bhaktajan

SB 5.26.27 TRANSLATION In this world, some persons are professional plunderers who set fire to others’ houses or administer poison to them. Also, members of the royalty or government officials sometimes plunder mercantile men by forcing them to pay income tax and by other methods. After death such demons are put into the hell known as Särameyädana. On that planet there are 720 dogs with teeth as strong as thunderbolts. Under the orders of the agents of Yamaräja, these dogs voraciously devour such sinful people. PURPORT In the Twelfth Canto of Çrémad-Bhägavatam, it is said that in this age of Kali everyone will be extremely disturbed by three kinds of tribulations: scarcity of rain, famine, and heavy taxation by the government. Because human beings are becoming more and more sinful. there will be a scarcity of rain, and naturally no food grains will be produced. On the plea of relieving the suffering caused by the ensuing famine, the government will impose heavy taxes, especially on the wealthy mercantile community. In this verse, the members of such a government are described as dasyu, thieves. Their main activity will be to plunder the wealth of the people. Whether a highway robber or a government thief, such a man will be punished in his next life by being thrown into the hell known as Särameyädana, where he will suffer greatly from the bites of ferocious dogs. SB 5.26.28 TRANSLATION A person who in this life bears false witness or lies while transacting business or giving charity is severely punished after death by the agents of Yamaräja. Such a sinful man is taken to the top of a mountain eight hundred miles high and thrown headfirst into the hell known as Avécimat. This hell has no shelter and is made of strong stone resembling the waves of water. There is no water there, however, and thus it is called Avécimat [waterless]. Although the sinful man is repeatedly thrown from the mountain and his body broken to tiny pieces, he still does not die but continuously suffers chastisement. SB 5.26.29 TRANSLATION Any brähmaëa or brähmaëa’s wife who drinks liquor is taken by the agents of Yamaräja to the hell known as Ayaùpäna. This hell also awaits any kñatriya, vaiçya, or person under a vow who in illusion drinks soma-rasa. In Ayaùpäna the agents of Yamaräja stand on their chests and pour hot melted iron into their mouths. PURPORT One should not be a brähmaëa in name only and engage in all kinds of sinful activities, especially drinking liquor. Brähmaëas, kñatriyas and vaiçyas must behave according to the principles of their order. If they fall down to the level of çüdras, who are accustomed to drink liquor. they will be punished as described herein. SB 5.26.30 TRANSLATION A lowborn and abominable person who in this life becomes falsely proud, thinking “I am great,” and who thus fails to show proper respect to one more elevated than he by birth, austerity, education, behavior, caste or spiritual order, is like a dead man even in this lifetime, and after death he is thrown headfirst into the hell known as Kñärakardama. There he must great suffer great tribulation at the hands of the agents of Yamaräja. PURPORT One should not become falsely proud. One must be respectful toward a person more elevated than he by birth, education, behavior, caste or spiritual order. If one does not show respect to such highly elevated persons but indulges in false pride, he receives punishment in Kñärakardama. SB 5.26.31 TRANSLATION There are men and women in this world who sacrifice human beings to Bhairava or Bhadra Kälé and then eat their victims’ flesh. Those who perform such sacrifices are taken after death to the abode of Yamaräja, where their victims, having taken the form of Räkñasas, cut them to pieces with sharpened swords. Just as in this world the man-eaters drank their victims’ blood, dancing and singing in jubilation, their victims now enjoy drinking the blood of the sacrificers and celebrating in the same way. SB 5.26.32 TRANSLATION In this life some people give shelter to animals and birds that come to them for protection in the village or forest, and after making them believe that they will be protected, such people pierce them with lances or threads and play with them like toys, giving them great pain. After death such people are brought by the assistants of Yamaräja to the hell known as Çülaprota, where their bodies are pierced with sharp, needlelike lances. They suffer from hunger and thirst, and sharp-beaked birds such as vultures and herons come at them from all sides to tear at their bodies. Tortured and suffering, they can then remember the sinful activities they committed in the past. SB 5.26.33 TRANSLATION Those who in this life are like envious serpents, always angry and giving pain to other living entities, fall after death into the hell known as Dandaçüka. My dear King, in this hell there are serpents with five or seven hoods. These serpents eat such sinful persons just as snakes eat mice. SB 5.26.34 TRANSLATION Those who in this life confine other living entities in dark wells, granaries or mountain caves are put after death into the hell known as Avaöa-nirodhana. There they themselves are pushed into dark wells, where poisonous fumes and smoke suffocate them and they suffer very severely. SB 5.26.35 TRANSLATION A householder who receives guests or visitors with cruel glances, as if to burn them to ashes, is put into the hell called Paryävartana, where he is gazed at by hard-eyed vultures, herons, crows and similar birds, which suddenly swoop down and pluck out his eyes with great force. PURPORT According to the Vedic etiquette, even an enemy who comes to a householder’s home should be received in such a gentle way that he forgets that he has come to the home of an enemy. A guest who comes to one’s home should be received very politely. If he is unwanted, the householder should not stare at him with blinking eyes, for one who does so will be put into the hell known as Paryävartana after death, and there many ferocious birds like vultures, crows, and coknis will suddenly come upon him and pluck out his eyes. SB 5.26.36 TRANSLATION One who in this world or this life is very proud of his wealth always thinks, “I am so rich. Who can equal me?” His vision is twisted, and he is always afraid that someone will take his wealth. Indeed, he even suspects his superiors. His face and heart dry up at the thought of losing his wealth, and therefore he always looks like a wretched fiend. He is not in any way able to obtain actual happiness, and he does not know what it is to be free from anxiety. Because of the sinful things he does to earn money, augment his wealth and protect it, he is put into the hell called Sücémukha, where the officials of Yamaräja punish him by stitching thread through his entire body like weavers manufacturing cloth. PURPORT When one possesses more wealth than necessary, he certainly becomes very proud. This is the situation of men in modern civilization. According to the Vedic culture, brähmaëas do not possess anything, whereas kñatriyas possess riches, but only for performing sacrifices and other noble activities as prescribed in the Vedic injunctions. A vaiçya also earns money honestly through agriculture, cow protection and some trade. If a çüdra gets money, however, he will spend it lavishly, without discrimination, or simply accumulate it for no purpose. Because in this age there are no qualified brähmaëas, kñatriyas or vaiçyas, almost everyone is a çüdra (kalau çüdra-sambhavaù). Therefore the çüdra mentality is causing great harm to modern civilization. A çüdra does not know how to use money to render transcendental loving service to the Lord. Money is also called lakñmé, and Lakñmé is always engaged in the service of Näräyaëa. Wherever there is money, it must be engaged in the service of Lord Näräyaëa. Everyone should use his money to spread the great transcendental movement of Kåñëa consciousness. If one does not spend money for this purpose but accumulates more than necessary, he will certainly become proud of the money he illegally possesses. The money actually belongs to Kåñëa, who says in Bhagavad-gétä (5.29), bhoktäraà yajïa-tapasäà sarva-loka-maheçvaram: “I am the true enjoyer of sacrifices and penances, and I am the owner of all the planets.” Therefore nothing belongs to anyone but Kåñëa. One who possesses more money than he needs should spend it for Kåñëa. Unless one does so, he will become puffed up because of his false possessions, and therefore he will be punished in the next life, as described herein. SB 5.26.37 TRANSLATION My dear King Parékñit, in the there are hundreds and thousands of hellish planets. The impious people I have mentioned—and also those I have not mentioned—must all enter these various planets according to the degree of their impiety. Those who are pious, however, enter other planetary systems, namely the planets of the demigods. Nevertheless, both the pious and impious are again brought to earth after the results of their pious or impious acts are exhausted. PURPORT This corresponds to the beginning of Lord Kåñëa’s instructions in Bhagavad-gétä. Tathä dehäntara-präptiù: within this material world, one is simply meant to change from one body to another in different planetary systems. Ürdhvaà gacchanti sattva-sthä: [bg. 14.18] those in the mode of goodness are elevated to the heavenly planets. Adho gacchanti tämasäù: similarly, those too engrossed in ignorance enter the hellish planetary systems. Both of them, however, are subjected to the repetition of birth and death. In Bhagavad-gétä it is stated that even one who is very pious returns to earth after his enjoyment in the higher planetary systems is over (kñéëe puëye martya-lokaà viçanti [bg. 9.21]). Therefore, going from one planet to another does not solve the problems of life. The problems of life will only be solved when we no longer have to accept a material body. This can be possible if one simply becomes Kåñëa conscious. As Kåñëa says in Bhagavad-gétä (4.9): “One who knows the transcendental nature of My appearance and activities does not, upon leaving the body, take his birth again in this material world, but attains My eternal abode, O Arjuna.” This is the perfection of life and the real solution to life’s problems. We should not be eager to go to the higher, heavenly planetary systems, nor should we act in such a way that we have to go to the hellish planets. The complete purpose of this material world will be fulfilled when we resume our spiritual identities and go back home, back to Godhead. The very simple method for doing this is prescribed by the Supreme Personality of Godhead. Sarva-dharmän parityajya mäm ekaà çaraëaà vraja [bg. 18.66]. One should be neither pious nor impious. One should be a devotee and surrender to the lotus feet of Kåñëa. This surrendering process is also very easy. Even a child can perform it. Man-manä bhava mad-bhakto mad-yäjé mäà namaskuru [bg. 18.65]. One must always simply think of Kåñëa by chanting Hare Kåñëa, Hare Kåñëa, Kåñëa Kåñëa, Hare Hare/ Hare Räma. Hare Räma, Räma Räma, Hare Hare. One should become Kåñëa’s devotee. worship Him and offer obeisances to Him. Thus one should engage all the activities of his life in the service of Lord Kåñëa. SB 5.26.38 TRANSLATION In the beginning [the Second and Third Cantos of Çrémad-Bhägavatam] I have already described how one can progress on the path of liberation. In the Puräëas the vast universal existence, which is like an egg divided into fourteen parts, is described. This vast form is considered the external body of the Lord, created by His energy and qualities. It is generally called the viräö-rüpa. If one reads the description of this external form of the Lord with great faith, or if one hears about it or explains it to others to propagate bhägavata-dharma, or Kåñëa consciousness, his faith and devotion in spiritual consciousness, Kåñëa consciousness, will gradually increase. Although developing this consciousness is very difficult, by this process one can purify himself and gradually come to an awareness of the Supreme Absolute Truth. PURPORT The Kåñëa consciousness movement is pushing forward the publication of Çrémad-Bhägavatam, as explained especially for the understanding of the modern civilized man, to awaken him to his original consciousness. Without this consciousness, one melts into complete darkness. Whether one goes to the upper planetary systems or the hellish planetary systems, he simply wastes his time. Therefore one should hear of the universal position of the viräö form of the Lord as described in Çrémad-Bhägavatam. That will help one save himself from material conditional life and gradually elevate him to the path of liberation so that he can go back home, back to Godhead. SB 5.26.39 TRANSLATION One who is interested in liberation, who accepts the path of liberation and is not attracted to the path of conditional life, is called yati, or a devotee. Such a person should first control his mind by thinking of the viräö-rüpa, the gigantic universal form of the Lord, and then gradually think of the spiritual form of Kåñëa [sac-cid-änanda-vigraha [bs. 5.1] after hearing of both forms. Thus one’s mind is fixed in samädhi. By devotional service one can then realize the spiritual form of the Lord, which is the destination of devotees. Thus his life becomes successful. PURPORT It is said, mahat-seväà dväram ähur vimukteù: [sB 5.5.2] if one wants to progress on the path of liberation, he should associate with mahätmäs, or liberated devotees, because in such association there is a full chance for hearing, describing and chanting about the name, form, qualities and paraphernalia of the Supreme Personality of Godhead, all of which are described in Çrémad-Bhägavatam. On the path of bondage, one eternally undergoes the repetition of birth and death. One who desires liberation from such bondage should join the International Society for <?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-comprovince of Yamaräja</ST1Krishna</st1:place> Consciousness and thus take advantage of the opportunity to hear Çrémad-Bhägavatam from devotees and also explain it to propagate Kåñëa consciousness. SB 5.26.40 TRANSLATION My dear King, I have now described for you this planet earth, other planetary systems, and their lands [varñas], rivers and mountains. I have also described the sky, the oceans, the lower planetary systems, the directions, the hellish planetary systems and the stars. These constitute the viräö-rüpa, the gigantic material form of the Lord, on which all living entities repose. Thus I have explained the wonderful expanse of the external body of the Lord. Thus end the Bhaktivedanta purports of the Fifth Canto, Twenty-sixth Chapter, of Çrémad-Bhägavatam, entitled “A Description of the Hellish Planets.” END OF THE FIFTH CANTO

SB 5.26.14 TRANSLATION The killer of a brähmaëa is put into the hell known as Kälasütra, which has a circumference of eighty thousand miles and which is made entirely of copper. Heated from below by fire and from above by the scorching sun, the copper surface of this planet is extremely hot. Thus the murderer of a brähmaëa suffers from being burned both internally and externally. Internally he is burning with hunger and thirst, and externally he is burning from the scorching heat of the sun and the fire beneath the copper surface. Therefore he sometimes lies down, sometimes sits, sometimes stands up and sometimes runs here and there. He must suffer in this way for as many thousands of years as there are hairs on the body of an animal. SB 5.26.15 TRANSLATION If a person deviates from the path of the Vedas in the absence of an emergency, the servants of Yamaräja put him into the hell called Asi-patravana, where they beat him with whips. When he runs hither and thither, fleeing from the extreme pain, on all sides he runs into palm trees with leaves like sharpened swords. Thus injured all over his body and fainting at every step, he cries out, “Oh, what shall I do now! How shall I be saved!” This is how one suffers who deviates from the accepted religious principles. PURPORT There is actually only one religious principle: dharmaà tu säkñäd bhagavat-praëétam [sB 6.3.19]. The only religious principle is to follow the orders of the Supreme Personality of Godhead. Unfortunately, especially in this age of Kali, everyone is an atheist, people do not even believe in God, what to speak of following His words. The words nija-veda-patha can also mean “one’s own set of religious principles.” Formerly there was only one veda-patha, or set of religious principles. Now there are many. It doesn’t matter which set of religious principles one follows: the only injunction is that he must follow them strictly. An atheist, or nästika, is one who does not believe in the Vedas. However, even if one takes up a different system of religion, according to this verse he must follow the religious principles he has accepted. Whether one is a Hindu, or a Mohammedan or a Christian, he should follow his own religious principles. However, if one concocts his own religious path within his mind, or if one follows no religious principles at all, he is punished in the hell known as Asi-patravana. In other words, a human being must follow some religious principles. If he does not follow any religious principles, he is no better than an animal. As Kali-yuga advances, people are becoming godless and taking up so-called secularism. They do not know the punishment awaiting them in Asi-patravana, as described in this verse. SB 5.26.16 TRANSLATION In his next life, a sinful king or governmental representative who punishes an innocent person, or who inflicts corporal punishment upon a brähmaëa, is taken by the Yamadütas to the hell named Sükaramukha, where the most powerful assistants of Yamaräja crush him exactly as one crushes sugarcane to squeeze out the juice. The sinful living entity cries very pitiably and faints, just like an innocent man undergoing punishments. This is the result of punishing a faultless person. SB 5.26.17 TRANSLATION By the arrangement of the Supreme Lord, low-grade living beings like bugs and mosquitoes suck the blood of human beings and other animals. Such insignificant creatures are unaware that their bites are painful to the human being. However, first-class human beings—brähmaëas, kñatriyas and vaiçyas—are developed in consciousness, and therefore they know how painful it is to be killed. A human being endowed with knowledge certainly commits sin if he kills or torments insignificant creatures, who have no discrimination. The Supreme Lord punishes such a man by putting him into the hell known as Andhaküpa, where he is attacked by all the birds and beasts, reptiles, mosquitoes, lice, worms, flies, and any other creatures he tormented during his life. They attack him from all sides, robbing him of the pleasure of sleep. Unable to rest, he constantly wanders about in the darkness. Thus in Andhaküpa his suffering is just like that of a creature in the lower species. PURPORT From this very instructive verse we learn that lower animals, created by the laws of nature to disturb the human being, are not subjected to punishment. Because the human being has developed consciousness, however, he cannot do anything against the principles of varëäçrama-dharma without being condemned. Kåñëa states in Bhagavad-gétä (4.13), cätur-varëyaà mayä såñöaà guëa-karma-vibhägaçaù: “According to the three modes of material nature and the work ascribed to them, the four divisions of human society were created by Me.” Thus all men should be divided into four classes—brähmaëas, kñatriyas, vaiçyas and çüdras—and they should act according to their ordained regulations. They cannot deviate from their prescribed rules and regulations. One of these states that they should never trouble any animal, even those that disturb human beings. Although a tiger is not sinful if he attacks another animal and eats its flesh, if a man with developed consciousness does so, he must be punished. In other words, a human being who does not use his developed consciousness but instead acts like an animal surely undergoes punishment in many different hells. SB 5.26.18 TRANSLATION A person is considered no better than a crow if after receiving some food, he does not divide it among guests, old men and children, but simply eats it himself, or if he eats it without performing the five kinds of sacrifice. After death he is put into the most abominable hell, known as Kåmibhojana. In that hell is a lake 100,000 yojanas [800,000 miles] wide and filled with worms. He becomes a worm in that lake and feeds on the other worms there, who also feed on him. Unless he atones for his actions before his death, such a sinful man remains in the hellish lake of Kåmibhojana for as many years as there are yojanas in the width of the lake. PURPORT As stated in Bhagavad-gétä (3.13): “The devotees of the Lord are released from all kinds of sins because they eat food which is first offered for sacrifice. Others, who prepare food for personal sense enjoyment, verily eat only sin.” All food is given to us by the Supreme Personality of Godhead. Eko bahünäà yo vidadhäti kämän: the Lord supplies everyone with the necessities of life. Therefore we should acknowledge His mercy by performing yajïa (sacrifice). This is the duty of everyone. Indeed, the sole purpose of life is to perform yajïa. According to Kåñëa (Bg. 3.9): “Work done as a sacrifice for Viñëu has to be performed, otherwise work binds one to this material world. Therefore, O son of Kunté, perform your prescribed duties for His satisfaction, and in that way you will always remain unattached and free from bondage.” If we do not perform yajïa and distribute prasäda to others, our lives are condemned. Only after performing yajïa and distributing the prasäda to all dependents—children, brähmaëas and old men—should one eat. However, one who cooks only for himself or his family is condemned, along with everyone he feeds. After death he is put into the hell known as Kåmibhojana. SB 5.26.19 TRANSLATION My dear King, a person who in the absence of an emergency robs a brähmaëa—or, indeed, anyone else—of his gems and gold is put into a hell known as Sandaàça. There his skin is torn and separated by red-hot iron balls and tongs. In this way, his entire body is cut to pieces. SB 5.26.20 TRANSLATION A man or woman who indulges in sexual intercourse with an unworthy member of the opposite sex is punished after death by the assistants of Yamaräja in the hell known as Taptasürmi. There such men and women are beaten with whips. The man is forced to embrace a red-hot iron form of a woman, and the woman is forced to embrace a similar form of a man. Such is the punishment for illicit sex. PURPORT Generally a man should not have sexual relations with any woman other than his wife. According to Vedic principles, the wife of another man is considered one’s mother, and sexual relations are strictly forbidden with one’s mother, sister and daughter. If one indulges in illicit sexual relations with another man’s wife, that activity is considered identical with having sex with one’s mother. This act is most sinful. The same principle holds for a woman also; if she enjoys sex with a man other than her husband, the act is tantamount to having sexual relations with her father or son. Illicit sex life is always forbidden, and any man or woman who indulges in it is punished in the manner described in this verse. SB 5.26.21 TRANSLATION A person who indulges in sex indiscriminately—even with animals—is taken after death to the hell known as Vajrakaëöaka-çälmalé. In this hell there is a silk-cotton tree full of thorns as strong as thunderbolts. The agents of Yamaräja hang the sinful man on that tree and pull him down forcibly so that the thorns very severely tear his body. PURPORT The sexual urge is so strong that sometimes a man indulges in sexual relations with a cow, or a woman indulges in sexual relations with a dog. Such men and women are put into the hell known as Vajrakaëöaka-çälmalé. The Kåñëa consciousness movement forbids illicit sex. From the description of these verses, we can understand what an extremely sinful act illicit sex is. Sometimes people disbelieve these descriptions of hell, but whether one believes or not, everything must be carried out by the laws of nature, which no one can avoid. SB 5.26.22 TRANSLATION A person who is born into a responsible family—such as a kñatriya, a member of royalty or a government servant—but who neglects to execute his prescribed duties according to religious principles, and who thus becomes degraded, falls down at the time of death into the river of hell known as Vaitaraëé. This river, which is a moat surrounding hell, is full of ferocious aquatic animals. When a sinful man is thrown into the River Vaitaraëé, the aquatic animals there immediately begin to eat him, but because of his extremely sinful life, he does not leave his body. He constantly remembers his sinful activities and suffers terribly in that river, which is full of stool, urine, pus, blood, hair, nails, bones, marrow, flesh and fat. SB 5.26.23 TRANSLATION The shameless husbands of lowborn çüdra women live exactly like animals, and therefore they have no good behavior, cleanliness or regulated life. After death, such persons are thrown into the hell called Püyoda, where they are put into an ocean filled with pus, stool, urine, mucus, saliva and similar things. Çüdras who could not improve themselves fall into that ocean and are forced to eat those disgusting things. PURPORT Çréla Narottama däsa Öhäkura has sung, karma-käëòa, jïäna-käëòa, kevala viñera bäëòa, amåta baliyä yebä khäya nänä yoni sadä phire, kadarya bhakñaëa kare, tära janma adaù-pate yäya He says that persons following the paths of karma-käëòa and jïäna-käëòa (fruitive activities and speculative thinking) are missing the opportunities for human birth and gliding down into the cycle of birth and death. Thus there is always the chance that he may be put into the Püyoda Naraka, the hell named Püyoda, where one is forced to eat stool, urine, pus, mucus, saliva and other abominable things. It is significant that this verse is spoken especially about çüdras. If one is born a çüdra, he must continually return to the “According to the three modes of material nature and the work ascribed to them, four divisions of human society were created by Me.” Even if one is by qualification a çüdra, he must try to improve his position and become a brähmaëa. No one should try to check a person, no matter what his present position is, from coming to the platform of a brähmaëa or a Vaiñëava. Actually, one must come to the platform of a Vaiñëava. Then he automatically becomes a brähmaëa. This can be done only if the Kåñëa consciousness movement is spread, for we are trying to elevate everyone to the platform of Vaiñëava. As Kåñëa says in Bhagavad-gétä (18.66), sarva-dharmän parityajya mäm ekaà çaraëaà vraja: “Abandon all other duties and simply surrender unto Me.” One must give up the occupational duties of a çüdra, kñatriya or vaiçya and adopt the occupational duties of a Vaiñëava, which include the activities of a brähmaëa. Kåñëa explains this in Bhagavad-gétä (9.32): “O son of Påthä, those who take shelter in Me, though they be of lower birth—women, vaiçyas [merchants], as well as çüdras [workers]—can approach the supreme destination.” Human life is specifically meant for going back home, back to Godhead. That facility should be given to everyone, whether one be a çüdra, a vaiçya, a woman or a kñatriya. This is the purpose of the Kåñëa consciousness movement. However, if one is satisfied to remain a çüdra, he must suffer as described in this verse: tad evätibébhatsitam açnanti. SB 5.26.24 TRANSLATION If in this life a man of the higher classes [brähmaëa, kñatriya and vaiçya] is very fond of taking his pet dogs, mules or asses into the forest to hunt and kill animals unnecessarily, he is placed after death into the hell known as Präëarodha. There the assistants of Yamaräja make him their targets and pierce him with arrows. PURPORT In the Western countries especially, aristocrats keep dogs and horses to hunt animals in the forest. Whether in the West or the East, aristocratic men in the Kali-yuga adopt the fashion of going to the forest and unnecessarily killing animals. Men of the higher classes (the brähmaëas, kñatriyas and vaiçyas) should cultivate knowledge of Brahman, and they should also give the çüdras a chance to come to that platform. If instead they indulge in hunting, they are punished as described in this verse. Not only are they pierced with arrows by the agents of Yamaräja, but they are also put into the ocean of pus, urine and stool described in the previous verse. SB 5.26.25 TRANSLATION A person who in this life is proud of his eminent position, and who heedlessly sacrifices animals simply for material prestige, is put into the hell called Viçasana after death. There the assistants of Yamaräja kill him after giving him unlimited pain. PURPORT In Bhagavad-gétä (6.41) Kåñëa says, çucénäà çrématäà gehe yoga-bhrañöo ’bhijäyate: “Because of his previous connection with bhakti-yoga, a man is born into a prestigious family of brähmaëas or aristocrats.” Having taken such a birth, one should utilize it to perfect bhakti-yoga. However, due to bad association one often forgets that his prestigious position has been given to him by the Supreme Personality of Godhead, and he misuses it by performing various kinds of so-called yajïas like kälé-püjä or durgä-püjä, in which poor animals are sacrificed. How such a person is punished is described herein. The word dambha-yajïeñu in this verse is significant. If one violates the Vedic instructions while performing yajïa and simply makes a show of sacrifice for the purpose of killing animals, he is punishable after death. In <?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-comocean of Püyoda </st1:place>to eat horrible things. Thus even a born çüdra is expected to become a brähmaëa; that is the meaning of human life. Everyone should improve himself. Kåñëa says in Bhagavad-gétä (4.13), cätur-varëyaà mayä såñöaà guëa-karma-vibhägaçaù: <font face=" /><st1:City w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Calcutta</st1:place></st1:City> there are many slaughterhouses where animal flesh is sold that has supposedly been offered in sacrifice before the goddess Kälé. The çästras enjoin that one can sacrifice a small goat before the goddess Kälé once a month. Nowhere is it said that one can maintain a slaughterhouse in the name of temple worship and daily kill animals unnecessarily. Those who do so receive the punishments described herein. SB 5.26.26 TRANSLATION If a foolish member of the twice-born classes [brähmaëa, kñatriya and vaiçya] forces his wife to drink his semen out of a lusty desire to keep her under control, he is put after death into the hell known as Läläbhakña. There he is thrown into a flowing river of semen, which he is forced to drink. PURPORT The practice of forcing one’s wife to drink one’s own semen is a black art practiced by extremely lusty persons. Those who practice this very abominable activity say that if a wife is forced to drink her husband’s semen, she remains very faithful to him. Generally only low-class men engage in this black art, but if a man born in a higher class does so, after death he is put into the hell known as Läläbhakña. There he is immersed in the river known as Çukra-nadé and forced to drink semen. </B>

Srimad-Bhagavatam 5<SUP>th</SUP> Canto Chapter 26 A Description of the Hellish Planets (as translated by and with purports by and with Chapter Summary by A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada) The Twenty-sixth Chapter describes how a sinful man goes to different hells, where he is punished in various ways by the assistants of Yamaräja. As stated in the Bhagavad-gétä (3.27): “The bewildered spirit soul, under the influence of the three modes of material nature, thinks himself to be the doer of activities, which are in actuality carried out by nature.” The foolish person thinks he is independent of any law. He thinks there is no God or regulative principle and that he can do whatever he likes. Thus he engages in different sinful activities, and as a result, he is put into different hellish conditions life after life, to be punished by the laws of nature. The basic principle of his suffering is that he foolishly thinks himself independent, although he is strictly under the control of the laws of material nature. These laws act due to the influence of the three modes of nature, and therefore each human being also works under three different types of influence. According to how he acts, he suffers different reactions in his next life or in this life. Religious persons act differently from atheists, and therefore they suffer different reactions. Çukadeva Gosvämé describes the following twenty-eight hells: Tämisra, Andhatämisra, Raurava, Mahäraurava, Kumbhépäka. Kälasütra, Asi-patravana, Sükaramukha, Andhaküpa, Kåmibhojana. Sandaàça, Taptasürmi, Vajrakaëöaka-çälmalé, Vaitaraëé, Püyoda, Präëarodha, Viçasana, Läläbhakña, Särameyädana, Avéci, Ayaùpäna. Kñärakardama, Rakñogaëa-bhojana, Çülaprota, Dandaçüka. Avaöa-nirodhana, Paryävartana and Sücémukha. A person who steals another’s money, wife or possessions is put into the hell known as Tämisra. A man who tricks someone and enjoys his wife is put into the extremely hellish condition known as Andhatämisra. A foolish person absorbed in the bodily concept of life, who on the basis of this principle maintains himself or his wife and children by committing violence against other living entities, is put into the hell known as Raurava. There the animals he killed take birth as creatures called rurus and cause great suffering for him. Those who kill different animals and birds and then cook them are put by the agents of Yamaräja into the hell known as Kumbhépäka, where they are boiled in oil. A person who kills a brähmaëa is put into the hell known as Kälasütra, where the land, perfectly level and made of copper, is as hot as an oven. The killer of a brähmaëa burns in that land for many years. One who does not follow scriptural injunctions but who does everything whimsically or follows some rascal is put into the hell known as Asi-patravana. A government official who poorly administers justice, or who punishes an innocent man, is taken by the assistants of Yamaräja to the hell known as Sükaramukha, where he is mercilessly beaten. God has given advanced consciousness to the human being. Therefore he can feel the suffering and happiness of other living beings. The human being bereft of his conscience, however, is prone to cause suffering for other living beings. The assistants of Yamaräja put such a person into the hell known as Andhaküpa, where he receives proper punishment from his victims. Any person who does not receive or feed a guest properly but who personally enjoys eating is put into the hell known as Kåmibhojana. There an unlimited number of worms and insects continuously bite him. A thief is put into the hell known as Sandaàça. A person who has sexual relations with a woman who is not to be enjoyed is put into the hell known as Taptasürmi. A person who enjoys sexual relations with animals is put into the hell known as Vajrakaëöaka-çälmalé. A person born into an aristocratic or highly placed family but who does not act accordingly is put into the hellish trench of blood, pus and urine called . One who lives like an animal is put into the hell called Püyoda. A person who mercilessly kills animals in the forest without sanction is put into the hell called Präëarodha. A person who kills animals in the name of religious sacrifice is put into the hell named Viçasana. A man who forces his wife to drink his semen is put into the hell called Läläbhakña. One who sets a fire or administers poison to kill someone is put into the hell known as Särameyädana. A man who earns his livelihood by bearing false witness is put into the hell known as Avéci. A person addicted to drinking wine is put into the hell named Ayaùpäna. One who violates etiquette by not showing proper respect to superiors is put into the hell known as Kñärakardama. A person who sacrifices human beings to Bhairava is put into the hell called Rakñogaëa-bhojana. A person who kills pet animals is put into the hell called Çülaprota. A person who gives trouble to others is put into the hell known as Dandaçüka. One who imprisons a living entity within a cave is put into the hell known as Avaöa-nirodhana. A person who shows unwarranted wrath toward a guest in his house is put into the hell called Paryävartana. A person maddened by possessing riches and thus deeply absorbed in thinking of how to collect money is put into the hell known as Sücémukha. After describing the hellish planets, Çukadeva Gosvämé describes how pious persons are elevated to the highest planetary system, where the demigods live, and how they then come back again to this earth when the results of their pious activities are finished. Finally he describes the universal form of the Lord and glorifies the Lord’s activities. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. (Texts translated by and with purports by A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada): SB 5.26.1 TRANSLATION King Parékñit inquired from Çukadeva Gosvämé: My dear sir, why are the living entities put into different material situations? Kindly explain this to me. PURPORT Çréla Viçvanätha Cakravarté Öhäkura explains that the different hellish planets within this universe are held slightly above the <?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-comVaitaraëé</ST1<ST1:PGarbhodaka Ocean </ST1:P</st1:place>and remain situated there. This chapter describes how all sinful persons go to these hellish planets and how they are punished there by the assistants of Yamaräja. Different individuals with different bodily features enjoy or suffer various reactions according to their past deeds. SB 5.26.2 TRANSLATION The great sage Çukadeva Gosvämé said: My dear King, in this material world there are three kinds of activities—those in the mode of goodness, the mode of passion and the mode of ignorance. Because all people are influenced by the three modes of material nature, the results of their activities are also divided into three. One who acts in the mode of goodness is religious and happy, one who acts in passion achieves mixed misery and happiness, and one who acts under the influence of ignorance is always unhappy and lives like an animal. Because of the varying degrees to which the living entities are influenced by the different modes of nature, their destinations are also of different varieties. SB 5.26.3 TRANSLATION Just as by executing various pious activities one achieves different positions in heavenly life, by acting impiously one achieves different positions in hellish life. Those who are activated by the material mode of ignorance engage in impious activities, and according to the extent of their ignorance, they are placed in different grades of hellish life. If one acts in the mode of ignorance because of madness, his resulting misery is the least severe. One who acts impiously but knows the distinction between pious and impious activities is placed in a hell of intermediate severity. And for one who acts impiously and ignorantly because of atheism, the resultant hellish life is the worst. Because of ignorance, every living entity has been carried by various desires into thousands of different hellish planets since time immemorial. I shall try to describe them as far as possible. SB 5.26.4 TRANSLATION King Parékñit inquired from Çukadeva Gosvämé: My dear lord, are the hellish regions outside the universe, within the covering of the universe, or in different places on this planet? SB 5.26.5 TRANSLATION The great sage Çukadeva Gosvämé answered: All the hellish planets are situated in the intermediate space between the three worlds and the <st1:place w:st="on"><ST1:PGarbhodaka </ST1:POcean</ST1:P</st1:place>. They lie on the southern side of the universe, beneath Bhü-maëòala, and slightly above the water of the <st1:place w:st="on">Garbhodaka Ocean</st1:place>. Pitåloka is also located in this region between the <st1:place w:st="on"><ST1:PGarbhodaka Ocean </st1:place>and the lower planetary systems. All the residents of Pitåloka, headed by Agniñvättä, meditate in great samädhi on the Supreme Personality of Godhead and always wish their families well. PURPORT As previously explained, below our planetary system are seven lower planetary systems, the lowest of which is called Pätälaloka. Beneath Pätälaloka are other planets, known as Narakaloka, or the hellish planets. At the bottom of the universe lies the <st1:place w:st="on"><ST1:PGarbhodaka </ST1:POcean</ST1:P</st1:place>. Therefore the hellish planets lie between Pätälaloka and the <st1:place w:st="on"><ST1:PGarbhodaka Ocean</st1:place>. SB 5.26.6 TRANSLATION The King of the pitäs is Yamaräja, the very powerful son of the sun-god. He resides in Pitåloka with his personal assistants and, while abiding by the rules and regulations set down by the Supreme Lord, has his agents, the Yamadütas, bring all the sinful men to him immediately upon their death. After bringing them within his jurisdiction, he properly judges them according to their specific sinful activities and sends them to one of the many hellish planets for suitable punishments. PURPORT Yamaräja is not a fictitious or mythological character; he has his own abode, Pitåloka, of which he is king. Agnostics may not believe in hell, but Çukadeva Gosvämé affirms the existence of the Naraka planets, which lie between the <st1:place w:st="on"><ST1:PGarbhodaka </ST1:POcean </st1:place>and Pätälaloka. Yamaräja is appointed by the Supreme Personality of Godhead to see that the human beings do not violate His rules and regulations. As confirmed in Bhagavad-gétä (4.17): “The intricacies of action are very hard to understand. Therefore one should know properly what action is, what forbidden action is, and what inaction is. “One should understand the nature of karma, vikarma and akarma, and one must act accordingly. This is the law of the Supreme Personality of Godhead. The conditioned souls, who have come to this material world for sense gratification, are allowed to enjoy their senses under certain regulative principles. If they violate these regulations, they are judged and punished by Yamaräja. He brings them to the hellish planets and properly chastises them to bring them back to Kåñëa consciousness. By the influence of mäyä, however, the conditioned souls remain infatuated with the mode of ignorance. Thus in spite of repeated punishment by Yamaräja, they do not come to their senses, but continue to live within the material condition, committing sinful activities again and again. SB 5.26.7 TRANSLATION Some authorities say that there is a total of twenty-one hellish planets, and some say twenty-eight. My dear King, I shall outline all of them according to their names, forms and symptoms. The names of the different hells are as follows: Tämisra, Andhatämisra, Raurava, Mahäraurava, Kumbhépäka, Kälasütra, Asi-patravana, Sükaramukha, Andhaküpa, Kåmibhojana, Sandaàça, Taptasürmi, Vajrakaëöaka-çälmalé, Vaitaraëé, Püyoda, Präëarodha, Viçasana, Läläbhakña, Särameyädana, Avéci, Ayaùpäna, Kñärakardama, Rakñogaëa-bhojana, Çülaprota, Dandaçüka, Avaöa-nirodhana, Paryävartana and Sücémukha. All these planets are meant for punishing the living entities. SB 5.26.8 TRANSLATION My dear King, a person who appropriates another’s legitimate wife, children or money is arrested at the time of death by the fierce Yamadütas, who bind him with the rope of time and forcibly throw him into the hellish planet known as Tämisra. On this very dark planet, the sinful man is chastised by the Yamadütas, who beat and rebuke him. He is starved, and he is given no water to drink. Thus the wrathful assistants of Yamaräja cause him severe suffering, and sometimes he faints from their chastisement. SB 5.26.9 TRANSLATION The destination of a person who slyly cheats another man and enjoys his wife and children is the hell known as Andhatämisra. There his condition is exactly like that of a tree being chopped at its roots. Even before reaching Andhatämisra, the sinful living being is subjected to various extreme miseries. These afflictions are so severe that he loses his intelligence and sight. It is for this reason that learned sages call this hell Andhatämisra. SB 5.26.10 TRANSLATION A person who accepts his body as his self works very hard day and night for money to maintain his own body and the bodies of his wife and children. While working to maintain himself and his family, he may commit violence against other living entities. Such a person is forced to give up his body and his family at the time of death, when he suffers the reaction for his envy of other creatures by being thrown into the hell called Raurava. PURPORT In Çrémad-Bhägavatam it is said: “One who accepts this bodily bag of three elements [bile, mucus and air] as his self, who has an affinity for an intimate relationship with his wife and children, who considers his land worshipable, who takes bath in the waters of the holy places of pilgrimage but never takes advantage of those persons who are in actual knowledge—he is no better than an ass or a cow.” (Bhäg. 10.84.13) There are two classes of men absorbed in the material concept of life. Out of ignorance, a man in the first class thinks his body to be his self, and therefore he is certainly like an animal (sa eva go-kharaù). The person in the second class, however, not only thinks his material body to be his self, but also commits all kinds of sinful activities to maintain his body. He cheats everyone to acquire money for his family and his self, and he becomes envious of others without reason. Such a person is thrown into the hell known as Raurava. If one simply considers his body to be his self, as do the animals, he is not very sinful. However, if one needlessly commits sins to maintain his body, he is put into the hell known as Raurava. This is the opinion of Çréla Viçvanätha Cakravarté Öhäkura. Although animals are certainly in the bodily concept of life, they do not commit any sins to maintain their bodies, mates or offspring. Therefore animals do not go to hell. However, when a human being acts enviously and cheats others to maintain his body, he is put into a hellish condition. SB 5.26.11 TRANSLATION In this life, an envious person commits violent acts against many living entities. Therefore after his death, when he is taken to hell by Yamaräja, those living entities who were hurt by him appear as animals called rurus to inflict very severe pain upon him. Learned scholars call this hell Raurava. Not generally seen in this world, the ruru is more envious than a snake. PURPORT According to Çrédhara Svämé, the ruru is also known as the bhära-çåìga (ati-krürasya bhära-çåìgäkhya-sattvasya apadeçaù saàjïä). Çréla Jéva Gosvämé confirms this in his Sandarbha: ruru-çabdasya svayaà muninaiva öékä-vidhänäl lokeñv aprasiddha eväyaà jantu-viçeñaù. Thus although rurus are not seen in this world, their existence is confirmed in the çästras. SB 5.26.12 TRANSLATION Punishment in the hell called Mahäraurava is compulsory for a person who maintains his own body by hurting others. In this hell, ruru animals known as kravyäda torment him and eat his flesh. PURPORT The animalistic person who lives simply in the bodily concept of life is not excused. He is put into the hell known as Mahäraurava and attacked by ruru animals known as kravyädas. SB 5.26.13 TRANSLATION For the maintenance of their bodies and the satisfaction of their tongues, cruel persons cook poor animals and birds alive. Such persons are condemned even by man-eaters. In their next lives they are carried by the Yamadütas to the hell known as Kumbhépäka, where they are cooked in boiling oil.

Vaivasvata Manu (7<SUP>th</SUP> Manu), son of Vivasvan & Grandson of Kasyapa was born approx. 120,000,000 years ago [or 27.5 Maha-yugas ago] —during this time the only "householders" would have been Vaivasvata Manu's relatives (the devatas) and their kids. The "sanatana-Dharma" that is communicated to us in the Gita and by the purports of Srila Prabhupada and other bonefide acaryas & sadhus must be taken as containing the resolution to the duties of marriage etc. Simply said, I know. But what I am saying is that in by-gone ages the 'quality of life' was more opulent in a straight-forward and down-to-earth ways. No <?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-comKrishna</st1:place> re-establishes in the Bhagavad-gita was lost to humanity by way of the influence of 'time'. <font face=" /><st1:City w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Las Vegas</st1:place></st1:City> Honeymoons nor airplane flights to tropical island hotels while world wars rage on, just wealth and contentment of an agrarian mode and abundance of a whole-ly wholesome type. <FONT face=Arial>If old men could usurp the young women-folks, then they stole from the younger & stronger men and displayed nothing but bestial lust for sex. No? <FONT face=Arial>If so then what is the confusion? If bestial lust for sex is the Status Quo ascribed in a scripture it is to rejected by right thinking men and women. <FONT face=Arial>If bestial lust for sex is the Status Quo ascribed in a so-called Scripture/Social Structure and it is accepted —it is accepted by tribes that we should not associate ourselves with. <FONT face=Arial>The concept of 'perversity' is definitively ascribed to the acts of pedophiles and similar miscreants and socio-paths.

I agree with the above post! As a young man I asked, "Why is Vrindavan Chandra White where as usually he is shown as Black?" Ans: Krishna is white faced when He 'blushes'. Also, Krishna's Blackness [blue tinge] was much acknowledged [and held against him by foes] in his dealings with the Hastinapura-Royal-Court-Intrigue during his pastimes with the Last Dynasty to rule Bhumi-loka.

Let me refresh your memory: The Manu samhita enumerates marriage arrangement(s), ie: Brahma-marriage, Kshatriya-marriage, gandarva-marriage, etc. The arranged marriage descibed in the above opening Post is a Brahma-marriage-- arranged by the parents and/or the family Guru. The omitted aspect of arranged marriage is that it is meant for every party's mutual happiness. Of course, we have experience where the parents have ulterior motives or are just hillbilly goobers with out any culture nor a fruitfull future worth waiting around for. The only complaint about an arranged marriage is "Stupid/Foolish/Inconsiderate/Doltish Parents" whose judgement is flawed. The 50% of marriages that end in divorce almost all have no such "arranged marriage by parrents" status. Could you consider that the marriages that started with introductions by friends or a dating service ---which ended in divorce an "arrainged" hooking up? I guess that if your marriage, that was not arranged, fails --then you could still stay friends with your parents --unless they 'nag' you with the abmonishment, "I told you so." But most parents want life to be better for their kids than it was for themselves. And most parrents are too busy keeping up with the Jones to have any idea how to find mates for their kids. How can devotees find mate? I'm afraid that their are very few ways to do that. What economic change? Enlisting into the army? Un-employment checks? Happiness is a count of the cash receipts after the guests leave. "Economic and social change means that the rules governing society must also change" Nicely said. What is it that you mean to say? During any economic depression there is still the wealth holders of the country who are still without anxiety. Poor parental guidance steers children toward war, unhappiness, prison, and world-class stupidity. "For evil to flurish all that is required is for good men to do nothing" May you all find good mates and teach your children well.

Tallow. Tallow Fatty Alcohol. Stearic Acid. Rendered beef fat. May cause eczema and blackheads. In wax paper, crayons, margarines, paints, rubber, lubricants, etc. In candles, soaps, lipsticks, shaving creams, other cosmetics. Chemicals (e.g., PCB) can be in animal tallow. Derivatives: Sodium Tallowate, Tallow Acid, Tallow Amide, Tallow Amine, Talloweth-6, Tallow Glycerides, Tallow Imidazoline. Alternatives: vegetable tallow, <?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Japan</st1:place></st1:country-region> tallow, paraffin and/or ceresin (see alternatives to Beeswax for all three). Paraffin is usually from petroleum, wood, coal, or shale oil. Tallow Acid. (See Tallow.) Tallow Amide. (See Tallow.) Tallow Amine. (See Tallow.) Talloweth-6. (See Tallow.) Tallow Glycerides. (See Tallow.) Tallow Imidazoline. (See Tallow.) Triterpene Alcohols. (See Lanolin.) <?xml:namespace prefix = v ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" /><v:shapetype id=_x0000_t75 stroked="f" filled="f" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" o:preferrelative="t" o:spt="75" coordsize="21600,21600"><v:stroke joinstyle="miter"></v:stroke><v:formulas><v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"></v:f></v:formulas><v:path o:connecttype="rect" gradientshapeok="t" o:extrusionok="f"></v:path><o:lock aspectratio="t" v:ext="edit"></o:lock></v:shapetype><v:shape id=_x0000_i1025 title='"Back To Top"' style="WIDTH: 63pt; HEIGHT: 6.75pt" alt="Back To Top" o:button="t" href="http://www.caringconsumer.com/resources_ingredients_list.asp#top#top" type="#_x0000_t75"><v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\jtrapani\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image001.gif" o:href="http://www.caringconsumer.com/images/backtotop.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape> Turtle Oil. Sea Turtle Oil. From the muscles and genitals of giant sea turtles. In soap, skin creams, nail creams, other cosmetics. Alternatives: vegetable emollients (see alternatives to Animal Fats and Oils). Tyrosine. Amino acid hydrolyzed from casein. Used in cosmetics and creams. Derivative: Glucose Tyrosinase. Urea. Carbamide. Excreted from urine and other bodily fluids. In deodorants, ammoniated dentifrices, mouthwashes, hair colorings, hand creams, lotions, shampoos, etc. Used to "brown" baked goods, such as pretzels. Derivatives: Imidazolidinyl Urea, Uric Acid. Alternatives: synthetics. Uric Acid. (See Urea.) Vitamin A. Can come from fish liver oil (e.g., shark liver oil), egg yolk, butter, lemongrass, wheat germ oil, carotene in carrots, and synthetics. It is an aliphatic alcohol. In cosmetics, creams, perfumes, hair dyes, etc. In vitamins, supplements. Alternatives: carrots, other vegetables, synthetics. Vitamin B-Complex Factor. (See Panthenol.) Vitamin B Factor. (See Biotin.) Vitamin B-12. Can come from animal products or bacteria cultures. Twinlab B-12 vitamins contain gelatin. Alternatives: Vegetarian vitamins, fortified soy milks, nutritional yeast, fortified meat substitutes. Vitamin B12 is often listed as "cyanocobalamin" on food labels. Vegan health professionals caution that vegans get 5-10 mcg/day of vitamin B12 from fortified foods or supplements. Vitamin D. Ergocalciferol. Vitamin D-2. Ergosterol. Provitamin D-2. Calciferol. Vitamin D-3. Vitamin D can come from fish liver oil, milk, egg yolk, etc. Vitamin D-2 can come from animal fats or plant sterols. Vitamin D-3 is always from an animal source. All the D vitamins can be in creams, lotions, other cosmetics, vitamin tablets, etc. Alternatives: plant and mineral sources, synthetics, completely vegetarian vitamins, exposure of skin to sunshine. Many other vitamins can come from animal sources. Examples: choline, biotin, inositol, riboflavin, etc. Vitamin H. (See Biotin.) Wax. Glossy, hard substance that is soft when hot. From animals and plants. In lipsticks, depilatories, hair straighteners. Alternatives: vegetable waxes. Whey. A serum from milk. Usually in cakes, cookies, candies, and breads. In cheese-making. Alternatives: soybean whey. Wool. From sheep. Used in clothing. Ram lambs and old "wool" sheep are slaughtered for their meat. Sheep are transported without food or water, in extreme heat and cold. Legs are broken, eyes injured, etc. Sheep are bred to be unnaturally woolly, also unnaturally wrinkly, which causes them to get insect infestations around the tail areas. The farmer's solution to this is the painful cutting away of the flesh around the tail (called ?mulesing?). "Inferior" sheep are killed. When shearing the sheep, they are pinned down violently and sheared roughly. Their skin is cut up. Every year, hundreds of thousands of shorn sheep die from exposure to cold. Natural predators of sheep (wolves, coyotes, eagles, etc.) are poisoned, trapped, and shot. In the <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">U.S.</st1:place></st1:country-region>, overgrazing of cattle and sheep is turning more than 150 million acres of land to desert. "Natural" wool production uses enormous amounts of resources and energy (to breed, raise, feed, shear, transport, slaughter, etc., the sheep). Derivatives: Lanolin, Wool Wax, Wool Fat. Alternatives: cotton, cotton flannel, synthetic fibers, ramie, etc. Wool Fat. (See Lanolin.) Wool Wax. (See Lanolin.) <v:shape id=_x0000_i1026 title='"Back To Top"' style="WIDTH: 63pt; HEIGHT: 6.75pt" alt="Back To Top" o:button="t" href="http://www.caringconsumer.com/resources_ingredients_list.asp#top#top" type="#_x0000_t75"><v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\jtrapani\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image001.gif" o:href="http://www.caringconsumer.com/images/backtotop.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape> REFERENCES Buyukmihci, Nermin. "John Cardillo's List of Animal Products and Their Alternatives." Cosmetic Ingredients Glossary: A Basic Guide to Natural Body Care Products. <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:City w:st="on">Petaluma</st1:City>, <st1:State w:st="on">Calif.</st1:State></st1:place>: Feather River Co., 1988. Mason, Jim, and Peter Singer. Animal Factories. <st1:State w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">New York</st1:place></st1:State>: Crown Publishers, Inc., 1980. Ruesch, Hans. Slaughter of the Innocent. <st1:State w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">New York</st1:place></st1:State>: Civitas, 1983. Singer, Peter. Animal Liberation. <st1:State w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">New York</st1:place></st1:State>: Random House, 1990. Sweethardt Herb Catalogue. Webster's Third New International Dictionary. <st1:place w:st="on"><st1:City w:st="on">Springfield</st1:City>, <st1:State w:st="on">Mass.</st1:State></st1:place>: Merriam-Webster Inc., 1981. Winter, Ruth. A Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients. <st1:State w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">New York</st1:place></st1:State>: Crown Publishing Group, 1994. Winter, Ruth. A Consumer's Dictionary of Food Additives. <st1:State w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">New York</st1:place></st1:State>: Crown Publishing Group, 1994.

Sable Brushes. From the fur of sables (weasel-like mammals). Used to make eye makeup, lipstick, and artists' brushes. Alternatives: synthetic fibers. Sea Turtle Oil. (See Turtle Oil.) Shark Liver Oil. Used in lubricating creams and lotions. Derivatives: Squalane, Squalene. Alternatives: vegetable oils. <?xml:namespace prefix = v ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" /><v:shapetype id=_x0000_t75 stroked="f" filled="f" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" o:preferrelative="t" o:spt="75" coordsize="21600,21600"><v:stroke joinstyle="miter"></v:stroke><v:formulas><v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"></v:f></v:formulas><v:path o:connecttype="rect" gradientshapeok="t" o:extrusionok="f"></v:path><o:lock aspectratio="t" v:ext="edit"></o:lock></v:shapetype><v:shape id=_x0000_i1025 title='"Back To Top"' style="WIDTH: 63pt; HEIGHT: 6.75pt" alt="Back To Top" o:button="t" href="http://www.caringconsumer.com/resources_ingredients_list.asp#top#top" type="#_x0000_t75"><v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\jtrapani\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image001.gif" o:href="http://www.caringconsumer.com/images/backtotop.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape> Sheepskin. (See Leather.) Shellac. Resinous Glaze. Resinous excretion of certain insects. Used as a candy glaze, in hair lacquer, and on jewelry. Alternatives: plant waxes. Silk. Silk Powder. Silk is the shiny fiber made by silkworms to form their cocoons. Worms are boiled in their cocoons to get the silk. Used in cloth. In silk-screening (other fine cloth can be and is used instead). Taffeta can be made from silk or nylon. Silk powder is obtained from the secretion of the silkworm. It is used as a coloring agent in face powders, soaps, etc. Can cause severe allergic skin reactions and systemic reactions (if inhaled or ingested). Alternatives: milkweed seed-pod fibers, nylon, silk-cotton tree and ceiba tree filaments (kapok), rayon, and synthetic silks. Snails. In some cosmetics (crushed). Sodium Caseinate. (See Casein.) Sodium Steroyl Lactylate. (See Lactic Acid.) Sodium Tallowate. (See Tallow.) Spermaceti. Cetyl Palmitate. Sperm Oil. Waxy oil derived from the sperm whale's head or from dolphins. In many margarines. In skin creams, ointments, shampoos, candles, etc. Used in the leather industry. May become rancid and cause irritations. Alternatives: synthetic spermaceti, jojoba oil, and other vegetable emollients. Sponge (Luna and Sea). A plant-like animal. Lives in the sea. Becoming scarce. Alternatives: synthetic sponges, loofahs (plants used as sponges). Squalane. (See Shark Liver Oil.) Squalene. Oil from shark livers, etc. In cosmetics, moisturizers, hair dyes, surface-active agents. Alternatives: vegetable emollients such as olive oil, wheat germ oil, rice bran oil, etc. Stearamide. (See Stearic Acid.) Stearamine. (See Stearic Acid.) Stearamine Oxide. (See Stearyl Alcohol.) <v:shape id=_x0000_i1026 title='"Back To Top"' style="WIDTH: 63pt; HEIGHT: 6.75pt" alt="Back To Top" o:button="t" href="http://www.caringconsumer.com/resources_ingredients_list.asp#top#top" type="#_x0000_t75"><v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\jtrapani\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image001.gif" o:href="http://www.caringconsumer.com/images/backtotop.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape> Stearates. (See Stearic Acid.) Stearic Acid. Fat from cows and sheep and from dogs and cats euthanized in animal shelters, etc. Most often refers to a fatty substance taken from the stomachs of pigs. Can be harsh, irritating. Used in cosmetics, soaps, lubricants, candles, hairspray, conditioners, deodorants, creams, chewing gum, food flavoring. Derivatives: Stearamide, Stearamine, Stearates, Stearic Hydrazide, Stearone, Stearoxytrimethylsilane, Stearoyl Lactylic Acid, Stearyl Betaine, Stearyl Imidazoline. Alternatives: Stearic acid can be found in many vegetable fats, coconut. Stearic Hydrazide. (See Stearic Acid.) Stearone. (See Stearic Acid.) Stearoxytrimethylsilane. (See Stearic Acid.) Stearoyl Lactylic Acid. (See Stearic Acid.) Stearyl Acetate. (See Stearyl Alcohol.) Stearyl Alcohol. Sterols. A mixture of solid alcohols. Can be prepared from sperm whale oil. In medicines, creams, rinses, shampoos, etc. Derivatives: Stearamine Oxide, Stearyl Acetate, Stearyl Caprylate, Stearyl Citrate, Stearyldimethyl Amine, Stearyl Glycyrrhetinate, Stearyl Heptanoate, Stearyl Octanoate, Stearyl Stearate. Alternatives: plant sources, vegetable stearic acid. Stearyl Betaine. (See Stearic Acid.) Stearyl Caprylate. (See Stearyl Alcohol.) Stearyl Citrate. (See Stearyl Alcohol.) Stearyldimethyl Amine. (See Stearyl Alcohol.) Stearyl Glycyrrhetinate. (See Stearyl Alcohol.) Stearyl Heptanoate. (See Stearyl Alcohol.) <v:shape id=_x0000_i1027 title='"Back To Top"' style="WIDTH: 63pt; HEIGHT: 6.75pt" alt="Back To Top" o:button="t" href="http://www.caringconsumer.com/resources_ingredients_list.asp#top#top" type="#_x0000_t75"><v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\jtrapani\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image001.gif" o:href="http://www.caringconsumer.com/images/backtotop.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape> Stearyl Imidazoline. (See Stearic Acid.) Stearyl Octanoate. (See Stearyl Alcohol.) Stearyl Stearate. (See Stearyl Alcohol.) Steroids. Sterols. From various animal glands or from plant tissues. Steroids include sterols. Sterols are alcohol from animals or plants (e.g., cholesterol). Used in hormone preparation. In creams, lotions, hair conditioners, fragrances, etc. Alternatives: plant tissues, synthetics. Sterols. (See Stearyl Alcohol and Steroids.) Suede. (See Leather.)

Marine Oil. From fish or marine mammals (including porpoises). Used in soap-making. Used as a shortening (especially in some margarines), as a lubricant, and in paint. Alternatives: vegetable oils. Methionine. Essential amino acid found in various proteins (usually from egg albumen and casein). Used as a texturizer and for freshness in potato chips. Alternatives: synthetics. Milk Protein. Hydrolyzed milk protein. From the milk of cows. In cosmetics, shampoos, moisturizers, conditioners, etc. Alternatives: soy protein, other plant proteins. Mink Oil. From minks. In cosmetics, creams, etc. Alternatives: vegetable oils and emollients such as avocado oil, almond oil, and jojoba oil. Monoglycerides. Glycerides. (See Glycerin.) From animal fat. In margarines, cake mixes, candies, foods, etc. In cosmetics. Alternative: vegetable glycerides. Musk (Oil). Dried secretion painfully obtained from musk deer, beaver, muskrat, civet cat, and otter genitals. Wild cats are kept captive in cages in horrible conditions and are whipped around the genitals to produce the scent; beavers are trapped; deer are shot. In perfumes and in food flavorings. Alternatives: labdanum oil (which comes from various rockrose shrubs) and other plants with a musky scent. Labdanum oil has no known <?xml:namespace prefix = v ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" /><v:shapetype id=_x0000_t75 stroked="f" filled="f" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" o:preferrelative="t" o:spt="75" coordsize="21600,21600"><v:stroke joinstyle="miter"></v:stroke><v:formulas><v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"></v:f></v:formulas><v:path o:connecttype="rect" gradientshapeok="t" o:extrusionok="f"></v:path><o:lock aspectratio="t" v:ext="edit"></o:lock></v:shapetype><v:shape id=_x0000_i1025 title='"Back To Top"' style="WIDTH: 63pt; HEIGHT: 6.75pt" alt="Back To Top" o:button="t" href="http://www.caringconsumer.com/resources_ingredients_list.asp#top#top" type="#_x0000_t75"><v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\jtrapani\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image001.gif" o:href="http://www.caringconsumer.com/images/backtotop.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape> Myristal Ether Sulfate. (See Myristic Acid.) Myristic Acid. Organic acid in most animal and vegetable fats. In butter acids. Used in shampoos, creams, cosmetics. In food flavorings. Derivatives: Isopropyl Myristate, Myristal Ether Sulfate, Myristyls, Oleyl Myristate. Alternatives: nut butters, oil of lovage, coconut oil, extract from seed kernels of nutmeg, etc. Myristyls. (See Myristic Acid.) "Natural Sources." Can mean animal or vegetable sources. Most often in the health food industry, especially in the cosmetics area, it means animal sources, such as animal elastin, glands, fat, protein, and oil. Alternatives: plant sources. Nucleic Acids. In the nucleus of all living cells. Used in cosmetics, shampoos, conditioners, etc. Also in vitamins, supplements. Alternatives: plant sources. Ocenol. (See Oleyl Alcohol.) Octyl Dodecanol. Mixture of solid waxy alcohols. Primarily from stearyl alcohol. (See Stearyl Alcohol.) Oleic Acid. Obtained from various animal and vegetable fats and oils. Usually obtained commercially from inedible tallow. (See Tallow.) In foods, soft soap, bar soap, permanent wave solutions, creams, nail polish, lipsticks, many other skin preparations. Derivatives: Oleyl Oleate, Oleyl Stearate. Alternatives: coconut oil. (See alternatives to Animal Fats and Oils.) Oils. (See alternatives to Animal Fats and Oils.) Oleths. (See Oleyl Alcohol.) Oleyl Alcohol. Ocenol. Found in fish oils. Used in the manufacture of detergents, as a plasticizer for softening fabrics, and as a carrier for medications. Derivatives: Oleths, Oleyl Arachidate, Oleyl Imidazoline. Oleyl Arachidate. (See Oleyl Alcohol.) Oleyl Imidazoline. (See Oleyl Alcohol.) Oleyl Myristate. (See Myristic Acid.) <v:shape id=_x0000_i1026 title='"Back To Top"' style="WIDTH: 63pt; HEIGHT: 6.75pt" alt="Back To Top" o:button="t" href="http://www.caringconsumer.com/resources_ingredients_list.asp#top#top" type="#_x0000_t75"><v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\jtrapani\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image001.gif" o:href="http://www.caringconsumer.com/images/backtotop.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape> Oleyl Oleate. (See Oleic Acid.) Oleyl Stearate. (See Oleic Acid.) Palmitamide. (See Palmitic Acid.) Palmitamine. (See Palmitic Acid.) Palmitate. (See Palmitic Acid.) Palmitic Acid. From fats, oils (see Fatty Acids). Mixed with stearic acid. Found in many animal fats and plant oils. In shampoos, shaving soaps, creams. Derivatives: Palmitate, Palmitamine, Palmitamide. Alternatives: palm oil, vegetable sources. Panthenol. Dexpanthenol. Vitamin B-Complex Factor. Provitamin B-5. Can come from animal or plant sources or synthetics. In shampoos, supplements, emollients, etc. In foods. Derivative: Panthenyl. Alternatives: synthetics, plants. Panthenyl. (See Panthenol.) Pepsin. In hogs' stomachs. A clotting agent. In some cheeses and vitamins. Same uses and alternatives as Rennet. Placenta. Placenta Polypeptides Protein. Afterbirth. Contains waste matter eliminated by the fetus. Derived from the uterus of slaughtered animals. Animal placenta is widely used in skin creams, shampoos, masks, etc.Alternatives: kelp. (See alternatives to Animal Fats and Oils.) Polyglycerol. (See Glycerin.) Polypeptides. From animal protein. Used in cosmetics. Alternatives: plant proteins and enzymes. Polysorbates. Derivatives of fatty acids. In cosmetics, foods. Pristane. Obtained from the liver oil of sharks and from whale ambergris. (See Squalene, Ambergris.) Used as a lubricant and anti-corrosive agent. In cosmetics. Alternatives: plant oils, synthetics. <v:shape id=_x0000_i1027 title='"Back To Top"' style="WIDTH: 63pt; HEIGHT: 6.75pt" alt="Back To Top" o:button="t" href="http://www.caringconsumer.com/resources_ingredients_list.asp#top#top" type="#_x0000_t75"><v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\jtrapani\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image001.gif" o:href="http://www.caringconsumer.com/images/backtotop.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape> Progesterone. A steroid hormone used in anti-wrinkle face creams. Can have adverse systemic effects. Alternatives: synthetics. Propolis. Tree sap gathered by bees and used as a sealant in beehives. In toothpaste, shampoo, deodorant, supplements, etc. Alternatives: tree sap, synthetics. Provitamin A. (See Carotene.) Provitamin B-5. (See Panthenol.) Provitamin D-2. (See Vitamin D.) Rennet. Rennin. Enzyme from calves' stomachs. Used in cheese-making, rennet custard (junket), and in many coagulated dairy products. Alternatives: microbial coagulating agents, bacteria culture, lemon juice, or vegetable rennet. Rennin. (See Rennet.) Resinous Glaze. (See Shellac.) Ribonucleic Acid. (See RNA.) RNA. Ribonucleic Acid. RNA is in all living cells. Used in many protein shampoos and cosmetics. Alternatives: plant cells. Royal Jelly. Secretion from the throat glands of the honeybee workers that is fed to the larvae in a colony and to all queen larvae. No proven value in cosmetics preparations. Alternatives: aloe vera, comfrey, other plant derivatives.

Gel. (See Gelatin.) <?xml:namespace prefix = v ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" /><v:shapetype id=_x0000_t75 stroked="f" filled="f" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" o:preferrelative="t" o:spt="75" coordsize="21600,21600"><v:stroke joinstyle="miter"></v:stroke><v:formulas><v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"></v:f></v:formulas><v:path o:connecttype="rect" gradientshapeok="t" o:extrusionok="f"></v:path><o:lock aspectratio="t" v:ext="edit"></o:lock></v:shapetype><v:shape id=_x0000_i1025 title='"Back To Top"' style="WIDTH: 63pt; HEIGHT: 6.75pt" alt="Back To Top" o:button="t" href="http://www.caringconsumer.com/resources_ingredients_list.asp#top#top" type="#_x0000_t75"><v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\jtrapani\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image001.gif" o:href="http://www.caringconsumer.com/images/backtotop.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape> Gelatin. Gel. Protein obtained by boiling skin, tendons, ligaments, and/or bones with water. From cows and pigs. Used in shampoos, face masks, and other cosmetics. Used as a thickener for fruit gelatins and puddings (e.g., "Jello"). In candies, marshmallows, cakes, ice cream, yogurts. On photographic film and in vitamins as a coating and as capsules. Sometimes used to assist in "clearing" wines. Alternatives: carrageen (carrageenan, Irish moss), seaweeds (algin, agar-agar, kelp—used in jellies, plastics, medicine), pectin from fruits, dextrins, locust bean gum, cotton gum, silica gel. Marshmallows were originally made from the root of the marsh mallow plant. Vegetarian capsules are now available from several companies. Digital cameras don't use film. Glucose Tyrosinase. (See Tyrosine.) Glycerides. (See Glycerin.) Glycerin. Glycerol. A byproduct of soap manufacture (normally uses animal fat). In cosmetics, foods, mouthwashes, chewing gum, toothpastes, soaps, ointments, medicines, lubricants, transmission and brake fluid, and plastics. Derivatives: Glycerides, Glyceryls, Glycreth-26, Polyglycerol. Alternatives: vegetable glycerin—a byproduct of vegetable oil soap. Derivatives of seaweed, petroleum. Glycerol. (See Glycerin.) Glyceryls. (See Glycerin.) Glycreth-26. (See Glycerin.) Guanine. Pearl Essence. Obtained from scales of fish. Constituent of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid and found in all animal and plant tissues. In shampoo, nail polish, other cosmetics. Alternatives: leguminous plants, synthetic pearl, or aluminum and bronze particles. Hide Glue. Same as gelatin but of a cruder impure form. Alternatives: dextrins and synthetic petrochemical-based adhesives. (See Gelatin.) Honey. Food for bees, made by bees. Can cause allergic reactions. Used as a coloring and an emollient in cosmetics and as a flavoring in foods. Should never be fed to infants. Alternatives: in foods—maple syrup, date sugar, syrups made from grains such as barley malt, turbinado sugar, molasses; in cosmetics—vegetable colors and oils. Honeycomb. (See Beeswax.) Horsehair. (See Animal Hair.) Hyaluronic Acid. A protein found in umbilical cords and the fluids around the joints. Used in cosmetics. Alternatives: synthetic hyaluronic acid, plant oils. Hydrocortisone. (See Cortisone.) <v:shape id=_x0000_i1026 title='"Back To Top"' style="WIDTH: 63pt; HEIGHT: 6.75pt" alt="Back To Top" o:button="t" href="http://www.caringconsumer.com/resources_ingredients_list.asp#top#top" type="#_x0000_t75"><v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\jtrapani\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image001.gif" o:href="http://www.caringconsumer.com/images/backtotop.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape> Hydrolyzed Animal Protein. In cosmetics, especially shampoo and hair treatments. Alternatives: soy protein, other vegetable proteins, amla oil (see alternatives to Keratin). Imidazolidinyl Urea. (See Urea.) Insulin. From hog pancreas. Used by millions of diabetics daily. Alternatives: synthetics, vegetarian diet and nutritional supplements, human insulin grown in a lab. Isinglass. A form of gelatin prepared from the internal membranes of fish bladders. Sometimes used in "clearing" wines and in foods. Alternatives: bentonite clay, "Japanese isinglass," agar-agar (see alternatives to Gelatin), mica, a mineral used in cosmetics. Isopropyl Lanolate. (See Lanolin.) Isopropyl Myristate. (See Myristic Acid.) Isopropyl Palmitate. Complex mixtures of isomers of stearic acid and palmitic acid. (See Stearic Acid.) Keratin. Protein from the ground-up horns, hooves, feathers, quills, and hair of various animals. In hair rinses, shampoos, permanent wave solutions. Alternatives: almond oil, soy protein, amla oil (from the fruit of an Indian tree), human hair from salons. Rosemary and nettle give body and strand strength to hair. Lactic Acid. Found in blood and muscle tissue. Also in sour milk, beer, sauerkraut, pickles, and other food products made by bacterial fermentation. Used in skin fresheners, as a preservative, in the formation of plasticizers, etc. Alternative: plant milk sugars, synthetics. Lactose. Milk sugar from milk of mammals. In eye lotions, foods, tablets, cosmetics, baked goods, medicines. Alternatives: plant milk sugars. Laneth. (See Lanolin.) Lanogene. (See Lanolin.) Lanolin. Lanolin Acids. Wool Fat. Wool Wax. A product of the oil glands of sheep, extracted from their wool. Used as an emollient in many skin care products and cosmetics and in medicines. An allergen with no proven effectiveness. (See Wool for cruelty to sheep.) Derivatives: Aliphatic Alcohols, Cholesterin, Isopropyl Lanolate, Laneth, Lanogene, Lanolin Alcohols, Lanosterols, Sterols, Triterpene Alcohols. Alternatives: plant and vegetable oils. Lanolin Alcohol. (See Lanolin.) <v:shape id=_x0000_i1027 title='"Back To Top"' style="WIDTH: 63pt; HEIGHT: 6.75pt" alt="Back To Top" o:button="t" href="http://www.caringconsumer.com/resources_ingredients_list.asp#top#top" type="#_x0000_t75"><v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\jtrapani\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image001.gif" o:href="http://www.caringconsumer.com/images/backtotop.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape> Lanosterols. (See Lanolin.) Lard. Fat from hog abdomens. In shaving creams, soaps, cosmetics. In baked goods, French fries, refried beans, and many other foods. Alternatives: pure vegetable fats or oils. Leather. Suede. Calfskin. Sheepskin. Alligator Skin. Other Types of Skin. Subsidizes the meat industry. Used to make wallets, handbags, furniture and car upholstery, shoes, etc. Alternatives: cotton, canvas, nylon, vinyl, ultrasuede, pleather, other synthetics. Lecithin. Choline Bitartrate. Waxy substance in nervous tissue of all living organisms. But frequently obtained for commercial purposes from eggs and soybeans. Also from nerve tissue, blood, milk, corn. Choline bitartrate, the basic constituent of lecithin, is in many animal and plant tissues and prepared synthetically. Lecithin can be in eye creams, lipsticks, liquid powders, hand creams, lotions, soaps, shampoos, other cosmetics, and some medicines. Alternatives: soybean lecithin, synthetics. Linoleic Acid. An essential fatty acid. Used in cosmetics, vitamins. Alternatives: (See alternatives to Fatty Acids.) Lipase. Enzyme from the stomachs and tongue glands of calves, kids, and lambs. Used in cheese-making and in digestive aids. Alternatives: vegetable enzymes, castor beans. Lipids. (See Lipoids.) Lipoids. Lipids. Fat and fat-like substances that are found in animals and plants. Alternatives: vegetable oils. Marine Oil. From fish or marine mammals (including porpoises). Used in soap-making. Used as a shortening (especially in some margarines), as a lubricant, and in paint. Alternatives: vegetable oils. Methionine. Essential amino acid found in various proteins (usually from egg albumen and casein). Used as a texturizer and for freshness in potato chips. Alternatives: synthetics.

Calciferol. (See Vitamin D.) Calfskin. (See Leather.) Caprylamine Oxide. (See Caprylic Acid.) Capryl Betaine. (See Caprylic Acid.) Caprylic Acid. A liquid fatty acid from cow's or goat's milk. Also from palm and coconut oil, other plant oils. In perfumes, soaps. Derivatives: Caprylic Triglyceride, Caprylamine Oxide, Capryl Betaine. Alternatives: plant sources. Caprylic Triglyceride. (See Caprylic Acid.) Carbamide. (See Urea.) Carmine. Cochineal. Carminic Acid. Red pigment from the crushed female cochineal insect. Reportedly, 70,000 beetles must be killed to produce one pound of this red dye. Used in cosmetics, shampoos, red apple sauce, and other foods (including red lollipops and food coloring). May cause allergic reaction. Alternatives: beet juice (used in powders, rouges, shampoos; no known toxicity); alkanet root (from the root of this herb-like tree; used as a red dye for inks, wines, lip balms, etc.; no known toxicity. Can also be combined to make a copper or blue coloring). (See Colors.) Carminic Acid. (See Carmine.) Carotene. Provitamin A. Beta Carotene. A pigment found in many animal tissues and in all plants. Used as a coloring in cosmetics and in the manufacture of vitamin A. Casein. Caseinate. Sodium Caseinate. Milk protein. In "non-dairy" creamers, soy cheese, many cosmetics, hair preparations, beauty masks. Alternatives: soy protein, soy milk, and other vegetable milks. Caseinate. (See Casein.) <?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:place w:st="on">Cashmere</st1:place>. Wool from the Kashmir goat. Used in clothing. Alternatives: synthetic fibers. <?xml:namespace prefix = v ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" /><v:shapetype id=_x0000_t75 stroked="f" filled="f" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" o:preferrelative="t" o:spt="75" coordsize="21600,21600"><v:stroke joinstyle="miter"></v:stroke><v:formulas><v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"></v:f></v:formulas><v:path o:connecttype="rect" gradientshapeok="t" o:extrusionok="f"></v:path><o:lock aspectratio="t" v:ext="edit"></o:lock></v:shapetype><v:shape id=_x0000_i1025 title='"Back To Top"' style="WIDTH: 63pt; HEIGHT: 6.75pt" alt="Back To Top" o:button="t" href="http://www.caringconsumer.com/resources_ingredients_list.asp#top#top" type="#_x0000_t75"><v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\jtrapani\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image001.gif" o:href="http://www.caringconsumer.com/images/backtotop.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape> Castor. Castoreum. Creamy substance with strong odor from muskrat and beaver genitals. Used as a fixative in perfume and incense. Alternatives: synthetics, plant castor oil. Castoreum. (See Castor.) Catgut. Tough string from the intestines of sheep, horses, etc. Used for surgical sutures. Also for stringing tennis rackets and musical instruments, etc. Alternatives: nylon and other synthetic fibers. Cera Flava. (See Beeswax.) Cerebrosides. Fatty acids and sugars found in the covering of nerves. May include tissue from brain. Cetyl Alcohol. Wax found in spermaceti from sperm whales or dolphins. Alternatives: Vegetable cetyl alcohol (e.g., coconut), synthetic spermaceti. Cetyl Palmitate. (See Spermaceti.) Chitosan. A fiber derived from crustacean shells. Used as a lipid binder in diet products, in hair, oral and skin care products, antiperspirants, and deodorants. Alternatives: raspberries, yams, legumes, dried apricots, and many other fruits and vegetables. Cholesterin. (See Lanolin.) Cholesterol. A steroid alcohol in all animal fats and oils, nervous tissue, egg yolk, and blood. Can be derived from lanolin. In cosmetics, eye creams, shampoos, etc. Alternatives: solid complex alcohols (sterols) from plant sources. Choline Bitartrate. (See Lecithin.) Civet. Unctuous secretion painfully scraped from a gland very near the genital organs of civet cats. Used as a fixative in perfumes. Alternatives: (See alternatives to Musk.). Cochineal. (See Carmine.) Cod Liver Oil. (See Marine Oil.) <v:shape id=_x0000_i1026 title='"Back To Top"' style="WIDTH: 63pt; HEIGHT: 6.75pt" alt="Back To Top" o:button="t" href="http://www.caringconsumer.com/resources_ingredients_list.asp#top#top" type="#_x0000_t75"><v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\jtrapani\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image001.gif" o:href="http://www.caringconsumer.com/images/backtotop.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape> Collagen. Fibrous protein in vertebrates. Usually derived from animal tissue. Can't affect the skin's own collagen. An allergen. Alternatives: soy protein, almond oil, amla oil (see alternative to Keratin), etc. Colors. Dyes. Pigments from animal, plant, and synthetic sources used to color foods, cosmetics, and other products. Cochineal is from insects. Widely used FD&C and D&C colors are coaltar (bituminous coal) derivatives that are continously tested on animals due to their carcinogenic properties. Alternatives: grapes, beets, turmeric, saffron, carrots, chlorophyll, annatto, alkanet. Corticosteroid. (See Cortisone.) Cortisone. Corticosteroid. Hormone from adrenal glands. Widely used in medicine. Alternatives: synthetics. Cysteine, L-Form. An amino acid from hair which can come from animals. Used in hair-care products and creams, in some bakery products, and in wound-healing formulations. Alternatives: plant sources. Cystine. An amino acid found in urine and horsehair. Used as a nutritional supplement and in emollients. Alternatives: plant sources. Dexpanthenol. (See Panthenol.) Diglycerides. (See Monoglycerides and Glycerin.) Dimethyl Stearamine. (See Stearic Acid.) Down. Goose or duck insulating feathers. From slaughtered or cruelly exploited geese. Used as an insulator in quilts, parkas, sleeping bags, pillows, etc. Alternatives: polyester and synthetic substitutes, kapok (silky fibers from the seeds of some tropical trees) and milkweed seed pod fibers. Duodenum Substances. From the digestive tracts of cows and pigs. Added to some vitamin tablets. In some medicines. Alternatives: vegetarian vitamins, synthetics. Dyes. (See Colors.) Egg Protein. In shampoos, skin preparations, etc. Alternatives: plant proteins. Elastin. Protein found in the neck ligaments and aortas of cows. Similar to collagen. Can't affect the skin's own elasticity. Alternatives: synthetics, protein from plant tissues. <v:shape id=_x0000_i1027 title='"Back To Top"' style="WIDTH: 63pt; HEIGHT: 6.75pt" alt="Back To Top" o:button="t" href="http://www.caringconsumer.com/resources_ingredients_list.asp#top#top" type="#_x0000_t75"><v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\jtrapani\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image001.gif" o:href="http://www.caringconsumer.com/images/backtotop.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape> Emu Oil. From flightless ratite birds native to <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Australia</st1:place></st1:country-region> and now factory farmed. Used in cosmetics and creams. Alternatives: vegetable and plant oils. Ergocalciferol. (See Vitamin D.) Ergosterol. (See Vitamin D.) Estradiol. (See Estrogen.) Estrogen. Estradiol. Female hormones from pregnant mares? urine. Considered a drug. Can have harmful systemic effects if used by children. Used for reproductive problems and in birth control pills and Premarin, a menopausal drug. In creams, perfumes, and lotions. Has a negligible effect in the creams as a skin restorative; simple vegetable-source emollients are considered better. Alternatives: oral contraceptives and menopausal drugs based on synthetic steroids or phytoestrogens (from plants, especially palm-kernel oil). Menopausal symptoms can also be treated with diet and herbs. Fats. (See Animal Fats.) Fatty Acids. Can be one or any mixture of liquid and solid acids such as caprylic, lauric, myristic, oleic, palmitic, and stearic. Used in bubble baths, lipsticks, soap, detergents, cosmetics, food. Alternatives: vegetable-derived acids, soy lecithin, safflower oil, bitter almond oil, sunflower oil, etc. FD&C Colors. (See Colors.) Feathers. From exploited and slaughtered birds. Used whole as ornaments or ground up in shampoos. (See Down and Keratin.) Fish Liver Oil. Used in vitamins and supplements. In milk fortified with vitamin D. Alternatives: yeast extract ergosterol and exposure of skin to sunshine. Fish Oil. (See Marine Oil.) Fish oil can also be from marine mammals. Used in soap-making. Fish Scales. Used in shimmery makeups. Alternatives: mica, rayon, synthetic pearl. Fur. Obtained from animals (usually mink, foxes, or rabbits) cruelly trapped in steel-jaw leghold traps or raised in intensive confinement on fur "farms." Alternatives: synthetics. (See Sable Brushes.)

Animal Ingredients List About This List PETA's list of animal ingredients and their alternatives helps consumers avoid animal ingredients in food, cosmetics, and other products. Please note, however, that it is not all-inclusive. There are thousands of technical and patented names for ingredient variations. Furthermore, many ingredients known by one name can be of animal, vegetable, or synthetic origin. If you have a question regarding an ingredient in a product, call the manufacturer. Good sources of additional informa-tion are the Consumer's Dictionary of Cosmetic Ingredients, the Consumer's Dictionary of Food Additives, or an unabridged dictionary. All of these are available at most libraries. Adding to the confusion over whether or not an ingredient is of animal origin is the fact that many companies have removed the word "animal" from their ingredient labels to avoid putting off consumers. For example, rather than use the term "hydrolyzed animal protein," companies may use another term such as "hydrolyzed collagen." Simple for them, but frustrating for the caring consumer. Animal ingredients are used not because they are better than vegetable-derived or synthetic ingredients but rather because they are generally cheaper. Today's slaughterhouses must dispose of the byproducts of the slaughter of billions of animals every year and have found an easy and profitable solution in selling them to food and cosmetics manufacturers. Animal ingredients come from every industry that uses animals: meat, fur, wool, dairy, egg, and fishing, as well as industries such as horse racing and rodeo, which send unwanted animals to slaughter. Contact PETA for our factsheets to learn more about the animals who suffer at the hands of these industries and what you can do to help. Rendering plants process the bodies of millions of tons of dead animals every year, transforming decaying flesh and bones into profitable animal ingredients. The pri-mary source of rendered animals is slaughterhouses, which provide the "inedible" parts of all animals killed for food. The bodies of companion animals who are euth-anized in animal shelters wind up at rendering plants, too. One small plant in <?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:State w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Quebec</st1:place></st1:State> renders 10 tons of dogs and cats a week, a sobering reminder of the horrible dog and cat overpopulation problem with which shelters must cope. Some animal ingredients do not wind up in the final product but are used in the manufacturing process. For example, in the production of some refined sugars, bone char is used to whiten the sugar; in some wines and beers, isinglass (from the swim bladders of fish) is used as a "clearing" agent. Kosher symbols and markings also add to the confusion and are not reliable indicators on which vegans or vegetarians should base their purchasing decisions. This issue is complex, but the “K” or “Kosher” symbols basically mean that the food manufacturing process was overseen by a rabbi, who ensures that it meets Hebrew dietary laws. Kosher foods may not contain both dairy products and meat, but they may contain one or the other. “P” or “Parve” means the product contains no meat or dairy products but may contain fish or eggs. “D,” as in “Kosher D,” means that the product either contains dairy or was made with dairy machinery. For example, a chocolate and peanut candy may be marked “Kosher D” even if it doesn't contain dairy because the non-dairy chocolate was manufactured on machinery that also made milk chocolate. For questions regarding other symbols, please consult Jewish organizations or publications. Thousands of products on store shelves have labels that are hard to decipher. It's nearly impossible to be perfectly vegan, but it's getting easier to avoid products with animal ingredients. Our list will give you a good working knowledge of the most common animal-derived ingredients and their alternatives, allowing you to make decisions that will save animals' lives. <HR align=center width="100%" SIZE=2> Adrenaline. Hormone from adrenal glands of hogs, cattle, and sheep. In medicine. Alternatives: synthetics. Alanine. (See Amino Acids.) Albumen. In eggs, milk, muscles, blood, and many vegetable tissues and fluids. In cosmetics, albumen is usually derived from egg whites and used as a coagulating agent. May cause allergic reaction. In cakes, cookies, candies, etc. Egg whites sometimes used in "clearing" wines. Derivative: Albumin. Albumin. (See Albumen.) Alcloxa. (See Allantoin.) Aldioxa. (See Allantoin.) Aliphatic Alcohol. (See Lanolin and Vitamin A.) Allantoin. Uric acid from cows, most mammals. Also in many plants (especially comfrey). In cosmetics (especially creams and lotions) and used in treatment of wounds and ulcers. Derivatives: Alcloxa, Aldioxa. Alternatives: extract of comfrey root, synthetics. Alligator Skin. (See Leather.) Alpha-Hydroxy Acids. Any one of several acids used as an exfoliant and in anti-wrinkle products. Lactic acid may be animal-derived (see Lactic Acid). Alternatives: glycolic acid, citric acid, and salicylic acid are plant- or fruit-derived. Ambergris. From whale intestines. Used as a fixative in making perfumes and as a flavoring in foods and beverages. Alternatives: synthetic or vegetable fixatives. Amino Acids. The building blocks of protein in all animals and plants. In cosmetics, vitamins, supplements, shampoos, etc. Alternatives: synthetics, plant sources. Aminosuccinate Acid. (See Aspartic Acid.) <st1:place w:st="on">Angora</st1:place>. Hair from the Angora rabbit or goat. Used in clothing. Alternatives: synthetic fibers. <?xml:namespace prefix = v ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" /><v:shapetype id=_x0000_t75 stroked="f" filled="f" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" o:preferrelative="t" o:spt="75" coordsize="21600,21600"><v:stroke joinstyle="miter"></v:stroke><v:formulas><v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"></v:f></v:formulas><v:path o:connecttype="rect" gradientshapeok="t" o:extrusionok="f"></v:path><o:lock aspectratio="t" v:ext="edit"></o:lock></v:shapetype><v:shape id=_x0000_i1026 title='"Back To Top"' style="WIDTH: 63pt; HEIGHT: 6.75pt" alt="Back To Top" o:button="t" href="http://www.caringconsumer.com/resources_ingredients_list.asp#top#top" type="#_x0000_t75"><v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\jtrapani\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image001.gif" o:href="http://www.caringconsumer.com/images/backtotop.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape> Animal Fats and Oils. In foods, cosmetics, etc. Highly allergenic. Alternatives: olive oil, wheat germ oil, coconut oil, flaxseed oil, almond oil, safflower oil, etc. Animal Hair. In some blankets, mattresses, brushes, furniture, etc. Alternatives: vegetable and synthetic fibers. Arachidonic Acid. A liquid unsaturated fatty acid that is found in liver, brain, glands, and fat of animals and humans. Generally isolated from animal liver. Used in companion animal food for nutrition and in skin creams and lotions to soothe eczema and rashes. Alternatives: synthetics, aloe vera, tea tree oil, calendula ointment. Arachidyl Proprionate. A wax that can be from animal fat. Alternatives: peanut or vegetable oil. Aspartic Acid. Aminosuccinate Acid. Can be animal or plant source (e.g., molasses). Sometimes synthesized for commercial purposes. Bee Pollen. Microsporic grains in seed plants gathered by bees then collected from the legs of bees. Causes allergic reactions in some people. In nutritional supplements, shampoos, toothpastes, deodorants. Alternatives: synthetics, plant amino acids, pollen collected from plants. Bee Products. Produced by bees for their own use. Bees are selectively bred. Culled bees are killed. A cheap sugar is substituted for their stolen honey. Millions die as a result. Their legs are often torn off by pollen-collection trapdoors. Beeswax. Honeycomb. Wax obtained from melting honeycomb with boiling water, straining it, and cooling it. From virgin bees. Very cheap and widely used. May be harmful to the skin. In lipsticks and many other cosmetics (especially face creams, lotions, mascara, eye creams and shadows, face makeups, nail whiteners, lip balms, etc.). Derivatives: Cera Flava. Alternatives: paraffin, vegetable oils and fats. Ceresin, aka ceresine, aka earth wax. (Made from the mineral ozokerite. Replaces beeswax in cosmetics. Also used to wax paper, to make polishing cloths, in dentistry for taking wax impressions, and in candle-making.) Also, carnauba wax (from the Brazilian palm tree; used in many cosmetics, including lipstick; rarely causes allergic reactions). Candelilla wax (from candelilla plants; used in many cosmetics, including lipstick; also in the manufacture of rubber and phonograph records, in waterproofing and writing inks; no known toxicity). Japan wax (Vegetable wax. Japan tallow. Fat from the fruit of a tree grown in <st1:country-region w:st="on">Japan</st1:country-region> and <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">China.</st1:place></st1:country-region>). Benzoic Acid. In almost all vertebrates and in berries. Used as a preservative in mouthwashes, deodorants, creams, aftershave lotions, etc. Alternatives: cranberries, gum benzoin (tincture) from the aromatic balsamic resin from trees grown in <st1:country-region w:st="on">China</st1:country-region>, <st1:City w:st="on">Sumatra</st1:City>, <st1:country-region w:st="on">Thailand</st1:country-region>, and <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">Cambodia</st1:place></st1:country-region>. Beta Carotene. (See Carotene.) Biotin. Vitamin H. Vitamin B Factor. In every living cell and in larger amounts in milk and yeast. Used as a texturizer in cosmetics, shampoos, and creams. Alternatives: plant sources. Blood. From any slaughtered animal. Used as adhesive in plywood, also found in cheese-making, foam rubber, intravenous feedings, and medicines. Possibly in foods such as lecithin. Alternatives: synthetics, plant sources. Boar Bristles. Hair from wild or captive hogs. In "natural" toothbrushes and bath and shaving brushes. Alternatives: vegetable fibers, nylon, the peelu branch or peelu gum (Asian, available in the <st1:country-region w:st="on"><st1:place w:st="on">U.S.</st1:place></st1:country-region>; its juice replaces toothpaste). Bone Char. Animal bone ash. Used in bone china and often to make sugar white. Serves as the charcoal used in aquarium filters. Alternatives: synthetic tribasic calcium phosphate. <v:shape id=_x0000_i1027 title='"Back To Top"' style="WIDTH: 63pt; HEIGHT: 6.75pt" alt="Back To Top" o:button="t" href="http://www.caringconsumer.com/resources_ingredients_list.asp#top#top" type="#_x0000_t75"><v:imagedata src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\jtrapani\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image001.gif" o:href="http://www.caringconsumer.com/images/backtotop.gif"></v:imagedata></v:shape> Bone Meal. Crushed or ground animal bones. In some fertilizers. In some vitamins and supplements as a source of calcium. In toothpastes. Alternatives: plant mulch, vegetable compost, dolomite, clay, vegetarian vitamins.

"Post Self-Realisation" is a very good sentiment all unto itself, no? I will ponder this idea further. But for now allow me to state an old saying from the far-east orient that I've known since I was a boy: "Before enlightenment 'Chop wood and carry water' after enlightenment 'Chop wood and carry water'." PS: My Dear Sir, There is no higher status in all the three planetary systems and no higher status in all the fourteen worlds than to be a bonefide Vaisnava Brahmacaryi.

21) Politically sensitive topics, ie: —The Indian and Buddhist 'Svastika' symbol = symbol denoting auspiciousness---it was usurped by the German dictator during World War II to rally citizens to kill the Jewish populace. —The cow is the quintessentially perfect species for agrarian society—the husband of the cow ‘the bull’ is the best beast of burden for farm life; the cow gives milk, cheese(s), yogurt, butter, panir, ghee, ice cream, whip cream, maha-prashad sweets, medicinal urine, fuel, fertilizer & agrabatti. —Our B-Rabbinical breatheren, the Jews, the descendents of Judah, who make Koshering of meat a religious ritual are the authorities that we must go to argue with, armed with scriptural references, to convince the Biblical scholars of the extent of the consequences of meat eating; especially the cow. 22) The Sanskrit word 'Arayan' = [those noblesse, who adhere to the Vedas]—also usurped by the German dictator during World War II to rally citizens to kill the Jewish populace. Note: this word is the source of the Persian word Mt.</ST1:PArrarat </ST1:P, and Iraq. 23) The cover of Jimmy Hendrix's Double Album 'Axis' (sic?) = contains himself and his band members' faces superimposed over that of the multi-faces of 'Visnu's Universal form'---this Universal form is from the Bhagavad-gita. 24) —The very beginning of the child's film "The Muppit Movie" contains Kermit the frog ask, "Have you tried Hare Krishna?" —Charles Dickens’ 19<SUP>th</SUP> Century English novel “Oliver Twist” [about the orphan boy named Oliver] starts with the Schoolmaster of the orphan-asylum arriving at the home of the new foster parents, inorder to the retrieve Oliver whose tantrums had made trouble for himself and his newest adopting parents. Upon arriving at the home, the Schoolmaster unlocked the closet whence the boy was arrested by the parent. As he drags the boy back to the orphanage the Schoolmaster scolded the parents thus, “I told you not to feed the boy meat, I told you to feed him porridge”. 25) 'Ekadasi' = one must check their local Iskcon temple for the local 'adjusted' time/day of ekadasi's appearance since the start of a lunar cycle is calculated per one's relative location on the planet. That's why some dates are a day apart. This is a detailed subject matter. 'Ekadasi' is the 11th day after both the waxing moon and the waning moon during each month. May Krishna bless you with all artha, kama, dharma, moksha, all seven feminie opulences, all good wealth, all good health, all good happiness, a loving mate, and <?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-comIran</st1:country-region>' and hence 'Arab', <ST1<st1:place w:st=" /><st1:place w:st="on">Krishna</st1:place> prema. <st1:place w:st="on">Om</st1:place> tat sat Jai Radha-Vrindavan Chandra! Bhaktajan 4/26/07 ................................................................................................... PS: Here is my own summary of Vedanta meta-physics for the layman: What is <st1:place w:st="on">Krishna</st1:place> Consciousness? Nothingness and Something-ness both existed together and sustained each other since time-immemorial, together this is called the material manifestation or the Cosmos. Something-ness may be found either conscious or in-animated. The Self: Each conscious Individual, within the cosmos, has as its own address a "Vector Point" [X-Y-Z Axis Intersection]—which is indivisible, individual, eternal, and conscious. An animated conscious individual may occupy a body [encasement]. This encasement allows the pursuit of its own gratification by way of: 1 Eating, 2 Sleeping, 3 Mating, 4 Defense (Physical, mental, ego). After the temporal stages of birth, growth, old age and death the vector point retains only the spirit of 'direction toward a **goal'. Thus by dint of prior cultivated interests, inherits a new body/encasement which accommodates another lifetime for the pursuit of gratification(s) along the same lines of interests that where cultivated during its last life. When this is repeated since time immemorial the sages call this 'samsara' [the cycle of birth and death]. [**the goal is often without guidance thus the 4 pursuits become the ultimate means and end of life's journey to nowhere except repeated gratification. Proper guidance allows us to reconcile, "What in the hell are we doing here?" during a lifetime]. The setting of the above pastimes [of every animated or inanimated individual point] is a large empty space of Nothingness [the sages call this empty space: 'brahman']. The in-animated elements within the cosmos are of two kinds: 1 gross matter [earth, water, fire, air, either], and, 2 subtle [mind, intelligence, ego]. The mystery of life is the attainment of transcendence. Some say the attainment of nirvana, or merging with the primordial 'Nothingness' is the goal. The chain of succession of knowledge that comes to us from Vyasadeva shows us [through dissatisfaction with our own pursuits —life time after life times of gratification in countless species of life— in varying births of different status] that the goal of life is to seek the 'Absolute Truth' not relative truths. The conclusion of the Vedas and thus the conclusion of Vedanta is the 'Absolute Truth' known as the personage known as <st1:place w:st="on">Krishna</st1:place>. We know this 'Absolute Truth' in the same way we know who are real father is: from our mother [except for those who cultivated future disadvatages]. The Vedas are like our mother telling us who are father is etc, etc. Krishna Consciousness is the top most mystic yoga discipline: Remembering the transcendental name, fame, form, personality, paraphernalia, entourage, and, pastimes of none other than the Supreme Personality of Godhead Bhagavan Sri Krishna, son of Vasudeva, brother of Balarama, cousin of Arjuna, source of Mahavisnu and Narayana, the original-original eternal, all-cognizant, all-blissful form of God (in his Transcendent Heaven where every soul pursues reciprocal pastimes with Him face to face). (Astanga-) Yoga is to re-link with this 'Absolute Truth', thus remembering <st1:place w:st="on">Krishna</st1:place>'s form assists the minute living entity [conscious Individual Vector Point] at death so as to acquire a next birth that further cultivates Krsna Conscousness till successful completion. Remembering Krishna in the material world is prescribed thus [it is also the easiest]: Chant <st1:place w:st="on">Krishna</st1:place>'s names. Chant the Hare Krishna Maha-Mantra. Read the Bhagavad-gita's Chapter 10 "The Opulence of the Absolute” [to learn where to see God's opulence spread through-out the cosmos.] .................................................. .................................................. The history of the Vedas, from the Sri Isopanisad Introduction: About five thousand years ago Vyasadeva put the Vedas in writing for the people in this age, Kali-yuga. He divided the Vedas into four: Rig, Sama, Atharva and Yajur. Then he gave the charge of these Vedas to his different disciples. Then Vyasadeva summarized all Vedic knowledge for scholars and philosophers in what is called the Vedanta-sutra. This is the last word of the Vedas. Vyasadeva was not very satisfied even after compiling many Puranas and Upanisads, and even after writing the Vedanta-sutra. Then his spiritual master, Narada, instructed him, “Explain the Vedanta-sutra.” Vedanta means “ultimate knowledge,” and the ultimate knowledge is Krsna. Krsna says that throughout all the Vedas one has to understand Him: vedanta-krd veda-vid eva caham. Krsna says, “I am the compiler of the Vedanta-sutra, and I am the knower of the Vedas.” Therefore the ultimate objective is Krsna. The Vedanta-sutra simply hints at what is Brahman, the Absolute Truth: “The Absolute Truth is that from whom everything emanates.” This is a summary, but it is explained in detail in Srimad-Bhagavatam. If everything is emanating from the Absolute Truth, then what is the nature of the Absolute Truth? That is explained in Srimad-Bhagavatam. The Absolute Truth must be consciousness. He is self-effulgent (svarat). We develop our consciousness and knowledge by receiving knowledge from others, but for Him it is said that He is self-effulgent. The whole summary of Vedic knowledge is the Vedanta-sutra, and the Vedanta-sutra is explained by the writer himself in Srimad-Bhagavatam. We finally request those who are actually after Vedic knowledge to try to understand the explanation of all Vedic knowledge from Srimad-Bhagavatam and the Bhagavad-gita. ……………………………………………………………………. yours in <st1:place w:st="on">Krishna</st1:place>'s service, Bhaktajan

8B) 4 defects “flaws of conditioned soul= mistakes; illusioned; cheating; imperfect senses” —16.24P 9) 'Sanskrit' alphabet's arrangement=same as established by professional theatre school text books to teach 'International Phonetics' (I.P.A.) so as to teach "Dialects and Accent-Elimination". [note: Professor Higgins in the G.W. Shaw's play, 'My Fair Lady' introduces himself as a professor of Linguistics and a scholar of Sanskrit.] 10) "Indo-European" languages =Sanskrit's position in this family tree is indicated by the word 'Indo'. [Ed. Surmises that the word ‘Europa’ can equate to the following Sanskrit compound word: ‘Uru-purusa, Uru (vast) + purusa (person) 11) 'Maha-Bharata' =5000 year old Epic of ancient <?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:place w:st="on"><st1:country-region w:st="on">India</st1:country-region></st1:place> describing the court intrigue and culture of Brahminical India during the end of the last [dwarpa yuga] epoch. 12) 'Bhagavad-gita' =after reading the Tao te ching, and the Art of War, and Book of Five Rings, and the Japanese Code of Bushido, the Buddhist Sutras, after life times of monastic contemplation and services to humanity one might read a authorized translation of the 'Bhagavad-gita' as it is; see A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami's edition for this great spiritual 700 versed dialogue translated from the chapter in the Ancient Sanskrit Epic of Antiquity, the 'Maha-Bharata' in its original Devotional Tradition. 13) The Two Schools of thought=the Theist—Vaishnava devotee of <st1:place w:st="on">Krishna</st1:place> (bhagavata school) & the Impersonalist---the seeker of release from the individual ego and attain refuge and thus merge in the primodial impersonal state of nirvana (sunyavada school). [Ed note: The individual vector point of the soul is 'active by nature', thus nirvana is not eternal.] 14) Vegetarianism is all about ‘AHIMSA—non-violence”. Not about our sentiments. Meatless living is all about warding-off bad (ugra-) karma for humans. It’s not about compassion for the animals welfare but about the welfare of children being indoctrinated into a life based on killing inorder to live up to a false standard of ‘living’. 15) Chakras=the balanced circulation of prana amongst the energy centers along the spine that correspond to functional aspects of a person [ie: throat chakra/speech, Head chakra/mind, bottom chakra/tribal-clan relations, etc.] 16) "Maya"= the Cosmic Material Energy' recognized as a field of temporary matter and energy in flux, whence, the soul appears, to lord it over as best as can be had. All the whilst identifying with the present body, which was afforded by the fruits of prior actions. 17) Karma & Reincarnation=Karma means, 'action'. All living creatures Eat/sleep/mate/defend---one must rise above the mundane order of life and death. We are all destined to take repeated births in various bodies until we are re-acquainted with The grace of Mukunda (a name for <st1:place w:st="on">Krishna</st1:place>---the sole Bestower of Liberation from the material ocean of repeated births and deaths—since time immemorial). This is done by approaching the top experts in the world authorized to instruct novices in the science of Bhakti-yoga. 17) Priyas-citta= (traditional atonement) pursued at the end of household life, or after legal retirement. Typically, to surrender all wealth and remain in ashram life till death. 18) Polytheism=This is a misnomer. The many Demigods of the Indian religion are actually India's Vedic Literature's claim to have a record of the family tree(s) of the superintendents of cosmic affairs since time immemorial, nay, since the first moment that the ‘present Brahma’(-anda) was exhaled from Maha-Vishnu's Breathing, etc, etc, etc . . . 19) The cow is sacred because = the cow is the quintessentially perfect species for agrarian society—the husband of the cow ‘the bull’ is the best beast of burden for farm life; the cow gives milk, cheese(s), yogurt, butter, panir, ghee, ice cream, whip cream, caramel sweets, medicinal urine, fuel, fertilizer. Oxen, leather. 20) Common words and concepts in the English lexicon derived from Sanskrit = mantra, yoga, guru, pundit, swami, kundalini, prana, Buddha, Brahma-Bull, sacred cow, bungalow, yoke, Lapsa- apsa, use of spices in cooking, ghee, Indiana, Europe, Juggernaut, ganja, oriental carpets, untouchables, the three Wise Men of Christ's birth, India considered the 'Crown Jewel' of the British Empire of old.

<TABLE class=MsoNormalTable style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; WIDTH: 351.7pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext" cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width=469 border=1><TBODY><TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes"><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 65.6pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=87>The Modes: </TD><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 97.7pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=130 colSpan=2> Sattvam </TD><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 81.1pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=108 colSpan=2> Rajah </TD><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 107.3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=143 colSpan=2> Tamah </TD></TR><TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 1"><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 65.6pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=87>Understanding: <SUP>18.29 (See 4.17 & 13.22)</SUP> [discrimination by intelligence<SUB>18.30</SUB>] </TD><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 97.7pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=130 colSpan=2>—what is & is not to be done —what is & is not to be feared —what is binding & what is liberating<SUB>18.30 // 16.24</SUB> </TD><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 81.1pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=108 colSpan=2>—can’t distinguish between religion & irreligion, action that should be done & action that should not be done m<SUB>18.31</SUB> </TD><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 107.3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=143 colSpan=2>—considers irreligion to be religion and vise-versa —under the spell of illusion & darkness —strives always in the wrong direction m<SUB>18.32</SUB> </TD></TR><TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 2"><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 65.6pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=87>Determination: </TD><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 97.7pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=130 colSpan=2>—unbreakable —sustained with stead-fastness by yoga practice, thus, controls mind, life & senses<SUB>18.33</SUB> </TD><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 81.1pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=108 colSpan=2>—Hold fast to fruitive results in religion, economic develop-ment, & sense gratification<SUB>18.34</SUB> </TD><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 107.3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=143 colSpan=2>—Dreaming, fearfulness, lamentation, moroseness, illusion & unintelligence<SUB>18.35</SUB> </TD></TR><TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 3"><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 65.6pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=87>Happiness: <SUP>18.36</SUP> </TD><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 97.7pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=130 colSpan=2>—In the beginning like poison but at the end is just like nectar & which awakens one to self-realization<SUB>18.37</SUB> </TD><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 81.1pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=108 colSpan=2>—Via contact with senses is like nectar in the beginning but poison at the end<SUB>18.38</SUB> </TD><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 107.3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=143 colSpan=2>—Blind to self-realization & is delusion from beginning to end, and, which arises from: sleep, laziness and illusion<SUB>18.39</SUB> </TD></TR><TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 4; page-break-inside: avoid"><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 351.7pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=469 colSpan=7> Note:There is no being existing either here or among the demigods in the higher planetary systems, which is freed from these 3 modes of material nature<SUB>18.40</SUB> </TD></TR><TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 5; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes; page-break-inside: avoid"><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 65.6pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=87>Societal types: <SUP>9.32</SUP> </TD><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BACKGROUND: #ccffcc; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 68.8pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=92> Brahmanas </TD><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BACKGROUND: aqua; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 69pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=92 colSpan=2>Kshatriyas (administrators) </TD><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BACKGROUND: #ffcc00; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 76.55pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=102 colSpan=2> Vaishyas (merchants) </TD><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; BACKGROUND: yellow; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 71.75pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=96> Sudras (laborers) </TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>

<TABLE class=MsoNormalTable style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; WIDTH: 351.7pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext" cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width=469 border=1><TBODY><TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes"><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 65.6pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=87>The Modes: </TD><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 97.7pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=130> Sattvam </TD><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 81.1pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=108> Rajah </TD><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 107.3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=143> Tamah </TD></TR><TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 1"><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 65.6pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=87>Charity:<SUP></SUP> <SUP>(See 18.3,5)</SUP> </TD><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 97.7pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=130>—Per duty; w/o expecting return; at proper time & place to a worthy person<SUB>17.20</SUB> </TD><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 81.1pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=108>—For fruitive results, and in a grudging mood<SUB>17.21</SUB> </TD><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 107.3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=143>—At an impure place; at an improper time; to unworthy persons; w/o proper attention & respect<SUB>17.22</SUB> </TD></TR><TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 2"><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 65.6pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=87>Renunciation: <SUP>(See 18.11)</SUP> </TD><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 97.7pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=130>—<SUB>18.9</SUB>Per duty; giving-up all material association, and, attachment to results; —<SUB>18.10</SUB>neither hateful of inauspicious work nor attached to auspicious work; has no doubts about work </TD><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 81.1pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=108>—Troublesome, or, out of fear of bodily discomfort <SUB>17.21</SUB> </TD><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 107.3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=143>—Prescribed duties are never to be renounced because of illusion!!!<SUB>18.7</SUB> </TD></TR><TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 3"><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 65.6pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=87>Knowledge: <SUP>18.19 & 29</SUP> </TD><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 97.7pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=130>—Re: seeing paramatma everywhere <SUB>18.20 & 22</SUB> </TD><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 81.1pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=108>—Sees soul as temporary —Producing many theories & doctrines by dint of mudane logic & mental speculation<SUB>18.21,22</SUB> </TD><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 107.3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=143>—Attached to very meager work as the all in all w/o knowledge of the truth/ —concerned only with bodily comfort<SUB>18.22</SUB> </TD></TR><TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 4"><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 65.6pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=87>Action:<SUB>18.19</SUB> [object of knowledge<SUB>18.29</SUB>] </TD><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 97.7pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=130>—Regulated —done w/o attachment, love, hate, nor desire for fruitive results —per duty in K.C. <SUB>18.23</SUB> </TD><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 81.1pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=108>—to gratify desires —enacted from a sense of false ego<SUB>18.24</SUB> </TD><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 107.3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=143>—In illusion —disregarding sastra —w/o concern for future bondage —to cause violence or distress to others<SUB>18.25</SUB> </TD></TR><TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 5; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes"><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 65.6pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=87>Performer:<SUB>18.19</SUB> [Knower<SUB>18.29</SUB>] </TD><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 97.7pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=130>—does duty w/o assoc. w/3-modes, false ego, nor wavering in success or failure —does duty w/great determination & enthusiasm<SUB>18.26</SUB> </TD><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 81.1pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=108>—Attached to work, hearth, home, & fruits of work —greedy, envious, impure & moved by joy and sorrow<SUB>18.27</SUB> </TD><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 107.3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=143>—anti-sastric —materialistic —obstinate —cheating —expert in insulting —lazy —morose —procrastinating<SUB>18.28</SUB> </TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>

<TABLE class=MsoNormalTable style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; WIDTH: 351.7pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext" cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width=469 border=1><TBODY><TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes"><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 65.6pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=87>Austerities: (penance)<SUP></SUP> <SUP>(See 18.3,5)</SUP> “The 3-Fold Austerity”: Body:<SUB>4</SUB>Puja of: God, brahmanas, guru & parents/Cleanliness, simplicity, elibacy, and nonviolence. speech: truthful, pleasing, beneficial, not agitating, reciting Vedas. Mind: satisfaction, simplicity, self-control, purification, w/o duplicity, think of doing good for others. </TD><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 97.7pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=130><SUB>17.14</SUB>per sastra; and with transcendental faith w/o desire for reward; and for the sake of the Supreme<SUB>17.17</SUB> <?xml:namespace prefix = v ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" /><v:group id=_x0000_s1053 style="MARGIN-TOP: 223.5pt; Z-INDEX: 1; MARGIN-LEFT: 55.5pt; WIDTH: 286.8pt; POSITION: absolute; HEIGHT: 89.25pt" coordsize="5736,1785" coordorigin="1745,5602"><v:shapetype id=_x0000_t88 filled="f" path="m,qx10800@0l10800@2qy21600@11,10800@3l10800@1qy,21600e" adj="1800,10800" o:spt="88" coordsize="21600,21600"><v:formulas><v:f eqn="val #0"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum 21600 0 #0"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum #1 0 #0"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum #1 #0 0"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod #0 9598 32768"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum 21600 0 @4"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum 21600 0 #1"></v:f><v:f eqn="min #1 @6"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @7 1 2"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod #0 2 1"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum 21600 0 @9"></v:f><v:f eqn="val #1"></v:f></v:formulas><v:path textboxrect="0,@4,7637,@5" o:connectlocs="0,0;21600,@11;0,21600" o:connecttype="custom" arrowok="t"></v:path><v:handles><v:h yrange="0,@8" position="center,#0"></v:h><v:h yrange="@9,@10" position="bottomRight,#1"></v:h></v:handles></v:shapetype><v:shape id=_x0000_s1054 style="LEFT: 4431px; WIDTH: 360px; POSITION: absolute; TOP: 2916px; HEIGHT: 5731px; rotation: 270" adj=",8012" strokeweight="2.25pt" type="#_x0000_t88"></v:shape><v:shapetype id=_x0000_t202 path="m,l,21600r21600,l21600,xe" o:spt="202" coordsize="21600,21600"><v:stroke joinstyle="miter"></v:stroke><v:path o:connecttype="rect" gradientshapeok="t"></v:path></v:shapetype><v:shape id=_x0000_s1055 style="LEFT: 1772px; WIDTH: 1800px; POSITION: absolute; TOP: 6012px; HEIGHT: 1138px" strokeweight="1.5pt" type="#_x0000_t202"><v:textbox style="mso-next-textbox: #_x0000_s1055" inset="0,0,0,0"><TABLE cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="100%"><TBODY><TR><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: #d4d0c8; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; BORDER-BOTTOM: #d4d0c8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent"> . Body . —<SUB>17.14</SUB>Puja of:God, brahmanas, guru & parents/Cleanliness, simplicity, celibacy, and nonviolence. </TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></v:textbox></v:shape><v:shape id=_x0000_s1056 style="LEFT: 3720px; WIDTH: 1800px; POSITION: absolute; TOP: 5907px; HEIGHT: 792px" strokeweight="1.5pt" type="#_x0000_t202"><v:textbox style="mso-next-textbox: #_x0000_s1056" inset="0,0,0,0"><TABLE cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="100%"><TBODY><TR><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: #d4d0c8; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; BORDER-BOTTOM: #d4d0c8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent"> . speech . —<SUB>17.15</SUB>truthful, pleasing, beneficial, not agitating, reciting Vedas. </TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></v:textbox></v:shape><v:shape id=_x0000_s1057 style="LEFT: 5681px; WIDTH: 1800px; POSITION: absolute; TOP: 6012px; HEIGHT: 1166px" strokeweight="1.5pt" type="#_x0000_t202"><v:textbox style="mso-next-textbox: #_x0000_s1057" inset="0,0,0,0"><TABLE cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="100%"><TBODY><TR><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: #d4d0c8; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; BORDER-BOTTOM: #d4d0c8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent"> . mind . —<SUB>17.16</SUB>satisfaction, simplicity, self-control, purification, w/o duplicity, think of doing good for others. </TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></v:textbox></v:shape><v:shape id=_x0000_s1058 style="LEFT: 3607px; WIDTH: 2016px; POSITION: absolute; TOP: 6709px; HEIGHT: 678px" strokeweight="2pt" type="#_x0000_t202" stroked="f"><v:textbox style="mso-next-textbox: #_x0000_s1058" inset="0,0,0,0"><TABLE cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="100%"><TBODY><TR><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: #d4d0c8; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; BORDER-BOTTOM: #d4d0c8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent">“The 3-Fold Austerity”<SUB>17.17 </SUB> (<SUB>See S.B. 6.11.24 </SUB>“3-Properties”)<SUB></SUB> </TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></v:textbox></v:shape></v:group> </TD><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 81.1pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=108>—Via pride to get: respect, honor & worship —It is neither stable nor permanent<SUB>17.18</SUB> </TD><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 107.3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=143>Via foolishness w/self-torture or to destroy or injure others<SUB>17.19</SUB> </TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE> <v:group id=_x0000_s1053 style="MARGIN-TOP: 223.5pt; Z-INDEX: 1; MARGIN-LEFT: 55.5pt; WIDTH: 286.8pt; POSITION: absolute; HEIGHT: 89.25pt" coordsize="5736,1785" coordorigin="1745,5602"><v:shapetype id=_x0000_t88 filled="f" path="m,qx10800@0l10800@2qy21600@11,10800@3l10800@1qy,21600e" adj="1800,10800" o:spt="88" coordsize="21600,21600"><v:formulas><v:f eqn="val #0"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum 21600 0 #0"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum #1 0 #0"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum #1 #0 0"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod #0 9598 32768"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum 21600 0 @4"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum 21600 0 #1"></v:f><v:f eqn="min #1 @6"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @7 1 2"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod #0 2 1"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum 21600 0 @9"></v:f><v:f eqn="val #1"></v:f></v:formulas><v:path textboxrect="0,@4,7637,@5" o:connectlocs="0,0;21600,@11;0,21600" o:connecttype="custom" arrowok="t"></v:path><v:handles><v:h yrange="0,@8" position="center,#0"></v:h><v:h yrange="@9,@10" position="bottomRight,#1"></v:h></v:handles></v:shapetype><v:shape id=_x0000_s1054 style="LEFT: 4431px; WIDTH: 360px; POSITION: absolute; TOP: 2916px; HEIGHT: 5731px; rotation: 270" adj=",8012" strokeweight="2.25pt" type="#_x0000_t88"></v:shape><v:shapetype id=_x0000_t202 path="m,l,21600r21600,l21600,xe" o:spt="202" coordsize="21600,21600"><v:stroke joinstyle="miter"></v:stroke><v:path o:connecttype="rect" gradientshapeok="t"></v:path></v:shapetype><v:shape id=_x0000_s1055 style="LEFT: 1772px; WIDTH: 1800px; POSITION: absolute; TOP: 6012px; HEIGHT: 1138px" strokeweight="1.5pt" type="#_x0000_t202"><v:textbox style="mso-next-textbox: #_x0000_s1055" inset="0,0,0,0"><TABLE cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="100%"><TBODY><TR><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: #d4d0c8; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; BORDER-BOTTOM: #d4d0c8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent"> . Body . —<SUB>17.14</SUB>Puja of:God, brahmanas, guru & parents/Cleanliness, simplicity, celibacy, and nonviolence. </TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></v:textbox></v:shape><v:shape id=_x0000_s1056 style="LEFT: 3720px; WIDTH: 1800px; POSITION: absolute; TOP: 5907px; HEIGHT: 792px" strokeweight="1.5pt" type="#_x0000_t202"><v:textbox style="mso-next-textbox: #_x0000_s1056" inset="0,0,0,0"><TABLE cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="100%"><TBODY><TR><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: #d4d0c8; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; BORDER-BOTTOM: #d4d0c8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent"> . speech . —<SUB>17.15</SUB>truthful, pleasing, beneficial, not agitating, reciting Vedas. </TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></v:textbox></v:shape><v:shape id=_x0000_s1057 style="LEFT: 5681px; WIDTH: 1800px; POSITION: absolute; TOP: 6012px; HEIGHT: 1166px" strokeweight="1.5pt" type="#_x0000_t202"><v:textbox style="mso-next-textbox: #_x0000_s1057" inset="0,0,0,0"><TABLE cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="100%"><TBODY><TR><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: #d4d0c8; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; BORDER-BOTTOM: #d4d0c8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent"> . mind . —<SUB>17.16</SUB>satisfaction, simplicity, self-control, purification, w/o duplicity, think of doing good for others. </TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></v:textbox></v:shape><v:shape id=_x0000_s1058 style="LEFT: 3607px; WIDTH: 2016px; POSITION: absolute; TOP: 6709px; HEIGHT: 678px" strokeweight="2pt" type="#_x0000_t202" stroked="f"><v:textbox style="mso-next-textbox: #_x0000_s1058" inset="0,0,0,0"><TABLE cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width="100%"><TBODY><TR><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: #d4d0c8; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; BORDER-BOTTOM: #d4d0c8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent">“The 3-Fold Austerity”<SUB>17.17 </SUB> (<SUB>See S.B. 6.11.24 </SUB>“3-Properties”)<SUB></SUB> </TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></v:textbox></v:shape></v:group> NOTE: Reference numbers are per A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami's Bhagavad-gita Translations.

<TABLE class=MsoNormalTable style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; WIDTH: 351.7pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext" cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width=469 border=1><TBODY><TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes"><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 65.6pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=87>The Modes: </TD><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 97.7pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=130> Sattvam </TD><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 81.1pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=108> Rajah </TD><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 107.3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=143> Tamah </TD></TR><TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 1"><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 65.6pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=87>Faith/Worship: <SUP>17.4, 17.3</SUP> </TD><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 97.7pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=130> Devas <SUP>(See SB 4.3.23)</SUP><SUB></SUB> <SUP> (Pure Goodness = S.P.G.)</SUP> </TD><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 81.1pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=108> Asuras <SUP>(See 17.6)</SUP><SUB></SUB> </TD><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 107.3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=143> Bhutas<SUB></SUB> <SUP>(See 17.13)</SUP><SUB></SUB> </TD></TR><TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 2"><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 65.6pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=87>Food: </TD><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 97.7pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=130>—Juicy, fatty, wholesome & pleasing to the heart —purifies existence, increases life span & strength, health, happiness & satisfaction<SUB>17.8</SUB> </TD><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 81.1pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=108>—Too bitter, sour, salty, hot, pungent, dry and burning —causing distress, misery, disease<SUB>17.9</SUB> </TD><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 107.3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=143>Tasteless, decomposed, putrid, remnants of food eaten by others, untouchable things & more than 3 hours old<SUB>17.10</SUB> </TD></TR><TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 3; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes"><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 65.6pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=87>Sacrifice: <SUP>(See 18.5) 18.3,6</SUP> </TD><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 97.7pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=130>w/o desire for reward & per sastra, as a matter of duty<SUB> 17.11</SUB> </TD><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 81.1pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=108>For the sake of pride & Material benefit<SUB>17.12</SUB> </TD><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 107.3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=143>w/o sastric direction, prasadam distribution, Vedic Hymns, remunerations to the priests, nor faith<SUB>17.13</SUB> </TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>

<TABLE class=MsoNormalTable style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; WIDTH: 351.7pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext" cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width=469 border=1><TBODY><TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes"><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 65.6pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=87>The Modes: </TD><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 97.7pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=130> Sattvam </TD><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 81.1pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=108> Rajah </TD><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 107.3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=143> Tamah </TD></TR><TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 1"><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 65.6pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=87>Symptoms: <SUP></SUP> <SUP>14.11</SUP> </TD><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 97.7pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=130>—<SUB>14.16</SUB>Activities are pious —<SUB>15.7</SUB>all gates of body illuminated<SUB>14.11</SUB>by knowledge —<SUB>14.16</SUB>Acts=pure —real<SUB>14.17</SUB> knowledge, peace & prosperity develop. </TD><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 81.1pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=108>—<SUB>15.7</SUB>Acts are troublesome —great attachm’t —fruitive acts —intense endeavor —uncontrollable desire & hankering —never satisfied <SUP>14.12,17</SUP> —Acts=misery<SUB>14.16</SUB> —Greed develops<SUB>14.17</SUB> —no peace or prosperity. </TD><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 107.3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=143>—<SUB>15.7</SUB>Travel in low species —<SUB>14.13</SUB>darkness —inertia —madness —illusion —acts whimsically —inactive —<SUB>14.16</SUB>acts=foolishness & <SUB>14.8</SUB>degradation/foolishness, madness & illusion <SUB>14.17</SUB> develop/just like animals —no peace or prosperity. </TD></TR><TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 2"><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 65.6pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=87>Death: <SUP>14.14</SUP> </TD><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 97.7pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=130>—Gradually attains to pure higher plants where great sages & devotees live<SUB>14.14,18</SUB> </TD><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 81.1pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=108>—<SUB>14.15</SUB>Among fruitive workers on earthly planets<SUB>14.18 </SUB> (pure passion = King or rich man on earth—In passion there’s chance of madness in next life) </TD><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 107.3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=143>—Animal kingdom and/or hellish worlds<SUB>14.15,16,18</SUB> </TD></TR><TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 3; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes; page-break-inside: avoid"><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 351.7pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=469 colSpan=4>—The opportunity to be elevated to the mode of goodness is called Krishna Consciousness <SUP>14.18,26 </SUP> —<SUB> 14.19</SUB>When one properly sees [by learning this science from the real fully K.C. spiritual master]: 1) That in all activities no other performer is at work than the 3-modes & 2) Knows Krishna—one is promoted to <?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:place w:st="on">Krishna</st1:place>’s spiritual nature<SUB>14.18</SUB> [equal to the S.P.G. in quality<SUB>14.27</SUB>]. —One in K.C. is: 1) Not under the spell of the 3-modes<SUB>14.20 </SUB>; 2) Is free from birth, death, old age & its distresses; 3) Can enjoy nectar even in this life. —<SUB> 14.26</SUB>Via Full Dev. Serv. w/unfailing determination, one, at once transcends 3-modes & comes to the level of the<SUB>14.27</SUB>Brahman (eternity/imperishability) conception of the Supreme Person (this is the first stage in self-realization). </TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>

8A)The Modes (‘3 Gunas’) and their attributes (from Bhagavad-gita): [Ed: the text in this table-chart may shift around—it is 8pt Font, 4 ¾” wide en toto, with 4 vertical columns.] <TABLE class=MsoNormalTable style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; WIDTH: 351.7pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext" cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 width=469 border=1><TBODY><TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; page-break-inside: avoid"><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 351.7pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=469 colSpan=4> <?xml:namespace prefix = v ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml" /><v:shapetype id=_x0000_t85 filled="f" path="m21600,qx0@0l0@1qy21600,21600e" adj="1800" o:spt="85" coordsize="21600,21600"><v:formulas><v:f eqn="val #0"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum 21600 0 #0"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod #0 9598 32768"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum 21600 0 @2"></v:f></v:formulas><v:path textboxrect="6326,@2,21600,@3" o:connectlocs="21600,0;0,10800;21600,21600" o:connecttype="custom" gradientshapeok="t" arrowok="t"></v:path><v:handles><v:h yrange="0,10800" position="topLeft,#0"></v:h></v:handles></v:shapetype><v:shape id=_x0000_s1026 style="MARGIN-TOP: 10.95pt; Z-INDEX: 1; LEFT: 0px; MARGIN-LEFT: 85pt; WIDTH: 3.6pt; POSITION: absolute; HEIGHT: 15.1pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left" strokeweight="1.75pt" type="#_x0000_t85"><?xml:namespace prefix = w ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" /><w:anchorlock></w:anchorlock></v:shape>Brahma to Narada:<SUB> SB 2.6.32</SUB> “Visnu maintains these 3 energies (tri-çakti-dhåk)” Primaryè internal**//marginal//external Externalè sattva//raja//tamas gunas <SUP>**Internal Potency</SUP><SUP>è</SUP><SUP> </SUP><SUP>Samvit </SUP><SUP>+ </SUP><SUP>Sandiné</SUP><SUP> + </SUP><SUP>Hlädiné</SUP><SUP></SUP> </TD></TR><TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 1; page-break-inside: avoid"><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 351.7pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=469 colSpan=4> <SUB>14.5</SUB> 3-Modes of Material Nature (+ Jivas = Conditioned Status<SUB>14.6</SUB>—thus, Happiness//Distress<SUB>14.5</SUB>) </TD></TR><TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 2"><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 65.6pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=87>The Modes: </TD><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 97.7pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=130> Sattvam </TD><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 81.1pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=108> Rajah </TD><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 107.3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=143> Tamah </TD></TR><TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 3"><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 65.6pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=87>Quality: </TD><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 97.7pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=130>Goodness —<SUB>16.3</SUB>auspicious for liberation —<SUB>14.6</SUB>purer than other modes —<SUB>18.19</SUB>illuminating —frees one from sins —greater knowledge & happiness. </TD><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 81.1pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=108>Passion —<SUB>16.3</SUB>liberation impossible —born of unlimited<SUB> </SUB> desires & longings<SUB>14.7</SUB> —<SUB>18.19</SUB>binds one to furtive activity. </TD><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 107.3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=143> Ignorance —<SUB>16.3</SUB>liberation impossible —born of —ignorance —madness —indolence/<SUB>14.8;18.19</SUB> —sleep —dejected —addicted to intoxicants. </TD></TR><TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 4"><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 65.6pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=87>Conditioned Types: <SUP>14.6</SUP> </TD><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 97.7pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=130> Happy<SUB>14.6</SUB> —<SUB>14.9</SUB>Satisfied by ones work or pursuits/but feels advanced in <SUB>14.6</SUB> knowledge & better than others <SUB>18.19</SUB> </TD><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 81.1pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=108> Active<SUB>14.6</SUB> —Owns much as one can & is philantrophic<SUB>14.9</SUB> </TD><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 107.3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=143> Helpless<SUB>14.6 / 14.19</SUB> —Mad, whatever is done is good for nobody<SUB>14.9</SUB> </TD></TR><TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 5; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes; page-break-inside: avoid"><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 351.7pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=469 colSpan=4> Note: One who is actually intent on advancing in <?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:place w:st="on">Krishna</st1:place> Consciousness has to transcend these three modes <SUB>14.10,15,20 // 17.3</SUB> </TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>

3) Definition of 'Yoga'=to link up to, to re-unite (also see entomology of the word 'religion'. 4) Ayur-Vedic medicine and Hatha Yoga=holistic use of Herbs and physical therapy. 5) Mantra Meditation=classical sitting silent prayer. 6) The three stages of yoga practice= A) Karma-yoga, yoga of action. B) Sankya-yoga, yoga of analytical study of scripture. C) Bhakti-yoga, yoga of Devotion to <?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:place w:st="on">Krishna</st1:place>. 7) The three progressive stages of yogic enlightenment= I ) Brahman-Realization, ---the impersonal manifestation of God, nothingness, the field, the void; Brahman is also used as a general reference for God, et al. II ) Paramatma Realization, the presence of god as the nucleus of every inanimate spark and particle of matter and energy in the universe, and also god as present in every animate individual soul as the witnessing 'Supersoul'—hence the word, 'Param (super) atma' (soul) [ Note: Conscience living beings are capable, by birth-right, of progressing through the following 5 stages of spiritual maturity: A)anna-maya = recognize the manifest mercy of god as 'food'. B)prana-maya = recognize god as 'living force in all life forms'. C)Sankya-maya=recognize god as 'thinking, willing, and feeling'. D)vigyana-maya= 'mind and ego seen different from the soul'. E)ananda-maya= 'all-blissful nature' Via prema-bhakti-seva. (loving devotional service to <st1:place w:st="on">Krishna</st1:place>.) III ) Bhagavan Realization, God as he is reveal in the Vedas of India—(krsnas tu bhagavan svayam . . . ) 8) The "3 Gunas" = 'sattva, raja, & tamas' = respectively, the “Qualities of Creation, Maintenance, & Desolution”---the “3 material principle forces” that propel the aggregate material elements into flux—[this may be paralleled to the "ying and yang principles of Duality as expounded in Taoist and Buddhist metaphysics"; the difference being that there is the third/middle principle of Duality per Vedic metaphysics. This third principle parallels the small black and white dots found in the classic Chinese symbol of ‘ying & yang’.] The Vedas say that all ‘Actions’ are always affected by one of the “three modes” vying for, and achieving dominance over the other two ‘modes’ during their innate interplay with all material elements and in all stratums of material affairs. Ed.note: Thus, the source of Murphy’s Law, Chaos theory, Bad luck, Irony.

2B) Various Triads that seem to be parallel to each other: <TABLE class=MsoNormalTable style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext" cellSpacing=0 cellPadding=0 border=1><TBODY><TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes"><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 108.6pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=145> Karanadakasayi-Visnu </TD><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 108.6pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=145> Garbhodakasayi-Visnu </TD><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 108.6pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=145> Ksirodakasayi-Visnu </TD></TR><TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 1"><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 108.6pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=145> “MahaVisnu” Supersoul of Material Cosmos </TD><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 108.6pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=145> Supersoul of the Bhahmanda </TD><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 108.6pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=145> Supersoul of the Jiva-atmas </TD></TR><TR style="HEIGHT: 65.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2"><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 108.6pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 65.5pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=145> Paramesvara Mind Contemplation Attachment Desire Lust </TD><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 108.6pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 65.5pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=145> Hrisikesa Senses Desire Fear Fear Greed </TD><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 108.6pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 65.5pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=145> Suhridam-sarva-bhutanam Intelligence—[Gita 5.28] Anger—[Gita 2.62] Anger —[Gita 4.10] Anger —[Gita 5.28] Anger—[Gita 16.21] </TD></TR><TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 3"><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 108.6pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=145> Miseries caused by the mind and body (adhyätmika) </TD><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 108.6pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=145> Miseries inflicted by other living entities (adhibhautika) </TD><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 108.6pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=145> miseries are concerned, these are natural disasters that originate with the demigods (adhidaivika) </TD></TR><TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 4"><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 108.6pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=145> Thinking </TD><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 108.6pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=145> Feeling </TD><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 108.6pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=145> Willing </TD></TR><TR style="mso-yfti-irow: 5"><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 108.6pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=145> Internal energy “Yoga-Maya” <Gokulesvari> </TD><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 108.6pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=145> Marginal energy “Jiva-atmas” (tatañöha-sakti) (kñetrajna-sakti) </TD><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 108.6pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=145> External energy “Maha-Maya” (bahiranga-sakti) <Durga> </TD></TR><TR style="HEIGHT: 109.5pt; mso-yfti-irow: 6; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes"><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 108.6pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 109.5pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=145> Bhagavan Adhi-yajna Visnu Sattva-guna Bhakti Brahma-Sabda Sat <?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" /><st1:place w:st="on">Om</st1:place> Guru kala, </TD><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 108.6pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 109.5pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=145> Brahman Adhi-bhuta Shiva Tamas-guna Karma Sense-perception Chitta Tat Sadhu desha, </TD><TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #d4d0c8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0in; BORDER-LEFT: #d4d0c8; WIDTH: 108.6pt; PADDING-TOP: 0in; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 109.5pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=top width=145> Paramatma Adhi-daiva Brahma Rajas-guna Dhyana Inference Ananda Sat Sastra patra </TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>

Here are some suggested topics for teachers of Hindu theology, history, and meta-physics from the 'Vedas' of <?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com<st1:country-region w:st="on">India</st1:country-region></st1:place>: 1) Vedas=Knowledge. Knowledge is defined in the Vedas as the ability to discriminate the difference between matter and spirit. The famous first verse of the Rig-Veda: "om atha-atho brahma-jigyansah" Now, therefore, in the human form of life we should inquire as to nature of Brahman (the Supreme Personality of Godhead). 2) God=The original Supreme Personality of Godhead, Shree Krishna who is infinitely full in all opulences ("Bhagavan"), specifically: God is the original person who possesses all Beauty, Fame, Intelligence, Power, Wealth, and Renunciation; also, God is the first person, with his own eternal and transcendental name, fame, form, personality, paraphernalia, entourage and pastime. God's body is the absolute form of 'Sat-Chit-Ananda'—Eternity, Cognizance, and Bliss. 2A) Demi-god(s) [Deva(s), m; or Devi(s), f.] are the personification(s) who perform management responsibilities of the different material cosmic maintenance departments. 2B) 5 topics of discussion addressed in the Bhagavad-gita: Three are eternal: 1 Isvara - (Controller) - God 2 Jiva-atma – (Indiviual Soul) - Living Entity 3 Prakriti – Energy (Material & Spiritual) 4 Kala – “Time” One is transient: 5 Karma – Action = a) artha—wealth, abundance b) <st1:place w:st="on">kama</st1:place>—enjoyment, pleasure c) dharma—work, duty

Vedas means 'knowledge'. Knowledge means ability to desciminate, ie: to distinguish between butter and cheese--It is the same but it is absolutely different. So a definitive demarcation must be drawn --until the demarcation becomes an impedement to observing the rules of bhakti-yoga. Peace is only first available through the disciplines of life. No pain no gain. You must attend class and you must not be 'un-mindfully' whimsical with your alloted time in life. First, 'the sacrifice of focus effort', then the reward for following the pre-requisite course of study. This may be a good analogy: "No line of demarcation should be drawn between having a "driver's licence" and having no "driver's licence". Till you'll not find yourself at peace in any kind of situation, there is no scope for being detected by the highway police."