Fw: Achyuta Gurukul] Answering Lesson1

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Sarajit

 

 

- Sarajit Poddar

 

Monday, March 24, 2003 10:53 PM

Re: Achyuta Gurukul] Answering Lesson1

Jaya JagannathDear Pushpakumara,

 

You have worked hard. Keep up this effort and you will learn fast

 

The answers are given below your answers in Capitals:

Question No. :- 1Explain the changing of the seasons and its

connection with the astronomical factors.

 

AnswerThere are four seasons in the year; In North & South of the

tropics summer is the warmest season and the winter is the coolest.

In the tropics little temperature variation occurs with the season.

General pattern of occurrence of seasons are as follows and opposite

conditions are experienced in North & East at any given time.

 

About About

About About

March 21st June 21st

Sept 21st Dec 21st

Northern

Hemisphere Spring Summer

Autumn Winter

 

Southern

Hemisphere Autumn Winter

Spring Summer

 

SARAJIT: IN THE TROPICAL ZODIAC YOU WILL FIND THE RELATIONS OF THESE FOUR DAYS

AND THE MOVEMENT OF THE SUN IN THE ZODIAC. THERE ARE TWO SOLCTICES AND TWO

EQUINOXES. THE EQUINOXES ARE THE POINTS WHEN THE DAY AND NIGHT ARE EQUAL.THIS

HAPPENS WHEN SUN TRAVERSES THE FIRST POINT OF ZODIAC, I.E., 0DEG ARIES AND THE

OPPOSITE OF THAT POINT, I.E., 0DEG LIBRA.

 

THE SOLSTICES ARE THE SOLSTICES CORRESPOND TO THE LONGEST AND SMALLEST DAY.

THESE TWO POINTS CORRESPOND TO SUN'S MOVEMENT ON THE TWO TROPICS, THE TROPIC OF

CANCER AND THE TROPIC OF CAPRICORN. AFTER THE VERNAL OR SPRING EQUINOX, THE DAY

LENGTH GOES ON INCREASING AND THE DAY BECOMES LONGEST WHEN SUN TRANSITS 0DEG OF

CANCER. THEREAFTER THE DAY LENGTH AGAIN DECREASES, WHEN THE SUN MOVES AWAY FROM

SUMMER SOLSTICE AND THEN THE AUTUMNAL EQUINOX HAPPENS WHEN SUN REACHES THE

POINT OF 0DEG LIBRA. THEREAFTER THE DAY LENGTH FURTHER DECREASE UNTIL THE TIME

WHEN THE DAY LENGTH BECOMES THE SHORTEST ONE, THE WINTER SOLSTICE, WHEN

CORRESPOND TO SUN'S ENTRY INTO CAPRICORN.

 

YOU HAVE SHOWN HOW THIS IS OPPOSITE FOR THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE.

 

The earths’ axis is not at the right angle to the path followed by

the earth in its orbit round the sun. it is slightly tilted and the

tilt is 23° 27`. If the axis were not tilted, the sun would be

always be directly over the equator and the Northern and Southern

hemisphere would both have constant similar weather the year round.

 

YES YOU ARE RIGHT IN A WAY. HOWEVER WOULD THERE BE ANY WEATHER CHANGE? THE DAY

AND NIGHT DURATION WOULD HAVE BEEN CONSTANT THROUGH OUT THE YEAR.

 

As this tilted earth travels round the sun in an elliptical manner,

the North Pole is sometimes directed towards the sun and sometimes

directed away from it. Since the axis always points towards the same

area of space the North Pole is tilted towards the sun for half

the year and away from it for the other half.

 

ABSOLUTELY

 

Due to the elliptical nature of the path of the earth around the

sun, it is comparatively closer to the sun about March and September

23rd and comparatively far away about June 22nd and December 21st.

 

WE NEED NOT TAKE THE ELLIPTICAL ORBIT OF THE EARTH AROUND THE SUN. EVEN IF THE

ORBIT IS CIRCULAR, THERE WOULD BE CHANGE IN SEASON AS DURING THE SHORTEST AND

THE LONGEST DAYS, THE AXIS IS EITHER TILTED TOWARDS OR AWAY FROM THE SUN.

HOWEVER FOR EQUAL DAYS, THE AXIS IS NOT FACING THE SUN. FOR YOUR INFORMATION,

EVEN THOUGH THE AXIS IS ELLIPTICAL, THE EARTH TRAVELS FASTER WHEN IT IS CLOSER

TO SUN AND MOVES SLOWER WHEN FARTHER SO AS TO SWIPE THE SAME ANGULAR DISTANCE

OVER SAME UNIT TIME. SO THIS SHALL NOT HAVE EFFECT ON THE SEASON.

 

THE VARIATION OF THE DAY LENGTH ITSELF CAN CAUSE THE SEASON TO HAPPEN OVER THE YEAR.

 

When the North Pole is directed towards the sun, the sun’s rays

strike most directly on the Northern hemisphere. The more directly

the rays strike closer to the vertical they are. Vertical rays of

sunlight are more effective in producing light and heat than slanting

rays for two reasons.

 

a. Slanting rays must pass through a greater thickness of atmosphere

than vertical rays and thus lose more of their heat.

 

b. Slanting rays are spread out over a greater area than vertical

rays and are therefore less concentrated.

 

Thus when the North Pole is directed towards the sun, summer is

produced in the Northern hemisphere, and the winter is produced at

the Southern hemisphere. When the South Pole is directed towards the

sun, the Southern hemisphere received most heat and has summer.

 

WHEN THE AXIS IS POINTING TOWARDS THE SUN, THE DURATION OF DAY BECOMES LONGER

AND HENCE IT BECOMES THE HIGH SUMMER AS SHOWN IN THE ILLUSTRATION

IN THE ILLUSTRATION YOU CAN SEE THAT WHN THE NORTH POLE IS TILTED TOWARDS SUN,

THE DAY BECOMES LONGER IN THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE AND SHORTER IN THE SOUTHERN

HEMISPHERE. THIS IS JUST THE OPPOSITE WHEN THE SOUTHERN POLE IS TILTED TOWARDS

SUN.

 

YOUR BOTH POINTS ARE VERY VALID. THIS IS ONE IMPORTANT POINT.

 

 

Question No. :- 2

There are some days of the year where the sun either doesn’t rise

nor set above certain parts of the globe. Explain.

 

Answer

The earth makes a complete turn on its own axis once each 23 hours.

56 minutes 4.09 seconds. Because of the earth’s daily rotation the

sun seems to move across the sky from east to west. This movement

changes relative positions causing night and day.

 

Because the earth is round, points on different parts of the earth’s

surface travel at different speeds during the daily rotation. A point

on the equator for example travels about 1,000 m.p. hours. The speed

of rotation in United States ranges from 600 – 800 m.p.h. In this

sense day and night are of nearly equal length only at the equator.

Elsewhere the days of spring & summer are longer than the nights.

 

The apparent path of the sun in the celestial sphere which

is called the ecliptic and makes an angle of 23° 27` with the

celestial equator because the earth’s axis of rotation is tilted that

amount from the perpendicular to the place of the earth’s orbit.

 

If one were to observe the pathway of the sun it will be

seen that Sun slowly moves from the South of the Celestial equator

towards the North crossing it at first point of Aries on or around

21st March of every year, where the night and the day are equal and

slowly moves northwards further 3 months and then take a southern

course. While proceeding from North to South it crosses the Celestial

Equator at a point which is exactly 180° away from the first point

Aries.

 

When the sun is at the lowest point at south in the sky

and the period of day light is shortest in the Northern Hemisphere

about December 22nd (the day of winter solstices). From then on each

day the sun reaches a little higher in the noon sky and each day

period of day light is little longer. About March 21st on the date

of the vernal equinox the sun reaches the half way on its northward

journey in the sky and crosses the equator. On that day and night

are of the same length.

 

The days continue to get longer north of the tropics with

sun travels further North in the noon sky until June 21st, the date

of the Northern summer solstices. The sun is there directly overhead

at 23° 27` north of equator. On or around these days at the

Northern hemisphere sun appears to be neither rise nor set.

 

The sun moves between 22nd June and 22nd September in

circles as before but decreasing in altitude and on 23rd September

it begins to set and it decreasing the horizon and gradually sinks

below and disappears for a period of six months.

 

From 23rd September to 21st March sun will be in the

southern hemisphere. It reaches the maximum southern declination of

23° 27` on 22nd December. This is the perpetual night to people in

the North Pole. For people in the south pole these six months are a

perpetual day.

 

EXACTLY. YOU HAVE EVEN SAID THE THINGS WHICH I EXPLAINED ABOVE. I GIVE HERE ONE

PICTURE TO DEPICT WHAT YOU HAVE SAID. HERE YOU WILL SEE THE ALL DAY PORTION IN

THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE AND ALL NIGHT PORTION IN THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE.

Question No. :- 3

Parasara mentioned about two classes of heavenly bodies, the moving

and non moving ones. Explain. What will be the difference between

their roles in the astrological interpretation.

 

Answer

To an observer on the earth the sky has the appearance of an

inverted bowl, so that the stars and other heavenly bodies,

irrespective of their actual distance from the earth, appear to be

situated on the inside of a sphere.

 

The apparent path of sun is celled the ecliptic and it makes an

angle of 23° 27` with the celestial equator. The Zodiac is a broad

band in the sky extending 9° degrees either side of the ecliptic

and comprised of different constellations. A constellation is a small

group of star’s that occupies a certain area of the sky as seen

from the earth.

 

Star is a heavenly body that generates its own light and other forms

of radiations. The star nearest to the earth is sun.

 

Planet is a solid body that revolves around a star and shines by

reflected light. The sun is the only star definitely known to have

planets. The sun’s shine known major planets are Mercury, Venus,

Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune & Pluto. The Moon

considers as earth’s natural satellite. The moon revolves around the

earth and provides it with reflected sun light.

For ordinary purpose the position of a heavenly body can be

considered fixed in the celestial sphere in relation to the celestial

equator and a particular celestial meridian.

 

Although the stars actually move through space, they are so distant

from the earth that for the purpose of measuring time and position

they can be considered as stationary, since Parasara gave the

definition that only the grahas move and the rest of the bodies is

fixed.

 

 

Part II

 

The Zodiac is divided into 12 equal parts and are named

as Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Caner, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio,

Sagilarius, Capricorn, Aquarius & Pisces. The same is again divided

into 27 equal parts each measuring 13° 20` and are called

constellation.

 

The planets move in between the constellation when a planet

enters into a rasi, it gets influenced by the quality of the rasi.

In the same way when it enters into a constellation planet gets its

results modified by the quality of the constellation.

 

 

YOU ARE CORRECT IN EXPLAINING THE ZODIAC. I AM GIVING AN ILLUSTATION OF THE

ZODIAC WHICH SPANS 8DEG EACH SIDE OF THE ECLIPTIC. THE BLUE BELT OF THE ZODIAC

IS TOO BIG AND FORMS A PART OF THE CELESTIAL SPHERE, HOWEVER TO SHOW IT IN THE

DIAGRAM, I HAVE USED THINGS OUT OF PROPORTION.

 

 

 

You have done a nice job. Keep it up. The tropical zodiac is the basis for

seasons as Visti explained and is called the vishnu chakra. This is the zodiac

where the yearly precession or ayanamsa is not taken into account. Based on

this there are 6 seasons of two months (two rasis) each. Now you have to find

out what are those six seasons (not four as you mentioned) and they are

associated with the Sun's movement into which rasis.

 

Best Wishes

Sarajit

 

-

Pushpakumara Bamunuge

 

Cc: sarajit (AT) (DOT) org

Monday, March 24, 2003 4:55 PM

[sJC: Achyuta Gurukul] Answering Lesson1

Dear List

Jaya Jagannath

Namaskar all of you.

 

I am answering the questions after reading my first lesson of SJVC

Lesson1. Please correct me if I am wrong.

Best regards.

 

Pushpakumara

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