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Indology refers to the academic study of the languages, texts, history

and cultures of the Indian subcontinent, and as such a subset of Asian

studies.

 

Indology may also be known as Indic studies or Indian studies, or

South Asian studies, although scholars and university administrators

sometimes have only partially overlapping interpretations of these terms.

 

Indology would not typically include the study of contemporary

economy, government, or politics of South Asia, except insofar as

these express issues that are deeply embedded in South Asian history,

and may be illuminated by indological methods and insights.

Contents

[hide]

 

* 1 Overview

o 1.1 Indologie

* 2 History

* 3 Professional literature and associations

* 4 Prominent Indologists

* 5 References

* 6 Further reading

* 7 Publication series

* 8 See also

* 9 External links

 

[edit] Overview

 

Indology overlaps to some extent with many other areas of study,

applying their techniques to the South Asian case. These include

cultural or social anthropology, cultural studies, historical

linguistics, philology, textual criticism, literary history, history,

philosophies and the study of the religions of South Asia, such as the

Vedic religion, Hinduism, including Shaivism and Vaishnavism (both of

which are versions of what is commonly called " Hinduism " ), Jainism,

Buddhism, Sikhism, folk and tribal religions, etc., besides the

indigenous forms of Judaism, Zoroastrianism, Christianity and Islam in

South Asia.

 

Finally it may include the study of South Asian sciences, arts,

architecture, agriculture (vá¹›ksÄyurveda), martial arts, etc.

 

Scholars who call themselves Indologists often place special value on

a thorough knowledge of the languages of India, especially the

classical languages such as Sanskrit, PÄli, Prakrit, or classical

Tamil, or Persian, and they consider a knowledge of one or more of

these languages, coupled with a knowledge of the methods of philology,

to be a prerequisite for contributing meaningfully to the indological

research and a characteristic feature of Indology as a field.

 

Thus, Indology is the intellectual pursuit of all things Indic, with a

focus on the interpretation of the past and its outcomes in the

present. Some scholars distinguish Classical Indology from Modern

Indology, the former more focussed on Sanskrit and other ancient

language sources, the latter making more use of contemporary language

sources and sociological approaches.

 

The term Indology or (in German) Indologie is often associated with

German scholarship, and is used more commonly in departmental titles

in German and continental European universities than in the anglophone

academy.

 

[edit] Indologie

 

Indologie in the Netherlands was the study of history, literature and

philosophy of Indonesia. The study prepared Dutchmen for colonial

civil service in the Netherlands Indies. It was taught in Delft and

Utrecht.[citation needed]

 

[edit] History

 

The beginnings of Indology date back to the Iranian anthropologist and

historian AbÅ« RayhÄn al-BÄ«rÅ«nÄ« (973-1048).[1] In his Kitab fi Tahqiq

ma l'il-Hind (Researches on India), he not only recorded the political

history of India and military history of India, but also covered

India's cultural, scientific, social and religious history in

detail.[2] He was also the first to study the anthropology of India,

engaging in extensive participant observation with various Indian

groups, learning their languages and studying their primary texts, and

presenting his findings with objectivity and neutrality using

cross-cultural comparisons.[3]

 

In the wake of 18th century pioneers like Henry Thomas Colebrooke or

August Wilhelm Schlegel, Indology as an academic subject emerges in

the 19th century, in the context of British India, together with Asian

studies in general affected by the romantic Orientalism of the time.

The Société Asiatique was founded in 1822, the Royal Asiatic Society

in 1824, the American Oriental Society in 1842, and the German

Oriental Society (Deutsche Morgenländische Gesellschaft) in 1845, the

Japanese Association of Indian and Buddhist Studies [1] in 1949.

 

Systematic study and editorial activity of Sanskrit literature became

possible with the St. Petersburg Sanskrit-Wörterbuch during the 1850s

to 1870s. Translations of major Hindu texts in the Sacred Books of the

East began in 1879. Otto von Bohtlingk's edition of Panini's grammar

appeared in 1887. Max Müller's edition of the Rigveda appeared in

1849-75. In 1897, Sergey Oldenburg launched a systematic edition of

key Sanskrit texts, " Bibliotheca Buddhica " .

 

[edit] Professional literature and associations

 

Indologists typically attend conferences such as the American

Association of Asian Studies, the American Oriental Society annual

conference, the World Sanskrit Conference, and national-level meetings

in the UK, Germany, India, Japan, France and elsewhere.

 

They may routinely read and write in journals such as 'Indo-Iranian

Journal [2], Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society [3], Journal of the

American Oriental Society [4], Journal asiatique [5], the Journal of

the German Oriental Society (ZDMG) [6], Wiener Zeitschrift für die

Kunde Südasiens [7], Journal of Indian Philosophy [8], Annals of the

Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, " Journal of Indian and

Buddhist Studies " (Indogaku Bukkyogaku Kenkyu), Bulletin de l'Ecole

Français d'Extrême Orient [9], and others.

 

They may be members of such professional bodies as the American

Oriental Society, the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and

Ireland, the Société Asiatique, the Deutsche MorgenlÄndische

Gesellschaft and others.

 

[edit] Prominent Indologists

 

Famous Indologists include:

 

Deceased

 

* Dr.D.C.Varshney (1933-2000)

* AbÅ« RayhÄn al-BÄ«rÅ«nÄ« (973-1048)

* Anquetil Duperron (1731-1805)

* William Jones (1746-1794)

* Charles Wilkins (1749-1836)

* Colin Mackenzie (1753-1821)

* Henry Thomas Colebrooke (1765-1837)

* August Wilhelm Schlegel (1767-1845)

* James Mill (1773-1836).

* Horace Hayman Wilson (1786-1860)

* Franz Bopp (1791-1867)

* Robert Caldwell (1814 -1891)

* Alexander Cunningham (1814-1893)

* Hermann Gundert (1814-1893)

* Robert Caldwell (1815-1891)

* Otto von Bohtlingk (1815-1904)

* Monier Monier-Williams (1819-1899)

* Rudolf Roth (1821-1893)

* Max Müller (1823-1900)

* Albrecht Weber (1825-1901)

* Ralph T. H. Griffith (1826-1906)

* Ferdinand Kittel (1832-1903)

* Edwin Arnold (1832-1904)

* Georg Bühler (1837-1898)

* Julius Eggeling (1842-1918)

* Vincent Smith (1848-1920)

* Hermann Jacobi (1850-1937)

* K. A. Nilakanta Sastri (1892-1975)

* Kashinath Trimbak Telang (1850-1893)

* Frederick Eden Pargiter (1852-1897)

* Hermann Oldenberg (1854-1920)

* Arthur Anthony McDonell (1854-1930)

* Maurice Bloomfield (1855-1928)

* Mark Aurel Stein (1862-1943)

* Moriz Winternitz (1863-1937)

* Fyodor Shcherbatskoy (1866-1942)

* John Hubert Marshall (1876-1958)

* Arthur Berriedale Keith (1879-1944)

* Pandurang Vaman Kane (1880-1972)

* Pierre Johanns (1882-1955)

* Heinrich Zimmer (1890-1943)

* Mortimer Wheeler (1890-1976)

* James Darmesteter (1849-1894)

* Mahapandit Rahul Sankrityayan (1893-1963)

* Dasharatha Sharma (1903-1976)

* Joseph Campbell (1904-1987)

* Murray Barnson Emeneau (1904-2005)

* Paul Thieme (1905-2001)

* Jean Filliozat (1906-1982)

* Alain Danielou (1907-1994)

* F B J Kuiper (1907-2003)

* Thomas Burrow (1909-1986)

* Arthur Llewellyn Basham (1914-1986)

 

Living

 

* Ram Sharan Sharma (b. 1919), Founding Chairperson of Indian

Council of Historical Research; Professor Emeritus, Patna University

* Ahmad Hasan Dani (b.1920)

* George L. Hart, University of California, Berkeley

* Bhadriraju Krishnamurti (b. 1928), Osmania University

* Jeffrey Moussaieff Masson(b.1941)

* Iravatham Mahadevan, Indian Council of Historical Research

* Axel Michaels (b.1949), University of Heidelberg

* Asko Parpola (b. 1941), University of Helsinki (emeritus)

* Romila Thapar (b. 1931), Jawaharlal Nehru University (emerita)

* Michael Witzel (b. 1943), Harvard University

* Stanley Wolpert

* Kamil Zvelebil (b. 1927), University of Utrecht (emeritus)

* Dr.Surendra Kaur Varshney (b.1944),founded D.C.Varshney

Institute of Indology(http://spirituallegalism.co.in) and has written

over 200 books.

 

[edit] References

 

1. ^ Zafarul-Islam Khan, At The Threshold Of A New Millennium †" II,

The Milli Gazette.

2. ^ M. S. Khan (1976). " al-Biruni and the Political History of

India " , Oriens 25, p. 86-115.

3. ^ Akbar S. Ahmed (1984), " Al-Beruni: The First Anthropologist " ,

RAIN 60: 9-10

 

[edit] Further reading

 

* Heinz Bechert, Georg von Simson - Einführung in die Indologie.

Stand, Methoden, Aufgaben - ISBN 3-534-05466-0.

* Jean Filliozat and Louis Renou - L'inde classique - ISBN B0000DLB66.

* Grundriss der Indo-Arischen Philologie und Altertumskunde,

Berlin und Leipzig, Vereinigung wissenschaftlicher verleger, 1920

 

* Bryant, Edwin. The Quest for the origins of Vedic culture.

(2001) Oxford University Press

* Chakrabarti, Dilip: Colonial Indology, 1997, Munshiram

Manoharlal: New Delhi.

* Halbfass, W. India and Europe: An Essay in Understanding. SUNY

Press, Albany: 1988

* Edmund Leach. " Aryan Invasions Over Four Millennia. In " Culture

Through Time (edited by Emiko Ohnuki-Tierney, Stanford University

Press, 1990)

* Gauri Viswanathan, 1989, Masks of Conquest

* Pollock, Sheldon. Deep Orientalism?: Notes on Sanskrit and Power

Beyond the Raj. In: Orientalism and the Postcolonial Predicament:

Perspectives on South Asia, eds. Carol A. Breckenridge and Peter van

der Veer. Philadelphia:University of Pennsylvania Press, 1993.

* Trautmann, Thomas. 1997. Aryans and British India, University of

California Press, Berkeley.

* Vogel, C. (ed.). Literatur und Kultur, zur Geschichte der

Sanskritphilologie, Wiesbaden 1977

* Windisch, E. Geschichte der sanskrit-philologie und indischen

altertumskunde. Strassburg. Trübner, K.J., 1917-1920

 

[edit] Publication series

 

* Sri Garib Dass Oriental Serie (Sri Satguru Publications)

* Bibliotheca Indo-Buddhica Series (Sri Satguru Publications),

 

etc. Template:Additions, quotations

 

[edit] See also

 

* Dravidian studies

* Greater India

* Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Pune

* Sanskrit

* Sanskrit in the West

* Buddhism in the West

* Sinology

* Indomania

 

[edit] External links

 

* www.indology.net

* www.indology.info

* http;//www.indianbookscentre.com

* http;//www.indologystudies.blogspot.com

* http;//www.srisatgurupublications.blogspot.com

* SARDS 2: Database containing bibliographic references to South

Asia research articles

* The Veda as Studied by European Scholars (Gifford Lectures Online)

 

Institutes

 

* Heidelberg

* Halle

* Mainz

* French Institute of Pondicherry

* Tübingen

* Zürich