Ginko Biloba and Phosphatidylserine together for enhancing memory and neurotransmission

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" Ginko Biloba " and " Phosphatidylserine " together for enhancing memory and

neurotransmission

 

 

1) Ginkgo-PST

 

Combines standardized, high-potency Ginkgo biloba extract, plus

phosphatidylserine for healthy mental and cognitive function* Acts as a

vasodilator to improve blood circulation in the brain* Contains

phosphatidylserine (PS), which is clinically proven to enhance memory* As

advances in medical technology steadily lengthen the average human life

span, we face the problem of maintaining mental acuity throughout our lives.

In later years many intellectual functions we once took for granted, such as

memory tasks, require more effort and attention. However, maintaining good

nutrition, continuing physical and intellectual activity, and supplementing

our diet with Ginkgo-PST may extend mental acuity for years.*

 

Aging, Environment, and Stress Several factors contribute to weakening

mental function. As we age, the number of brain cells (neurons) steadily

declines, partly because of oxidative damage caused by free radicals.1 The

human brain loses about one-tenth of its mass between ages 20 and 75. Also,

the conductivity of neuron membranes tends to decrease over time due to the

gradual loss of critical phospholipids from the cell membrane and other

structural components.2

 

The brain requires adequate amounts of oxygen and nutrients to function

properly. As we age, our gastrointestinal system absorbs essential nutrients

from food less efficiently, and the circulatory system becomes less

effective in delivering oxygen to the tissues. To function optimally in our

later years, the central nervous system needs help to obtain the nutrients

it needs.

 

Today's environment increasingly subjects us to toxic substances and

pollutants, such as insecticides, solvents, and heavy metals, that can

damage brain tissue. In addition, our physiological response to stress

restricts blood circulation in the brain, thus reducing the supply of oxygen

and nutrients. Long-term stress may permanently damage nerve cells

throughout the brain, particularly the key memory-handling areas of the

cortex and hippocampus.3

 

Ginkgo's Many Health Benefits The Chinese have traditionally used Ginkgo

biloba in herbal form for thousands of years, and an extract of ginkgo

leaves has been used widely for decades in Europe for enhancing memory,

attention span, and other neurological activity.*

 

Ginkgo extract contains a mix of bioflavonoids that provide antioxidant

activity in the brain to fight free-radical damage.4* Its most important

role, however, is enhancing blood circulation throughout the body and

improving oxygenation to the brain.* More oxygen means more efficient use of

other nutrients, which results in better mental performance, memory, and

general cognitive function.*

 

Phosphatidylserine (PS) Phosphatidylserine, or PS, is the ideal complement

to Ginkgo biloba. PS is a component of all cell membranes and is essential

to proper cell function.* It is found in highest concentration in the cell

membrane of neural tissues. As a nutrient, PS easily crosses the blood-brain

barrier into the brain, where it facilitates nerve cell membrane

functions.5-7*

 

More than 25 human clinical studies have been conducted on PS, including at

least 12 double-blind, placebo-controlled trials.8-10 Measurable effects

included enhanced memory, attention, and learning ability.*

 

We can obtain PS in very small amounts from foods like fish, rice, soy

products, and leafy green vegetables. However, a practical way to increase

PS intake is to supplement the diet with Ginkgo-PS.

 

Why Ginkgo-PST? It combines two powerful aids to brain function in a single

supplement. Our company is the only one to combine Ginkgo biloba and

phosphatidylserine into a single product. In addition, we use only

standardized Ginkgo biloba extract. The high quality of our Ginkgo biloba

extract combined with PS gives Ginkgo-PS clear advantages over other ginkgo

products on the market.

 

Combined with a program of maintaining good overall nutrition and regular

physical and mental exercise, Ginkgo-PS can help you maintain full mental

acuity and extend the enjoyment of your life for years.

 

Ginkgo-PS is laboratory tested, potency guaranteed. Meets USP specifications

for uniformity and disintegration where applicable.

 

* These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug

Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or

prevent any disease.

 

REFERENCES

 

1. Kontos, HA. Circ. Res. 1985; 57:508-16.

2. Calderini, G, et al., Neurochem. Res. 1983; 8:483-92.

3. Sapolsky, RM. Stress. 1996; 1: 1-19.

4. Pietri, S, et al., J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. 1997 29:733-42.

5. Nizzo, M, et al., J. Neural Trans. 1978; 43:93-102.

6. Argentiero, V. and B. Tavolato. J. Neurol. 1980; 224: 53-58.

7. Toffano, G, Battistella, A and P. Orlando. Clin. Trials. J. 1987; 24:

18-24.

8. Crook, Psychopharmacol Bul. 1992. 28:61-66.

9. Crook, Neurology, 1991. 41:644-49.

10. Crook, T and Badderly, B, The Memory Cure, 1998. Pocket Books: New York.

pp.64-69.

 

Take four (4) Ginkgo-PS tablets daily spread evenly throughout the day, or

as is convenient.

 

 

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2) Phosphatidylserine (PS)

 

Phosphatidylserine (PS) is one of four different phospholipids which are

components of all cell membranes. The most abundant phospholipid is

phosphatidylcholine (also known as lecithin). The membranes of nerve cells

are particularly high in PS. It increases the fluidity of the cell membrane

and improves the entry of nutrients and the elimination of wastes.1 Proper

membrane integrity is essential for maintenance of the cell's internal

environment, signal transduction and secretory vesicle release. Over 25

human clinical studies have been done with PS, including at least 12 double

blind placebo controlled trials.2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 Most of these studies

involved mature patients with existing, measurable losses in memory,

judgment, abstract thought, and other high mental functions. Normal memory

loss begins to occur as early as 30 years, and PS supplementation starting

at this age has been proposed to slow age-related memory impairment (AAMI).

When used in persons 50 years and older who have experienced " normal " AAMI,

PS improved the cognitive age of subjects by roughly 12 years.3 Sources and

Recommended Intake

 

No Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) has been established for PS.

Phospholipids are present in virtually all vegetable and animal foods.

Wheatgerm, soybeans, peanuts, eggs and liver are very rich sources. Doses as

low as 100 mg per day have been tested clinically, but most clinical testing

of PS was usually performed with dosages of 300 mg/d, with one study using

800 mg/d for 10 days9. No adverse effects have been reported using these

intakes. Abstracts

 

Crook TH, Tinklenberg J, Yesavage J, Petrie W, Nunzi MG, Massari DC. Effects

of phosphatidylserine in age-associated memory impairment. Neurology 1991

May;41(5):644-9. We treated 149 patients meeting criteria for age-associated

memory impairment (AAMI) for 12 weeks with a formulation of

phosphatidylserine (100 mg BC-PS tid) or placebo. Patients treated with the

drug improved relative to those treated with placebo on performance tests

related to learning and memory tasks of daily life. Analysis of clinical

subgroups suggested that persons within the sample who performed at a

relatively low level prior to treatment were most likely to respond to

BC-PS. Within this subgroup, there was improvement on both computerized and

standard neuropsychological performance tests, and also on clinical global

ratings of improvement. The results suggest that the compound may be a

promising candidate for treating memory loss in later life.

 

Crook T, Petrie W, Wells C, Massari DC. Effects of phosphatidylserine in

Alzheimer's disease. Psychopharmacol Bull 1992;28(1):61-6. We studied 51

patients meeting clinical criteria for probable Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Patients were treated for 12 weeks with a formulation of bovine cortex

phosphatidylserine (BC-PS; 100 mg t.i.d.) or placebo, and those treated with

the drug improved on several cognitive measures relative to those

administered placebo. Differences between treatment groups were most

apparent among patients with less severe cognitive impairment. Results

suggest that phosphatidylserine may be a promising candidate for study in

the early stages of AD.

 

References

 

Toffano, G., Battistella and Orlgando. Clinical Trials Journal, 1987; 24

18-24 Crook, T., Petrie, W., Wells, C., Massari, D.C., " Effects of

phosphatidylserine in Alzheimer's disease. " Psychopharmacol. Bull., 1992;

28: 61-6. Crook, T.H., Tinklenberg, J., Yesavage, J., Petrie, W., Nunzi,

M.G., Massari, D.C., " Effects of phosphatidylserine in age-associated memory

impairment. " Neurology, 1991; 41 644-9. Clinical Trials Journal, 1987; 24

84-93. Aging Clin. Exp. Res.,1993; 5: 123-33. Masturzo, P., Murialdo, G., de

Palma, D., Filippi, U., Balbi, D., Bonura ,M.L., Toffano, G., Polleri ,A.,

" TSH circadian secretions in aged men and effect of phosphatidylserine

treatment. " Chronobiologia, 1990; 17:267-74. La Clinica Therapeutica, 1987;

120: 33-6. Neuroendocrinol., 1990; 52: 243-8. European Journal of Clinical

Pharmacology, 1992; 41: 385-8