ISIS: Water Remembers? Homeopathy Explained?

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ISIS: Water Remembers? Homeopathy Explained?

The Institute of Science in Society

http://www.i-sis.org.uk

 

Science Society Sustainability

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Water Remembers? Homeopathy Explained?

 

New research suggests water remembers what has been dissolved in it,

even after dilution beyond the point where no molecule of the

original substances could remain. <m.w.hoDr.

Mae-Wan Ho reports.

 

For more than a century, practitioners of homeopathy have used highly

diluted solutions of medicinal substances to treat diseases. Some

substances are diluted way beyond the point at which no trace of the

original substances could remain. It is as though the water has

retained memory of the departed molecules. This has aroused a great

deal of scepticism within the conventional medical and scientific

community. To this day, Îhomeopathicâ is used as a term of derision,

to indicate something imagined that has no reality.

 

But a series of recent discoveries in the conventional scientific

community is making people think again.

 

First, there were the South Korean chemists who discovered two years

ago that molecules dissolved in water clump together as they get more

diluted (see <http://www.i-sis.org.uk/isisnews/sis15.php>SiS 15),

which was totally unexpected; and further more, the size of the

clumps depends on the history of dilution, making a mockery of the

Îlaws of chemistryâ.

 

Now, physicist Louis Rey in Lausanne, Switzerland, has published a

paper in the mainstream journal, Physica A, describing experiments

that suggest water does have a memory of molecules that have been

diluted away, as can be demonstrated by a relatively new physical

technique that measures thermoluminescence.

 

In this technique, the material is Îactivatedâ by irradiation at low

temperature, with UV, X-rays, electron beams, or other high-energy

sub-atomic particles. This causes electrons to come loose from the

atoms and molecules, creating Îelectron-hole pairsâ that become

separated and trapped at different energy levels.

 

Then, when the irradiated material is warmed up, it releases the

absorbed energy and the trapped electrons and holes come together and

recombine. This causes the release of a characteristic glow of light,

peaking at different temperatures depending on the magnitude of the

separation between electron and hole.

 

As a general rule, the phenomenon is observed in crystals with an

ordered arrangement of atoms and molecules, but it is also seen in

disordered materials such as glasses. In this mechanism,

imperfections in the atomic/molecular lattice are considered to be

the sites at which luminescence appears.

 

Rey decided to use the technique to investigate water, starting with

heavy water or deuterium oxide thatâs been frozen into ice at a

temperature of 77K. The absolute temperature scale (degree K, after

Lord Kelvin) is used in science. (The zero degree K is equivalent to

ö273 C, and deuterium is an isotope of hydrogen which is twice as

heavy as hydrogen).

 

As the ice warms up, a first peak of luminescence appears near 120K,

and a second peak near 166 K. Heavy water gives a much stronger

signal than water. In both cases, samples that were not irradiated

gave no signals at all.

 

For both water and heavy water, the relative intensity of the

thermoluminescence depends on the irradiation dose. There has been a

suggestion that peak 2 comes from the hydrogen-bonded network within

ice, whereas peak 1 comes from the individual molecules. This was

confirmed by looking at a totally different material that is known to

present strong hydrogen bonds, which showed a similar glow in the

peak 2 region, but nothing in peak 1.

 

Rey then investigated what would happen when he dissolved some

chemicals in the water and diluted it in steps of one hundred fold

with vigorous stirring (as in the preparation of homeopathic

remedies), until he reached a concentration of 10 to the power -30 g

per centilitre, and compare that to the control that has not had any

chemical dissolved in it and diluted in the same way.

 

The samples were frozen and activated with irradiation as usual.

 

Much to his surprise, when lithium chloride, LiCl, a chemical that

would be expected to break hydrogen bonds between water molecules was

added, and then diluted away, the thermoluminescent glow became

reduced, but the reduction of peak 2 was greater relative to peak 1.

Sodium chloride, NaCl, had the same effect albeit to a lesser degree.

 

It appears, therefore, that substances like LiCl and NaCl can modify

the hydrogen-bonded network of water, and that this modification

remains even when the molecules have been diluted away.

 

The fact that this Îmemoryâ remains, in spite of, or because of

vigorous stirring or shaking at successive dilutions, indicates that

the Îmemoryâ is by no means static, but depends on a dynamic process,

perhaps a collective quantum excitation of water molecules that has a

high degree of stability (see " The strangeness of water and

homeopathic memory " , <http://www.i-sis.org.uk/isisnews/sis15.php>SiS

15).

 

Source

 

Rey L. Thermoluminescence of ultra-high dilutions of lithium chloride

and sodium chloride. Physica A 2003, 323, 67-74.

 

Living with the Fluid Genome

 

By <m.w.hoMae-Wan Ho, ISIS-TWN, London & Penang,

ISBN: 0-9544923-0-7, 2003.

 

Inside story from a scientist who has warned that genetic engineering

is both dangerous and futile. Tells you why the whole biotech

enterprise - from GM crops to gene drugs and human cloning ö is a

phenomenal waste of public finance and scientific imagination, and

what it means to be living with the fluid genome.

 

Soon to be on sale in bookstores, and still available from

<http://www.i-sis.org.uk/onlinestore/index.php>ISISâ on-line

bookstore

 

Details here.

 

Some words of mouth

 

" Probably the most disturbing book of recent times, on a par with

Rachel Carsonâs Silent Spring. Opens the lid on the intellectual

corruption of Western science. " Noel Lynch, Green Member of the

London Assembly, UK

 

" This book serves a need to describe the obvious to literate and

astute masses! As educators, we need to critically analyse our

failure to convey the fundamental biological insight of life as a

continuum to our students. " R.H. Richardson, Professor of Integrative

Biology, University of Texas, Austin, USA

 

" A trenchant, lucid and thrilling account of how a multi-billion

industry has been built on fraudulent concepts. " Caroline Clarke,

Concerned Citizens of Burnhams, UK

 

" An excellent scientific summary; explains in laypersonâs language

the differences between GM and non-GM DNA, the problems of GM, and

how GM has come from a flawed, narrow, reductionist concept of a

static genetic structure. It brings to life the reality of the fluid

genome as part of the dynamic, integrated whole. " Margaret Stronach,

Friends of the Earth, Wokingham, UK

 

" Mae-Wan Ho is the tenacious champion of a heretical science that is

fast-becoming the mainstream. " Dr. Finn Bowring, School of Social

Sciences, Cardiff University, UK

 

" An exposŽ of the risks of genetic engineering and a warning to

developing countries that new technologies are not necessarily

beneficial, appropriate or needed. " Martin Khor, Director, Third

World Network

 

" This enlightening book takes you through the theoretical and

empirical evidence on why we must totally reject the creation of

Frankenstein foods. " Edward Goldsmith, Founding Editor of The

Ecologist.

 

 

 

This article can be found on the I-SIS website at

<http://www.i-sis.org.uk/WaterRemembers.php>http://www.i-

sis.org.uk/WaterRem

embers.php

 

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