Guest guest Posted May 21, 2006 Report Share Posted May 21, 2006 Dear RK ji, Thanks for the directions. I found the follwing in one of my collections from the net. I don't remember from where I collected it. But my regards to the person who listed them. I think it is time that I should give a serious look at it. ================================================================ 10 tips for better writing -------------------------- The following list of tips should help you to avoid some of the most common slip-ups. 1. Capitals: Avoid the temptation to capitalize words in the middle of a sentence Just To Provide Emphasis Like This. If you want to be more emphatic consider using bold face, italics, color or larger text. 2. Commas: The most common use of the comma is to join together short sentences to make a single longer sentence. We do this with one of the following small joining words: and, or, but, yet, for, nor, or so. For example: We have finished the work, and we are looking forward to the weekend. Notice that the two halves of this sentence could each be sentences in their own right. They thus need to be separated with a comma and joining word. In the next example, though, we don't need a comma: We have finished the work and are looking forward to the weekend. The halves of that sentence could not stand alone, so no comma was used. 3. Ellipsis: The ellipsis is a series of three -- and ONLY THREE -- full stops used to mark missing words, an uncertain pause, or an abrupt interruption. Avoid the temptation to use six or seven dots -- it looks amateurish. For example, we write: Niles: But Miss Fine's age is only ... Fran: Young! Miss Fine's age is only young! 4. Excessive punctuation: Only one exclamation mark or question mark should be used at a time. Consider the following over-punctuated examples: Buy now!!! Great bargains!!!!!!!!!! Excessive punctuation looks too much like hysteria and detracts from your credibility. Avoid it. 5. Headings: For long works, establish a clear hierarchy of headings. Microsoft Word's heading styles are great for this. (They also allow you to automatically create a table of contents.) 6. Hyphenating prefixes:Most prefixes don't need a hyphen; i.e. we write " coexist " , not " co-exist " . There are exceptions, though. The prefixes " self- " and " ex- " are almost always hyphenated. 7. Numbers:Numbers of ten or less are normally written as words. 8. Quotation marks: Users of American English should use double quotes ( " " ). Users of British English should choose either single quotes (' ') or double quotes and stick with them for the whole document. Incidentally, British English usage is increasingly moving towards single quotes. 9. Spaces: Modern style is to use a single space at the end of a sentence, not two. Also, most punctuation marks (e.g. commas, full stops, question marks) are not preceded by a space. 10.Tables: Set table text one or two points smaller than the main body text and in a sans-serif font such as Arial or Verdana. Avoid vertical lines as they tend to add unnecessary clutter. Armed with these simple guidelines, your business writing should be well received every time. Good luck! ============================================================= I am posting it here because I think that it may help many, like it helped me. Love, Sreenadh , " Sreenadh " <sreesog wrote: > > Dear RK ji, > > Uh, the many notes of interrogation compounded by those of > > exclamation. > I am not that good in English, and is just learning to express my > thought in it. Child's mistakes - since I am still seeking for my > true style of words. I am suffering of poor vocabulary, indigested > words, and mal nutrition as far as English is concerned. > May be you too can guide me in this regard. > Love, > Sreenadh > > , " arkaydash " > <arkaydash@> wrote: > > > > My dear Shreenadhji, > > As I size you up from feet upward I see this. > > > > " Trying to transilate them is a herculian task - and who is going > to > > publish them? They are already born children - and in mean time > more > > children take birth as well! What should I do??!!!!! " > > > > Uh, the many notes of interrogation compounded by those of > > exclamation. Well, your true-borns can be rendered 'dwija'. Four > are > > quite many though. By and by we can make it. > > > > RK > > > > > > > > > > , sree nadh > > <sreesog@> wrote: > > > > > > Dear RK ji, > > > I have only the samples collected from every where, and note > > many of those horas. > > > Yes, for sure we can share those samples. > > > I will start a try in some of the coming mails. > > > > > > P.S.: I am trying to make things systematic. That is - > > > First on schools - Then we would have an idea about the depths > > we are looking to. > > > Then about the methods (of interpretation) - Let us make them > > systematic too. > > > Yes, some where in between, the point put forward by you is > also > > very important - so I will give it prime importance too. > > > > > > ==> > > > These then are some of the articles you have published. Share > > with > > > the forum some of your other publihed work. > > > <== > > > No! These are articles now written for this forum alone - They > > are now published articles. Most of my published works (not much - > > only 4 books) are in malayalam - and would be no use to you. Trying > > to transilate them is a herculian task - and who is going to > publish > > them? They are already born children - and in mean time more > > children take birth as well ! What should I do??!!!!! > > > Love, > > > Sreenadh > > > > > > > > > arkaydash <arkaydash@> wrote: > > > Dear S-ji > > > > > > These then are some of the articles you have published. Share > with > > > the forum some of your other publihed work. Pls move on to more > > > ready-to-use material. > > > I have a suggestion (more a request actually). Could you pls take > > > the pains of sampling here portions the precious Horas you have, > > > maybe step by step or at random depending on areas wanting in > > > consensus. > > > > > > RK > > > > > > , " Sreenadh " > > > <sreesog@> wrote: > > > > > > > > Dear All, > > > > Given below is an article on Yavana school of astrology. > > > > > > > > ============================================================== > > > > Yavana School of Astrology > > > > ========================== > > > > There is a controversy about the meaning of the word Yavana. > > > Modern > > > > historians almost always erroneously take `Yavana' to mean > > > `Greek'. > > > > Of course Greeks where called Yavana by Indians for a long > time, > > > and > > > > so it is not completely wrong to take `Yavana' to mean `Greek' > > if > > > one > > > > is talking about the a limited historic period, i.e. Period > > after > > > the > > > > invasion of Alexander. But when we look at the literature, we > > see > > > > that the word Yavana is used to indicate Pharsi or Persian in > > > several > > > > instances. The popular definition of this word, supported by > > > classics > > > > is that, any person who is not a native of India and does > follow > > > our > > > > custom and tradition is called Yavana. So the point to be kept > > in > > > > mind is that- > > > > • The `Yavana' has some link outside India > > > > • Their tradition and system is slightly different than > > ours. > > > > • The heir (sons and daughters) and successors of a > > `Yavana' > > > > (Guru-sishya paramapara) would be termed `Yavana'. > > > > The 3rd point is often ignored by even the learned. It > > essentially > > > > means that at times even people who were and born and lived in > > > India, > > > > and even followed the Indian custom and tradition where > > > > termed `Yavana' only because, they were the descendents of > > > Yavana. > > > > Before the arrival of Greeks it was Persian peoples who were > > known > > > by > > > > the word `Yavana', and even before that? Yes, at that time it > > > could > > > > mean even people from `Afghanistan', `China', or `Egypt', i.e. > > any > > > > where outside India or their descendants or followers > (students). > > > > Yavaneswara > > > > ---------------- > > > > Someone in ancient past brought some new knowledge of astrology > > to > > > > India. It was even before the period of Parasara (1400 BC), and > > > this > > > > great scholar gets mentioned by Parasara, Narada, Kasyapa and > > many > > > > more. He must have been an astonishing store house of > knowledge, > > > and > > > > well versed in Sanskrit, even the Rishis considered him as an > > > Rishi. > > > > His great knowledge, made Rishi Garga speak out- > > > > Mlescha hi yavanasteshu samyak sastramidam stitam > > > > Rishivattepi pujyante kim puna daiva vad dwija > > > > Meaning, even though a person outside from, by native place or > > > > tradition followed, the knowledge of astrology is well settled > > and > > > > find comfort in `Yavana' (Yavana Kula). Because of this they > are > > > > worshiped like Rishis. Then why not if a person who took second > > > birth > > > > by devoting himself to knowledge and is learning astrology? > > > > We should remember that Garga was the head guru (like > chancellor > > > of a > > > > university) of the Garga kula. Many great learning centers like > > > > Vasishta Kula, Kousika kula, Atri Kula, Mareechi Kula, Angira > > > Kula, > > > > Bhrigu Kula, Chyvana Kula, Vyasa Kula etc existed at that > > period – > > > > > > > and the knowledge preserved was so vast. Garga know about this > > > all, > > > > and was part of this great tradition. Even then he felt > > astonished > > > by > > > > the astrological knowledge preserved and propagated by another > > > such > > > > learning center – Yavana Kula. This is wonderful! We could see > > > that > > > > later acharyas started mentioning the name of Yavanewara, > > > including > > > > him in the list of 18 great gurus of astrology. Narada, > Kasyapa, > > > > Parasara – no body failed to mention his name! How great an > > > influence > > > > he and his school of thought would have been to Indian > > > astrology?!! > > > > Yes, this `Yavaneswara' is a great Rishi, vast treasure house > of > > > > knowledge, worshiped Surya, had some connections outside India, > > > was > > > > well-versed in Sanskrit, was the head guru of Yavana Kula, and > > > lived > > > > before BC 1400. He very much appreciated the astrological > > > tradition > > > > and knowledge of India, adopted many concepts from India > streams > > > and > > > > tried to modify them. This too made the Indian scholars give > > > special > > > > attention towards him. This is the knowledge we have about his > > > > mountainous individuality – he stands tall and unique even > among > > > the > > > > peaks! > > > > Yavanewara Hora is the text known by his name. His successors > > > (sishya > > > > parampara) like Sphujidwaja, Meena raja amply quotes from this > > > text. > > > > Later day scholars like Mihira too quotes him and mentions the > > > > opinions by him. Yavanswara says that he got this knowledge of > > > > astrology from Brahma (Prajapati), which indicates that he was > a > > > > follower of Indian tradition itself, but with somewhat slight > > > > difference. > > > > Some problems surfacing > > > > ------------------------------- > > > > If even Garga felt astonished by this knowledge stream how > > Mihira > > > can > > > > not? But due to these mutual appreciation (between Arsha and > > > Yavana > > > > schools of astrology) and scholarly interaction many problems > > > > surfaced. They are – > > > > • Ancient Indian Rishi Kulas appreciated the knowledge of > > > > Yavana school, but never mixed it with there own system. > > > > • Even Garga was not an exception to this even though he > > > > himself was somewhat outside the Arsha or Sanatana stream due > to > > > the > > > > fact that he was a follower of Jain philosophy (originated by > > > > Rishabha Deva). But we should also remember that at that time > > > Jain > > > > hadn't become a separate religion, but was part of the Vedic > > > stream. > > > > • Just contrary to this, Yavaneswara tried to lean all the > > > > Indian knowledge as well, modified it applying logic, and > taught > > > them > > > > as well in his guru kula. This is evident from the example of > > > Nabhasa > > > > yogas. Nabhasa Yogas are just mentioned in Arha (Sanatana) > Rishi > > > > horas like Skanda hora, Brihal prajaptyam etc, but Yavaneswara > > > took > > > > this concept and made the number of named Nabhasa Yogas 1800 by > > > > applying permutation combination!!!!! The concept of Nabhasa > > yogas > > > > were not totally in line with the foundations of ancient Indian > > > > astrology, that is why the Indian Rishis didn't gave much > > > importance > > > > to them. Yavanewara never bothered about it, took this concept, > > > and > > > > applied maths to it! The result was 1800 Nabhasa yogas, out of > > > which > > > > hundreds of them were astronomical impossibilities!! Here we > see > > > the > > > > type of interaction and the reason for respect or disrespect. > > > > • In the Arsha system of Parasara started mixing the > > concepts > > > > of Yavana, and many of his new concepts as well. Due to this he > > > was > > > > also not considered as a true follower of Arsha stream, and was > > > even > > > > called Yavana at times, even though he was not Yavana. What > ever > > > that > > > > be, Parasara is also honored among the 18 great gurus of > > > Astrology. > > > > We should remember that, Yavana, Romaka, Poulisa, Lomasa & > > > Parasara > > > > schools may not be part of the true (Arsha/Sanatana) stream of > > > > astrology. But there was a lot of give and take, and they where > > > also > > > > honored among the 18 like the Rishis of Arsha stream – Brahma, > > > > Vasishta, Kousika, Atri, Manu, Mareechi, Angira, Vyasa, > Sounaka, > > > > Kasyapa, Chyevava, Garga, Brihaspati etc. We should remember > the > > > > other reputed scholars like – Bhrigu (Sukra), Agastya, Suka, > > Soma, > > > > Skanda, Daksha, Surya etc as well. May be this classification > > > itself > > > > is not that correct, since every Rishi Kula may have their > > > uniqueness > > > > in the system of astrology taught and followed. [We shouldn't > > > forget > > > > the fact that different teachers teach even the same subject > > > > differently, and therefore slight differences are always a > > > > possibility] > > > > • Unlike the ancient Rishis, Mihira also started mixing > > Arsha > > > > School of astrology with thoughts and ideas borrowed from > Yavana > > > > School, even though he never introduced hundreds of new ideas > > like > > > > Parasara. Even though Mihira was a great teacher this has > became > > a > > > > big cause for confusion in later years. Parasara was a Rishi, > > > Mihira > > > > a scholar and there is no comparison, but both of them borrowed > > > ideas > > > > from Yavana school and thus the original school and system fell > > > back > > > > to the back side of memory, and logic and foundations an almost > > > lost > > > > memory. > > > > > > > > This is the brief history of astrology. A problem originated > due > > > to > > > > the presence of Yavana school of astrology, but for sure not > > > caused > > > > by it, as much as the later great scholars like Parasara and > > > Mihira. > > > > If Parasara and Mihira the great teachers of Indian astrology > > > deserve > > > > better blame, then how can we blame Yavana school of astrology > > and > > > > the great Yavaneswara who peaks high among many?! This school > of > > > > astrology was successful in preserving its teachings and books > > > while > > > > the Arsha school failed to do so!! Shouldn't we appreciate > them, > > > and > > > > learn from them? They adopted even the Arsha (astrological) > > ideas > > > as > > > > well and still preserves many and now without their minor help > > we > > > can > > > > not go back and retrieve our originals!!! Apart from this what > a > > > > great system it in itself is!! > > > > [This essay is becoming too long and so I would just brief > about > > > the > > > > other gurus of this stream and conclude] > > > > Sphujidhwaja > > > > ---------------- > > > > He was an Indian king who was well versed in Sanskrit, > > Vedic > > > > philosophy and astrology. But he was a follower of Yavana > school > > > of > > > > astrology and considers Yavaneswara as guru. A great text with > > the > > > > name Sphujidhwaja Hora is available – and it is very good in > > > > understanding the contributions of Yavana school. > > > > Meenaraja > > > > ------------- > > > > He too was an Indian king, well versed in Sanskrit, and a > > > > follower of Yavana school of astrology. A great text with the > > name > > > > Meenaraja Hora (Vridha Yavana Hora) is available. It too is a > > very > > > > good text. > > > > Maya > > > > ------ > > > > Many are confused about whether to call Maya `Yavana' or > > > not. > > > > He is not the student of `Yavaneswara' but `Surya'. As we know > > > `Surya > > > > Kula' was another great teaching center for astrology. Maya > > > > modified/wrote `Surya Sidhanta', which later became the > backbone > > > of > > > > Arsha school of astrology. So even if Maya is `Yavana', he is > > > Yavana > > > > of a different mould and is not part of the Yavana school of > > > > astrology which started from `Yavaneswara'. He was a great > > > architect > > > > as well. Surya Sidhanta, Maya Hora, Maya Matam(Vastu) etc are > > some > > > of > > > > the texts by him. He was true acharya with mathematical par > > > > excellence, and may be only Aryabhata I of later years have any > > > > comparison to him. Maya is not part of this school of astrology > > > > taught by `Yavaneswara'. > > > > Manindha > > > > ------------ > > > > Manindha Hora is the text by him. Mihira mentions and > > quotes > > > > form this text and mention the name of Manindha with respect. > > > Manidha > > > > Hora is not available today. > > > > > > > > Srutakeerti > > > > --------------- > > > > Srutakeerti was a hindu king, but he followed Yavana > > stream > > > > of astrology. Srutakeerti Hora is the text by him. Mihira > > > mentions > > > > and quotes form this text and mention the name of Sruitakeerti > > > with > > > > respect. Srutakeerti Hora is not available today. > > > > Other gurus > > > > -------------- > > > > There might have been many other gurus in this school of > > > > thought but the names of many are not popular may be due to the > > > all > > > > covering presence of Sphujidhwaja and Meenaraja. Later people > > > started > > > > calling Sphujidhwaja by the name `Yavana'and Meenaraja by the > > > > name `Vridha Yavana'. Only a few scholars were good enough to > > come > > > > out of this shade. One of them is Haraji. > > > > Haraji > > > > ------- > > > > He is the author of Manasagari Jataka padhati. He is a > > > > Gujarat Brahmin born of `Sandilya gotra'. But he too followed > > the > > > > Yavana system of astrology. Therefore Manasagari Jataka > padhati > > > > should be considered as one of the last text in Yavana school > of > > > > astrology. > > > > The Yavana school of astrology is one of the well reputed > > > and > > > > respects schools of ancient Indian astrology, like the Arsha > > > school & > > > > Jain school of ancient Indian astrology. The now extinct > > > prediction > > > > schemes of Vedic school and Tantric school also needs mention, > > > from > > > > which everything seems to have originated. (Call them Vedic and > > > Non- > > > > Vedic or Nigama and Agama origin of everything if you want). > > > > =============================================================== > > > > > > > > In this article I had tried to give a brief idea about the > > > Yavana > > > > school of astrology and its books and masters, as far as I > know. > > > > History is not always simple – it always hides something far > > > beneath > > > > hiding even the sources for retrieving them. I hope this > article > > > may > > > > help you in getting a glimpse of the almost forgotten history > of > > > > Yavana school of astrology. > > > > Love, > > > > Sreenadh > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted May 21, 2006 Report Share Posted May 21, 2006 Dear All, There are a lot of funny things about punctuation marks. One story which became quite famous a couple of years back with the publication of a book by Lynn Truss goes as follows: A panda walks into a cafe. He orders a sandwich, eats it, and draws a gun and fires two shots in the air. " Why? " asks the waiter, as the panda makes towards the exit. The panda produces a badly punctuated wildlife manual and tosses it over his shoulder. " I'm a panda, " he says, at the door. " Look it up. " The waiter turns to the relevant entry and, sure enough, finds an explanation. " PANDA. Large black-and-white bear-like mammal, native to China. Eats, shoots and leaves. " SO, PUNCTUATION REALLY DOES MATTER, EVEN IF IT IS ONLY OCCASSIONALLY A MATTER OF LIFE AND DEATH. There are many horror stories like this (though no one was hurt in this one) which are humorous too! Love, Vinita , " Sreenadh " <sreesog wrote: > > Dear RK ji, > Thanks for the directions. I found the follwing in one of my > collections from the net. I don't remember from where I collected it. > But my regards to the person who listed them. I think it is time that > I should give a serious look at it. > ================================================================ > 10 tips for better writing > -------------------------- > > The following list of tips should help you to avoid some of the > most > common slip-ups. > > 1. Capitals: Avoid the temptation to capitalize words in the > middle > of a sentence Just To Provide Emphasis Like This. If you want to be > more emphatic consider using bold face, italics, color or larger > text. > > 2. Commas: The most common use of the comma is to join together > short sentences to make a single longer sentence. We do this with one > of > the following small joining words: and, or, but, yet, for, nor, or > so. > For example: > We have finished the work, and we are looking forward to the > weekend. > Notice that the two halves of this sentence could each be sentences > in > their own right. They thus need to be separated with a comma and > joining word. In the next example, though, we don't need a comma: We > have > finished the work and are looking forward to the weekend. > The halves of that sentence could not stand alone, so no comma was > used. > > 3. Ellipsis: The ellipsis is a series of three -- and ONLY THREE -- > > full stops used to mark missing words, an uncertain pause, or an > abrupt > interruption. Avoid the temptation to use six or seven dots -- it > looks > amateurish. For example, we write: > > > Niles: But Miss Fine's age is only ... > Fran: Young! Miss Fine's age is only young! > > 4. Excessive punctuation: > > Only one exclamation mark or question mark should be used at a > time. > Consider the following over-punctuated examples: > > > Buy now!!! > Great bargains!!!!!!!!!! Excessive punctuation looks too much like > hysteria and detracts from your credibility. Avoid it. > 5. Headings: > For long works, establish a clear hierarchy of headings. Microsoft > Word's heading styles are great for this. (They also allow you to > automatically create a table of contents.) > 6. Hyphenating prefixes:Most prefixes don't need a hyphen; i.e. we > write " coexist " , not " co-exist " . There are exceptions, though. The > prefixes " self- " and " ex- " are almost always hyphenated. > 7. Numbers:Numbers of ten or less are normally written as words. > > 8. Quotation marks: > Users of American English should use double quotes ( " " ). Users of > British English should choose either single quotes (' ') or double > quotes > and stick with them for the whole document. Incidentally, British > English usage is increasingly moving towards single quotes. > > 9. Spaces: Modern style is to use a single space at the end of a > sentence, not two. Also, most punctuation marks (e.g. commas, full > stops, > question marks) are not preceded by a space. > > 10.Tables: Set table text one or two points smaller than the main > body text and in a sans-serif font such as Arial or Verdana. Avoid > vertical lines as they tend to add unnecessary clutter. > Armed with these simple guidelines, your business writing should be > well received every time. Good luck! > ============================================================= > I am posting it here because I think that it may help many, like it > helped me. > Love, > Sreenadh > > , " Sreenadh " > <sreesog@> wrote: > > > > Dear RK ji, > > > Uh, the many notes of interrogation compounded by those of > > > exclamation. > > I am not that good in English, and is just learning to express my > > thought in it. Child's mistakes - since I am still seeking for > my > > true style of words. I am suffering of poor vocabulary, > indigested > > words, and mal nutrition as far as English is concerned. > > May be you too can guide me in this regard. > > Love, > > Sreenadh > > > > , " arkaydash " > > <arkaydash@> wrote: > > > > > > My dear Shreenadhji, > > > As I size you up from feet upward I see this. > > > > > > " Trying to transilate them is a herculian task - and who is going > > to > > > publish them? They are already born children - and in mean time > > more > > > children take birth as well! What should I do??!!!!! " > > > > > > Uh, the many notes of interrogation compounded by those of > > > exclamation. Well, your true-borns can be rendered 'dwija'. Four > > are > > > quite many though. By and by we can make it. > > > > > > RK > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > , sree nadh > > > <sreesog@> wrote: > > > > > > > > Dear RK ji, > > > > I have only the samples collected from every where, and note > > > many of those horas. > > > > Yes, for sure we can share those samples. > > > > I will start a try in some of the coming mails. > > > > > > > > P.S.: I am trying to make things systematic. That is - > > > > First on schools - Then we would have an idea about the > depths > > > we are looking to. > > > > Then about the methods (of interpretation) - Let us make them > > > systematic too. > > > > Yes, some where in between, the point put forward by you is > > also > > > very important - so I will give it prime importance too. > > > > > > > > ==> > > > > These then are some of the articles you have published. Share > > > with > > > > the forum some of your other publihed work. > > > > <== > > > > No! These are articles now written for this forum alone - > They > > > are now published articles. Most of my published works (not much - > > > > only 4 books) are in malayalam - and would be no use to you. > Trying > > > to transilate them is a herculian task - and who is going to > > publish > > > them? They are already born children - and in mean time more > > > children take birth as well ! What should I do??!!!!! > > > > Love, > > > > Sreenadh > > > > > > > > > > > > arkaydash <arkaydash@> wrote: > > > > Dear S-ji > > > > > > > > These then are some of the articles you have published. Share > > with > > > > the forum some of your other publihed work. Pls move on to more > > > > ready-to-use material. > > > > I have a suggestion (more a request actually). Could you pls > take > > > > the pains of sampling here portions the precious Horas you > have, > > > > maybe step by step or at random depending on areas wanting in > > > > consensus. > > > > > > > > RK > > > > > > > > , " Sreenadh " > > > > <sreesog@> wrote: > > > > > > > > > > Dear All, > > > > > Given below is an article on Yavana school of astrology. > > > > > > > > > > ============================================================== > > > > > Yavana School of Astrology > > > > > ========================== > > > > > There is a controversy about the meaning of the word Yavana. > > > > Modern > > > > > historians almost always erroneously take `Yavana' to mean > > > > `Greek'. > > > > > Of course Greeks where called Yavana by Indians for a long > > time, > > > > and > > > > > so it is not completely wrong to take `Yavana' to mean > `Greek' > > > if > > > > one > > > > > is talking about the a limited historic period, i.e. Period > > > after > > > > the > > > > > invasion of Alexander. But when we look at the literature, we > > > see > > > > > that the word Yavana is used to indicate Pharsi or Persian in > > > > several > > > > > instances. The popular definition of this word, supported by > > > > classics > > > > > is that, any person who is not a native of India and does > > follow > > > > our > > > > > custom and tradition is called Yavana. So the point to be > kept > > > in > > > > > mind is that- > > > > > • The `Yavana' has some link outside India > > > > > • Their tradition and system is slightly different than > > > ours. > > > > > • The heir (sons and daughters) and successors of a > > > `Yavana' > > > > > (Guru-sishya paramapara) would be termed `Yavana'. > > > > > The 3rd point is often ignored by even the learned. It > > > essentially > > > > > means that at times even people who were and born and lived > in > > > > India, > > > > > and even followed the Indian custom and tradition where > > > > > termed `Yavana' only because, they were the descendents of > > > > Yavana. > > > > > Before the arrival of Greeks it was Persian peoples who were > > > known > > > > by > > > > > the word `Yavana', and even before that? Yes, at that time it > > > > could > > > > > mean even people from `Afghanistan', `China', or `Egypt', > i.e. > > > any > > > > > where outside India or their descendants or followers > > (students). > > > > > Yavaneswara > > > > > ---------------- > > > > > Someone in ancient past brought some new knowledge of > astrology > > > to > > > > > India. It was even before the period of Parasara (1400 BC), > and > > > > this > > > > > great scholar gets mentioned by Parasara, Narada, Kasyapa and > > > many > > > > > more. He must have been an astonishing store house of > > knowledge, > > > > and > > > > > well versed in Sanskrit, even the Rishis considered him as an > > > > Rishi. > > > > > His great knowledge, made Rishi Garga speak out- > > > > > Mlescha hi yavanasteshu samyak sastramidam stitam > > > > > Rishivattepi pujyante kim puna daiva vad dwija > > > > > Meaning, even though a person outside from, by native place > or > > > > > tradition followed, the knowledge of astrology is well > settled > > > and > > > > > find comfort in `Yavana' (Yavana Kula). Because of this they > > are > > > > > worshiped like Rishis. Then why not if a person who took > second > > > > birth > > > > > by devoting himself to knowledge and is learning astrology? > > > > > We should remember that Garga was the head guru (like > > chancellor > > > > of a > > > > > university) of the Garga kula. Many great learning centers > like > > > > > Vasishta Kula, Kousika kula, Atri Kula, Mareechi Kula, Angira > > > > Kula, > > > > > Bhrigu Kula, Chyvana Kula, Vyasa Kula etc existed at that > > > period – > > > > > > > > > and the knowledge preserved was so vast. Garga know about > this > > > > all, > > > > > and was part of this great tradition. Even then he felt > > > astonished > > > > by > > > > > the astrological knowledge preserved and propagated by > another > > > > such > > > > > learning center – Yavana Kula. This is wonderful! We could > see > > > > that > > > > > later acharyas started mentioning the name of Yavanewara, > > > > including > > > > > him in the list of 18 great gurus of astrology. Narada, > > Kasyapa, > > > > > Parasara – no body failed to mention his name! How great an > > > > influence > > > > > he and his school of thought would have been to Indian > > > > astrology?!! > > > > > Yes, this `Yavaneswara' is a great Rishi, vast treasure house > > of > > > > > knowledge, worshiped Surya, had some connections outside > India, > > > > was > > > > > well-versed in Sanskrit, was the head guru of Yavana Kula, > and > > > > lived > > > > > before BC 1400. He very much appreciated the astrological > > > > tradition > > > > > and knowledge of India, adopted many concepts from India > > streams > > > > and > > > > > tried to modify them. This too made the Indian scholars give > > > > special > > > > > attention towards him. This is the knowledge we have about > his > > > > > mountainous individuality – he stands tall and unique even > > among > > > > the > > > > > peaks! > > > > > Yavanewara Hora is the text known by his name. His successors > > > > (sishya > > > > > parampara) like Sphujidwaja, Meena raja amply quotes from > this > > > > text. > > > > > Later day scholars like Mihira too quotes him and mentions > the > > > > > opinions by him. Yavanswara says that he got this knowledge > of > > > > > astrology from Brahma (Prajapati), which indicates that he > was > > a > > > > > follower of Indian tradition itself, but with somewhat slight > > > > > difference. > > > > > Some problems surfacing > > > > > ------------------------------- > > > > > If even Garga felt astonished by this knowledge stream how > > > Mihira > > > > can > > > > > not? But due to these mutual appreciation (between Arsha and > > > > Yavana > > > > > schools of astrology) and scholarly interaction many problems > > > > > surfaced. They are – > > > > > • Ancient Indian Rishi Kulas appreciated the knowledge > of > > > > > Yavana school, but never mixed it with there own system. > > > > > • Even Garga was not an exception to this even though he > > > > > himself was somewhat outside the Arsha or Sanatana stream due > > to > > > > the > > > > > fact that he was a follower of Jain philosophy (originated by > > > > > Rishabha Deva). But we should also remember that at that > time > > > > Jain > > > > > hadn't become a separate religion, but was part of the Vedic > > > > stream. > > > > > • Just contrary to this, Yavaneswara tried to lean all > the > > > > > Indian knowledge as well, modified it applying logic, and > > taught > > > > them > > > > > as well in his guru kula. This is evident from the example of > > > > Nabhasa > > > > > yogas. Nabhasa Yogas are just mentioned in Arha (Sanatana) > > Rishi > > > > > horas like Skanda hora, Brihal prajaptyam etc, but > Yavaneswara > > > > took > > > > > this concept and made the number of named Nabhasa Yogas 1800 > by > > > > > applying permutation combination!!!!! The concept of Nabhasa > > > yogas > > > > > were not totally in line with the foundations of ancient > Indian > > > > > astrology, that is why the Indian Rishis didn't gave much > > > > importance > > > > > to them. Yavanewara never bothered about it, took this > concept, > > > > and > > > > > applied maths to it! The result was 1800 Nabhasa yogas, out > of > > > > which > > > > > hundreds of them were astronomical impossibilities!! Here we > > see > > > > the > > > > > type of interaction and the reason for respect or disrespect. > > > > > • In the Arsha system of Parasara started mixing the > > > concepts > > > > > of Yavana, and many of his new concepts as well. Due to this > he > > > > was > > > > > also not considered as a true follower of Arsha stream, and > was > > > > even > > > > > called Yavana at times, even though he was not Yavana. What > > ever > > > > that > > > > > be, Parasara is also honored among the 18 great gurus of > > > > Astrology. > > > > > We should remember that, Yavana, Romaka, Poulisa, Lomasa & > > > > Parasara > > > > > schools may not be part of the true (Arsha/Sanatana) stream > of > > > > > astrology. But there was a lot of give and take, and they > where > > > > also > > > > > honored among the 18 like the Rishis of Arsha stream – > Brahma, > > > > > Vasishta, Kousika, Atri, Manu, Mareechi, Angira, Vyasa, > > Sounaka, > > > > > Kasyapa, Chyevava, Garga, Brihaspati etc. We should remember > > the > > > > > other reputed scholars like – Bhrigu (Sukra), Agastya, Suka, > > > Soma, > > > > > Skanda, Daksha, Surya etc as well. May be this classification > > > > itself > > > > > is not that correct, since every Rishi Kula may have their > > > > uniqueness > > > > > in the system of astrology taught and followed. [We shouldn't > > > > forget > > > > > the fact that different teachers teach even the same subject > > > > > differently, and therefore slight differences are always a > > > > > possibility] > > > > > • Unlike the ancient Rishis, Mihira also started mixing > > > Arsha > > > > > School of astrology with thoughts and ideas borrowed from > > Yavana > > > > > School, even though he never introduced hundreds of new ideas > > > like > > > > > Parasara. Even though Mihira was a great teacher this has > > became > > > a > > > > > big cause for confusion in later years. Parasara was a Rishi, > > > > Mihira > > > > > a scholar and there is no comparison, but both of them > borrowed > > > > ideas > > > > > from Yavana school and thus the original school and system > fell > > > > back > > > > > to the back side of memory, and logic and foundations an > almost > > > > lost > > > > > memory. > > > > > > > > > > This is the brief history of astrology. A problem originated > > due > > > > to > > > > > the presence of Yavana school of astrology, but for sure not > > > > caused > > > > > by it, as much as the later great scholars like Parasara and > > > > Mihira. > > > > > If Parasara and Mihira the great teachers of Indian astrology > > > > deserve > > > > > better blame, then how can we blame Yavana school of > astrology > > > and > > > > > the great Yavaneswara who peaks high among many?! This school > > of > > > > > astrology was successful in preserving its teachings and > books > > > > while > > > > > the Arsha school failed to do so!! Shouldn't we appreciate > > them, > > > > and > > > > > learn from them? They adopted even the Arsha (astrological) > > > ideas > > > > as > > > > > well and still preserves many and now without their minor > help > > > we > > > > can > > > > > not go back and retrieve our originals!!! Apart from this > what > > a > > > > > great system it in itself is!! > > > > > [This essay is becoming too long and so I would just brief > > about > > > > the > > > > > other gurus of this stream and conclude] > > > > > Sphujidhwaja > > > > > ---------------- > > > > > He was an Indian king who was well versed in Sanskrit, > > > Vedic > > > > > philosophy and astrology. But he was a follower of Yavana > > school > > > > of > > > > > astrology and considers Yavaneswara as guru. A great text > with > > > the > > > > > name Sphujidhwaja Hora is available – and it is very good in > > > > > understanding the contributions of Yavana school. > > > > > Meenaraja > > > > > ------------- > > > > > He too was an Indian king, well versed in Sanskrit, and > a > > > > > follower of Yavana school of astrology. A great text with the > > > name > > > > > Meenaraja Hora (Vridha Yavana Hora) is available. It too is a > > > very > > > > > good text. > > > > > Maya > > > > > ------ > > > > > Many are confused about whether to call Maya `Yavana' > or > > > > not. > > > > > He is not the student of `Yavaneswara' but `Surya'. As we > know > > > > `Surya > > > > > Kula' was another great teaching center for astrology. Maya > > > > > modified/wrote `Surya Sidhanta', which later became the > > backbone > > > > of > > > > > Arsha school of astrology. So even if Maya is `Yavana', he is > > > > Yavana > > > > > of a different mould and is not part of the Yavana school of > > > > > astrology which started from `Yavaneswara'. He was a great > > > > architect > > > > > as well. Surya Sidhanta, Maya Hora, Maya Matam(Vastu) etc are > > > some > > > > of > > > > > the texts by him. He was true acharya with mathematical par > > > > > excellence, and may be only Aryabhata I of later years have > any > > > > > comparison to him. Maya is not part of this school of > astrology > > > > > taught by `Yavaneswara'. > > > > > Manindha > > > > > ------------ > > > > > Manindha Hora is the text by him. Mihira mentions and > > > quotes > > > > > form this text and mention the name of Manindha with respect. > > > > Manidha > > > > > Hora is not available today. > > > > > > > > > > Srutakeerti > > > > > --------------- > > > > > Srutakeerti was a hindu king, but he followed Yavana > > > stream > > > > > of astrology. Srutakeerti Hora is the text by him. Mihira > > > > mentions > > > > > and quotes form this text and mention the name of > Sruitakeerti > > > > with > > > > > respect. Srutakeerti Hora is not available today. > > > > > Other gurus > > > > > -------------- > > > > > There might have been many other gurus in this school > of > > > > > thought but the names of many are not popular may be due to > the > > > > all > > > > > covering presence of Sphujidhwaja and Meenaraja. Later people > > > > started > > > > > calling Sphujidhwaja by the name `Yavana'and Meenaraja by the > > > > > name `Vridha Yavana'. Only a few scholars were good enough to > > > come > > > > > out of this shade. One of them is Haraji. > > > > > Haraji > > > > > ------- > > > > > He is the author of Manasagari Jataka padhati. He is a > > > > > Gujarat Brahmin born of `Sandilya gotra'. But he too followed > > > the > > > > > Yavana system of astrology. Therefore Manasagari Jataka > > padhati > > > > > should be considered as one of the last text in Yavana school > > of > > > > > astrology. > > > > > The Yavana school of astrology is one of the well > reputed > > > > and > > > > > respects schools of ancient Indian astrology, like the Arsha > > > > school & > > > > > Jain school of ancient Indian astrology. The now extinct > > > > prediction > > > > > schemes of Vedic school and Tantric school also needs > mention, > > > > from > > > > > which everything seems to have originated. (Call them Vedic > and > > > > Non- > > > > > Vedic or Nigama and Agama origin of everything if you want). > > > > > > =============================================================== > > > > > > > > > > In this article I had tried to give a brief idea about > the > > > > Yavana > > > > > school of astrology and its books and masters, as far as I > > know. > > > > > History is not always simple – it always hides something far > > > > beneath > > > > > hiding even the sources for retrieving them. I hope this > > article > > > > may > > > > > help you in getting a glimpse of the almost forgotten history > > of > > > > > Yavana school of astrology. > > > > > Love, > > > > > Sreenadh > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted May 22, 2006 Report Share Posted May 22, 2006 Vinitaji, Not just punctuation .... even spellings and grammar matter. Pradeep , " vinita kumar " <shankar_mamta wrote: > > Dear All, > > There are a lot of funny things about punctuation marks. One story > which became quite famous a couple of years back with the > publication of a book by Lynn Truss goes as follows: > > A panda walks into a cafe. He orders a sandwich, eats it, and draws > a gun and fires two shots in the air. > > " Why? " asks the waiter, as the panda makes towards the exit. The > panda produces a badly punctuated wildlife manual and tosses it over > his shoulder. > > " I'm a panda, " he says, at the door. " Look it up. " > > The waiter turns to the relevant entry and, sure enough, finds an > explanation. > > " PANDA. Large black-and-white bear-like mammal, native to China. > Eats, shoots and leaves. " > > SO, PUNCTUATION REALLY DOES MATTER, EVEN IF IT IS ONLY OCCASSIONALLY > A MATTER OF LIFE AND DEATH. > > There are many horror stories like this (though no one was hurt in > this one) which are humorous too! > > > Love, > Vinita > > , " Sreenadh " > <sreesog@> wrote: > > > > Dear RK ji, > > Thanks for the directions. I found the follwing in one of my > > collections from the net. I don't remember from where I collected > it. > > But my regards to the person who listed them. I think it is time > that > > I should give a serious look at it. > > ================================================================ > > 10 tips for better writing > > -------------------------- > > > > The following list of tips should help you to avoid some of the > > most > > common slip-ups. > > > > 1. Capitals: Avoid the temptation to capitalize words in the > > middle > > of a sentence Just To Provide Emphasis Like This. If you want to > be > > more emphatic consider using bold face, italics, color or larger > > text. > > > > 2. Commas: The most common use of the comma is to join together > > short sentences to make a single longer sentence. We do this with > one > > of > > the following small joining words: and, or, but, yet, for, nor, or > > so. > > For example: > > We have finished the work, and we are looking forward to the > > weekend. > > Notice that the two halves of this sentence could each be > sentences > > in > > their own right. They thus need to be separated with a comma and > > joining word. In the next example, though, we don't need a comma: > We > > have > > finished the work and are looking forward to the weekend. > > The halves of that sentence could not stand alone, so no comma > was > > used. > > > > 3. Ellipsis: The ellipsis is a series of three -- and ONLY > THREE -- > > > > full stops used to mark missing words, an uncertain pause, or an > > abrupt > > interruption. Avoid the temptation to use six or seven dots -- it > > looks > > amateurish. For example, we write: > > > > > > Niles: But Miss Fine's age is only ... > > Fran: Young! Miss Fine's age is only young! > > > > 4. Excessive punctuation: > > > > Only one exclamation mark or question mark should be used at a > > time. > > Consider the following over-punctuated examples: > > > > > > Buy now!!! > > Great bargains!!!!!!!!!! Excessive punctuation looks too much like > > hysteria and detracts from your credibility. Avoid it. > > 5. Headings: > > For long works, establish a clear hierarchy of headings. Microsoft > > Word's heading styles are great for this. (They also allow you to > > automatically create a table of contents.) > > 6. Hyphenating prefixes:Most prefixes don't need a hyphen; i.e. > we > > write " coexist " , not " co-exist " . There are exceptions, though. The > > prefixes " self- " and " ex- " are almost always hyphenated. > > 7. Numbers:Numbers of ten or less are normally written as words. > > > > 8. Quotation marks: > > Users of American English should use double quotes ( " " ). Users > of > > British English should choose either single quotes (' ') or double > > quotes > > and stick with them for the whole document. Incidentally, British > > English usage is increasingly moving towards single quotes. > > > > 9. Spaces: Modern style is to use a single space at the end of > a > > sentence, not two. Also, most punctuation marks (e.g. commas, full > > stops, > > question marks) are not preceded by a space. > > > > 10.Tables: Set table text one or two points smaller than the > main > > body text and in a sans-serif font such as Arial or Verdana. Avoid > > vertical lines as they tend to add unnecessary clutter. > > Armed with these simple guidelines, your business writing should > be > > well received every time. Good luck! > > ============================================================= > > I am posting it here because I think that it may help many, like > it > > helped me. > > Love, > > Sreenadh > > > > , " Sreenadh " > > <sreesog@> wrote: > > > > > > Dear RK ji, > > > > Uh, the many notes of interrogation compounded by those of > > > > exclamation. > > > I am not that good in English, and is just learning to express > my > > > thought in it. Child's mistakes - since I am still seeking > for > > my > > > true style of words. I am suffering of poor vocabulary, > > indigested > > > words, and mal nutrition as far as English is concerned. > > > May be you too can guide me in this regard. > > > Love, > > > Sreenadh > > > > > > , " arkaydash " > > > <arkaydash@> wrote: > > > > > > > > My dear Shreenadhji, > > > > As I size you up from feet upward I see this. > > > > > > > > " Trying to transilate them is a herculian task - and who is > going > > > to > > > > publish them? They are already born children - and in mean > time > > > more > > > > children take birth as well! What should I do??!!!!! " > > > > > > > > Uh, the many notes of interrogation compounded by those of > > > > exclamation. Well, your true-borns can be rendered 'dwija'. > Four > > > are > > > > quite many though. By and by we can make it. > > > > > > > > RK > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > , sree nadh > > > > <sreesog@> wrote: > > > > > > > > > > Dear RK ji, > > > > > I have only the samples collected from every where, and > note > > > > many of those horas. > > > > > Yes, for sure we can share those samples. > > > > > I will start a try in some of the coming mails. > > > > > > > > > > P.S.: I am trying to make things systematic. That is - > > > > > First on schools - Then we would have an idea about the > > depths > > > > we are looking to. > > > > > Then about the methods (of interpretation) - Let us make > them > > > > systematic too. > > > > > Yes, some where in between, the point put forward by you > is > > > also > > > > very important - so I will give it prime importance too. > > > > > > > > > > ==> > > > > > These then are some of the articles you have published. > Share > > > > with > > > > > the forum some of your other publihed work. > > > > > <== > > > > > No! These are articles now written for this forum alone - > > They > > > > are now published articles. Most of my published works (not > much - > > > > > > only 4 books) are in malayalam - and would be no use to you. > > Trying > > > > to transilate them is a herculian task - and who is going to > > > publish > > > > them? They are already born children - and in mean time more > > > > children take birth as well ! What should I do??!!!!! > > > > > Love, > > > > > Sreenadh > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > arkaydash <arkaydash@> wrote: > > > > > Dear S-ji > > > > > > > > > > These then are some of the articles you have published. > Share > > > with > > > > > the forum some of your other publihed work. Pls move on to > more > > > > > ready-to-use material. > > > > > I have a suggestion (more a request actually). Could you pls > > take > > > > > the pains of sampling here portions the precious Horas you > > have, > > > > > maybe step by step or at random depending on areas wanting > in > > > > > consensus. > > > > > > > > > > RK > > > > > > > > > > , " Sreenadh " > > > > > <sreesog@> wrote: > > > > > > > > > > > > Dear All, > > > > > > Given below is an article on Yavana school of astrology. > > > > > > > > > > > > > ============================================================== > > > > > > Yavana School of Astrology > > > > > > ========================== > > > > > > There is a controversy about the meaning of the word > Yavana. > > > > > Modern > > > > > > historians almost always erroneously take `Yavana' to mean > > > > > `Greek'. > > > > > > Of course Greeks where called Yavana by Indians for a long > > > time, > > > > > and > > > > > > so it is not completely wrong to take `Yavana' to mean > > `Greek' > > > > if > > > > > one > > > > > > is talking about the a limited historic period, i.e. > Period > > > > after > > > > > the > > > > > > invasion of Alexander. But when we look at the literature, > we > > > > see > > > > > > that the word Yavana is used to indicate Pharsi or Persian > in > > > > > several > > > > > > instances. The popular definition of this word, supported > by > > > > > classics > > > > > > is that, any person who is not a native of India and does > > > follow > > > > > our > > > > > > custom and tradition is called Yavana. So the point to be > > kept > > > > in > > > > > > mind is that- > > > > > > • The `Yavana' has some link outside India > > > > > > • Their tradition and system is slightly different > than > > > > ours. > > > > > > • The heir (sons and daughters) and successors of a > > > > `Yavana' > > > > > > (Guru-sishya paramapara) would be termed `Yavana'. > > > > > > The 3rd point is often ignored by even the learned. It > > > > essentially > > > > > > means that at times even people who were and born and > lived > > in > > > > > India, > > > > > > and even followed the Indian custom and tradition where > > > > > > termed `Yavana' only because, they were the descendents of > > > > > Yavana. > > > > > > Before the arrival of Greeks it was Persian peoples who > were > > > > known > > > > > by > > > > > > the word `Yavana', and even before that? Yes, at that time > it > > > > > could > > > > > > mean even people from `Afghanistan', `China', or `Egypt', > > i.e. > > > > any > > > > > > where outside India or their descendants or followers > > > (students). > > > > > > Yavaneswara > > > > > > ---------------- > > > > > > Someone in ancient past brought some new knowledge of > > astrology > > > > to > > > > > > India. It was even before the period of Parasara (1400 > BC), > > and > > > > > this > > > > > > great scholar gets mentioned by Parasara, Narada, Kasyapa > and > > > > many > > > > > > more. He must have been an astonishing store house of > > > knowledge, > > > > > and > > > > > > well versed in Sanskrit, even the Rishis considered him as > an > > > > > Rishi. > > > > > > His great knowledge, made Rishi Garga speak out- > > > > > > Mlescha hi yavanasteshu samyak sastramidam stitam > > > > > > Rishivattepi pujyante kim puna daiva vad dwija > > > > > > Meaning, even though a person outside from, by native > place > > or > > > > > > tradition followed, the knowledge of astrology is well > > settled > > > > and > > > > > > find comfort in `Yavana' (Yavana Kula). Because of this > they > > > are > > > > > > worshiped like Rishis. Then why not if a person who took > > second > > > > > birth > > > > > > by devoting himself to knowledge and is learning astrology? > > > > > > We should remember that Garga was the head guru (like > > > chancellor > > > > > of a > > > > > > university) of the Garga kula. Many great learning centers > > like > > > > > > Vasishta Kula, Kousika kula, Atri Kula, Mareechi Kula, > Angira > > > > > Kula, > > > > > > Bhrigu Kula, Chyvana Kula, Vyasa Kula etc existed at that > > > > period – > > > > > > > > > > > and the knowledge preserved was so vast. Garga know about > > this > > > > > all, > > > > > > and was part of this great tradition. Even then he felt > > > > astonished > > > > > by > > > > > > the astrological knowledge preserved and propagated by > > another > > > > > such > > > > > > learning center – Yavana Kula. This is wonderful! We could > > see > > > > > that > > > > > > later acharyas started mentioning the name of Yavanewara, > > > > > including > > > > > > him in the list of 18 great gurus of astrology. Narada, > > > Kasyapa, > > > > > > Parasara – no body failed to mention his name! How great > an > > > > > influence > > > > > > he and his school of thought would have been to Indian > > > > > astrology?!! > > > > > > Yes, this `Yavaneswara' is a great Rishi, vast treasure > house > > > of > > > > > > knowledge, worshiped Surya, had some connections outside > > India, > > > > > was > > > > > > well-versed in Sanskrit, was the head guru of Yavana Kula, > > and > > > > > lived > > > > > > before BC 1400. He very much appreciated the astrological > > > > > tradition > > > > > > and knowledge of India, adopted many concepts from India > > > streams > > > > > and > > > > > > tried to modify them. This too made the Indian scholars > give > > > > > special > > > > > > attention towards him. This is the knowledge we have about > > his > > > > > > mountainous individuality – he stands tall and unique even > > > among > > > > > the > > > > > > peaks! > > > > > > Yavanewara Hora is the text known by his name. His > successors > > > > > (sishya > > > > > > parampara) like Sphujidwaja, Meena raja amply quotes from > > this > > > > > text. > > > > > > Later day scholars like Mihira too quotes him and mentions > > the > > > > > > opinions by him. Yavanswara says that he got this > knowledge > > of > > > > > > astrology from Brahma (Prajapati), which indicates that he > > was > > > a > > > > > > follower of Indian tradition itself, but with somewhat > slight > > > > > > difference. > > > > > > Some problems surfacing > > > > > > ------------------------------- > > > > > > If even Garga felt astonished by this knowledge stream how > > > > Mihira > > > > > can > > > > > > not? But due to these mutual appreciation (between Arsha > and > > > > > Yavana > > > > > > schools of astrology) and scholarly interaction many > problems > > > > > > surfaced. They are – > > > > > > • Ancient Indian Rishi Kulas appreciated the > knowledge > > of > > > > > > Yavana school, but never mixed it with there own system. > > > > > > • Even Garga was not an exception to this even though > he > > > > > > himself was somewhat outside the Arsha or Sanatana stream > due > > > to > > > > > the > > > > > > fact that he was a follower of Jain philosophy (originated > by > > > > > > Rishabha Deva). But we should also remember that at that > > time > > > > > Jain > > > > > > hadn't become a separate religion, but was part of the > Vedic > > > > > stream. > > > > > > • Just contrary to this, Yavaneswara tried to lean > all > > the > > > > > > Indian knowledge as well, modified it applying logic, and > > > taught > > > > > them > > > > > > as well in his guru kula. This is evident from the example > of > > > > > Nabhasa > > > > > > yogas. Nabhasa Yogas are just mentioned in Arha (Sanatana) > > > Rishi > > > > > > horas like Skanda hora, Brihal prajaptyam etc, but > > Yavaneswara > > > > > took > > > > > > this concept and made the number of named Nabhasa Yogas > 1800 > > by > > > > > > applying permutation combination!!!!! The concept of > Nabhasa > > > > yogas > > > > > > were not totally in line with the foundations of ancient > > Indian > > > > > > astrology, that is why the Indian Rishis didn't gave much > > > > > importance > > > > > > to them. Yavanewara never bothered about it, took this > > concept, > > > > > and > > > > > > applied maths to it! The result was 1800 Nabhasa yogas, > out > > of > > > > > which > > > > > > hundreds of them were astronomical impossibilities!! Here > we > > > see > > > > > the > > > > > > type of interaction and the reason for respect or > disrespect. > > > > > > • In the Arsha system of Parasara started mixing the > > > > concepts > > > > > > of Yavana, and many of his new concepts as well. Due to > this > > he > > > > > was > > > > > > also not considered as a true follower of Arsha stream, > and > > was > > > > > even > > > > > > called Yavana at times, even though he was not Yavana. > What > > > ever > > > > > that > > > > > > be, Parasara is also honored among the 18 great gurus of > > > > > Astrology. > > > > > > We should remember that, Yavana, Romaka, Poulisa, Lomasa & > > > > > Parasara > > > > > > schools may not be part of the true (Arsha/Sanatana) > stream > > of > > > > > > astrology. But there was a lot of give and take, and they > > where > > > > > also > > > > > > honored among the 18 like the Rishis of Arsha stream – > > Brahma, > > > > > > Vasishta, Kousika, Atri, Manu, Mareechi, Angira, Vyasa, > > > Sounaka, > > > > > > Kasyapa, Chyevava, Garga, Brihaspati etc. We should > remember > > > the > > > > > > other reputed scholars like – Bhrigu (Sukra), Agastya, > Suka, > > > > Soma, > > > > > > Skanda, Daksha, Surya etc as well. May be this > classification > > > > > itself > > > > > > is not that correct, since every Rishi Kula may have their > > > > > uniqueness > > > > > > in the system of astrology taught and followed. [We > shouldn't > > > > > forget > > > > > > the fact that different teachers teach even the same > subject > > > > > > differently, and therefore slight differences are always a > > > > > > possibility] > > > > > > • Unlike the ancient Rishis, Mihira also started > mixing > > > > Arsha > > > > > > School of astrology with thoughts and ideas borrowed from > > > Yavana > > > > > > School, even though he never introduced hundreds of new > ideas > > > > like > > > > > > Parasara. Even though Mihira was a great teacher this has > > > became > > > > a > > > > > > big cause for confusion in later years. Parasara was a > Rishi, > > > > > Mihira > > > > > > a scholar and there is no comparison, but both of them > > borrowed > > > > > ideas > > > > > > from Yavana school and thus the original school and system > > fell > > > > > back > > > > > > to the back side of memory, and logic and foundations an > > almost > > > > > lost > > > > > > memory. > > > > > > > > > > > > This is the brief history of astrology. A problem > originated > > > due > > > > > to > > > > > > the presence of Yavana school of astrology, but for sure > not > > > > > caused > > > > > > by it, as much as the later great scholars like Parasara > and > > > > > Mihira. > > > > > > If Parasara and Mihira the great teachers of Indian > astrology > > > > > deserve > > > > > > better blame, then how can we blame Yavana school of > > astrology > > > > and > > > > > > the great Yavaneswara who peaks high among many?! This > school > > > of > > > > > > astrology was successful in preserving its teachings and > > books > > > > > while > > > > > > the Arsha school failed to do so!! Shouldn't we appreciate > > > them, > > > > > and > > > > > > learn from them? They adopted even the Arsha > (astrological) > > > > ideas > > > > > as > > > > > > well and still preserves many and now without their minor > > help > > > > we > > > > > can > > > > > > not go back and retrieve our originals!!! Apart from this > > what > > > a > > > > > > great system it in itself is!! > > > > > > [This essay is becoming too long and so I would just brief > > > about > > > > > the > > > > > > other gurus of this stream and conclude] > > > > > > Sphujidhwaja > > > > > > ---------------- > > > > > > He was an Indian king who was well versed in > Sanskrit, > > > > Vedic > > > > > > philosophy and astrology. But he was a follower of Yavana > > > school > > > > > of > > > > > > astrology and considers Yavaneswara as guru. A great text > > with > > > > the > > > > > > name Sphujidhwaja Hora is available – and it is very good > in > > > > > > understanding the contributions of Yavana school. > > > > > > Meenaraja > > > > > > ------------- > > > > > > He too was an Indian king, well versed in Sanskrit, > and > > a > > > > > > follower of Yavana school of astrology. A great text with > the > > > > name > > > > > > Meenaraja Hora (Vridha Yavana Hora) is available. It too > is a > > > > very > > > > > > good text. > > > > > > Maya > > > > > > ------ > > > > > > Many are confused about whether to call Maya > `Yavana' > > or > > > > > not. > > > > > > He is not the student of `Yavaneswara' but `Surya'. As we > > know > > > > > `Surya > > > > > > Kula' was another great teaching center for astrology. > Maya > > > > > > modified/wrote `Surya Sidhanta', which later became the > > > backbone > > > > > of > > > > > > Arsha school of astrology. So even if Maya is `Yavana', he > is > > > > > Yavana > > > > > > of a different mould and is not part of the Yavana school > of > > > > > > astrology which started from `Yavaneswara'. He was a great > > > > > architect > > > > > > as well. Surya Sidhanta, Maya Hora, Maya Matam(Vastu) etc > are > > > > some > > > > > of > > > > > > the texts by him. He was true acharya with mathematical > par > > > > > > excellence, and may be only Aryabhata I of later years > have > > any > > > > > > comparison to him. Maya is not part of this school of > > astrology > > > > > > taught by `Yavaneswara'. > > > > > > Manindha > > > > > > ------------ > > > > > > Manindha Hora is the text by him. Mihira mentions > and > > > > quotes > > > > > > form this text and mention the name of Manindha with > respect. > > > > > Manidha > > > > > > Hora is not available today. > > > > > > > > > > > > Srutakeerti > > > > > > --------------- > > > > > > Srutakeerti was a hindu king, but he followed Yavana > > > > stream > > > > > > of astrology. Srutakeerti Hora is the text by him. > Mihira > > > > > mentions > > > > > > and quotes form this text and mention the name of > > Sruitakeerti > > > > > with > > > > > > respect. Srutakeerti Hora is not available today. > > > > > > Other gurus > > > > > > -------------- > > > > > > There might have been many other gurus in this > school > > of > > > > > > thought but the names of many are not popular may be due > to > > the > > > > > all > > > > > > covering presence of Sphujidhwaja and Meenaraja. Later > people > > > > > started > > > > > > calling Sphujidhwaja by the name `Yavana'and Meenaraja by > the > > > > > > name `Vridha Yavana'. Only a few scholars were good enough > to > > > > come > > > > > > out of this shade. One of them is Haraji. > > > > > > Haraji > > > > > > ------- > > > > > > He is the author of Manasagari Jataka padhati. He > is a > > > > > > Gujarat Brahmin born of `Sandilya gotra'. But he too > followed > > > > the > > > > > > Yavana system of astrology. Therefore Manasagari Jataka > > > padhati > > > > > > should be considered as one of the last text in Yavana > school > > > of > > > > > > astrology. > > > > > > The Yavana school of astrology is one of the well > > reputed > > > > > and > > > > > > respects schools of ancient Indian astrology, like the > Arsha > > > > > school & > > > > > > Jain school of ancient Indian astrology. The now extinct > > > > > prediction > > > > > > schemes of Vedic school and Tantric school also needs > > mention, > > > > > from > > > > > > which everything seems to have originated. (Call them > Vedic > > and > > > > > Non- > > > > > > Vedic or Nigama and Agama origin of everything if you > want). > > > > > > > > =============================================================== > > > > > > > > > > > > In this article I had tried to give a brief idea about > > the > > > > > Yavana > > > > > > school of astrology and its books and masters, as far as I > > > know. > > > > > > History is not always simple – it always hides something > far > > > > > beneath > > > > > > hiding even the sources for retrieving them. I hope this > > > article > > > > > may > > > > > > help you in getting a glimpse of the almost forgotten > history > > > of > > > > > > Yavana school of astrology. > > > > > > Love, > > > > > > Sreenadh > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted May 22, 2006 Report Share Posted May 22, 2006 Dear Pradeepji, I remember somebody had once posted a whole big paragraph consisting of miserably misspelt words -- but because of some key letters in each word one could read the entire para without any difficulty. I was myself quite surprised at this. Similarly, often when our grammar is wrong, the sentence still makes sense. But remove a small comma after Eats....and the entire definition of the Panda changes to " Eats shoots and leaves. " In urdu they say that with one " nukta " " khuda " becomes " juda " . Look at the power of separation of the dot here.(But that belongs to the area of spelling, i suppose). Love, Vinita , " Pradeep " <psd1955 wrote: > > Vinitaji, > Not just punctuation .... even spellings and grammar matter. > Pradeep > > > , " vinita kumar " > <shankar_mamta@> wrote: > > > > Dear All, > > > > There are a lot of funny things about punctuation marks. One story > > which became quite famous a couple of years back with the > > publication of a book by Lynn Truss goes as follows: > > > > A panda walks into a cafe. He orders a sandwich, eats it, and draws > > a gun and fires two shots in the air. > > > > " Why? " asks the waiter, as the panda makes towards the exit. The > > panda produces a badly punctuated wildlife manual and tosses it over > > his shoulder. > > > > " I'm a panda, " he says, at the door. " Look it up. " > > > > The waiter turns to the relevant entry and, sure enough, finds an > > explanation. > > > > " PANDA. Large black-and-white bear-like mammal, native to China. > > Eats, shoots and leaves. " > > > > SO, PUNCTUATION REALLY DOES MATTER, EVEN IF IT IS ONLY OCCASSIONALLY > > A MATTER OF LIFE AND DEATH. > > > > There are many horror stories like this (though no one was hurt in > > this one) which are humorous too! > > > > > > Love, > > Vinita > > > > , " Sreenadh " > > <sreesog@> wrote: > > > > > > Dear RK ji, > > > Thanks for the directions. I found the follwing in one of my > > > collections from the net. I don't remember from where I collected > > it. > > > But my regards to the person who listed them. I think it is time > > that > > > I should give a serious look at it. > > > ================================================================ > > > 10 tips for better writing > > > -------------------------- > > > > > > The following list of tips should help you to avoid some of the > > > most > > > common slip-ups. > > > > > > 1. Capitals: Avoid the temptation to capitalize words in the > > > middle > > > of a sentence Just To Provide Emphasis Like This. If you want to > > be > > > more emphatic consider using bold face, italics, color or larger > > > text. > > > > > > 2. Commas: The most common use of the comma is to join together > > > short sentences to make a single longer sentence. We do this with > > one > > > of > > > the following small joining words: and, or, but, yet, for, nor, or > > > so. > > > For example: > > > We have finished the work, and we are looking forward to the > > > weekend. > > > Notice that the two halves of this sentence could each be > > sentences > > > in > > > their own right. They thus need to be separated with a comma and > > > joining word. In the next example, though, we don't need a comma: > > We > > > have > > > finished the work and are looking forward to the weekend. > > > The halves of that sentence could not stand alone, so no comma > > was > > > used. > > > > > > 3. Ellipsis: The ellipsis is a series of three -- and ONLY > > THREE -- > > > > > > full stops used to mark missing words, an uncertain pause, or an > > > abrupt > > > interruption. Avoid the temptation to use six or seven dots -- it > > > looks > > > amateurish. For example, we write: > > > > > > > > > Niles: But Miss Fine's age is only ... > > > Fran: Young! Miss Fine's age is only young! > > > > > > 4. Excessive punctuation: > > > > > > Only one exclamation mark or question mark should be used at a > > > time. > > > Consider the following over-punctuated examples: > > > > > > > > > Buy now!!! > > > Great bargains!!!!!!!!!! Excessive punctuation looks too much like > > > hysteria and detracts from your credibility. Avoid it. > > > 5. Headings: > > > For long works, establish a clear hierarchy of headings. Microsoft > > > Word's heading styles are great for this. (They also allow you to > > > automatically create a table of contents.) > > > 6. Hyphenating prefixes:Most prefixes don't need a hyphen; i.e. > > we > > > write " coexist " , not " co-exist " . There are exceptions, though. The > > > prefixes " self- " and " ex- " are almost always hyphenated. > > > 7. Numbers:Numbers of ten or less are normally written as words. > > > > > > 8. Quotation marks: > > > Users of American English should use double quotes ( " " ). Users > > of > > > British English should choose either single quotes (' ') or double > > > quotes > > > and stick with them for the whole document. Incidentally, British > > > English usage is increasingly moving towards single quotes. > > > > > > 9. Spaces: Modern style is to use a single space at the end of > > a > > > sentence, not two. Also, most punctuation marks (e.g. commas, full > > > stops, > > > question marks) are not preceded by a space. > > > > > > 10.Tables: Set table text one or two points smaller than the > > main > > > body text and in a sans-serif font such as Arial or Verdana. Avoid > > > vertical lines as they tend to add unnecessary clutter. > > > Armed with these simple guidelines, your business writing should > > be > > > well received every time. Good luck! > > > ============================================================= > > > I am posting it here because I think that it may help many, like > > it > > > helped me. > > > Love, > > > Sreenadh > > > > > > , " Sreenadh " > > > <sreesog@> wrote: > > > > > > > > Dear RK ji, > > > > > Uh, the many notes of interrogation compounded by those of > > > > > exclamation. > > > > I am not that good in English, and is just learning to express > > my > > > > thought in it. Child's mistakes - since I am still seeking > > for > > > my > > > > true style of words. I am suffering of poor vocabulary, > > > indigested > > > > words, and mal nutrition as far as English is concerned. > > > > May be you too can guide me in this regard. > > > > Love, > > > > Sreenadh > > > > > > > > , " arkaydash " > > > > <arkaydash@> wrote: > > > > > > > > > > My dear Shreenadhji, > > > > > As I size you up from feet upward I see this. > > > > > > > > > > " Trying to transilate them is a herculian task - and who is > > going > > > > to > > > > > publish them? They are already born children - and in mean > > time > > > > more > > > > > children take birth as well! What should I do??!!!!! " > > > > > > > > > > Uh, the many notes of interrogation compounded by those of > > > > > exclamation. Well, your true-borns can be rendered 'dwija'. > > Four > > > > are > > > > > quite many though. By and by we can make it. > > > > > > > > > > RK > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > , sree nadh > > > > > <sreesog@> wrote: > > > > > > > > > > > > Dear RK ji, > > > > > > I have only the samples collected from every where, and > > note > > > > > many of those horas. > > > > > > Yes, for sure we can share those samples. > > > > > > I will start a try in some of the coming mails. > > > > > > > > > > > > P.S.: I am trying to make things systematic. That is - > > > > > > First on schools - Then we would have an idea about the > > > depths > > > > > we are looking to. > > > > > > Then about the methods (of interpretation) - Let us make > > them > > > > > systematic too. > > > > > > Yes, some where in between, the point put forward by you > > is > > > > also > > > > > very important - so I will give it prime importance too. > > > > > > > > > > > > ==> > > > > > > These then are some of the articles you have published. > > Share > > > > > with > > > > > > the forum some of your other publihed work. > > > > > > <== > > > > > > No! These are articles now written for this forum alone - > > > They > > > > > are now published articles. Most of my published works (not > > much - > > > > > > > > only 4 books) are in malayalam - and would be no use to you. > > > Trying > > > > > to transilate them is a herculian task - and who is going to > > > > publish > > > > > them? They are already born children - and in mean time more > > > > > children take birth as well ! What should I do??!!!!! > > > > > > Love, > > > > > > Sreenadh > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > arkaydash <arkaydash@> wrote: > > > > > > Dear S-ji > > > > > > > > > > > > These then are some of the articles you have published. > > Share > > > > with > > > > > > the forum some of your other publihed work. Pls move on to > > more > > > > > > ready-to-use material. > > > > > > I have a suggestion (more a request actually). Could you pls > > > take > > > > > > the pains of sampling here portions the precious Horas you > > > have, > > > > > > maybe step by step or at random depending on areas wanting > > in > > > > > > consensus. > > > > > > > > > > > > RK > > > > > > > > > > > > --- In , " Sreenadh " > > > > > > <sreesog@> wrote: > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Dear All, > > > > > > > Given below is an article on Yavana school of astrology. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > ============================================================== > > > > > > > Yavana School of Astrology > > > > > > > ========================== > > > > > > > There is a controversy about the meaning of the word > > Yavana. > > > > > > Modern > > > > > > > historians almost always erroneously take `Yavana' to mean > > > > > > `Greek'. > > > > > > > Of course Greeks where called Yavana by Indians for a long > > > > time, > > > > > > and > > > > > > > so it is not completely wrong to take `Yavana' to mean > > > `Greek' > > > > > if > > > > > > one > > > > > > > is talking about the a limited historic period, i.e. > > Period > > > > > after > > > > > > the > > > > > > > invasion of Alexander. But when we look at the literature, > > we > > > > > see > > > > > > > that the word Yavana is used to indicate Pharsi or Persian > > in > > > > > > several > > > > > > > instances. The popular definition of this word, supported > > by > > > > > > classics > > > > > > > is that, any person who is not a native of India and does > > > > follow > > > > > > our > > > > > > > custom and tradition is called Yavana. So the point to be > > > kept > > > > > in > > > > > > > mind is that- > > > > > > > • The `Yavana' has some link outside India > > > > > > > • Their tradition and system is slightly different > > than > > > > > ours. > > > > > > > • The heir (sons and daughters) and successors of a > > > > > `Yavana' > > > > > > > (Guru-sishya paramapara) would be termed `Yavana'. > > > > > > > The 3rd point is often ignored by even the learned. It > > > > > essentially > > > > > > > means that at times even people who were and born and > > lived > > > in > > > > > > India, > > > > > > > and even followed the Indian custom and tradition where > > > > > > > termed `Yavana' only because, they were the descendents of > > > > > > Yavana. > > > > > > > Before the arrival of Greeks it was Persian peoples who > > were > > > > > known > > > > > > by > > > > > > > the word `Yavana', and even before that? Yes, at that time > > it > > > > > > could > > > > > > > mean even people from `Afghanistan', `China', or `Egypt', > > > i.e. > > > > > any > > > > > > > where outside India or their descendants or followers > > > > (students). > > > > > > > Yavaneswara > > > > > > > ---------------- > > > > > > > Someone in ancient past brought some new knowledge of > > > astrology > > > > > to > > > > > > > India. It was even before the period of Parasara (1400 > > BC), > > > and > > > > > > this > > > > > > > great scholar gets mentioned by Parasara, Narada, Kasyapa > > and > > > > > many > > > > > > > more. He must have been an astonishing store house of > > > > knowledge, > > > > > > and > > > > > > > well versed in Sanskrit, even the Rishis considered him as > > an > > > > > > Rishi. > > > > > > > His great knowledge, made Rishi Garga speak out- > > > > > > > Mlescha hi yavanasteshu samyak sastramidam stitam > > > > > > > Rishivattepi pujyante kim puna daiva vad dwija > > > > > > > Meaning, even though a person outside from, by native > > place > > > or > > > > > > > tradition followed, the knowledge of astrology is well > > > settled > > > > > and > > > > > > > find comfort in `Yavana' (Yavana Kula). Because of this > > they > > > > are > > > > > > > worshiped like Rishis. Then why not if a person who took > > > second > > > > > > birth > > > > > > > by devoting himself to knowledge and is learning astrology? > > > > > > > We should remember that Garga was the head guru (like > > > > chancellor > > > > > > of a > > > > > > > university) of the Garga kula. Many great learning centers > > > like > > > > > > > Vasishta Kula, Kousika kula, Atri Kula, Mareechi Kula, > > Angira > > > > > > Kula, > > > > > > > Bhrigu Kula, Chyvana Kula, Vyasa Kula etc existed at that > > > > > period – > > > > > > > > > > > > > and the knowledge preserved was so vast. Garga know about > > > this > > > > > > all, > > > > > > > and was part of this great tradition. Even then he felt > > > > > astonished > > > > > > by > > > > > > > the astrological knowledge preserved and propagated by > > > another > > > > > > such > > > > > > > learning center – Yavana Kula. This is wonderful! We could > > > see > > > > > > that > > > > > > > later acharyas started mentioning the name of Yavanewara, > > > > > > including > > > > > > > him in the list of 18 great gurus of astrology. Narada, > > > > Kasyapa, > > > > > > > Parasara – no body failed to mention his name! How great > > an > > > > > > influence > > > > > > > he and his school of thought would have been to Indian > > > > > > astrology?!! > > > > > > > Yes, this `Yavaneswara' is a great Rishi, vast treasure > > house > > > > of > > > > > > > knowledge, worshiped Surya, had some connections outside > > > India, > > > > > > was > > > > > > > well-versed in Sanskrit, was the head guru of Yavana Kula, > > > and > > > > > > lived > > > > > > > before BC 1400. He very much appreciated the astrological > > > > > > tradition > > > > > > > and knowledge of India, adopted many concepts from India > > > > streams > > > > > > and > > > > > > > tried to modify them. This too made the Indian scholars > > give > > > > > > special > > > > > > > attention towards him. This is the knowledge we have about > > > his > > > > > > > mountainous individuality – he stands tall and unique even > > > > among > > > > > > the > > > > > > > peaks! > > > > > > > Yavanewara Hora is the text known by his name. His > > successors > > > > > > (sishya > > > > > > > parampara) like Sphujidwaja, Meena raja amply quotes from > > > this > > > > > > text. > > > > > > > Later day scholars like Mihira too quotes him and mentions > > > the > > > > > > > opinions by him. Yavanswara says that he got this > > knowledge > > > of > > > > > > > astrology from Brahma (Prajapati), which indicates that he > > > was > > > > a > > > > > > > follower of Indian tradition itself, but with somewhat > > slight > > > > > > > difference. > > > > > > > Some problems surfacing > > > > > > > ------------------------------- > > > > > > > If even Garga felt astonished by this knowledge stream how > > > > > Mihira > > > > > > can > > > > > > > not? But due to these mutual appreciation (between Arsha > > and > > > > > > Yavana > > > > > > > schools of astrology) and scholarly interaction many > > problems > > > > > > > surfaced. They are – > > > > > > > • Ancient Indian Rishi Kulas appreciated the > > knowledge > > > of > > > > > > > Yavana school, but never mixed it with there own system. > > > > > > > • Even Garga was not an exception to this even though > > he > > > > > > > himself was somewhat outside the Arsha or Sanatana stream > > due > > > > to > > > > > > the > > > > > > > fact that he was a follower of Jain philosophy (originated > > by > > > > > > > Rishabha Deva). But we should also remember that at that > > > time > > > > > > Jain > > > > > > > hadn't become a separate religion, but was part of the > > Vedic > > > > > > stream. > > > > > > > • Just contrary to this, Yavaneswara tried to lean > > all > > > the > > > > > > > Indian knowledge as well, modified it applying logic, and > > > > taught > > > > > > them > > > > > > > as well in his guru kula. This is evident from the example > > of > > > > > > Nabhasa > > > > > > > yogas. Nabhasa Yogas are just mentioned in Arha (Sanatana) > > > > Rishi > > > > > > > horas like Skanda hora, Brihal prajaptyam etc, but > > > Yavaneswara > > > > > > took > > > > > > > this concept and made the number of named Nabhasa Yogas > > 1800 > > > by > > > > > > > applying permutation combination!!!!! The concept of > > Nabhasa > > > > > yogas > > > > > > > were not totally in line with the foundations of ancient > > > Indian > > > > > > > astrology, that is why the Indian Rishis didn't gave much > > > > > > importance > > > > > > > to them. Yavanewara never bothered about it, took this > > > concept, > > > > > > and > > > > > > > applied maths to it! The result was 1800 Nabhasa yogas, > > out > > > of > > > > > > which > > > > > > > hundreds of them were astronomical impossibilities!! Here > > we > > > > see > > > > > > the > > > > > > > type of interaction and the reason for respect or > > disrespect. > > > > > > > • In the Arsha system of Parasara started mixing the > > > > > concepts > > > > > > > of Yavana, and many of his new concepts as well. Due to > > this > > > he > > > > > > was > > > > > > > also not considered as a true follower of Arsha stream, > > and > > > was > > > > > > even > > > > > > > called Yavana at times, even though he was not Yavana. > > What > > > > ever > > > > > > that > > > > > > > be, Parasara is also honored among the 18 great gurus of > > > > > > Astrology. > > > > > > > We should remember that, Yavana, Romaka, Poulisa, Lomasa & > > > > > > Parasara > > > > > > > schools may not be part of the true (Arsha/Sanatana) > > stream > > > of > > > > > > > astrology. But there was a lot of give and take, and they > > > where > > > > > > also > > > > > > > honored among the 18 like the Rishis of Arsha stream – > > > Brahma, > > > > > > > Vasishta, Kousika, Atri, Manu, Mareechi, Angira, Vyasa, > > > > Sounaka, > > > > > > > Kasyapa, Chyevava, Garga, Brihaspati etc. We should > > remember > > > > the > > > > > > > other reputed scholars like – Bhrigu (Sukra), Agastya, > > Suka, > > > > > Soma, > > > > > > > Skanda, Daksha, Surya etc as well. May be this > > classification > > > > > > itself > > > > > > > is not that correct, since every Rishi Kula may have their > > > > > > uniqueness > > > > > > > in the system of astrology taught and followed. [We > > shouldn't > > > > > > forget > > > > > > > the fact that different teachers teach even the same > > subject > > > > > > > differently, and therefore slight differences are always a > > > > > > > possibility] > > > > > > > • Unlike the ancient Rishis, Mihira also started > > mixing > > > > > Arsha > > > > > > > School of astrology with thoughts and ideas borrowed from > > > > Yavana > > > > > > > School, even though he never introduced hundreds of new > > ideas > > > > > like > > > > > > > Parasara. Even though Mihira was a great teacher this has > > > > became > > > > > a > > > > > > > big cause for confusion in later years. Parasara was a > > Rishi, > > > > > > Mihira > > > > > > > a scholar and there is no comparison, but both of them > > > borrowed > > > > > > ideas > > > > > > > from Yavana school and thus the original school and system > > > fell > > > > > > back > > > > > > > to the back side of memory, and logic and foundations an > > > almost > > > > > > lost > > > > > > > memory. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > This is the brief history of astrology. A problem > > originated > > > > due > > > > > > to > > > > > > > the presence of Yavana school of astrology, but for sure > > not > > > > > > caused > > > > > > > by it, as much as the later great scholars like Parasara > > and > > > > > > Mihira. > > > > > > > If Parasara and Mihira the great teachers of Indian > > astrology > > > > > > deserve > > > > > > > better blame, then how can we blame Yavana school of > > > astrology > > > > > and > > > > > > > the great Yavaneswara who peaks high among many?! This > > school > > > > of > > > > > > > astrology was successful in preserving its teachings and > > > books > > > > > > while > > > > > > > the Arsha school failed to do so!! Shouldn't we appreciate > > > > them, > > > > > > and > > > > > > > learn from them? They adopted even the Arsha > > (astrological) > > > > > ideas > > > > > > as > > > > > > > well and still preserves many and now without their minor > > > help > > > > > we > > > > > > can > > > > > > > not go back and retrieve our originals!!! Apart from this > > > what > > > > a > > > > > > > great system it in itself is!! > > > > > > > [This essay is becoming too long and so I would just brief > > > > about > > > > > > the > > > > > > > other gurus of this stream and conclude] > > > > > > > Sphujidhwaja > > > > > > > ---------------- > > > > > > > He was an Indian king who was well versed in > > Sanskrit, > > > > > Vedic > > > > > > > philosophy and astrology. But he was a follower of Yavana > > > > school > > > > > > of > > > > > > > astrology and considers Yavaneswara as guru. A great text > > > with > > > > > the > > > > > > > name Sphujidhwaja Hora is available – and it is very good > > in > > > > > > > understanding the contributions of Yavana school. > > > > > > > Meenaraja > > > > > > > ------------- > > > > > > > He too was an Indian king, well versed in Sanskrit, > > and > > > a > > > > > > > follower of Yavana school of astrology. A great text with > > the > > > > > name > > > > > > > Meenaraja Hora (Vridha Yavana Hora) is available. It too > > is a > > > > > very > > > > > > > good text. > > > > > > > Maya > > > > > > > ------ > > > > > > > Many are confused about whether to call Maya > > `Yavana' > > > or > > > > > > not. > > > > > > > He is not the student of `Yavaneswara' but `Surya'. As we > > > know > > > > > > `Surya > > > > > > > Kula' was another great teaching center for astrology. > > Maya > > > > > > > modified/wrote `Surya Sidhanta', which later became the > > > > backbone > > > > > > of > > > > > > > Arsha school of astrology. So even if Maya is `Yavana', he > > is > > > > > > Yavana > > > > > > > of a different mould and is not part of the Yavana school > > of > > > > > > > astrology which started from `Yavaneswara'. He was a great > > > > > > architect > > > > > > > as well. Surya Sidhanta, Maya Hora, Maya Matam(Vastu) etc > > are > > > > > some > > > > > > of > > > > > > > the texts by him. He was true acharya with mathematical > > par > > > > > > > excellence, and may be only Aryabhata I of later years > > have > > > any > > > > > > > comparison to him. Maya is not part of this school of > > > astrology > > > > > > > taught by `Yavaneswara'. > > > > > > > Manindha > > > > > > > ------------ > > > > > > > Manindha Hora is the text by him. Mihira mentions > > and > > > > > quotes > > > > > > > form this text and mention the name of Manindha with > > respect. > > > > > > Manidha > > > > > > > Hora is not available today. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Srutakeerti > > > > > > > --------------- > > > > > > > Srutakeerti was a hindu king, but he followed Yavana > > > > > stream > > > > > > > of astrology. Srutakeerti Hora is the text by him. > > Mihira > > > > > > mentions > > > > > > > and quotes form this text and mention the name of > > > Sruitakeerti > > > > > > with > > > > > > > respect. Srutakeerti Hora is not available today. > > > > > > > Other gurus > > > > > > > -------------- > > > > > > > There might have been many other gurus in this > > school > > > of > > > > > > > thought but the names of many are not popular may be due > > to > > > the > > > > > > all > > > > > > > covering presence of Sphujidhwaja and Meenaraja. Later > > people > > > > > > started > > > > > > > calling Sphujidhwaja by the name `Yavana'and Meenaraja by > > the > > > > > > > name `Vridha Yavana'. Only a few scholars were good enough > > to > > > > > come > > > > > > > out of this shade. One of them is Haraji. > > > > > > > Haraji > > > > > > > ------- > > > > > > > He is the author of Manasagari Jataka padhati. He > > is a > > > > > > > Gujarat Brahmin born of `Sandilya gotra'. But he too > > followed > > > > > the > > > > > > > Yavana system of astrology. Therefore Manasagari Jataka > > > > padhati > > > > > > > should be considered as one of the last text in Yavana > > school > > > > of > > > > > > > astrology. > > > > > > > The Yavana school of astrology is one of the well > > > reputed > > > > > > and > > > > > > > respects schools of ancient Indian astrology, like the > > Arsha > > > > > > school & > > > > > > > Jain school of ancient Indian astrology. The now extinct > > > > > > prediction > > > > > > > schemes of Vedic school and Tantric school also needs > > > mention, > > > > > > from > > > > > > > which everything seems to have originated. (Call them > > Vedic > > > and > > > > > > Non- > > > > > > > Vedic or Nigama and Agama origin of everything if you > > want). > > > > > > > > > > =============================================================== > > > > > > > > > > > > > > In this article I had tried to give a brief idea about > > > the > > > > > > Yavana > > > > > > > school of astrology and its books and masters, as far as I > > > > know. > > > > > > > History is not always simple – it always hides something > > far > > > > > > beneath > > > > > > > hiding even the sources for retrieving them. I hope this > > > > article > > > > > > may > > > > > > > help you in getting a glimpse of the almost forgotten > > history > > > > of > > > > > > > Yavana school of astrology. > > > > > > > Love, > > > > > > > Sreenadh > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
Guest guest Posted May 22, 2006 Report Share Posted May 22, 2006 Vinitaji, just read this interesting story...... Say What? The European Commission has just announced an agreement whereby English will be the official language of the European Union rather than German, which was the other possibility. As part of the negotiations, the British Government conceded that English spelling had some room for improvement and has accepted a 5- year phase-in plan that would become known as "Euro-English". In the first year, "s" will replace the soft "c". Sertainly, this will make the sivil servants jump with joy. The hard "c" will be dropped in favour of "k". This should klear up konfusion, and keyboards kan have one less letter. There will be growing publik enthusiasm in the sekond year when the troublesome "ph" will be replaced with "f". This will make words like fotograf 20% shorter. In the 3rd year, publik akseptanse of the new spelling kan be expekted to reach the stage where more komplikated changes are possible. Governments will enkourage the removal of double letters which have always ben a deterent to akurate speling. Also, al wil agre that the horibl mes of the silent "e" in the languag is disgrasful and it should go away. By the 4th yer people wil be reseptiv to steps such as replasing "th" with "z" and "w" with "v". During ze fifz yer, ze unesesary "o" kan be dropd from vords kontaining "ou" and after ziz fifz yer, ve vil hav a reil sensibl riten styl. Zer vil be no mor trubl or difikultis and evrivun vil find it ezi tu understand ech oza. Ze drem of a united urop vil finali kum tru. Und efter ze fifz yer, ve vil al be speking German like zey vunted in ze forst plas. If zis mad you smil, pleas pas on to oza pepl. Regards,Pradeep - vinita kumar Monday, May 22, 2006 8:45 PM Re: 10 tips for better writing Dear Pradeepji,I remember somebody had once posted a whole big paragraph consisting of miserably misspelt words -- but because of some key letters in each word one could read the entire para without any difficulty.I was myself quite surprised at this.Similarly, often when our grammar is wrong, the sentence still makes sense.But remove a small comma after Eats....and the entire definition of the Panda changes to "Eats shoots and leaves."In urdu they say that with one "nuktakhuda" becomes "juda". Look at the power of separation of the dot here.(But that belongs to the area of spelling, i suppose).Love,Vinita , "Pradeep" <psd1955 wrote:>> Vinitaji,> Not just punctuation .... even spellings and grammar matter.> Pradeep> > > , "vinita kumar"> <shankar_mamta@> wrote:> >> > Dear All,> > > > There are a lot of funny things about punctuation marks. One story > > which became quite famous a couple of years back with the > > publication of a book by Lynn Truss goes as follows:> > > > A panda walks into a cafe. He orders a sandwich, eats it, and draws > > a gun and fires two shots in the air.> > > > "Why?" asks the waiter, as the panda makes towards the exit. The > > panda produces a badly punctuated wildlife manual and tosses it over > > his shoulder.> > > > "I'm a panda," he says, at the door. "Look it up."> > > > The waiter turns to the relevant entry and, sure enough, finds an > > explanation.> > > > "PANDA. Large black-and-white bear-like mammal, native to China. > > Eats, shoots and leaves."> > > > SO, PUNCTUATION REALLY DOES MATTER, EVEN IF IT IS ONLY OCCASSIONALLY > > A MATTER OF LIFE AND DEATH.> > > > There are many horror stories like this (though no one was hurt in > > this one) which are humorous too!> > > > > > Love,> > Vinita > > > > , "Sreenadh" > > <sreesog@> wrote:> > >> > > Dear RK ji,> > > Thanks for the directions. I found the follwing in one of my > > > collections from the net. I don't remember from where I collected > > it. > > > But my regards to the person who listed them. I think it is time > > that > > > I should give a serious look at it. > > > ================================================================> > > 10 tips for better writing> > > --------------------------> > > > > > The following list of tips should help you to avoid some of the > > > most > > > common slip-ups. > > > > > > 1. Capitals: Avoid the temptation to capitalize words in the > > > middle > > > of a sentence Just To Provide Emphasis Like This. If you want to > > be > > > more emphatic consider using bold face, italics, color or larger > > > text. > > > > > > 2. Commas: The most common use of the comma is to join together > > > short sentences to make a single longer sentence. We do this with > > one > > > of > > > the following small joining words: and, or, but, yet, for, nor, or > > > so. > > > For example: > > > We have finished the work, and we are looking forward to the > > > weekend. > > > Notice that the two halves of this sentence could each be > > sentences > > > in > > > their own right. They thus need to be separated with a comma and > > > joining word. In the next example, though, we don't need a comma: > > We > > > have > > > finished the work and are looking forward to the weekend. > > > The halves of that sentence could not stand alone, so no comma > > was > > > used.> > > > > > 3. Ellipsis: The ellipsis is a series of three -- and ONLY > > THREE --> > > > > > full stops used to mark missing words, an uncertain pause, or an > > > abrupt > > > interruption. Avoid the temptation to use six or seven dots -- it > > > looks > > > amateurish. For example, we write: > > > > > > > > > Niles: But Miss Fine's age is only ... > > > Fran: Young! Miss Fine's age is only young! > > > > > > 4. Excessive punctuation:> > > > > > Only one exclamation mark or question mark should be used at a > > > time. > > > Consider the following over-punctuated examples: > > > > > > > > > Buy now!!! > > > Great bargains!!!!!!!!!! Excessive punctuation looks too much like > > > hysteria and detracts from your credibility. Avoid it. > > > 5. Headings: > > > For long works, establish a clear hierarchy of headings. Microsoft > > > Word's heading styles are great for this. (They also allow you to > > > automatically create a table of contents.) > > > 6. Hyphenating prefixes:Most prefixes don't need a hyphen; i.e. > > we > > > write "coexist", not "co-exist". There are exceptions, though. The > > > prefixes "self-" and "ex-" are almost always hyphenated. > > > 7. Numbers:Numbers of ten or less are normally written as words. > > > > > > 8. Quotation marks:> > > Users of American English should use double quotes (). Users > > of > > > British English should choose either single quotes (' ') or double > > > quotes > > > and stick with them for the whole document. Incidentally, British > > > English usage is increasingly moving towards single quotes. > > > > > > 9. Spaces: Modern style is to use a single space at the end of > > a > > > sentence, not two. Also, most punctuation marks (e.g. commas, full > > > stops, > > > question marks) are not preceded by a space. > > > > > > 10.Tables: Set table text one or two points smaller than the > > main > > > body text and in a sans-serif font such as Arial or Verdana. Avoid > > > vertical lines as they tend to add unnecessary clutter. > > > Armed with these simple guidelines, your business writing should > > be > > > well received every time. Good luck! > > > =============================================================> > > I am posting it here because I think that it may help many, like > > it > > > helped me.> > > Love,> > > Sreenadh> > > > > > , "Sreenadh" > > > <sreesog@> wrote:> > > >> > > > Dear RK ji,> > > > > Uh, the many notes of interrogation compounded by those of > > > > > exclamation.> > > > I am not that good in English, and is just learning to express > > my > > > > thought in it. Child's mistakes - since I am still seeking > > for > > > my > > > > true style of words. I am suffering of poor vocabulary, > > > indigested > > > > words, and mal nutrition as far as English is concerned. > > > > May be you too can guide me in this regard. > > > > Love,> > > > Sreenadh> > > > > > > > , "arkaydash" > > > > <arkaydash@> wrote:> > > > >> > > > > My dear Shreenadhji,> > > > > As I size you up from feet upward I see this. > > > > > > > > > > "Trying to transilate them is a herculian task - and who is > > going > > > > to > > > > > publish them? They are already born children - and in mean > > time > > > > more > > > > > children take birth as well! What should I do??!!!!!"> > > > > > > > > > Uh, the many notes of interrogation compounded by those of > > > > > exclamation. Well, your true-borns can be rendered 'dwija'. > > Four > > > > are > > > > > quite many though. By and by we can make it. > > > > > > > > > > RK> > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > , sree nadh > > > > > <sreesog@> wrote:> > > > > >> > > > > > Dear RK ji,> > > > > > I have only the samples collected from every where, and > > note > > > > > many of those horas. > > > > > > Yes, for sure we can share those samples. > > > > > > I will start a try in some of the coming mails. > > > > > > > > > > > > P.S.: I am trying to make things systematic. That is - > > > > > > First on schools - Then we would have an idea about the > > > depths > > > > > we are looking to.> > > > > > Then about the methods (of interpretation) - Let us make > > them > > > > > systematic too.> > > > > > Yes, some where in between, the point put forward by you > > is > > > > also > > > > > very important - so I will give it prime importance too.> > > > > > > > > > > > ==>> > > > > > These then are some of the articles you have published. > > Share > > > > > with > > > > > > the forum some of your other publihed work.> > > > > > <==> > > > > > No! These are articles now written for this forum alone - > > > They > > > > > are now published articles. Most of my published works (not > > much -> > > > > > > > only 4 books) are in malayalam - and would be no use to you. > > > Trying > > > > > to transilate them is a herculian task - and who is going to > > > > publish > > > > > them? They are already born children - and in mean time more > > > > > children take birth as well ! What should I do??!!!!! > > > > > > Love,> > > > > > Sreenadh> > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > arkaydash <arkaydash@> wrote:> > > > > > Dear S-ji> > > > > > > > > > > > These then are some of the articles you have published. > > Share > > > > with > > > > > > the forum some of your other publihed work. Pls move on to > > more > > > > > > ready-to-use material. > > > > > > I have a suggestion (more a request actually). Could you pls > > > take > > > > > > the pains of sampling here portions the precious Horas you > > > have, > > > > > > maybe step by step or at random depending on areas wanting > > in > > > > > > consensus.> > > > > > > > > > > > RK> > > > > > > > > > > > , "Sreenadh" > > > > > > <sreesog@> wrote:> > > > > > >> > > > > > > Dear All,> > > > > > > Given below is an article on Yavana school of astrology.> > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > ==============================================================> > > > > > > Yavana School of Astrology> > > > > > > ==========================> > > > > > > There is a controversy about the meaning of the word > > Yavana. > > > > > > Modern > > > > > > > historians almost always erroneously take `Yavana' to mean > > > > > > `Greek'. > > > > > > > Of course Greeks where called Yavana by Indians for a long > > > > time, > > > > > > and > > > > > > > so it is not completely wrong to take `Yavana' to mean > > > `Greek' > > > > > if > > > > > > one > > > > > > > is talking about the a limited historic period, i.e. > > Period > > > > > after > > > > > > the > > > > > > > invasion of Alexander. But when we look at the literature, > > we > > > > > see > > > > > > > that the word Yavana is used to indicate Pharsi or Persian > > in > > > > > > several > > > > > > > instances. The popular definition of this word, supported > > by > > > > > > classics > > > > > > > is that, any person who is not a native of India and does > > > > follow > > > > > > our > > > > > > > custom and tradition is called Yavana. So the point to be > > > kept > > > > > in > > > > > > > mind is that-> > > > > > > • The `Yavana' has some link outside India> > > > > > > • Their tradition and system is slightly different > > than > > > > > ours.> > > > > > > • The heir (sons and daughters) and successors of a > > > > > `Yavana' > > > > > > > (Guru-sishya paramapara) would be termed `Yavana'.> > > > > > > The 3rd point is often ignored by even the learned. It > > > > > essentially > > > > > > > means that at times even people who were and born and > > lived > > > in > > > > > > India, > > > > > > > and even followed the Indian custom and tradition where > > > > > > > termed `Yavana' only because, they were the descendents of > > > > > > Yavana. > > > > > > > Before the arrival of Greeks it was Persian peoples who > > were > > > > > known > > > > > > by > > > > > > > the word `Yavana', and even before that? Yes, at that time > > it > > > > > > could > > > > > > > mean even people from `Afghanistan', `China', or `Egypt', > > > i.e. > > > > > any > > > > > > > where outside India or their descendants or followers > > > > (students).> > > > > > > Yavaneswara> > > > > > > ----------------> > > > > > > Someone in ancient past brought some new knowledge of > > > astrology > > > > > to > > > > > > > India. It was even before the period of Parasara (1400 > > BC), > > > and > > > > > > this > > > > > > > great scholar gets mentioned by Parasara, Narada, Kasyapa > > and > > > > > many > > > > > > > more. He must have been an astonishing store house of > > > > knowledge, > > > > > > and > > > > > > > well versed in Sanskrit, even the Rishis considered him as > > an > > > > > > Rishi. > > > > > > > His great knowledge, made Rishi Garga speak out-> > > > > > > Mlescha hi yavanasteshu samyak sastramidam stitam> > > > > > > Rishivattepi pujyante kim puna daiva vad dwija> > > > > > > Meaning, even though a person outside from, by native > > place > > > or > > > > > > > tradition followed, the knowledge of astrology is well > > > settled > > > > > and > > > > > > > find comfort in `Yavana' (Yavana Kula). Because of this > > they > > > > are > > > > > > > worshiped like Rishis. Then why not if a person who took > > > second > > > > > > birth > > > > > > > by devoting himself to knowledge and is learning astrology?> > > > > > > We should remember that Garga was the head guru (like > > > > chancellor > > > > > > of a > > > > > > > university) of the Garga kula. Many great learning centers > > > like > > > > > > > Vasishta Kula, Kousika kula, Atri Kula, Mareechi Kula, > > Angira > > > > > > Kula, > > > > > > > Bhrigu Kula, Chyvana Kula, Vyasa Kula etc existed at that > > > > > period –> > > > > > > > > > > > > and the knowledge preserved was so vast. Garga know about > > > this > > > > > > all, > > > > > > > and was part of this great tradition. Even then he felt > > > > > astonished > > > > > > by > > > > > > > the astrological knowledge preserved and propagated by > > > another > > > > > > such > > > > > > > learning center – Yavana Kula. This is wonderful! We could > > > see > > > > > > that > > > > > > > later acharyas started mentioning the name of Yavanewara, > > > > > > including > > > > > > > him in the list of 18 great gurus of astrology. Narada, > > > > Kasyapa, > > > > > > > Parasara – no body failed to mention his name! How great > > an > > > > > > influence > > > > > > > he and his school of thought would have been to Indian > > > > > > astrology?!! > > > > > > > Yes, this `Yavaneswara' is a great Rishi, vast treasure > > house > > > > of > > > > > > > knowledge, worshiped Surya, had some connections outside > > > India, > > > > > > was > > > > > > > well-versed in Sanskrit, was the head guru of Yavana Kula, > > > and > > > > > > lived > > > > > > > before BC 1400. He very much appreciated the astrological > > > > > > tradition > > > > > > > and knowledge of India, adopted many concepts from India > > > > streams > > > > > > and > > > > > > > tried to modify them. This too made the Indian scholars > > give > > > > > > special > > > > > > > attention towards him. This is the knowledge we have about > > > his > > > > > > > mountainous individuality – he stands tall and unique even > > > > among > > > > > > the > > > > > > > peaks! > > > > > > > Yavanewara Hora is the text known by his name. His > > successors > > > > > > (sishya > > > > > > > parampara) like Sphujidwaja, Meena raja amply quotes from > > > this > > > > > > text. > > > > > > > Later day scholars like Mihira too quotes him and mentions > > > the > > > > > > > opinions by him. Yavanswara says that he got this > > knowledge > > > of > > > > > > > astrology from Brahma (Prajapati), which indicates that he > > > was > > > > a > > > > > > > follower of Indian tradition itself, but with somewhat > > slight > > > > > > > difference.> > > > > > > Some problems surfacing> > > > > > > -------------------------------> > > > > > > If even Garga felt astonished by this knowledge stream how > > > > > Mihira > > > > > > can > > > > > > > not? But due to these mutual appreciation (between Arsha > > and > > > > > > Yavana > > > > > > > schools of astrology) and scholarly interaction many > > problems > > > > > > > surfaced. They are – > > > > > > > • Ancient Indian Rishi Kulas appreciated the > > knowledge > > > of > > > > > > > Yavana school, but never mixed it with there own system.> > > > > > > • Even Garga was not an exception to this even though > > he > > > > > > > himself was somewhat outside the Arsha or Sanatana stream > > due > > > > to > > > > > > the > > > > > > > fact that he was a follower of Jain philosophy (originated > > by > > > > > > > Rishabha Deva). But we should also remember that at that > > > time > > > > > > Jain > > > > > > > hadn't become a separate religion, but was part of the > > Vedic > > > > > > stream.> > > > > > > • Just contrary to this, Yavaneswara tried to lean > > all > > > the > > > > > > > Indian knowledge as well, modified it applying logic, and > > > > taught > > > > > > them > > > > > > > as well in his guru kula. This is evident from the example > > of > > > > > > Nabhasa > > > > > > > yogas. Nabhasa Yogas are just mentioned in Arha (Sanatana) > > > > Rishi > > > > > > > horas like Skanda hora, Brihal prajaptyam etc, but > > > Yavaneswara > > > > > > took > > > > > > > this concept and made the number of named Nabhasa Yogas > > 1800 > > > by > > > > > > > applying permutation combination!!!!! The concept of > > Nabhasa > > > > > yogas > > > > > > > were not totally in line with the foundations of ancient > > > Indian > > > > > > > astrology, that is why the Indian Rishis didn't gave much > > > > > > importance > > > > > > > to them. Yavanewara never bothered about it, took this > > > concept, > > > > > > and > > > > > > > applied maths to it! The result was 1800 Nabhasa yogas, > > out > > > of > > > > > > which > > > > > > > hundreds of them were astronomical impossibilities!! Here > > we > > > > see > > > > > > the > > > > > > > type of interaction and the reason for respect or > > disrespect.> > > > > > > • In the Arsha system of Parasara started mixing the > > > > > concepts > > > > > > > of Yavana, and many of his new concepts as well. Due to > > this > > > he > > > > > > was > > > > > > > also not considered as a true follower of Arsha stream, > > and > > > was > > > > > > even > > > > > > > called Yavana at times, even though he was not Yavana. > > What > > > > ever > > > > > > that > > > > > > > be, Parasara is also honored among the 18 great gurus of > > > > > > Astrology. > > > > > > > We should remember that, Yavana, Romaka, Poulisa, Lomasa & > > > > > > Parasara > > > > > > > schools may not be part of the true (Arsha/Sanatana) > > stream > > > of > > > > > > > astrology. But there was a lot of give and take, and they > > > where > > > > > > also > > > > > > > honored among the 18 like the Rishis of Arsha stream – > > > Brahma, > > > > > > > Vasishta, Kousika, Atri, Manu, Mareechi, Angira, Vyasa, > > > > Sounaka, > > > > > > > Kasyapa, Chyevava, Garga, Brihaspati etc. We should > > remember > > > > the > > > > > > > other reputed scholars like – Bhrigu (Sukra), Agastya, > > Suka, > > > > > Soma, > > > > > > > Skanda, Daksha, Surya etc as well. May be this > > classification > > > > > > itself > > > > > > > is not that correct, since every Rishi Kula may have their > > > > > > uniqueness > > > > > > > in the system of astrology taught and followed. [We > > shouldn't > > > > > > forget > > > > > > > the fact that different teachers teach even the same > > subject > > > > > > > differently, and therefore slight differences are always a > > > > > > > possibility]> > > > > > > • Unlike the ancient Rishis, Mihira also started > > mixing > > > > > Arsha > > > > > > > School of astrology with thoughts and ideas borrowed from > > > > Yavana > > > > > > > School, even though he never introduced hundreds of new > > ideas > > > > > like > > > > > > > Parasara. Even though Mihira was a great teacher this has > > > > became > > > > > a > > > > > > > big cause for confusion in later years. Parasara was a > > Rishi, > > > > > > Mihira > > > > > > > a scholar and there is no comparison, but both of them > > > borrowed > > > > > > ideas > > > > > > > from Yavana school and thus the original school and system > > > fell > > > > > > back > > > > > > > to the back side of memory, and logic and foundations an > > > almost > > > > > > lost > > > > > > > memory.> > > > > > > > > > > > > > This is the brief history of astrology. A problem > > originated > > > > due > > > > > > to > > > > > > > the presence of Yavana school of astrology, but for sure > > not > > > > > > caused > > > > > > > by it, as much as the later great scholars like Parasara > > and > > > > > > Mihira. > > > > > > > If Parasara and Mihira the great teachers of Indian > > astrology > > > > > > deserve > > > > > > > better blame, then how can we blame Yavana school of > > > astrology > > > > > and > > > > > > > the great Yavaneswara who peaks high among many?! This > > school > > > > of > > > > > > > astrology was successful in preserving its teachings and > > > books > > > > > > while > > > > > > > the Arsha school failed to do so!! Shouldn't we appreciate > > > > them, > > > > > > and > > > > > > > learn from them? They adopted even the Arsha > > (astrological) > > > > > ideas > > > > > > as > > > > > > > well and still preserves many and now without their minor > > > help > > > > > we > > > > > > can > > > > > > > not go back and retrieve our originals!!! Apart from this > > > what > > > > a > > > > > > > great system it in itself is!!> > > > > > > [This essay is becoming too long and so I would just brief > > > > about > > > > > > the > > > > > > > other gurus of this stream and conclude]> > > > > > > Sphujidhwaja> > > > > > > ----------------> > > > > > > He was an Indian king who was well versed in > > Sanskrit, > > > > > Vedic > > > > > > > philosophy and astrology. But he was a follower of Yavana > > > > school > > > > > > of > > > > > > > astrology and considers Yavaneswara as guru. A great text > > > with > > > > > the > > > > > > > name Sphujidhwaja Hora is available – and it is very good > > in > > > > > > > understanding the contributions of Yavana school.> > > > > > > Meenaraja> > > > > > > -------------> > > > > > > He too was an Indian king, well versed in Sanskrit, > > and > > > a > > > > > > > follower of Yavana school of astrology. A great text with > > the > > > > > name > > > > > > > Meenaraja Hora (Vridha Yavana Hora) is available. It too > > is a > > > > > very > > > > > > > good text.> > > > > > > Maya> > > > > > > ------> > > > > > > Many are confused about whether to call Maya > > `Yavana' > > > or > > > > > > not. > > > > > > > He is not the student of `Yavaneswara' but `Surya'. As we > > > know > > > > > > `Surya > > > > > > > Kula' was another great teaching center for astrology. > > Maya > > > > > > > modified/wrote `Surya Sidhanta', which later became the > > > > backbone > > > > > > of > > > > > > > Arsha school of astrology. So even if Maya is `Yavana', he > > is > > > > > > Yavana > > > > > > > of a different mould and is not part of the Yavana school > > of > > > > > > > astrology which started from `Yavaneswara'. He was a great > > > > > > architect > > > > > > > as well. Surya Sidhanta, Maya Hora, Maya Matam(Vastu) etc > > are > > > > > some > > > > > > of > > > > > > > the texts by him. He was true acharya with mathematical > > par > > > > > > > excellence, and may be only Aryabhata I of later years > > have > > > any > > > > > > > comparison to him. Maya is not part of this school of > > > astrology > > > > > > > taught by `Yavaneswara'.> > > > > > > Manindha> > > > > > > ------------> > > > > > > Manindha Hora is the text by him. Mihira mentions > > and > > > > > quotes > > > > > > > form this text and mention the name of Manindha with > > respect. > > > > > > Manidha > > > > > > > Hora is not available today.> > > > > > > > > > > > > > Srutakeerti> > > > > > > ---------------> > > > > > > Srutakeerti was a hindu king, but he followed Yavana > > > > > stream > > > > > > > of astrology. Srutakeerti Hora is the text by him. > > Mihira > > > > > > mentions > > > > > > > and quotes form this text and mention the name of > > > Sruitakeerti > > > > > > with > > > > > > > respect. Srutakeerti Hora is not available today.> > > > > > > Other gurus> > > > > > > --------------> > > > > > > There might have been many other gurus in this > > school > > > of > > > > > > > thought but the names of many are not popular may be due > > to > > > the > > > > > > all > > > > > > > covering presence of Sphujidhwaja and Meenaraja. Later > > people > > > > > > started > > > > > > > calling Sphujidhwaja by the name `Yavana'and Meenaraja by > > the > > > > > > > name `Vridha Yavana'. Only a few scholars were good enough > > to > > > > > come > > > > > > > out of this shade. One of them is Haraji.> > > > > > > Haraji> > > > > > > -------> > > > > > > He is the author of Manasagari Jataka padhati. He > > is a > > > > > > > Gujarat Brahmin born of `Sandilya gotra'. But he too > > followed > > > > > the > > > > > > > Yavana system of astrology. Therefore Manasagari Jataka > > > > padhati > > > > > > > should be considered as one of the last text in Yavana > > school > > > > of > > > > > > > astrology. > > > > > > > The Yavana school of astrology is one of the well > > > reputed > > > > > > and > > > > > > > respects schools of ancient Indian astrology, like the > > Arsha > > > > > > school & > > > > > > > Jain school of ancient Indian astrology. The now extinct > > > > > > prediction > > > > > > > schemes of Vedic school and Tantric school also needs > > > mention, > > > > > > from > > > > > > > which everything seems to have originated. (Call them > > Vedic > > > and > > > > > > Non-> > > > > > > Vedic or Nigama and Agama origin of everything if you > > want). > > > > > > > > > > ===============================================================> > > > > > > > > > > > > > In this article I had tried to give a brief idea about > > > the > > > > > > Yavana > > > > > > > school of astrology and its books and masters, as far as I > > > > know. > > > > > > > History is not always simple – it always hides something > > far > > > > > > beneath > > > > > > > hiding even the sources for retrieving them. I hope this > > > > article > > > > > > may > > > > > > > help you in getting a glimpse of the almost forgotten > > history > > > > of > > > > > > > Yavana school of astrology.> > > > > > > Love,> > > > > > > Sreenadh> > > > > > >> > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Quote Link to comment Share on other sites More sharing options...
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