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Common Sanskrit Pronunciation Errors (Part 1)

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Namaste friends,

 

Ramakrishna Paramahamsa once said that even Vedas are corrupted these days. It is the nature of Kali yuga to corrupt everything.

 

It is my feeling that many people, including highly learned Vedic scholars, pronounce some sounds in Sanskrit mantras (including Veda mantras) incorrectly.

 

Of course, pronunciation is not everything. Having devotion and the spirit of surrender to god is even more important. However, pronunciation is a factor too. Especially, correct pronunciation is very important in Veda mantras. Wrong pronunciation of a Veda mantra can stop one from the most complete experience of the mantra. In fact, we have a lot of people who can memorize and repeat Veda mantras, but very few who can actually "experience" a mantra.

 

Over the next few months, I will write my views on correct pronunciation and point out some common errors. If you do not think that correct pronunciation is important or if you disagree with my assessment of the errors or if you do not want to change your pronunciation, please ignore my writings on this subject. On the other hand, if you are open to changing your pronunciation, please give a consideration to my views and adopt my suggestions if you find them appropriate.

 

* * *

 

Take the "t" sound at the end of the words like "prachodayaat", "ava purastaat", "sahasrapaat" etc. Most priests and scholars pronounce this sound incorrectly. They change "t" to something like "tu" or "ttu" or "ti" or "tti". There is a reason why this corruption came into practice, but it is a corruption nevertheless.

 

In "prachodayaat", the sound "yaat" as one letter/syllable/akshara. If you change it into "yaattu" or "yaatu" by adding a vowel sound at the end, it becomes two aksharas. This increases the number of aksharas, changes the chhandas and changes the meaning also. You may still experience something when meditating on the mantra, but you will never experience the mantra to the fullest with that pronunciation.

 

Akshara means "unperished". Vowels (swaras) are the praana (life force) of an akshara. If you have just a consonant without a vowel after it, then it has no praana. It is kshara and NOT an akshara. It perishes. For example, if you pronounce "t" as is (without adding any sounds to it), you cannot sustain the sound and the listener cannot decipher what exactly you pronounced. It has no life force.

 

 

In "prachodayaat", the whole sound "yaat" is one akshara. Because "t" has no praana by itself, it simply joins to the akshara "yaa" (which has the vowel "aa" as its praana) and becomes part of that akshara. In chhandas, "yaat" is considered one letter (one guru). When you pronounce "yaat" correctly, it is difficult for the listener to know for sure whether you said "yaat" or "yaak" or "yaan". It is possible if one listens carefully, but otherwise difficult. The "t" at the end is a very quick and abrupt transient sound without praana. So it tough to hear clearly.

This makes people add some vowel to it (like "u" or "a" or "o" or "i" or some other vowel sound in between them) so that the "t" sound gets a praana and becomes clearly audible. It suddenly becomes an akshara and the chhandas changes.

 

Probably, some big teacher started pronouncing "yaat" as "yaatu" so that "t" gets a praana of itself and becomes very clear to hear, so that his students would not get confused when learning. Probably the students thought the mantra was "yaatu" (instead of "yaat") and got used to that mis-pronunciation. Probably, that became a standard practice after a couple of centuries.

 

If you pronounce the English word "path", you do not change it to "paaththu". You say "th" at the end of "path" as a consonant and leave it there. You don't force an vowel sound to be added at the end. The same thing holds for "t" in "prachodayaat".

 

* * *

 

What I said about words ending in consonants applies to all consonants and not just "t", though "t" is more commonly encountered. There can be words that end in "n" or "k" etc also. There also, people normally add an artificial vowel sound at the end and end up changing the chhandas and altering the flow of energy in the mantra. That is also wrong.

 

* * *

 

One more common mistake is the sound "tha" (as in "kathaa" = story). Most south Indians pronounce this as "dha" (as in "dhana" = money). In Telugu and Kannada scripts, the symbols of tha and dha looks very similar and just one dot in the middle is different. It is possible that some people started mispronouncing this sound because of their inability to see the dot and others started following. Now pronouncing tha as dha became mainstream and one pronouncing correctly will be the odd person out.

 

Sanskrit is not English. We never have two different symbols for the same sound or two different sounds for the same symbol. The letters "tha" and "dha" are different and their sounds are different too. Pronounce "t" (as in "tanu" = body or "taamra" = copper) with a stress/aspiration to get "th" (as in "kathaa" = story).

 

In the sankalpa before many poojas, people say "dharmaartha kaama moksha chaturvidha purushaartha siddhyartham". This means "for attaining the purusharthas (purposes of human existence) - dharma (fulfilling duties), artha (work and money), kaama (fulfilling desires) and moksha (developing detachment)". Most people end up pronouncing "dharmaartha kaama moksha" as "dharmaardha kaama moksha". It means "half of dharma, kaama and moksha". Even "siddhardham" means "half attainment" and "purushaardha" means "half a human". Mis-pronunciation in this sankalpa is a bad mistake and I have seen it committed by many many trained priests!

 

When you read Vaidika/Taantrika/Pouranika mantras, pay attention to the difference between "tha" and "dha" and learn to pronounce them differently. When you see "tha" or "dha" in the mantra, pay extra attention to ensure that you are not confusing tha for dha.

 

* * *

 

There are several other mistakes (in my view) commonly made by most people in the pronunciation of Sanskrit mantras. I will be pointing them out slowly in the next few months, whenever the Mother allows me to.

 

Please give me your consideration and take my input into consideration in altering your pronunciation (if you are open to that). If you don't find any sense in what I am saying or want to continue as taught by your gurus, I can understand that. I am not here to change everybody's pronunciation. But, because She inspired me to share my thoughts with the world, I am guessing that there are SOME who are destined to change their pronunciation based on my views. That is why I am writing these mails.

 

If you do not like this discussion, I am sorry and just ignore this idiot!

 

 

Best regards,NarasimhaDo Ganapathi Homam Yourself: http://www.VedicAstrologer.org/homamSpirituality: Free Jyotish lessons (MP3): http://vedicastro.home.comcast.netFree Jyotish software (Windows): http://www.VedicAstrologer.orgSri Jagannath Centre (SJC) website: http://www.SriJagannath.org

 

 

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Dear Sri Narasimha, namaste & pranaams

 

> If you do not like this discussion, I am sorry and just ignore this idiot!

 

The Sringeri Shankaracharya said this very beautifully: " Knowledge without humbleness is not wisdom. The moment we start thinking that we know everything and that there is nothing to be learnt, God will see that there is nothing to be learnt further! "

 

 

Your post on common pronounciation errors is timely and probably motivated by the on-going discussion in the sohamsa forum on the strange results of the Devi Kavacham reading. In this context, it is worth mentioning an interesting anecdote: A learned pandita went to Sringeri and had the darshan of His Holiness, Sri Abhinava Vidya Teertha Mahaswamigal. The peerless Guru was pleased with the pandita's devotion and enquired as to whether he was doing the Devi Mahatmyam reading every day. The pandita replied in the affirmative but mentioned that he faced a peculiar problem. The problem was that he married three times but all his wives died shortly after marriage! The peerless Guru medidated for sometime on this problem and then asked him to recite a particular portion of the Devi Kavacham in front of him. The problem was soon identified: There is a particular phrase in the Devi Kavacham which says " Protect my spouse " . The pandita pronounced this phrase in such a way that it translated to " Destroy my spouse! " . And the Devi obliged....Anyhow this anecdote shows the importance of proper pronounciation.

 

 

I think that the root of the problems listed in the Devi kavacham mail on sohamsa forum is pronounciation errors. That is why I suggested they visit the Sringeri Shankaracharya for advice.

 

 

***

On another note: those with strong Guru in lagna or 2nd house are protected from the effects of pronounciation errors. Regardless, it is always advisable to do chanting in complete surrender and accept that we can and will make mistakes some times so that asking for forgivance of the various errors committed during chanting becomes a very sensible proposition.

 

 

best regards

Hari

 

 

 

On Nov 17, 2007 8:10 AM, Narasimha P.V.R. Rao <pvr wrote:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

If you do not like this discussion, I am sorry and just ignore this idiot!

..

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Namaste Narasimha Rao garu,

 

Thank you for giving us the true knowledge and importance of

pronounciation in a mantra. I look forward to know more about

pronounciation of mantras, and will see that I start pronouncing the

mantra correctly. Please mention the important mantras which are mis

pronounced these days, so that we shall start changing our

pronounciation Sir.

 

 

Thank You for sharing your knowledge with us.

 

Hari Om,

 

Rajesh

 

 

, " Narasimha P.V.R. Rao " <pvr

wrote:

>

> Namaste friends,

>

> Ramakrishna Paramahamsa once said that even Vedas are corrupted

these days. It is the nature of Kali yuga to corrupt everything.

>

> It is my feeling that many people, including highly learned Vedic

scholars, pronounce some sounds in Sanskrit mantras (including Veda

mantras) incorrectly.

>

> Of course, pronunciation is not everything. Having devotion and the

spirit of surrender to god is even more important. However,

pronunciation is a factor too. Especially, correct pronunciation is

very important in Veda mantras. Wrong pronunciation of a Veda mantra

can stop one from the most complete experience of the mantra. In

fact, we have a lot of people who can memorize and repeat Veda

mantras, but very few who can actually " experience " a mantra.

>

> Over the next few months, I will write my views on correct

pronunciation and point out some common errors. If you do not think

that correct pronunciation is important or if you disagree with my

assessment of the errors or if you do not want to change your

pronunciation, please ignore my writings on this subject. On the

other hand, if you are open to changing your pronunciation, please

give a consideration to my views and adopt my suggestions if you find

them appropriate.

>

> * * *

>

> Take the " t " sound at the end of the words

like " prachodayaat " , " ava purastaat " , " sahasrapaat " etc. Most priests

and scholars pronounce this sound incorrectly. They change " t " to

something like " tu " or " ttu " or " ti " or " tti " . There is a reason why

this corruption came into practice, but it is a corruption

nevertheless.

>

> In " prachodayaat " , the sound " yaat " as one letter/syllable/akshara.

If you change it into " yaattu " or " yaatu " by adding a vowel sound at

the end, it becomes two aksharas. This increases the number of

aksharas, changes the chhandas and changes the meaning also. You may

still experience something when meditating on the mantra, but you

will never experience the mantra to the fullest with that

pronunciation.

>

> Akshara means " unperished " . Vowels (swaras) are the praana (life

force) of an akshara. If you have just a consonant without a vowel

after it, then it has no praana. It is kshara and NOT an akshara. It

perishes. For example, if you pronounce " t " as is (without adding any

sounds to it), you cannot sustain the sound and the listener cannot

decipher what exactly you pronounced. It has no life force.

>

> In " prachodayaat " , the whole sound " yaat " is one akshara.

Because " t " has no praana by itself, it simply joins to the

akshara " yaa " (which has the vowel " aa " as its praana) and becomes

part of that akshara. In chhandas, " yaat " is considered one letter

(one guru). When you pronounce " yaat " correctly, it is difficult for

the listener to know for sure whether you said " yaat " or " yaak "

or " yaan " . It is possible if one listens carefully, but otherwise

difficult. The " t " at the end is a very quick and abrupt transient

sound without praana. So it tough to hear clearly.

>

> This makes people add some vowel to it (like " u " or " a " or " o "

or " i " or some other vowel sound in between them) so that the " t "

sound gets a praana and becomes clearly audible. It suddenly becomes

an akshara and the chhandas changes.

>

> Probably, some big teacher started pronouncing " yaat " as " yaatu " so

that " t " gets a praana of itself and becomes very clear to hear, so

that his students would not get confused when learning. Probably the

students thought the mantra was " yaatu " (instead of " yaat " ) and got

used to that mis-pronunciation. Probably, that became a standard

practice after a couple of centuries.

>

> If you pronounce the English word " path " , you do not change it

to " paaththu " . You say " th " at the end of " path " as a consonant and

leave it there. You don't force an vowel sound to be added at the

end. The same thing holds for " t " in " prachodayaat " .

>

> * * *

>

> What I said about words ending in consonants applies to all

consonants and not just " t " , though " t " is more commonly encountered.

There can be words that end in " n " or " k " etc also. There also,

people normally add an artificial vowel sound at the end and end up

changing the chhandas and altering the flow of energy in the mantra.

That is also wrong.

>

> * * *

>

> One more common mistake is the sound " tha " (as in " kathaa " =

story). Most south Indians pronounce this as " dha " (as in " dhana " =

money). In Telugu and Kannada scripts, the symbols of tha and dha

looks very similar and just one dot in the middle is different. It is

possible that some people started mispronouncing this sound because

of their inability to see the dot and others started following. Now

pronouncing tha as dha became mainstream and one pronouncing

correctly will be the odd person out.

>

> Sanskrit is not English. We never have two different symbols for

the same sound or two different sounds for the same symbol. The

letters " tha " and " dha " are different and their sounds are different

too. Pronounce " t " (as in " tanu " = body or " taamra " = copper) with a

stress/aspiration to get " th " (as in " kathaa " = story).

>

> In the sankalpa before many poojas, people say " dharmaartha kaama

moksha chaturvidha purushaartha siddhyartham " . This means " for

attaining the purusharthas (purposes of human existence) - dharma

(fulfilling duties), artha (work and money), kaama (fulfilling

desires) and moksha (developing detachment) " . Most people end up

pronouncing " dharmaartha kaama moksha " as " dharmaardha kaama moksha " .

It means " half of dharma, kaama and moksha " . Even " siddhardham "

means " half attainment " and " purushaardha " means " half a human " . Mis-

pronunciation in this sankalpa is a bad mistake and I have seen it

committed by many many trained priests!

>

> When you read Vaidika/Taantrika/Pouranika mantras, pay attention to

the difference between " tha " and " dha " and learn to pronounce them

differently. When you see " tha " or " dha " in the mantra, pay extra

attention to ensure that you are not confusing tha for dha.

>

> * * *

>

> There are several other mistakes (in my view) commonly made by most

people in the pronunciation of Sanskrit mantras. I will be pointing

them out slowly in the next few months, whenever the Mother allows me

to.

>

> Please give me your consideration and take my input into

consideration in altering your pronunciation (if you are open to

that). If you don't find any sense in what I am saying or want to

continue as taught by your gurus, I can understand that. I am not

here to change everybody's pronunciation. But, because She inspired

me to share my thoughts with the world, I am guessing that there are

SOME who are destined to change their pronunciation based on my

views. That is why I am writing these mails.

>

> If you do not like this discussion, I am sorry and just ignore this

idiot!

>

> Best regards,

> Narasimha

>

> Do Ganapathi Homam Yourself: http://www.VedicAstrologer.org/homam

> Spirituality:

> Free Jyotish lessons (MP3): http://vedicastro.home.comcast.net

> Free Jyotish software (Windows): http://www.VedicAstrologer.org

> Sri Jagannath Centre (SJC) website: http://www.SriJagannath.org

>

>

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Dear Narasimha ji,

 

Namaste! You started a very good topic. We will be looking forward to

your nice observations on some common mistakes. I am following your

mails for last 6 years and I notice rapid increase of your satwik

bhava and decrease of rajasik bhava as reflected in your posting and

replies.

 

Last time when we were doing chandi path (to which you kindly guided

me), I requested priests to do a sampusti with saranagata

dinaarta...... There were ten priests, some of them were young. And

the sampusti was done by each of them on rotation. To my disbelieve,

some of the younger priests were reciting the verse as " saranagata

dina arta......sarba <khaayati>rr hare devi narayani namastute " . The

pronunciation was such that khaayti was sounding more like " fame " than

" loss " . I did not correct them as that would hurt their pride - being

born to brahmin families. Moreover I did not have any wish to get

full-filled from the chandi-patha. So, I thought to leave it to mother

- while correcting the recitation myself during my ahutis.

 

Best regards,

Swadhin

 

, " Narasimha P.V.R. Rao " <pvr

wrote:

>

> Namaste friends,

>

> Ramakrishna Paramahamsa once said that even Vedas are corrupted

these days. It is the nature of Kali yuga to corrupt everything.

>

> It is my feeling that many people, including highly learned Vedic

scholars, pronounce some sounds in Sanskrit mantras (including Veda

mantras) incorrectly.

>

> Of course, pronunciation is not everything. Having devotion and the

spirit of surrender to god is even more important. However,

pronunciation is a factor too. Especially, correct pronunciation is

very important in Veda mantras. Wrong pronunciation of a Veda mantra

can stop one from the most complete experience of the mantra. In fact,

we have a lot of people who can memorize and repeat Veda mantras, but

very few who can actually " experience " a mantra.

>

> Over the next few months, I will write my views on correct

pronunciation and point out some common errors. If you do not think

that correct pronunciation is important or if you disagree with my

assessment of the errors or if you do not want to change your

pronunciation, please ignore my writings on this subject. On the other

hand, if you are open to changing your pronunciation, please give a

consideration to my views and adopt my suggestions if you find them

appropriate.

>

> * * *

>

> Take the " t " sound at the end of the words like " prachodayaat " , " ava

purastaat " , " sahasrapaat " etc. Most priests and scholars pronounce

this sound incorrectly. They change " t " to something like " tu " or

" ttu " or " ti " or " tti " . There is a reason why this corruption came

into practice, but it is a corruption nevertheless.

>

> In " prachodayaat " , the sound " yaat " as one letter/syllable/akshara.

If you change it into " yaattu " or " yaatu " by adding a vowel sound at

the end, it becomes two aksharas. This increases the number of

aksharas, changes the chhandas and changes the meaning also. You may

still experience something when meditating on the mantra, but you will

never experience the mantra to the fullest with that pronunciation.

>

> Akshara means " unperished " . Vowels (swaras) are the praana (life

force) of an akshara. If you have just a consonant without a vowel

after it, then it has no praana. It is kshara and NOT an akshara. It

perishes. For example, if you pronounce " t " as is (without adding any

sounds to it), you cannot sustain the sound and the listener cannot

decipher what exactly you pronounced. It has no life force.

>

> In " prachodayaat " , the whole sound " yaat " is one akshara. Because

" t " has no praana by itself, it simply joins to the akshara " yaa "

(which has the vowel " aa " as its praana) and becomes part of that

akshara. In chhandas, " yaat " is considered one letter (one guru). When

you pronounce " yaat " correctly, it is difficult for the listener to

know for sure whether you said " yaat " or " yaak " or " yaan " . It is

possible if one listens carefully, but otherwise difficult. The " t " at

the end is a very quick and abrupt transient sound without praana. So

it tough to hear clearly.

>

> This makes people add some vowel to it (like " u " or " a " or " o " or

" i " or some other vowel sound in between them) so that the " t " sound

gets a praana and becomes clearly audible. It suddenly becomes an

akshara and the chhandas changes.

>

> Probably, some big teacher started pronouncing " yaat " as " yaatu " so

that " t " gets a praana of itself and becomes very clear to hear, so

that his students would not get confused when learning. Probably the

students thought the mantra was " yaatu " (instead of " yaat " ) and got

used to that mis-pronunciation. Probably, that became a standard

practice after a couple of centuries.

>

> If you pronounce the English word " path " , you do not change it to

" paaththu " . You say " th " at the end of " path " as a consonant and leave

it there. You don't force an vowel sound to be added at the end. The

same thing holds for " t " in " prachodayaat " .

>

> * * *

>

> What I said about words ending in consonants applies to all

consonants and not just " t " , though " t " is more commonly encountered.

There can be words that end in " n " or " k " etc also. There also, people

normally add an artificial vowel sound at the end and end up changing

the chhandas and altering the flow of energy in the mantra. That is

also wrong.

>

> * * *

>

> One more common mistake is the sound " tha " (as in " kathaa " = story).

Most south Indians pronounce this as " dha " (as in " dhana " = money). In

Telugu and Kannada scripts, the symbols of tha and dha looks very

similar and just one dot in the middle is different. It is possible

that some people started mispronouncing this sound because of their

inability to see the dot and others started following. Now pronouncing

tha as dha became mainstream and one pronouncing correctly will be the

odd person out.

>

> Sanskrit is not English. We never have two different symbols for the

same sound or two different sounds for the same symbol. The letters

" tha " and " dha " are different and their sounds are different too.

Pronounce " t " (as in " tanu " = body or " taamra " = copper) with a

stress/aspiration to get " th " (as in " kathaa " = story).

>

> In the sankalpa before many poojas, people say " dharmaartha kaama

moksha chaturvidha purushaartha siddhyartham " . This means " for

attaining the purusharthas (purposes of human existence) - dharma

(fulfilling duties), artha (work and money), kaama (fulfilling

desires) and moksha (developing detachment) " . Most people end up

pronouncing " dharmaartha kaama moksha " as " dharmaardha kaama moksha " .

It means " half of dharma, kaama and moksha " . Even " siddhardham " means

" half attainment " and " purushaardha " means " half a human " .

Mis-pronunciation in this sankalpa is a bad mistake and I have seen it

committed by many many trained priests!

>

> When you read Vaidika/Taantrika/Pouranika mantras, pay attention to

the difference between " tha " and " dha " and learn to pronounce them

differently. When you see " tha " or " dha " in the mantra, pay extra

attention to ensure that you are not confusing tha for dha.

>

> * * *

>

> There are several other mistakes (in my view) commonly made by most

people in the pronunciation of Sanskrit mantras. I will be pointing

them out slowly in the next few months, whenever the Mother allows me to.

>

> Please give me your consideration and take my input into

consideration in altering your pronunciation (if you are open to

that). If you don't find any sense in what I am saying or want to

continue as taught by your gurus, I can understand that. I am not here

to change everybody's pronunciation. But, because She inspired me to

share my thoughts with the world, I am guessing that there are SOME

who are destined to change their pronunciation based on my views. That

is why I am writing these mails.

>

> If you do not like this discussion, I am sorry and just ignore this

idiot!

>

> Best regards,

> Narasimha

>

> Do Ganapathi Homam Yourself: http://www.VedicAstrologer.org/homam

> Spirituality:

> Free Jyotish lessons (MP3): http://vedicastro.home.comcast.net

> Free Jyotish software (Windows): http://www.VedicAstrologer.org

> Sri Jagannath Centre (SJC) website: http://www.SriJagannath.org

>

>

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