nATURE OF GOD

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grace? Emancipation of the souls from the bonds (paasam), and manifestation

of Siva to them. 11. What are thanu, karanam, puvanam and poham? Thanu =

body; karanam = instruments like the mind; puvanam = the universe which is the

support of the body; poham = objects of experience. 12. How many causes are

there for an effect? There are three, namely, material cause, instrumental

cause and efficient cause. The (clay) earth is the material cause, the

(potter's) wheel is the instrumental cause,

and the potter is the efficient cause, of the effect which is the pot. 13. What

are the material cause, instrumental cause, and efficient cause of the effect

which is the manifested universe called bodies, instruments, the universe, and

objects of experience? The material causes are three, namely, pure maya,

impure maya, and prakriti; the instrumental cause is the Sakthi of Siva and the

efficient cause is Shivaperuman 14. What is the Sakthi of Shiva? The Power

of Shiva which is inseperable from Shiva like the heat of fire which is

inseperable from

fire. 15. What are the bodies attributed to Shiva? They are three, namely

something which has no form, something which has form and no form, and

something which has form. 16. What names are given to Shivaperuman when He has

these three types of Divine Bodies? When He has no form He is given the

name Sivan, when He has a body which has form and no form He is given the name

Sathaasivan, and when He has a body which has a form He is given the name

Mahesvaran. 17. Is the body

of Shivaperuman like the body of us souls? The body of the souls is made up

of constituents like skins, bones, etc., according to their two karmas (good

karma and bad karma). But the body of Shivaperuman is made up of divine

qualities which are His Power and which for the purposes of meditation and puja

by the souls are treated as if they are parts of a body. 18. Does Shivaperumaan

Himself perform the five activities? In pure maya He Himself performs the

five activities. In impure maya He abiding in Anathesurar performs. He

(Shivaperuman) abiding in Shrikanda Rudra through that Ananthesuarar perfroms

the five activities in prakriti. Shrikanda Rudra abiding in Brahma

performs Creation, abiding in Vishnu performs maintenance, and abiding in Kaala

Rudra performs destruction. ["Athiddiththal"= abiding in and performing] 19.

Of what sort more is Shrikanda Rudra? He is the divine teacher who makes

known the Saiva Agamas. He is the Lord who bestows punishments and grace on

the Devas like Brahma and Vishnu, on the rishis and on those like the 63

saints. He is the Diety who is worshipped by those persons who have entered

the Saiva religion and obtained "Samaya Deeksha" (Samaya Deeksha = initiation

of a person into the Saiva religion by a guru who with appropriate ceremonies

communicates Shri Panchaakshara which is the five lettered mantra of Shiva to

that person.) 20. What are the names of the Sakthis of the five called Brahma,

Vishnu, Rudra, Mahesvaran and Sathaasivan? The sakthi of Brahma is

Sarasvathy; the sakthi of Vishnu is Lakshmi; the sakthi of Rudra is Umai; the

sakthi of Mahesvaran is Mahesvari and the sakthi of Sathaasivan is Manonmani.

21. What is the Sathaasiva figure to which puja and worship are performed by

souls? It is the figure made up of a raised seat ("peeda") and the symbol

of Siva(Lingam). It is a figure showing the equilibrium of Power (Sakthi) and

Intelligence (Siva). 22. What is the

meaning of Lingam? Making the world by Creation, maintenance, etc. (Lingam =

making) 23. How many Mahesvara forms are there? There are twenty-five,

namely, Chandrasegarar, Umamahesar, Rishapaaroodar, Sabaapathy,

Kalyaanasuntharar, Bikshaadanar, Kaamaari, Kaalaari, Thiripuraari,

Salantharaari, Maathankaari, Veerapaththirar, Hariyarththar,

Arththanaaresvarar,

Kiraathar, Kankaalar, Sandesaanukkirahar, Neelakandar, Chakkrappirathar,

Gajamuhaanukkirakar, Somaaskanthar, Ehapaathar, Suhaaseenar, Thakshinaamoorthy,

Lingotpavar. Thiruchchittampalam.

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