July 6, 1775: the Boyd Chart is an American chart, BUT not the USA Chart

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A Declaration of Reconciliation Is Not a Declaration of War [ Sorry, Helen Boyd ]

Background

By the time that the Second Continental Congress met in Philadelphia, May 10, 1775, England had not repealed the Coercive Acts and had, indeed, made matters substantially worse. Various acts of war had already occured, most notably the Battles at Concord and Lexington, Massachusetts on April 18 & 19, 1775, followed by the Battle of Bunker Hill, Boston on June 17, 1775. Largely in reaction to these events, on May 26, 1775 Congress first voted a Resolve to put the Colonies in a state of defense; thereby augmenting the scope of The Association, the union first established among the American colonies on October 20, 1774. Henceforth, these colonies became truly the United Colonies of North America. Then further, Congress moved to consolidate various colonial armed forces (militia) under the banner of the Continental Army, and so voted that Resolve on June 14; followed by the appointment of George Washington as commander in chief of the "Army of the United Colonies," that

voted Resolve on June 15; then Washington was formally commissioned on June 17. Washington first assumed duties as the Commander-in-Chief in the theater of battle on Sunday evening, July 2, 1775, in Cambridge, Massachusetts. [sun at midnight conjunct Star Sirius, exact within arc minutes.]

Boyd's (so-called) USA Chart

Days after Congress voted the Resolve to publish the Dickinson/Jefferson drafted Declaration on the Causes of Taking Up Arms, on the evening of July 6, 1775. And so it should be noted: the Boyd USA Chart for this event is fallacious, as it is wrong on two counts: (1) Boyd's rectified time of 11:00 hours is off by 7 or 8 hours; the Resolve of Congress was enacted at the end of the afternoon session, roughly between 18:00 and 19:00 hours. (2) The mundane event in question is that of an offer of the proverbial 'olive branch', a declaration of desired reconciliation; not at all whatsoever signifying a declaration of war so enacted.

"Sovereign Independence", the defining characteristic of the State, was declared in Philadelphia almost a year later, when the American People ("Resident adult Caucasian property-holding males) thru their political action conventions in the 13 colonies, following on democratic vote, so instructed their delegates to Congress to VOTE INDEPENDENCE, which their delegates did on July 2, 1776. Unlike the U.K. where sovereignty has resided in the "Crown in Parliament" since 1688, sovereignty in the USA from July 2, 1776 until the close of the American Civil War resided in the "People" of each of the States. Then after the Civil War, in the People of the nation as one sovereign polity.

Declaration on the Causes of Taking Up Arms was a declaratory effort whose intent is unproblematically characterized as one of "reconciliation", not as one of a "declaration of war". [Refer to the Journals and Letters excerpted, here below.] Warfare there was, no doubt, at that time. However, strictly speaking, from the point of view of the Americans, with the debarking and forced march of British troops from Boston Harbor the conflict which commenced on the evening of Aprill 18, 1775 (combat's start, very early April 19) was a civil war with Great Britain's government, Not a war with that government's and the Americans' sovereign, the British State in the person of George III. Only a year later, on July 2, 1776, with sovereign independence finally declared was it to be forever recognized that by this Congressional Resolve, duly authorized by the instructions of the conventions of the people in each of the colonies, what had been until then a civil

war thereby became a revolutionary war between the sovereign State of George III's Britain and the united sovereign States of America.

Oddly enough, still three months after the battles at Concord and Lexington, the mood of the people remained poised for reconcilation through a removal of grievances and a rectification of wrongs; the war was still seen in terms of asserting American rights not yet fully recognized, against the usurpations of Parliament rather than in terms of seeking independence from the sovereignty of George III. As well at that time and after, men in England, like Edmund Burke, continued to argue in Parliament for reconciliation and repeal of sanctions against the colonies of North America.

Witness the will for reconciliation: that almost 6 months after the issuance of the Declaration on the Causes of Taking Up Arms, the Continental Army adopted the first truly American flag, raised personally by George Washington in ceremony on January 2, 1776. [Congress later adopted The Stars and Stripes on June 14, 1777; this event and that of the founding of the Army on June 14, 1775 are still commemorated annually on June 14, as Flag Day and the birthday of the U.S. Army]. This first flag testified to the still continuing loyalty of Americans as sovereign subjects of George III. The banner's symbols undoubtedly suggested only union with the British Empire: it was, in fact, the flag of the East India Company, a privately controlled international mercantile corporation, based in England . The flag's symbols were essentially the Union Jack ("Grand Union Flag of Great Britain") in the upper left-hand field on a background displaying thirteen stripes for

the united colonies. All this is quite understandable given that the Americans still had no reason to doubt that the King might soon intervene on their behalf to restrain Parliament.

Only with the same day concurrence of two events on Monday, January 8, 1776 did the realization first dawn on the American public that in the eyes of George III, the civil war was indeed irrevocably revolutionary and outlaw. On January 8, 1776, notably enough on the very day that Thomas Paine published in Philadelphia the first edition of his COMMON SENSE, on this historic January 8 did copies of George III's speech of October 26, 1775 reach the American public, a speech condemning the Americans and their civil war, accusing them of sedition, rebellion and more. That infamous speech and Thomas Paine's famous essay were the major ideological factors in what eventually caused America, six months later, to choose Independence, and to reject reconciliation. As the following two astrological estimated indicators suggest, the thesis of Joseph Lewis' 1947 book, THOMAS PAINE, AUTHOR OF THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENCE, becomes something of valid historical possibility deserving of a second

look.

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COMMON SENSE's Moon/Lagna exactly conjuncts A DECLARATION's Lagna/Moon __________________

Published*: COMMON SENSE: January 8, 1776 (09:51:33 est.)

[ Moon: 28.Cancer.13 (6th House); Lagna: 15. Aquarius.09 ]

[ (*) Histories often erroneously date this as first published on the 9th, when first advertised,or on the 10th, when the printing presses were first working overtime to fill orders. ]____________________

Published*: A DECLARATION of Independence: July 5, 1776, (07:36:48 est.)

[ Lagna: 28.Cancer.13; Moon 15.Aquarius.09 (7th House) ]

[ (*) Declaration's contents, its text, approved by the Resolve voted, late morning of July 4th. The Dunlap Broadside, printer's proof copy: authenticated by Jefferson, the Sub-committee of Five Chairman, "after breakfast", July 5th. Hence, first published then. ] _____________

__

Journals of the Continental Congress, 1774-1789THURSDAY, JULY 6, 1775

The Congress met according to (yesterday’s) adjournment, and resumed the consideration of the address to the Inhabitants of G-B, which after some debate, was re-committed (ie postponed a day in order to finish up the Declaration on the Causes of Taking Up Arms.

[ Biting remark: THE TEXT OF THE DECLARATION CONSTITUTES VIRTUALLY THE ENTIRE JOURNAL ENTRY FOR THIS HISTORIC THURSDAY. As later recorded by John Adams, this particular "whole Day" was spent getting to the final approval. A whole day in this Era typically was comprised of a Morning Session: 9:00 am until 2:00pm and an Afternoon Session: 4:00 pm until 6 or 7:00 pm. To be sure, well beyond 11:00 am., Helen ! ]

The committee, to whom the Declaration was re-committed, brought in the same, which being read, was taken into consideration, and being debated by paragraphs, was approved.

Letter: John Adams to William Tudor

"Dear Sir, Philadelphia July 6. 1775"

"I have at last the Pleasure of acknowledging your Favor of the 26 June".

(***** Helen Boyd didn’t mention this John Adams Letter in her choice of rectification time of 11:00 am, given the contents of the next paragraph: referring to "this whole Day" before the Declaration was finally adopted *****)

"We have Spent this whole Day in debating Paragraph by Paragraph, a Manifesto as some call it, or a Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of our taking up Arms.(1) It will be printed Tomorrow, and shall be transmitted as Soon as possible".

Editor’s Comment: Adams recalled these divisions in his autobiography, where his most bitter comments centered on the Olive Branch Petition to the King, dated July 5, 1775:

"This Measure of Imbecility, the second Petition to the King embarrassed every Exertion of Congress: it occasioned Motions and debates without End for appointing Committees to draw up A DECLARATION of the Causes, Motives, and Objects of taking Arms, with a view TO OBTAIN DECISIVE DECLARATIONS "AGAINST INDEPENDENCE" & c. In the Mean time the New England Army investing Boston, the New England Legislatures, Congresses and Conventions, and the whole Body of the People, were left, without Munitions of War, without Arms, Clothing, Pay or even Countenance and Encouragement." Adams, Diary (Butterfield), 3: 321.

Letter from N.Y. Delegation to their New York Provincial Congress:

Gentlemen Philadelphia, 6 July, 1775

We have the honor of your Favor of the 29th of June accompanying your Plan and Proceedings respecting an Accommodation with the parent state.

Deeply sensible of the Calamities of a civil war, we have nothing more at Heart than to be instrumental in compromising this unnatural Quarrel between the two Countries, on the solid Basis of mutual Justice and constitutional Liberty; and the most strenuous Efforts on our part shall be exerted with unremitting Ardor to accomplish this salutary Purpose.

Henry Wisner, Phil. LivingstonWm Floyd, Jas. DuaneJohn Jay, Robert R Livingston Jr.

Letter: Roger Sherman to Joseph Trumbull

Dear Sir Philadelphia July 6th. 1775

The Congress are very diligent in making every needful provision in their power for the Support of the American Cause at the Same time do not Neglect any probable means for a reconciliation with Great Britain

Letter: Samuel Ward to Henry Ward

Dear Brother Philadelphia 6th July 1775

The Congress however have determined to petition the King once more, under the Idea, that if it should be rejected, those moderate People who now keep back will, when they find no Hopes but in the Success of a War, most heartily unite with Us in prosecuting it effectually. Another Address to the People of England is also determined upon. It is proposed to send this by Mr. Richard. Penn, the late Governor of this Province, who sails the latter End of this Week. This Gentleman. is a sincere Friend to his Country, a Man of good Sense & Firmness, and determined to speak with the same Freedom at home which he uses here.

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