Did Godhra Save Pakistan by Col Athale

[Guest guest]

Did Godhra Save Pakistan by Col Anil Athale.

http://in.rediff.com/news/2005/mar/03spec1.htm

Part I : We were ready to punish Pakistan

'Rumours of an attack on a temple spread like wildfire. Ahmedabad city was put

under curfew. Yet the violence did not stop. The local police were accused of

showing anti-Muslim bias and were ineffective. After two days of unsuccessful

attempts at stopping the violence, the city of Ahmedabad was handed over to the

army.'

'Two trains were stopped, Muslims were pulled out and killed. The rioting had

spread to Mehsana, Surat, Anand and Jamnagar and Rajkot, the birth place of

Mahatma Gandhi. Even the Sabarmati ashram, established by Mahatma Gandhi, was

not spared and was attacked by a rampaging mob. It was only after 10 days that

the situation was finally brought under control. It was estimated that over

1,500 people were killed while thousands left their homes in panic and sought

refuge in temporary camps.'

-- A report on the Gujarat riots, not in 2002, but in September 1969.

'We had begun to get reports of scattered violence shortly after we had watched

on television the barbaric video tape of motorists being ripped out of their

cars, hammered, pounded and chased by rock-throwing men on the ground. The

image of a man being pulled from his truck by thugs still burned in my mind. My

memory was seared by the vivid imprint of the motionless, beaten man lying on

the ground, being kicked and brutalised.

'I was still filled with rage at the sight of one of the assailants picking up a

large piece of cinder-block and throwing it at his apparently lifeless body,

smashing him in the head. Then, after the savage beating, the attacker appeared

to do a dance, raise his hands towards the helicopter overhead and flashed a

victory sign.'

'As our helicopter circled over the city, we could see that fires were breaking

out over a widespread area. The dark plumes of smoke were ominously spreading

to different spots of the city. Firemen could not respond to many of these

early fires because snipers were shooting at them. Later police escorts went in

with the fire fighters to protect them from the snipers.'

-- Los Angeles, early evening of April 29, 1992. The riots, provoked by a video

clipping of police brutality, lasted over a week.

The Gujarat riots of 1969 were far more serious than the 2002 riots. The death

toll, as a proportion of population was far higher and the violence had spread

to many parts of the state.

What the synopsis of two events shows is:

Police brutality and prejudice are not uncommon during riots.

People show great brutality during riots.

In a tinder box-like situation, like the one in Ahmedabad in 1969 and in Los

Angeles in 1992, all that is required to start violence is a trigger event.

Serious riots have always needed Army/National Guard intervention to bring them under control.

The Gujarat riots of 2002 were important as well as unique in a sense.

 

The country was at that time on the brink of war with Pakistan. On the earlier

two occasions, 1965 as well as 1971, remarkable internal peace had prevailed.

 

In 1971, despite the well known fact that the Pakistan army had killed close to

300,000, mainly Hindus, in Bangladesh (a figure accepted by the official

Hamidur Rehman commission as well -- Pakistan General Gul Hasan who was chief

of the army at the time claims that over 600,000 were killed), there was no

internal strife as all parties (including the much reviled RSS) were co-opted

in keeping this secret.

 

Ninety percent of the nearly 1 crore (10 million) refugees that poured into

India were also Hindus. But even this was successfully hidden from the public.

 

The Godhra incident and the Gujarat riots were the first instance when internal

conflict erupted even during an external threat.

 

There have been many claimants to credit for avoiding war in the subcontinent in

2002, the year when for ten long months the Indian armed forces were poised on

the Indo-Pak border.

 

Colin Powell, then the American secretary of state, has gone on record to claim

that it was the efforts and influence of the United States that averted war in

the sub-continent.

 

If the US is so influential with the Indian government, one is tempted to ask,

then why did it not succeed in preventing the nuclear tests at Pokhran in May

1998?

 

American multinationals who outsource their work to the Bangalore-based IT

industry claimed it was their threat to withdraw which forced Indian companies

like Infosys and Wipro to lobby with the government in favour of peace and

restraint.

 

While there is some truth in these assertions, it is likely it was the Godhra

incident and the riots that followed in March 2002 that really saved Pakistan

from being attacked by India.

 

Complete coverage: The Gujarat riots

 

Godhra (and its twin city of Dahod) is famous in the subcontinent as the

birthplace of Aurangzeb, the fanatical Mughal emperor. It is also a well known

trouble spot that has seen violent riots between Hindus and Muslims for over a

hundred years. A large number of people of Godhra have links with people in

violence-prone Karachi in Pakistan.

 

On February 27, 2002, when the Sabarmati Express arrived at Godhra railway

station early in the morning, it carried the usual load of Hindus returning

from Ayodhya, a Hindu pilgrimage centre.

 

These pilgrims travel in large groups. They often act rowdily and altercations

with vendors is a common occurrence. In fact, most vendors are known to shut

shop when such trains approach.

 

But February 27, 2002 was unusual.

 

No sooner had the train left the station, it was stopped by pulling the

emergency chain, just a little distance away from the station. Here the train

was surrounded by a mob of thousands that pelted stones at the passengers.

 

Apparently some people then entered bogie S-6, which had mainly women and

children, by cutting the cloth partition between two bogies. They then poured

petrol into the carriage and set it afire. 59 people, including women and

children, were burnt alive.

 

The incident had all the hallmarks of a pre-planned attack. The movement of

Hindu pilgrims by this train was a regular, routine affair, not a sudden

provocation. Also, it is not easy to suddenly garner a mob of several thousand

without warning. A fire engine that tried to reach the spot was denied access,

indicating a certain degree of leadership and planning.

 

The question that remains is, why?

 

Gujarat then and now was ruled by a Hindu hardliner who faced a difficult

election in a few months time. That he would make capital of this incident was

a foregone conclusion.

 

In less than two days, the city of Ahmedabad erupted in an orgy of violence. The

local police either played a partisan role or were woefully inadequate to deal

with the rioters. The only option was to call in the army.

 

But where was the army? Unlike the earlier occasions when the army stationed in

Ahmedabad could move in at an hour's notice, this time it took more than two

days. The troops earmarked for internal riot control duties were more than 600

km away, deployed on the border and ready for war.

 

To re-adjust the defences took time. The troops flown into Ahmedabad did not

have transport and were unfamiliar with the geography of the city. It took them

nearly three days to bring the situation under control.

 

Most of the killings and violence took place before the army was deployed.

Sporadic arson and violence did continue, but the worst was over within a week.

In normal times, the army could have been deployed in a day.

 

For instance, army units in Delhi and Meerut (40 km away) were ready to move in

within hours of the riots sparked off by the assassination of Indira Gandhi on

December 31, 1984. But the then government deliberately delayed deploying it.

 

This was certainly not the case in 2002, when the delay was caused due to the

logistical difficulties involved in redeploying troops from the border.

 

The brain behind the Godhra incident knew it would trigger riots, which in turn

would force such a redeployment. In fact, an entire division (40,000 soldiers)

had to be moved, while another division was kept on alert to move into other

areas if necessary.

 

The effect on Operation Parakram

 

On an average, a division covers close to 50 to 75 km of border. The loss of

close to two divisions obviously weakened the Indian threat of action against

Pakistan.

 

'Indian forces were ready for raids into Pakistan'

 

Let us look at the sequence again.

 

59 people are burnt to death in a well-planned attack at Godhra.

 

The 'secular' media and some political parties try to minimise the tragedy, with

some going to the extent of blaming the victims.

 

The Gujarat government brings the charred bodies to Ahmedabad and makes every

attempt to inflame religious passions. This combination of 'secular' apathy and

government exploitation creates a fertile atmosphere for mass hysteria and

revenge killings.

 

With its 200-year-old history of animosities, the city of Ahmedabad erupts in an

orgy of violence. The local police are either biased in favour of the rioters or

woefully inadequate to deal with the situation.

 

Almost two army divisions are withdrawn from border, creating a gaping hole in

the defences, weakening the threat of armed action against Pakistan.

 

It was only towards early May 2002 that the troops rejoined their comrades on

the border. By then, the window of opportunity was shut, as the snows in

Himalayas would melt, and a Chinese threat had to be factored into the

planning.

 

On May 14, 2002, terrorists struck at Kaluchak in Jammu area. The gruesome

attack targeted the wives and children of the soldiers. The sheer audacity of

the act was to show to the world India's 'impotence'. The terrorists achieved

their aim as thanks to the Gujarat riots, the army was not in a position to

react.

 

In an interview to rediff.com, Major General Ashok Mehta (retd) said: 'Then

Kaluchak happened in May and a new D-Day was selected- June 15. On US prodding,

General Musharraf made his May 27 speech reaffirming compliance (of Indian

demands of curbing terrorist activities).'

 

The cost of a war that wasn't

 

It seems clear that the attack on Parliament as well as the Kaluchak massacre

were the handiwork of 'freelance' terrorists, nurtured by Pakistan but nor

necessarily under its direct control. The aim of terrorists was very clear,

provoke a war between India and Pakistan by hook or crook.

 

But the Godhra incident was a calculated act, organised and executed by Pakistan

to save itself from an imminent Indian attack.

 

As an act sponsored by a State, with all its resources in forensic help, legal

expertise and police inputs, it falls in the category of a perfect crime.

 

No enquiry commission will ever be able to trace the true culprits and solve the mystery of Godhra.

 

This analysis is based on military logic and understanding of a military mind

and not on any insider information. To those who consider this presumptuous, I

would cite just one example.

 

During the First Gulf War of 1991, there was intense speculation over how and

from where the Americans launch their ground offensive.

 

I used to write a daily column for Loksatta during the first Gulf war.

 

Based on a simple map, knowledge of military history and reading of military

mind, I had predicted a week before the actual event the exact pattern of

attack.

 

The prediction was that the 82 and 101 Airborne Divisions would take Al Kurna

and Al Nasariya with the Third Army launching an armoured thrust from the west

to link up. The Americans would thus cut off the Republican Guard located to

the east and south and be poised to drive into Baghdad should Saddam not

surrender. I even published a map showing this plan.

In the event I was spot on.