently given.

[Guest guest]

Hi Hette,

 

Yes, Udo's Oil comes in a glass bottle :-)

 

love

Lisa

 

-

hette

herbal remedies

Sunday, July 25, 2004 1:26 AM

Re: Herbal Remedies - Omega 3 fatty acids

Just butting in here with a question re the Udo oil. It is my understanding that the oils are not stable in plastic but should be in dark glass and I thought the Flora oil was safest because of that? Or does the Udo come in glass? Thanks :)hette

[Guest guest]

Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Information from Dr.

Andreas Papas

 

Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Information from Dr. Andreas

Papas JoAnn Guest

Jun 13, 2005 18:06 PDT

 

 

Omega-3 Fatty Acids . . .The Omega-T™ Advantage, by

Yasoo Health

--

 

http://www.willner.com/article.aspx?artid=91

Omega-3 fatty acids are important building blocks of

our cell

membranes,

signaling pathways and neurological systems. They play

a critical role

in many functions in the body and are essential for

good health. These

health effects were noted at first by studying the

Inuit Indians which

ate a diet of marine and fish wildlife and had a

significantly reduced

risk of heart attacks. The benefit of omega-3 fatty

acids in

cardiovascular disease is so well demonstrated that

the American Heart

Association has published statements since 1996

recommending increased

fish intake and/or omega-3 supplements. Scientists and

physicians have

also discovered many other benefits of omega-3 fatty

acids and the

research continues to grow!

 

In this Omega-T™ advantage section you will learn the

basics about

fatty

acids and fats, their function in our bodies, the

affects of our

western

diet on omega-3 levels and the latest research on the

cardiovascular

and

other benefits of this compound. In addition there is

a section on

coenzyme Q10 - another critical nutrient that has a

synergistic role

with omega-3 and is found in Omega-T™, Yasoo’s

exciting new product.

 

The Omega-3 Basics

 

--

 

 

Omega-3: The Basics. Omega-3 fatty acids are

long-chained,

polyunsaturated fatty acids.

 

Who are you calling a fatty acid? Fatty acids are the

building blocks

of

triglycerides and other lipids. They are usually

composed of a long

chain of unbranched carbon atoms with a carboxyl group

at one end. Most

fatty acids contain between 4 and 24 carbon atoms in

the backbone.

 

What is a saturated fatty acid? A saturated fatty acid

has only single

bonds in the carbon backbone. Unsaturated fatty acids

have one or more

double bonds in the carbon backbone. Thus,

monounsaturated fatty acids

have one double bond and polyunsaturated fatty acids

have two or more

double bonds.

 

These double bonds decrease the melting point – that

means they are

more

likely to be a liquid than a solid at room

temperature. The longer the

carbon backbone length, however, the higher the

melting point and the

more likely to be a solid than a liquid at room

temperature. The

melting

points of a series of 18-carbon fatty acids are

stearic acid, 69.6 °C;

oleic acid, 13.4 °C; linoleic acid, -5 °C; and

linolenic acid, -11 °C.

 

What does omega-3 mean? Fatty acids are named by the

amount of carbon

atoms and double bonds in the backbone. Thus,

linolenic acid, C-18:3

9,12,15 , means a 18 carbon backbone with three double

bonds after the

9th, 12th and 15th carbons from the " front " or

carboxyl group. An

simpler naming method only declares the first double

bond from the

methyl end and calls this compound an omega-3 fatty

acid. This means

that this fatty acid has a double bond 3 carbons from

the " end " or

methyl group.

 

What is an essential fatty acid? Omega-3 and omega-6

fatty acids are

important because our bodies do not have the enzymes

necessary to

create

double bonds after the 10th carbon from the carboxyl

group. Thus,

linoleic and linolenic fatty acids are essential.

 

 

 

ALA is the only essential omega-3 fatty acid because

our bodies can

convert ALA into others such as eicosapentaenoic acid

(EPA) and

docosahexanoic acid DHA. There are, however,

conditions where this

conversion is inefficient. For example, infants and

people with certain

enzyme deficiencies cannot efficiently convert ALA to

EPA. For this

reason, EPA and DHA are sometimes considered as

conditionally

essential.

 

 

The major omega-3 fatty acids are:

 

ALA, (alpha) linolenic acid

 

EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid

 

DHA, docosahexanoic acid

 

The dietary requirements of essential fatty acids are

approximately 2%

of caloric intake for adults and 3% for children.

 

Where do we get omega-3 fatty acids? ALA is found

primarily in dark

green leafy vegetables, flaxseed oils, and certain

vegetable oils. EPA

and DHA are found primarily in oily cold-water fish

such as mackerel,

herring, tuna, and salmon.

 

Where do we get omega-6 fatty acids? Linoleic acid is

found primarily

in

seeds, nuts, grains and legumes and thus heavily

present in our diet in

the form of vegetable oils (ex. corn oil) and seed

oils (sunflower

oil).

They are also present in food items, such as mayoniase

and salad

dressing, that contain these oils.

 

What purpose do omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids serve?

Omega-3 and

omega-6 fatty acids are critical in the structure of

our cell membranes

and the development of the nervous system and form the

foundation for

the synthesis of cell mediators (prostaglandins and

leukotrienies).

These cell mediators play an important role in human

physiology and can

affect coagulation, inflammation and proliferation of

certain cells.

 

More specifically, omega-3 fatty acids:

 

1. comprise the phospholipid bilayer in the membrane

of cells

 

2. affect cell signalling and gene exprression

 

3. are primary components of brain, retina and other

nerve tissue.

 

4. form the foundation for proinflammatory and

inhibitory compounds

such

as Thomboxane A2

 

5. play a key role in the prevention and management of

chronic

diseases.

 

 

The omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acid ratio and the

changing western diet.

In an effort to reduce cholesterol levels and lead

healthier

lifestyles,

many Americans have substituted vegetable oils which

are high in

omega-3

fatty acids, in place of saturated fat from animals.

This change in

diet

has led to an enormous increase in omega-6 fatty acid

consumption and

has elevated the typical omega-3 fatty acid ratio of

2:1 to 25-50:1.

 

The increase in omega-6 fatty acid ratio can have

profound effects on

an

individual’s health. This reason is that omega-6 fatty

acids do not

provide the health benefits that omega-3 fatty acids

do. Although

omega-6 fatty acids are an important part of the cell

membrane,

replacement of the phospholipids EPA and DHA

(derivates of omega-3

fatty

acids) with arachidonic acid (derivate of omega-6

fatty acids) leads to

a more thrombogenic state. Omega-3 fatty acids and

their derivates

reduce thrombogenisis by altering certain pathways

leading to the

production of less inflammatory mediators

(prostaglandins, leukotrienes

and thromboxanes). The table below highlights the

general differences

in

health benefits between omega-3 and omega-6 fatty

acids.

 

1. Omega-3 fatty acids reduce inflammation, omega-6

increase

inflammation.

 

2. Omega-3 fatty acids are antithrombotic, omega-6

increase blood

clotting.

 

3. Omega-3 are non-immunoreactive, omega-6 are

immunoreactive.

 

These differences have profound implications for heart

disease, cancer,

arthritis, allergies and other chronic diseases. The

scientific

consensus is that the ratio of omega-6 to omega-3

fatty acids should be

less than 5.

 

How can I get more omega-3 fatty acids? Many people

desire to

supplement

their omega-3 fatty acid intake with dietary

supplements. These

supplements generally contain flaxseed oil or fish

oil. DHA is

commercially available in its pure form.

 

• Flaxseed oil contains alpha-linolenic acid but no

EPA and DHA.

 

• Fish oil contains primarily EPA and DHA

 

Omega-3 from fish oil are available as triglycerides

or ethyl esters.

The preferred form of omega-3 fatty acids is

triglycerides from fish

oil. It is the most bioavailable form.

 

Cardiovascular Benefits

 

--

 

 

Coronary Artery Disease.

 

What’s an Inuit? There has been a strong association

between omega-3

fatty acids and cardiovascular health in many

observational studies.

Some of the initial evidence focused on the Inuit, an

Eskimo population

in Greenland, who have a significantly lower mortality

rate from

coronary artery disease despite high total fat intake

and similar

cholesterol levels when compared to the population of

Denmark. The

Inuit

diet consists largely of marine mammals and fish, high

in omega-3 fatty

acids.

 

[Kromann N, Green A. Epidemiologic studies in the

Upernavik district,

Greenland: incidence of some chronic diseases

1950-1974. Acta Med

Scand.

1980;208:401-406.]

 

[bang HO, Dyerberg J, Horne N. The composition of food

consumed by

Greenland Eskimos. Acta Med Scand. 1976;200:69-73. ]

 

Clinical Intervention Studies. Since the association

was made in

observational studies, researchers have conducted

several

interventional

clinical trials that have shown decreased mortality

from cardiovascular

disease, specifically myocardial infarction in the

past two decades.

 

One of the most well known studies, the GISSI-3

{Gruppo Italiano per lo

Studio della Sopravvivenza nell'Infarto Miocardio

(GISSI)-Prevenzione},

in which 11,324 people were given 1gram of omega-3

fatty acids or

control for 24 months. This large study showed that

persons given

omega-3 fatty acid supplements had a 45% decrease in

risk of sudden

cardiac death and a 20% reduction in all-cause

mortality.

 

[GISSI-Prevenzione Investigators. Dietary

supplementation with n-3

polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E after

myocardial infarction:

results of the GISSI-Prevenzione trial. Lancet

1999;354:447-55. ]

 

Meta-Analysis. A meta-analysis recently published in

the American

Journal of Medicine reviewed 11 clinical intervention

studies published

between1966 and 1999. The relative risk ratio for

patients supplemented

with omega-3 fatty acids as compared to controls was

0.7 (P<0.001), 0.8

for nonfatal myocardial infarctions (P=0.16) and 0.7

(P<0.001) for

overall death.

 

What does this mean for you? Well, a meta-analysis

groups the results

of

several studies to make more meaningful conclusions.

If you eat a

significant amount of fish or take omega-3 fatty acid

supplement you

can

decrease your risk of dying by 30% or you risk of

having a fatal heart

attack by 20%. That is a pretty persuasive argument!

 

How do omega-3 lower cardiovascular risk? There has

been a lot of

research on this topic and there are several possible

mechanisms for

these beneficial effects:

 

-Lowering triglycerides (lipids in your bloodstream)

 

-Reducing endothelial dysfunction (making your blood

vessels healthier)

 

-Inhibiting monocyte adhesion and inflammatory

mediators (reducing

inflammation)

 

-Reducing heart arrhythmias

 

-Reducing hypercoagulability (reducing the chance of

blood clots)

 

-The FDA approved a qualified health claim on the

heart benefits of the

omega-3 fatty acids.

http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/ds-ltr11.html

 

Hypertension.

 

A meta-analysis on this issue, that included 17

clinical trials,

concluded that supplementation with omega-3 fatty

acids reduced both

systolic and diastolic blood pressure in hypertensive

patients. The

effect on non-hypertensive patients was minimal.

 

[Appel LJ. Miller ER 3rd. Seidler AJ. Whelton PK. Does

supplementation

of diet with 'fish oil' reduce blood pressure? A

meta-analysis of

controlled clinical trials.[comment]. [Journal

Article. Meta-Analysis]

Archives of Internal Medicine. 153(12):1429-38, 1993

Jun 28. [

 

Arrythmias.

 

Several clinical intervention, including GISSI-3

mentioned above,

studies have shown that omega-3 fatty acids reduce

sudden death,

especially in patients who have prior coronary artery

disease. The

decrease in sudden death is partly attributed to the

reduction in fatal

cardiac arrhymias. Recent animal studies are close to

elucidating the

mechanism behind this benefit.

 

De Caterina R. Madonna R. [Antiarrhythmia effects of

omega-3 fatty

acids. A review]. [Review] [86 refs] [italian]

[Journal Article.

Review.

Review, Tutorial] Italian Heart Journal: Official

Journal of the

Italian

Federation of Cardiology. 3(3 Suppl):297-308, 2002

Mar.

 

Other Benefits of Omega-T™

 

--

 

 

Neurological Health

 

DHA is a major component of the brain and other neural

tissue including

the light-sensitive cells in the retina of the eye.

DHA comprises

approximately 20% of the lipid material in our brain.

All essential

fatty acids are important for normal fetal development

and DHA is

particularly because fetuses and premature infants

cannot produce DHA

efficiently.

 

Preliminary studies suggest that the omega-3 fatty

acids and

particularly DHA may help delay the progression of

Alzheimer’s. DHA is

also studied for its role in fighting depression, and

early results

appear very promising.

 

Joint health and arthritis

 

There has been considerable in vitro and animal models

testing the use

of omega-3 fatty acids in arthritis. This research as

well as some

clinical trials suggests that omega-3 fatty acids may

reduce the

severity of the symptoms, slow the progression of the

disease and

reduce

the need for drug treatment. The potential benefits of

omega-3 fatty

acids may be due to their anti-inflammatory

properties. The evidence,

while promising is not conclusive at this time.

 

In addition, there is considerable evidence that

omega-3 fatty acids

can

benefit patients with rheumatoid arthritis, a severe

autoimmune

disease.

In one study, 66 patients were randomized to receive

omega-3 fatty

acids

or placebo. Those who received omega-3 fatty acids had

clinical

improvement including a decrease in the number of

tender joints.

 

[Kremer JM. Lawrence DA. Petrillo GF. Litts LL.

Mullaly PM. Rynes RI.

Stocker RP. Parhami N. Greenstein NS. Fuchs BR. et al.

Effects of

high-dose fish oil on rheumatoid arthritis after

stopping nonsteroidal

antiinflammatory drugs. Clinical and immune

correlates. [Clinical

Trial.

Journal Article. Multicenter Study. Randomized

Controlled Trial]

Arthritis & Rheumatism.]

 

Other diseases

 

- Omega-3 fatty acids are studied for their potential

benefits in:

 

- Allergies and asthma

 

- Multiple sclerosis

 

- Cancer

 

- Crohn’s and inflammatory bowel disease

 

The evidence is not conclusive at this time.

 

[Nagakura T. Matsuda S. Shichijyo K. Sugimoto H. Hata

K. Dietary

supplementation with fish oil rich in omega-3

polyunsaturated fatty

acids in children with bronchial asthma. [Clinical

Trial. Journal

Article. Randomized Controlled Trial] European

Respiratory Journal.

16(5):861-5, 2000 Nov.]

 

[Hodge L. Salome CM. Hughes JM. Liu-Brennan D. Rimmer

J. Allman M. Pang

D. Armour C. Woolcock AJ. Effect of dietary intake of

omega-3 and

omega-6 fatty acids on severity of asthma in children.

[Clinical Trial.

Journal Article. Randomized Controlled Trial] European

Respiratory

Journal. 11(2):361-5, 1998 Feb.]

 

[Kjeldsen-Kragh J. Lund JA. Riise T. Finnanger B.

Haaland K. Finstad R.

Mikkelsen K. Forre O. Dietary omega-3 fatty acid

supplementation and

naproxen treatment in patients with rheumatoid

arthritis. [Clinical

Trial. Journal Article. Randomized Controlled Trial]

Journal of

Rheumatology. 19(10):1531-6, 1992 Oct.]

 

Coenzyme Q10

 

--

 

 

Hemmi N. Bhagavan, Ph.D., F.A.C.N.

 

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), a naturally occurring compound

and antioxidant,

is

critical to humans for the production of energy. It

belongs to the

homologous series of compounds called coenzyme Q that

share the same

basic ring structure but differ in the length of the

" isoprenoid " side

chain. Because of their wide and ubiquitous

distribution in nature,

these compounds are also called ubiquinones. CoQ10

stands for CoQ with

10 isoprene units and it is the form present in humans

and several

other

species. CoQ compounds play an essential role in the

production of

cellular energy in most aerobic organisms, from humans

to plants and

bacteria (Bliznakov, 1987).

 

Although CoQ10 is sometimes referred to as a vitamin,

by strict

definition it does not meet one criteria necessary for

this

distinction.

CoQ10 is a naturally occurring compound that is

synthesized in our

body.

Vitamins, on the other hand, are essential nutrients

that are not

produced in the body, and must be supplied by

exogenous sources. CoQ10

could be called a conditionally " essential nutrient "

since its

production in the body may not meet the needs under

certain conditions.

Data show that CoQ10 production in the body is reduced

as we age. There

are other pathologic conditions where CoQ10 status is

compromised.

Those

tissues and organs with high energy requirements such

as the heart,

liver, skeletal muscle are ones readily affected when

CoQ10 supply

becomes limiting.

 

Research conducted during 1960s and 1970s clearly

established the role

of CoQ10 as a key component of the mitochondrial

electron transport

system (also known as the respiratory chain) where

biological energy in

the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is produced.

CoQ10 serves as

the critical cofactor for at least three mitochondrial

enzymes enabling

the transfer of electrons between the donors and

recipients. Thus,

CoQ10

plays an essential role in the synthesis of ATP, the

energy that drives

all cellular activities and without which cells cease

to function

(Crane, 2001).

 

In addition to this role, CoQ10 also functions as an

important

fat-soluble antioxidant that can regenerate other

antioxidants and a

membrane stabilizer (Ernster and Dallner, 1995; Crane

2001).

 

CoQ10 deficiency has been observed in various disease

processes such as

congestive heart failure (CHF), cardiomyopathy,

chronic obstructive

pulmonary disease (COPD), acquired immunodeficiency

syndrome (AIDS),

cancer, hypertension, and periodontal disease. The

heart has the

highest

concentration of CoQ10 and it is therefore not

surprising that the

early

clinical trials on the therapeutic potential of CoQ10

focused on heart

disease as the target. Dr. Yuichi Yamamura in Japan

was the first to

demonstrate the clinical efficacy of CoQ in heart

failure as far back

as

in 1967 (Yamamura et al, 1967). Dr. Karl Folkers

followed this up and

in

1985, he along with Dr. Svend Mortensen and his

colleagues demonstrated

a strong correlation between CHF and the tissue levels

of CoQ10

(Mortensen et al, 1985). The original Japanese

findings on the clinical

efficacy of CoQ10 in CHF have now been confirmed in

numerous clinical

trials carried out in several other countries

(Langsjoen and Langsjoen,

1998; 1999). In addition to CHF, there are other

cardiovascular

diseases

that have been successfully treated with CoQ10

supplementation. Among

these are diastolic dysfunction, angina pectoris,

hypertension,

ventricular arrhythmias, mitral valve prolapse and

also drug induced

cardiotoxicities (Sinatra, 1998). In most of these

studies, CoQ10

treatment was employed as an adjunct to standard

medical therapy.

 

Among the other conditions where the therapeutic value

of CoQ10 has

been

demonstrated are diseases involving mitochondrial

dysfunction such as

mitochondrial cytopathies, neurodegenerative diseases

such as

Parkinson’s and Huntington’s, and immune system

disorders (Fuke et al,

2000; Shults et al., 2002).

 

The advent of the new generation of cholesterol

lowering drugs called

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (also known as " statins " )

has brought

forth

a unique and an unexpected interaction with CoQ10.

Statins have become

very popular and are being widely prescribed to lower

cholesterol and

thus reduce the risk for heart disease. These drugs

block cholesterol

production in the body by inhibiting the enzyme called

HMG-CoA

reductase

in the early steps of its synthesis in the mevalonate

pathway. However,

the same biosynthetic pathway is also shared by CoQ10.

Therefore, one

unfortunate consequence of statins is the

unintentional inhibition of

CoQ10 synthesis eventually resulting in CoQ10

deficiency and associated

health problems.

 

Thus, in the long run, statin drugs could predispose

the patients to

heart disease by lowering their CoQ10 status, the very

condition that

these drugs are intended to prevent. Dr. Emile

Bliznakov, an authority

on CoQ10, recently published a scholarly review on the

interaction

between statins and CoQ10 (Bliznakov, 2002, Bliznakov

and Wilkins,

1998). In addition to statins, there are other classes

of drugs that

inhibit endogenous CoQ10 synthesis. Among these are

beta blockers and

hypoglycemic agents. An antagonism between warfarin

and CoQ10 has been

reported (Fuke et al, 2000).

 

Disclaimer. This material has been provided for

information purposes

only and should not be construed as recommendations.

Please consult

your

health care provider first if you have any health

problems.

 

 

 

.. . . The Omega-T™ Advantage

 

--

 

 

Additional References

 

Cardiovascular Benefits Section.

 

Kromhout D, Bosschieter EB, Coulander CDL. The inverse

relation between

fish consumption and 20-year mortality from coronary

heart disease. N

Engl J Med 1985; 312:1205-09

 

Shekell RB, Missell LV, Paul O, et al. Fish

consumption and mortality

from coronary heart disease. N Engl J Med 1985;

313:820

 

Norell SE, Ahlbom A, Feychting M, et al. Fish

consumption and mortality

from coronary heart disease. BMJ 1986; 293:426

 

Knapp HR, FitzGerald GA. The antihypertensive effects

of fish oil: a

controlled study of polyunsaturated fatty acid

supplements in essential

hypertension. N Engl J Med 1989; 320:1037-43

 

Bonaa KH, Bjerve KS, Straume B, et al. Effect of

eicosapentaenoic and

docosahexaenoic acids on blood pressure in

hypertension: a

population-based intervention trial from the Tromso

study. N Engl J Med

1990; 322:795-801

 

Radack K, Deck C, Huster G. The effects of low doses

of n-3 fatty acid

supplementation on blood pressure in hypertensive

subjects: a

randomized

controlled trial. Arch Intern Med 1991; 151:1173-80

 

Coenzyme Q10 Section.

 

Bliznakov EG. The Miracle Nutrient Coenzyme Q10.

Bantam Books, New

York,

1987.

 

Bliznakov EG, Wilkins DJ. Biochemical and clinical

consequences of

coenzyme Q10 biosynthesis by lipid-lowering HMG-CoA

reductase

inhibitors

(statins): A critical review. Adv Therap

1998;15:218-28.

 

Bliznakov, E. G. Lipid-lowering drugs (statins),

cholesterol, and

coenzyme Q10. The Baycol case – a modern Pandora’s

box. Biomed.

Pharmacother., 56, 56, 2002.

 

Crane, F. L. New functions for coenzyme Q.

Protoplasma, 213, 127, 2000.

 

Crane FL, Hatefi Y, Lester RL, Widmer C. Isolation of

a quinone from

beef heart mitochondria. Biochim Biophys Acta

1957;25:220-1.

 

Ernster L, Dallner G. Biochemical, physiological and

medical aspects of

ubiquinone function. Biochim Biophys Acta

1995;1271:195-204.

 

Fuke C, Krikorian SA, Couris RR. Coenzyme Q10: A

review of essential

functions and clinical trials. US Pharmacist

2000;25:1-12.

 

Langsjoen PH, Vadhanavikit S, Folkers K. Response of

patients in

classes

III and IV of cardiomyopathy to therapy in a blind and

crossover trial

with coenzyme Q10. Proc Nat Acad Sci (USA)

1985;82:4240-4.

 

Langsjoen PH, Langsjoen AM. Coenzyme Q10 in

cardiovascular disease with

emphasis on heart failure and myocardial ischemia.

Asia Pacific Heart

J.

1998; 7:160-8.

 

Langsjoen PH, Langsjoen AM. Overview of the use of

CoQ10 in

cardiovascular disease. Biofactors 1999;9:273-84.

 

Mortensen SA, Vadhanavikit S, Baandrup U, Folkers K.

Long-term coenzyme

Q10 therapy: a major advance in the management of

resistant myocardial

failure. Drugs Exp Clin Res 1985;11:581-93.

 

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" Wisdom of the Past, Food of the Future "

 

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